Presidency College
Reaccredited 'A+' by NAAC
Kempapura, Hebbal, Bengaluru – 560024
www.presidencycollege.ac.in
INTERNSHIP REPORT
ON
“AN ORGANIZATIONAL STUDY OF WALMART LTD.”
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF SIXTH SEMESTER
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE/MANAGEMENT DEGREE COURSE OF
BENGALURU CITY UNIVERSITY
BY
Ms. Shamanthaka
Reg No: B2013346
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mr. Guruprasad A
GAIN MORE KNOWLEDGE
REACH GREATER HEIGHTS
PRESIDENCY COLLEGE, KEMPAPURA, HEBBAL,
BENGALURU -560024
(Affiliated to Bangalore City University)
Re-Accredited with NAAC A+
2022-2023
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CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE
This is to certify that this Organizational study report on Walmart ltd. has been
prepared by Shamanthaka Reg No B2013346 under my guidance and supervision in
partial fulfillment of the requirements of Bachelors of Commerce Sixth sem. degree
course of Bangalore City University conducted by Department of Commerce and
Management, Presidency College, Bangalore.
Guide
Name: Mr Guruprasad A
Signature
Date:
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to thank my institution for having given me this
chance to upgrade my knowledge through Internship Programme.
My heartfelt gratitude to Head of the Institution, Dr. Pradeep Kumar Shinde, Head
of the department, Dr. Srinivasan K, Coordinator for the Internship Programme Dr.
Guruprasad Desai and my beloved guide Mr. Guruprasad A for their constant
support guidance and suggestions.
I also extent my grateful thanks to my beloved parents and friends for having
constantly giving their moral support in completing this Internship Programme.
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SL
LIST OF CONTENTS
PG NO.
NO.
1.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
5-10
2.
CHAPTER 2: INDUSTRY PROFILE IN DEPTH
11-31

INDUSTRY PROFILE

RISK AND VULNERABILITIES

ECONOMIC FACTORS
 FUTURE OUTLOOK
3.
CHAPTER 3: COMPANY PROFILE IN DEPTH

BREIF HISTORY

MISSION VISSION STATEMENT

MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE

FUNCTION BASED STRUCTURE

PRODUCT PROFILE OF WALMART
32-42
 ENVIRONMENTAL INCIATIVES
4.
CHAPTER 4: FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENT
43-99
 TYPES OF FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS
a.
OPERATIONAL DEPARTMENT
b.
MERCHANDISING DEPARTMENT
c.
FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT
d.
HUMAN RESOURSE DEPARTMENT
e.
SUPPLY CHAIN AND LOGESTICS DEPARTMENT
 SWOT ANALYSIS OF EACH DEPARTMENT
5.
CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
100-102
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Organization studies (also called organization science or organizational studies) is
the academic field interested in a collective activity, and how it relates to
organization, organizing, and management. The main objective of organizational
studies is to provide a complete understanding of the behavior, culture, ecology,
psychology, theories, and learnings of the organizations to the managers,
researchers, and students.
HISTORY OF WALMART
The history of WALMART, an American discount department store chain, began in
1950 when businessman Sam Walton purchased a store from Luther E. Harrison in
Bentonville, Arkansas and opened Walton's 5 & 10. The Walmart chain proper was
founded in 1962 with a single store in Rogers, expanding outside Arkansas by 1968
and throughout the rest of the Southern United States by the
1980s, ultimately operating a store in every state of the United States, plus its first
stores in Canada, by 1995. The expansion was largely fueled by new store
construction, although the chains Mohr-Value and Kuhn’s Big K were also acquired.
The company introduced its warehouse club chain Sams club in 1983 and its first
Super center stores in 1998
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RETAIL MANAGEMENT
The 1960s and 1970s
Sam Walton made the decision to achieve higher sales volumes by keeping sales
prices lower than his competitors by reducing his profit margin. Sam Walton made
the decision to achieve higher sales volumes by keeping sales prices lower than his
competitors by reducing his profit margin. The company's first stock split occurred
in May 1972 at a market price of $47. By this time, Walmart was operating in five
states: Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri and Oklahoma and expanded into
Tennessee in 1973, and Kentucky and Mississippi in 1974. As the company
expanded into Texas in 1975, there were 125 stores with 7,500 associates, and total
sales of $340.3 million.
By 1977, Walmart expanded into Illinois and made its first corporate acquisition,
assuming ownership and operation of the Mohr-Values stores, which operated in
Missouri and Illinois This was followed by the acquisition Hutcheson shoe company
in 1978. In the same year Walmart also branched out into several new markets,
launching its pharmacy, auto service center and jewelry divisions.
1980s and 1990s
In 1981, Walmart expanded into the southeastern US market, opening stores
in Alabama, Georgia and South Caroline, and acquiring 92 Kuhn’s Big K
stores. They expanded into Florida and Nebraska in 1982.
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In April 1983, the company opened its first Sam’s Club store, a membershipbased discount warehouse club, in Midwest City, Oklahoma. They also expanded
into Indian, Iowa, Mexico and North Carolina and implemented "people greeters"
in all of their stores. The first stores opened in Virginia in 1984.
In 1985, with 882 stores with sales of $8.4 billion and 104,000 associates, the
company expanded into Wisconsin and Colorado, and the first stores opened in
Minnesota in 1986.
By the company's 25th anniversary in 1987, there were offices to track inventory,
sales, and send instant communication to their stores. Continuing their technological
upgrades, they had equipped 90% of their stores with barcode readers by 1988, to
further assist in keeping track of their large inventory.
By 1988, Wal-Mart was the most profitable retailer in the United States, though it
did not outsell Kmart and Sears in terms of value of items purchased until late 1990
or early 1991. In 1990, US sales had quadrupled to $32 billion over the previous five
years and Walmart acquired The McLane Company, a food service distributor,
which was later sold to Berkshire Hathaway in 2003.
In 1991, the company expanded into Connecticut , Delaware , Maine, Maryland
,Massachusetts New Hampshire and New York . Walmart expanded worldwide this
year, with the opening of their first store outside the United States in Mexico City.
They also acquired Western Merchandisers, INC. Of Amarillo ,Texas 1991 also saw
the launch of the Sam’s American Choice brand of products "Made in America"
initiative, to stimulate American suppliers to produce more products and lower the
price.
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In 1994,
The National Advertising Review Board challenged the Walmart slogan, "Always
the low price. Always," contending that it implied that Walmart's prices were always
the lowest and could mislead some shoppers. In response, Walmart adopted a new
slogan, "Always low prices. Always."
Also in 1994, the Code Adam program was instituted in Walmart stores. That same
year, Walmart acquired 91 PACE Membership Warehouse clubs from Kmart and
122 Woolco stores in Canada in 1994. In addition, it opened 3 value clubs in Hong
Kong, and had 96 stores in Mexico.
In 1995,
Walmart had 1,995 discount stores, 239 Super centers , 433 SAM'S CLUBS and
276 international stores with sales at $93.6 billion (including US sales of $78 billion)
and 675,000 associates. Walmart expanded into its final state (Vermont), and also
expanded into South America, with three new units in Argentina and five in Brazil.
In 1998,
Walmart launched its Wal-Mart Television Network, a vast, in-store advertising
network showing commercials for products sold in the stores, concert clips and
music videos for a recording artist's media, trailers for upcoming movie releases, and
news.
The Asda chain in the United Kingdom became a subsidiary in 1999, and is the
second largest chain in the UK after Tesco.
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21st century
Walmart was ranked fifth by Fortune magazine on its Global Most Admired AllStars list and in 2003 and 2004, it was named as the most admired company in
America.
In 2002, Walmart entered the Japanese market by acquiring a minor stake in Seiyu
group, who would become a wholly owned subsidiary of Walmart by 2008.
In 2005, Walmart had $312.4 billion in sales, more than 6,200 facilities around the
world, including 3,800 stores in the United States and 3,800 international units, and
more than 1.6 million associates employed worldwide
On May 22, 2006, Walmart announced the sale of its 16 stores in South Korea to
Shinsegae Co, which rebranded the stores to E-mart. Then on July 26, 2006 Walmart
announced a complete pull-out from the German market
On February 22, 2010, the company confirmed it was acquiring the video streaming
company Vudu Inc for an estimated $100 million.
In June 2011, Walmart acquired 51% of Massmart Holdings.
In light of recent events, amid the COVID 19 pandemic, in the last eighteen months,
as of July 2021; Walmart has displaced all cashiers at smaller stores and
neighborhood locations. Such locations, only have Scan-and-Go self-checkout
stations. Walmart Supercenter locations also will see replacement of cashiers by
2025, as mainly 25% of cashiers work in most locations, while other 75% cashier
stalls are closed all day.
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CHAPTER – 2
INDUSTRY PROFILE IN-DEPTH
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The company chosen is WALMART : which falls under the RETAIL
INDUSTRY
Retail can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where the exchange of goods took
place through barter systems. In ancient Mesopotamia, marketplaces called bazaars
emerged around 3000 BCE. These bazaars served as central hubs for trade, where
various merchants and craftsmen gathered to sell their wares. The concept of retail
gradually spread across ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, and other civilizations, with
marketplaces becoming integral parts of urban life.
Medieval and Renaissance Periods:
During the middle Ages, trade and commerce began to flourish in Europe. The
growth of towns and cities led to the establishment of market squares, where
merchants set up stalls to sell goods. In this period, retail transactions became more
structured, with fixed prices and currency replacing barter systems. The rise of
guilds, which were associations of merchants and craftsmen, played a significant
role in regulating and organizing retail activities.
The Renaissance period witnessed further advancements in the retail industry. The
growth of international trade and exploration opened up new markets and increased
the availability of exotic goods. Retailers, such as Italian merchants known as
mercers, expanded their operations and offered a wider range of products to
consumers. The emergence of shop fronts with displays became a common feature
in European cities.
Industrial Revolution and Department Stores:
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The 18th and 19th centuries marked a transformative period for the retail industry
with the advent of the Industrial Revolution. The development of manufacturing
techniques, transportation infrastructure, and the rise of urbanization fuelled the
growth of retail trade.
One significant development during this time was the rise of department stores. The
first department store, Harding, Howell & Co., opened in London in 1796. These
stores offered a vast array of products under one roof, with different departments
catering to various consumer needs. The rise of department stores, such as Macy's
in the United States and Selfridges in the United Kingdom, revolutionized the retail
landscape by introducing concepts like fixed pricing, window displays, and customer
service.
Chain Stores and Mass Retailing:
The late 19th and early 20th centuries witnessed the emergence of chain stores and
the concept of mass retailing. Companies like Woolworths, WalMart and Sears
Roebuck pioneered the concept of chain stores, where multiple outlets were owned
and managed by a single company. These stores offered standardized products at
affordable prices, catering to the growing middle-class consumer base.
Innovation and Modern Retail:
The mid-20th century saw significant innovations in the retail industry. The
introduction of self-service grocery stores, pioneered by Clarence Saunders with his
Piggy Wiggly stores in the 1910s, transformed the way consumers shopped for
everyday goods. Supermarkets and discount stores became prominent, offering
convenience and competitive pricing.
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The latter half of the 20th century witnessed the rise of shopping malls and the
expansion of large-scale retail chains. Shopping malls provided a one-stop
destination for shopping, dining, and entertainment, becoming central to suburban
life in many countries. Retail giants like Walmart and Target in the United States,
Tesco in the United Kingdom, and Carrefour in France became dominant players,
utilizing economies of scale and sophisticated supply chain management to offer a
wide range of products at competitive prices.
E-commerce and Digital Retail:
The late 20th century and the early 21st century brought about a revolution in the
retail industry with the advent of e-commerce and digital retail. The growth of the
internet and advancements in technology allowed retailers to reach a global customer
base without the need for physical stores. Companies like Amazon, founded in 1994,
played a pivotal role in the rise of e-commerce. Online retailers offered convenience,
a wide product selection, and competitive pricing, disrupting traditional brick-andmortar retail. The convenience of online shopping, coupled with secure payment
systems and efficient logistics, attracted a growing number of consumers. The early
2000s saw the emergence of online marketplaces, such as eBay and Alibaba, where
individuals and businesses could buy and sell goods globally. These platforms
facilitated peer-to-peer transactions and enabled small businesses to reach a broader
customer base.
The integration of smartphones and mobile devices into daily life further
transformed the retail industry. Mobile commerce, or m-commerce, gained
popularity, allowing consumers to make purchases on the go. Retailers began
investing in mobile apps and optimizing their websites for mobile devices to enhance
the shopping experience.
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In recent years, there has been a shift towards Omni channel retail, where retailers
seamlessly integrate their online and offline channels to provide a unified shopping
experience. This approach acknowledges that consumers often engage with multiple
channels during their purchasing journey, such as researching products online and
then making the final purchase in-store.
Technological advancements, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine
learning, have also made their mark on the retail industry. Retailers leverage AI
algorithms to analyse customer data, personalize recommendations, and optimize
inventory management. Additionally, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality
(AR) technologies have been utilized to enhance the in-store experience and enable
virtual try-on for clothing and other products.
The retail industry has also witnessed changes in consumer behaviour and
preferences. Conscious consumerism, sustainability, and ethical sourcing have
gained prominence, prompting retailers to adapt and offer eco-friendly and socially
responsible products. Social media platforms have become influential in shaping
consumer trends and allowing retailers to engage with their customers directly.
The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2019, had a profound impact on the retail
industry. Lockdowns and social distancing measures led to a surge in online
shopping as consumers sought to minimize in-person interactions. Retailers had to
quickly adapt their strategies, invest in robust e-commerce infrastructure, and
implement contactless delivery options to meet changing consumer demands.
In conclusion, the history of the retail industry spans centuries of evolution driven
by economic, social, and technological factors. From ancient marketplaces to the
rise of department stores, chain stores, and e-commerce, the retail industry has
constantly evolved to meet the changing needs and preferences of consumers. As
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technology continues to advance and consumer behaviour evolves, the future of
retail is likely to be shaped by further innovations and the seamless integration of
online and offline channels.
These topics provide a comprehensive understanding of the sector and its
dynamics about RETAIL INDUSTRY.
1. Market Segmentation:
The retail industry can be segmented based on various factors such as product
category, target market, and geographic location. Product categories include apparel,
electronics, home goods, groceries, and more. Target markets can range from massmarket consumers to niche segments based on demographics, lifestyle, and interests.
Geographic segmentation considers regional, national, and international markets,
each with its own cultural, economic, and regulatory factors.
2. Supply Chain Structure:
The supply chain in the retail industry involves the flow of products and services
from suppliers to end consumers. It typically includes the following key
components:
a. Suppliers:
Retailers rely on a network of suppliers to provide the products and services they
offer to consumers. Suppliers can range from manufacturers and wholesalers to
distributors and service providers. Establishing strong relationships with reliable
and quality-focused suppliers is essential for maintaining a robust supply chain.
b. Warehousing and Distribution Centres:
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Retailers often operate warehouses and distribution centers to store and manage
inventory. These facilities serve as crucial nodes in the supply chain, ensuring
efficient inventory management and timely delivery of products to retail locations
or directly to customers.
c. Transportation:
Transportation plays a critical role in the retail supply chain. It involves the
movement of goods from suppliers to distribution centers and from distribution
centers to retail stores or customers. Transportation modes can include trucks, trains,
ships, airplanes, and even drones, depending on the scale and geographical reach of
the retailer.
d. Retail Stores/Outlets:
Retail stores are where the final product is displayed and sold to consumers. They
serve as touchpoints for customer interaction, product browsing, and purchases. In
addition to physical stores, the rise of e-commerce has led to the establishment of
online retail platforms as part of the retail supply chain.
e. Logistics and Fulfillment:
Logistics management encompasses the coordination and optimization of various
supply chain activities, including inventory management, order processing,
packaging, and order fulfillment. Efficient logistics and fulfillment processes are
crucial for ensuring timely delivery, minimizing costs, and meeting customer
expectations.
Key Suppliers:
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Identifying and collaborating with reliable suppliers is vital for the success of retail
businesses. Retailers rely on suppliers to provide a steady flow of products and
services that meet quality standards and are delivered on time. Establishing strong
supplier relationships, negotiating favorable terms, and monitoring supplier
performance are key factors in maintaining a resilient supply chain.
Distribution Channels:
Distribution channels determine how products reach the end consumer. Retailers
may utilize various distribution channels, including direct distribution (from the
manufacturer to the retailer), indirect distribution (involving wholesalers or
distributors), and online platforms. Some retailers may employ a multi-channel
approach, combining physical stores, online platforms, and even third-party
marketplaces to reach a wider customer base.
Logistical Considerations:
Efficient logistics management is critical in the retail industry. Retailers must
optimize inventory levels to meet consumer demand while avoiding excessive
carrying costs. They must also ensure timely and accurate order processing, proper
packaging, and effective transportation management to minimize delivery delays
and costs. Adopting advanced technologies such as warehouse management systems
(WMS), transportation management systems (TMS), and demand forecasting tools
can enhance logistics efficiency.
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Risks and Vulnerabilities:
The retail supply chain faces several risks and vulnerabilities that can impact its
performance. These include:
a. Supply Disruptions:
Disruptions in the supply chain, such as natural disasters, political instability,
or labour disputes, can lead to delays or shortages of products. Retailers need
contingency plans and alternative sourcing strategies to mitigate these risks.
b. Inventory Management:
Poor inventory management can result in overstocking or stock outs, leading to
increased costs or missed sales opportunities. Retailers must employ effective
inventory management techniques, such as demand forecasting, just-in-time (JIT)
inventory, and safety stock optimization.
c. Cyber security and Data Privacy:
With the increasing reliance on digital technologies and e-commerce platforms,
retail supply chains face cybersecurity threats and risks of data breaches. Retailers
must invest in robust cybersecurity measures, including secure payment systems,
encryption protocols, and employee training to protect sensitive customer data.
d. Changing Consumer Demand:
Rapid shifts in consumer demand can create challenges in the retail supply chain.
Retailers must closely monitor consumer trends, preferences, and market dynamics
to adjust their inventory levels, product assortments, and distribution strategies
accordingly. Utilizing data analytics and market research can help retailers anticipate
and respond to changing consumer demand patterns.
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e. Global Trade and Regulations:
The retail industry is heavily influenced by global trade policies, tariffs, and
regulations. Changes in international trade agreements or geopolitical factors can
impact the cost and availability of imported goods, affecting the supply chain.
Retailers involved in international trade must stay updated on trade regulations and
consider diversifying their sourcing strategies to mitigate potential risks.
f. Environmental Sustainability:
Increasing environmental concerns have prompted retailers to prioritize
sustainability in their supply chains. This includes reducing carbon emissions,
minimizing waste, and promoting responsible sourcing practices. Retailers are
adopting eco-friendly packaging, implementing recycling programs, and
collaborating with suppliers that adhere to sustainable and ethical standards.
Economic Factors:
Consider the macroeconomic factors that influence the sector. Assess the impact of
economic indicators such as GDP growth, inflation rates, interest rates, and
consumer spending patterns. Analyze how these factors affect the demand for goods
or services
a. GDP Growth:
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth is a significant indicator of economic
performance. In times of robust GDP growth, consumer confidence tends to
increase, leading to higher consumer spending. This can positively impact the retail
industry as consumers are more likely to purchase goods and services. Conversely,
during periods of slow GDP growth or recession, consumer spending may decline,
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affecting retail sales. Therefore, the retail sector's performance is closely tied to the
overall economic growth of a country or region.
b. Inflation Rates:
Inflation rates measure the rate at which prices of goods and services rise over time.
Moderate inflation can be beneficial for the retail industry as it encourages
consumers to make purchases before prices increase further. However, high inflation
can erode purchasing power and reduce consumer spending. Retailers must carefully
manage pricing strategies and consider the impact of inflation on both their costs and
customers' willingness to spend.
c. Interest Rates:
Interest rates influence consumer borrowing and spending. Lower interest rates can
stimulate consumer spending as borrowing becomes more affordable, leading to
increased demand for retail products. Higher interest rates, on the other hand, can
discourage borrowing and reduce consumer spending. Retailers, particularly those
selling big-ticket items such as furniture or appliances, may be sensitive to changes
in interest rates as they impact consumers' ability to make major purchases.
d. Consumer Spending Patterns:
Consumer spending patterns reflect how individuals allocate their income across
different categories, such as essentials (e.g., food, housing), discretionary goods
(e.g., clothing, electronics), and services (e.g., dining out, travel). Retailers closely
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monitor consumer spending patterns to understand shifts in demand and adjust their
product offerings and marketing strategies accordingly. Factors such as income
levels, employment rates, consumer confidence, and cultural preferences can
influence consumer spending patterns.
e. Unemployment Rates:
Unemployment
rates
directly
impact
consumer
spending
power.
High
unemployment rates can lead to reduced consumer confidence and discretionary
spending, as individuals prioritize essential needs. Conversely, low unemployment
rates can boost consumer confidence and increase disposable income, resulting in
higher retail spending. Retailers must monitor unemployment rates to assess
potential shifts in consumer behavior and adapt their strategies accordingly.
f. Income Distribution:
Income distribution plays a crucial role in the retail sector. Retailers often target
specific income segments, such as luxury brands targeting high-income consumers
or discount retailers catering to budget-conscious shoppers. Changes in income
distribution can affect the demand for different retail products and services. Shifts
in income inequality or changes in middle-class purchasing power can significantly
impact the retail industry's dynamics.
g. Exchange Rates:
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For retailers engaged in international trade or operating in tourist destinations,
exchange rates are important economic factors. Fluctuations in exchange rates can
impact the cost of imported goods, the competitiveness of exports, and the
purchasing power of foreign tourists. Retailers must carefully manage exchange rate
risks and adjust pricing strategies to remain competitive in global markets.
Future Outlook:
Provide an outlook for the sector based on the analysis conducted. Highlight any
anticipated trends, challenges, or opportunities that may shape the sector's future.
Offer insights into potential strategies or recommendations for businesses operating
a. E-commerce and Digital Transformation:
The growth of e-commerce is expected to continue, driven by changing consumer
preferences, technological advancements, and increased internet penetration.
Retailers should prioritize their digital transformation efforts, including enhancing
their online presence, investing in user-friendly websites and mobile apps, and
providing seamless omnichannel experiences. Adopting emerging technologies such
as artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and personalized marketing can help
retailers stay competitive and meet evolving customer expectations.
b. Shift in Consumer Behaviour:
Consumer behaviour is evolving, with increased emphasis on sustainability, ethical
practices, and personalized experiences. Retailers should consider integrating
sustainable practices into their supply chains, offering eco-friendly products, and
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being transparent about their sourcing and manufacturing processes. Personalization
and customization of products and services can help retailers enhance customer
loyalty and differentiate themselves from competitors.
c. Integration of Physical and Digital Retail:
The future of retail lies in integrating physical and digital channels to create a unified
customer experience. Retailers should focus on creating seamless transitions
between online and offline shopping, such as offering click-and-collect services, instore pick-ups for online purchases, and personalized recommendations based on
customer data. Investing in technologies like RFID, IoT, and data analytics can
enable retailers to optimize inventory management and offer personalized shopping
experiences across channels.
d. Supply Chain Resilience and Sustainability:
Retailers need to build resilient and sustainable supply chains to mitigate risks,
respond to disruptions, and meet consumer expectations. This includes diversifying
sourcing strategies, collaborating with ethical suppliers, adopting green packaging
practices, and optimizing logistics to reduce carbon emissions. Embracing circular
economy principles, such as product recycling and waste reduction, can also
contribute to long-term sustainability and cost savings.
e. Importance of Data Analytics:
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Data analytics will play a crucial role in driving retail success. Retailers should
invest in robust analytics capabilities to gain insights into customer preferences,
purchasing patterns, and market trends. Utilizing data-driven decision-making can
enable retailers to optimize inventory, personalize marketing campaigns, forecast
demand accurately, and enhance overall operational efficiency.
f. Changing Store Formats and Experiential Retail:
Retailers need to rethink their store formats to create immersive and experiential
shopping environments. Incorporating interactive displays, virtual reality
experiences, and innovative store layouts can attract customers and increase footfall.
Emphasizing in-store experiences, such as product demonstrations, workshops, and
events, can foster customer engagement and differentiate brick-and-mortar stores
from online competitors.
g. Talent Management and Workforce Transformation:
As technology reshapes the retail industry, retailers need to invest in talent
management and up skilling initiatives. Embracing automation and AI can improve
operational efficiency, but retailers should also focus on retraining employees for
higher-value roles that require human interaction, creativity, and problem-solving.
Investing in employee well-being, diversity and inclusion, and fostering a culture of
innovation can help retailers attract and retain top talent.
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Here are some notable companies in the retail sector from different parts of the
world:
1. Walmart (United States)
2. Amazon (United States)
3. Alibaba Group (China)
4. JD.com (China)
5. Tesco (United Kingdom)
6. Carrefour (France)
7. Costco Wholesale Corporation (United States)
8. Kroger (United States)
9. Target Corporation (United States)
10.Home Depot (United States)
11.IKEA (Sweden)
12.Ahold Delhaize (Netherlands)
13.Woolworths Group (Australia)
14.Seven & I Holdings Co., Ltd. (Japan)
15.Lidl (Germany)
16.Aldi (Germany)
17.METRO AG (Germany)
18.Auchan Retail (France)
19.Best Buy (United States)
20.DMART (India)
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This list includes a diverse range of retail companies operating across different
sectors, such as general merchandise, grocery, e-commerce, and home
improvement.
The retail industry plays a crucial role in driving economic development
in multiple ways.
1. Job Creation and Employment:
The retail sector is a significant generator of employment opportunities. It
encompasses a wide range of roles, including sales associates, store
managers, merchandisers, logistics personnel, and customer service
representatives. By providing jobs to millions of people globally, the retail
industry contributes to reducing unemployment rates and improving living
standards. The industry's labor-intensive nature creates employment
opportunities across various skill levels, including entry-level positions
that serve as stepping stones for career advancement.
2. Economic Growth and GDP Contribution:
The retail industry has a substantial impact on economic growth and
contributes to a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Retail sales
represent a significant portion of consumer spending, which drives
economic activity. Increased retail activity stimulates demand for goods
and services, leading to higher production levels, increased business
revenues, and tax revenues for governments. The sector's growth and
profitability positively influence overall economic indicators, including
GDP growth rates.
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3. Supply Chain Support and Business Linkages:
The retail industry fosters economic development by creating a demand
for goods and services along the supply chain. It supports suppliers,
manufacturers, and distributors by providing a market for their products.
This, in turn, encourages the growth of related industries and promotes
business linkages. Retailers often establish partnerships with local
suppliers, promoting regional economic development and supporting small
and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
4. Infrastructure Development:
The expansion of the retail industry often necessitates the development of
supporting infrastructure. This includes the construction of retail outlets,
shopping malls, warehouses, and transportation networks. Infrastructure
development projects create jobs, attract investments, and stimulate
economic activity in the surrounding areas. Additionally, the retail industry
contributes to urban development and urbanization by driving the growth
of commercial areas and creating vibrant city centres.
5. Innovation and Entrepreneurship:
The retail industry encourages innovation and entrepreneurship. Retailers
are constantly adapting to changing consumer preferences, technological
advancements, and market dynamics. This drives innovation in product
development, marketing strategies, supply chain management, and
customer experience. Retail entrepreneurship also provides opportunities
for individuals to start their own businesses, contributing to economic
diversification and fostering a culture of entrepreneurship.
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6. Consumer Spending and Market Expansion:
The retail industry thrives on consumer spending, which acts as an engine
for economic growth. As consumers spend on retail goods and services, it
stimulates demand across various sectors, including manufacturing,
agriculture, and services. Retail expansion also plays a crucial role in
market development, as it brings products and services to new areas,
facilitates access to goods for remote communities, and enhances
consumer choice.
7. Tax Revenue and Government Support:
The retail industry is a significant contributor to tax revenue for
governments. Retail businesses generate income taxes, sales taxes, valueadded taxes (VAT), and property taxes. These tax revenues support public
infrastructure projects, social welfare programs, education, healthcare, and
other government initiatives. Governments often provide support to the
retail industry through policies, incentives, and regulations that foster a
favourable business environment.
the retail industry's contributions to economic development are extensive.
Through job creation, economic growth, supply chain support,
infrastructure development, innovation, entrepreneurship, consumer
spending, and tax revenue generation, the retail sector acts as a vital driver
of economic progress. By fostering economic linkages and promoting
market expansion, the retail industry contributes to improved living
standards, job opportunities, and overall economic well-being in both
developed and developing economies.
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Here are some lesser-known facts and insights about the retail industry:
The Power of Sensory Marketing: Retailers employ various sensory marketing
techniques to enhance the shopping experience and influence consumer behavior.
For example, playing slow-tempo music in stores can encourage shoppers to spend
more time browsing, while pleasant scents can create positive associations and
influence purchase decisions. Lighting, colors, and even store layout are carefully
designed to create specific atmospheres and evoke desired emotions in customers.
Impulse Buying Phenomenon: Impulse buying is a significant driver of retail sales.
Studies have shown that consumers often make unplanned purchases, driven by
factors such as product placement, attractive packaging, or limited-time promotions.
Retailers strategically position low-priced, enticing items near checkout counters to
capture last-minute impulse buys, contributing to increased sales and revenue.
Retail Anthropology: Retailers increasingly rely on the field of retail anthropology
to gain insights into consumer behavior. This discipline involves studying consumer
habits, preferences, and decision-making processes within retail environments.
Observing how shoppers navigate stores, interact with products, and make
purchasing choices helps retailers optimize store layouts, product placements, and
overall shopping experiences.
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The Rise of Pop-Up Stores: Pop-up stores are temporary retail spaces that emerge
for a short period, often to create buzz or test new markets. These stores have gained
popularity due to their ability to generate excitement, exclusivity, and a sense of
urgency among consumers. They provide an opportunity for retailers to experiment
with new concepts, reach different customer segments, and generate brand
awareness without significant long-term commitments.
Retailtainment: To combat the growing competition from online retailers, physical
stores are incorporating entertainment elements to attract customers and create
memorable experiences. Retailtainment refers to the integration of entertainment,
leisure, or experiential activities within retail spaces. Examples include in-store
events, live performances, interactive displays, or workshops that engage customers
and encourage them to spend more time in stores.
Reverse Showrooming: Showrooming is when consumers visit physical stores to
examine products and then purchase them online at potentially lower prices.
However, retailers have started leveraging this trend through reverse showrooming.
They create engaging in-store experiences, offer exclusive products or discounts,
and provide knowledgeable staff to convert showrooming customers into immediate
buyers, thereby capturing sales that may have otherwise been lost.
Augmented Reality (AR) in Retail: Augmented reality technology is being adopted
by retailers to enhance the shopping experience. Customers can virtually try on
clothing or accessories, visualize furniture in their homes, or preview products in
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real-world environments using AR apps. This technology bridges the gap between
online and offline shopping, enabling customers to make more informed purchase
decisions.
Social Commerce: The rise of social media platforms has given birth to the concept
of social commerce. Retailers are leveraging social media channels to directly sell
products, engage with customers, and gather valuable insights. Influencer marketing,
user-generated content, and shoppable posts are some of the strategies employed to
drive sales and build brand loyalty.
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CHAPTER – 3
COMPANY PROFILE IN-DEPTH
BRIEF HISTORY OF WALMART:
Walmart started with one man. In 1962, Sam Walton began with just one store and
one mission: help people save money so they could live better. As a growing global
digital enterprise and with over 11,500 stores, we maintain Mr. Sam’s vision, but
now we are able to help more customers than ever.
It began with a spark
Over the past 50 years, we’ve gone from one store in rogers, AR to a global digital
enterprise. Along the way, we've accomplished so much.
• RETAIL REVOLUTION:
On July, 1962, Sam Walton opened the first Walmart store in rogers, AR. By
1969, the company was officially incorporated and registering $12.7 billion
in sale
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• WE GO NATIONAL:
The 1970s was a decade of incredible growth. In this time, we became a
publicity traded company, opened our first distribution center and landed on
the new York stock exchange. And what’s more? In 1975, the Walmart Cheer
was born.
• DECADE OF FIRSTS:
1980s
Walmart reached $1 billion in annual scale, opened the first Sam's club and
Walmart supercenter. By the late 80s, Walmart had 276 stores and employed
over 12,000 associates. Oh, and Sam Walton did the hula on Wall street.
• A GLOBAL COMPANY:
1990s
By 1990, Walmart was the nation’s number-one retailer. As the Walmart
supercenter redefined convenience and one-stop shopping, Every day low
prices went global. In 1997, we celebrated a year that brought in $100 billon
in sales.
• NEW MILLENNIUM:
2000s
As CEO, Doug McMillon embodies the innovative spirit modeled by our
founder Sam Walton. Since acquiring jet.com in 2016, we’ve welcomed a
number of brands to the Walmart family including shoe buy, Hayneedle,
Moosejaw, mod cloth, and more. Our tech innovations are fuled by the
research team @Walmartlabs and tech incubator store 8.
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• BY THE MUMBERS
11,523 # OF WALMART STORES GLOBALLY.
VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT
• MISSION STATEMENT OF WALMART:
Walmart Inc.’s corporate mission is “to save people money so they can live
better.” This statement reflects the ideals of the company’s founder, Sam
Walton. Strategic decisions in the business are a direct manifestation of this
mission statement, which is synonymous to the retail company’s slogan, “Save
money. Live better.” Based on this corporate mission statement, it is clear that
Walmart’s business strategies and purpose involve using price as a selling
point to attract target consumers. The significance of such a selling point is
noticeable in many of the retail company’s strategies. For example, Walmart
Inc.’s marketing mix or 4P involves low prices as a strategy. Other areas of
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the company are determined by the need to minimize selling prices as a way
to achieve competitiveness to support the corporate mission statement and the
corporate vision statement.
Walmart fulfills the “save people money” component of the mission statement
through its low selling prices. For example, consumers save money by
spending less in buying goods from the company’s stores, compared to buying
the same or similar goods from midscale and high-end stores. However, it is
not yet clear if the retail firm satisfies the “live better” component of this
corporate mission. Low wages pose challenges for Walmart’s employees in
improving their lives, pointing to possible human resource management issues
in the organization. In addition, the corporate mission statement’s “live better”
component remains uncertain, as critics argue that the retail company’s largescale sales of cheap imported goods have long-term negative economic effects
on communities and small local businesses.
• VISION STATEMENT OF WALMART:
Walmart Inc.’s corporate vision is to “Be THE destination for customers to
save money, no matter how they want to shop.” This vision statement was
officially articulated in the company’s 2017 investment community meeting.
The company’s previous vision statement was “To be the best retailer in the
hearts and minds of consumers and employees.” The change in the corporate
vision reflects strategic changes that Walmart implements in response to
changes in the competitive landscape and the overall condition of the global
retail industry.
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• In the past, the company’s corporate vision was to become the top player in
the retail industry. At present, Walmart’s vision statement includes a similar
aim, but with emphasis on business flexibility in accommodating customers.
For example, the “no matter how they want to shop” component indicates the
company’s strategic objective of achieving leadership in traditional brick-andmortar transactions and in online retail or e-commerce transactions. The same
change, however, removes
“employees” as a component of Walmart’s vision statement. This shift
represents a possible reduction of strategic support for the retail giant’s
employees. Also, the shift in the corporate vision could reflect human
resource management issues, considering that employees are a major
stakeholder group relevant to Walmart’s corporate social responsibility
strategy and stakeholder management.
WALMART’S
GENERIC
COMPETATIVE
STRATEGY
AND
INTENSIVE GROWTH STRATEGIES:
Considering Michael Porter’s model for generic strategies for competitive
advantage, Walmart Inc. uses the cost leadership generic strategy. This strategy
requires that the company strive to minimize costs as a way of achieving financial
advantages, which translate to competitive advantage against other retail firms.
These advantages include attractive low selling prices and profit maximization,
which contribute to fulfilling the market leadership objectives based on
Walmart’s corporate mission statement and corporate vision statement. The retail
business implements stringent measures that reduce costs to effectively apply this
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generic strategy for competitive advantage. Thus, Walmart’s generic competitive
strategy directly relates to the corporate mission and vision statements in terms
of using low prices to make the company the shopping destination of target
consumers.
In the context of Igor Ansoff’s Growth Matrix, Walmart Inc.’s main intensive
growth strategy is market penetration. To achieve intensive growth, this strategy
involves selling more products to consumers in the company’s current markets.
For example, Walmart’s strategic objectives include selling more goods to
American consumers who shop online. The company grows its revenues through
online sales, as the e-commerce environment continues to grow. This growth
fuels the attainment of Walmart’s corporate mission statement and corporate
vision statement.
Other intensive growth strategies are involved in the business, although market
penetration has the most significant influence on the company’s growth as a
global retailer. These strategies for intensive growth relate to Walmart’s
corporate vision and mission statements in terms of reaching more customers to
achieve leadership as the primary shopping destination.
MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE:
Walmart has an organizational structure characterized by the presence of a hierarchy
and function-based groups. Since the company combines two different
organizational structures, it can be said that Walmart utilizes a matrix organizational
structure.
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This allows Walmart to operate its vast retail presence in the United States and
around the world, with approximately 10,500 stores under 46 banners in 24
countries. In fact, many similar multinational companies use this approach to deal
with multiple divisions and functional structures at the same time.
In the following sections, we’ll take a closer look at Walmart’s organizational
structure.
Hierarchical structure
Walmart utilizes the hierarchical structure which means that current CEO Doug
McMillon is the only employee without a direct superior.
Directives are sent from top-level management to regional managers, district
managers, middle managers, store managers, and store team members as required.
This allows executives to easily exert their influence on the organization and monitor
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the impacts of decisions. What’s more, the hierarchical structure allows the company
to effectively manage its more than 2.3 million associates.
Walmart has a 12-member Board of Directors with members of the founding
Walton family and other individuals. Under the Board of Directors is the
Executive Committee comprised of executives in roles such as Chief Financial
Officer, Chief Technology Officer, and Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary.
On the next level down is Senior Leadership consisting of 39 executives across a
diverse range of roles in technology, merchandising, compliance, ethics, health &
wellness, and international strategy, to name just a few.
Function-based structure
The function-based structure of Walmart is used to categorize employees according
to their particular skills and experience.
For example, function-based groups may include human resources, marketing,
customer care, and production. Each group is headed by a manager who liaises with
individual store managers to meet company objectives.
Furthermore, different Walmart store formats will be comprised of different
departments. The member-only retail warehouse Sam’s Club, for example, will
possess some functional groups that are not present in a Walmart Discount Store.
Walmart Supercenters that incorporate banks, hairdressers, nail salons, pharmacists,
restaurants, and optometrists will also incorporate several departments that are not
relevant to a standard Walmart Discount Store.
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PRODUCT PROFILE OF WALMART:
Walmart Inc (Walmart) is a retailer that operates grocery stores, supermarkets,
hypermarkets, department and discount stores, and neighborhood markets. The
company’s stores offer grocery and consumables, health and wellness, technology,
office and entertainment, hardlines, apparel and home categories at everyday low
prices. It also operates warehouse clubs, including Sam's Clubs. Walmart markets
products under various private labels and licensed brands, including Equate,
Mainstays, George, Onn, Parent’s Choice, Time and Tru, Wonder Nation, and No
Boundaries. The company offers fuel, gift cards and financial services and other
related products, including money orders, prepaid cards, money transfers, check
cashing and bill payments. It merchandises products through e-commerce portals
across the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Walmart is headquartered in Bentonville,
Arkansas, the US
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Environmental initiatives
In November 2005, Walmart announced several environmental measures to increase
energy efficiency and improve its overall environmental record, which had
previously been lacking. The company's primary goals included spending $500
million a year to increase fuel efficiency in Walmart's truck fleet by 25 percent over
three years and double it within ten; reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20 percent
in seven years; reduce energy use at stores by 30 percent; and cut solid waste from
U.S. stores and Sam's Clubs by 25 percent in three years. CEO Lee Scott said that
Walmart's goal was to be a "good steward of the environment" and ultimately use
only renewable energy sources and produce zero waste. The company also designed
three new experimental stores with wind turbines, photovoltaic solar panels, biofuelcapable boilers, water-cooled refrigerators, and xeriscape gardens. In this time,
Walmart also became the biggest seller of organic milk and the biggest buyer of
organic cotton in the world, while reducing packaging and energy costs. In 2007, the
company worked with outside consultants to discover its total environmental impact
and find areas for improvement. Walmart created its own electric company in Texas,
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Texas Retail Energy, planned to supply its stores with cheap power purchased at
wholesale prices. Through this new venture, the company expected to save $15
million annually and also to lay the groundwork and infrastructure to sell electricity
to Texas consumers in the future.
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CHAPTER 4
FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS
Walmart is a multinational retail corporation known for its vast network of stores
and diverse range of products. As a large organization, Walmart operates through
various functional departments, each with specific responsibilities and objectives.
These departments work together to ensure smooth operations, achieve business
goals, and provide a satisfying shopping experience for customers. Here are some of
the key functional departments of Walmart:
 Operations
The operations department is responsible for overseeing the day-to-day
activities of Walmart's stores. This includes managing inventory, ensuring
product availability, optimizing store layouts, and implementing efficient
processes to enhance productivity and customer service.
 Merchandising
The merchandising department focuses on product selection, pricing, and
promotion strategies. They work closely with suppliers to source high-quality
products at competitive prices and determine the assortment of items to be
offered in Walmart stores. They also plan and execute marketing campaigns
to drive sales and customer engagement.
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 Finance and Accounting
The finance and accounting department manages financial matters such as
budgeting, financial reporting, and analysis. They handle financial
transactions, track expenses, and ensure compliance with financial
regulations. This department plays a crucial role in monitoring the financial
health of the company and making strategic decisions.
 Human Resources
The human resources department is responsible for managing Walmart's
workforce. They handle recruitment, training, and development of employees,
as well as employee relations, benefits administration, and performance
management. HR professionals ensure that the company has a skilled and
motivated workforce to support its operations.
 Supply Chain and Logistics
The supply chain and logistics department focuses on the efficient movement
of products from suppliers to Walmart stores. They manage transportation,
warehousing, and distribution processes, optimizing routes and reducing
costs. This department also plays a crucial role in ensuring product quality
and timely delivery to meet customer demands.
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OPERATIONAL DEPARTMENT
A. Hierarchy of the department
These functional departments work collaboratively to support Walmart's overall
business objectives, drive growth, and maintain its position as a leading retail giant.
The operations department at Walmart has a hierarchical structure with multiple
levels of management. While the exact structure may vary based on the specific store
or region, here is a typical hierarchy within the Walmart operations department:
 Store Manager
The Store Manager is the highest-ranking position in the operations
department at a Walmart store. They are responsible for overseeing all aspects
of the store's operations, including sales, customer service, employee
management, and adherence to company policies and procedures. The Store
Manager sets the overall direction and goals for the store and ensures that they
are achieved.
 Co-Manager/Assistant Manager
Under the Store Manager, there may be one or more Co-Managers or Assistant
Managers. These individuals assist the Store Manager in managing the store's
operations. They may have specific areas of responsibility, such as inventory
management, customer service, or personnel management. Co-Managers or
Assistant Managers often act as a bridge between upper management and
front-line employees.
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 Department Managers
Within a Walmart store, there are various departments, such as grocery,
electronics, apparel, and more. Department Managers oversee the day-to-day
operations of their respective departments. They are responsible for managing
inventory, setting up displays, ensuring product availability, and supervising
department associates. Department Managers report to the Store Manager or
Assistant Manager.
 Assistant Department Managers/Supervisors
In larger departments, there may be Assistant Department Managers or
Supervisors who support the Department Manager. They assist in managing
the department's operations, delegate tasks to associates, and ensure efficient
and effective workflows. Assistant Department Managers/Supervisors report
to the Department Manager.
 Associates
Associates are the front-line employees who carry out various operational
tasks in the store. They include sales associates, cashiers, stockers, and other
positions. Associates perform tasks such as assisting customers, stocking
shelves, operating cash registers, and maintaining cleanliness in the store.
They work under the supervision of the Department Managers or Assistant
Department Managers/Supervisors.
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B. Functioning of the department
The operations department at Walmart plays a crucial role in ensuring the
smooth functioning of the company's stores and overall business operations.
Here are some key functions performed by the operations department:
 Store Operations Management
The operations department is responsible for overseeing and managing the
day-to-day activities of the store. This includes setting operational goals,
implementing standardized processes, and ensuring compliance with
company policies and procedures.
 Inventory Management
Effective inventory management is vital for Walmart's operations. The
department monitors inventory levels, tracks sales patterns, and works closely
with suppliers to ensure the availability of products on the shelves. They
utilize various inventory control methods to minimize stockouts, reduce
excess inventory, and optimize product turnover.
 Product Distribution and Logistics
The operations department manages the distribution and logistics of products
from suppliers to Walmart stores. They work closely with the supply chain
and logistics team to ensure timely and efficient delivery of goods. This
involves coordinating transportation, optimizing routes, and maintaining good
relationships with suppliers and transportation partners.
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 Store Layout and Visual Merchandising
The operations department is involved in planning and optimizing the layout
of Walmart stores. They collaborate with merchandising teams to create
effective product displays, signage, and promotional setups. The goal is to
enhance the shopping experience, promote product visibility, and drive sales.
 Customer Service and Satisfaction
Providing excellent customer service is a priority for Walmart, and the
operations department plays a role in ensuring a positive customer experience.
They train and supervise store associates to deliver exceptional service, handle
customer inquiries and complaints, and maintain high standards of cleanliness
and organization within the store.
 Quality Control and Compliance
The operations department is responsible for maintaining quality standards
across the store. They implement quality control measures to ensure that
products meet Walmart's standards and regulatory requirements. The
department also ensures compliance with health and safety regulations, as
well as internal policies related to ethical standards, data privacy, and security.
 Process Improvement and Efficiency
The operations department continuously seeks ways to improve processes and
enhance operational efficiency. They identify bottlenecks, streamline
workflows, and implement best practices to optimize productivity and reduce
costs. This may involve implementing new technologies, conducting process
audits, and providing training and support to store associates.
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 Crisis Management and Risk Mitigation
In times of crises, such as natural disasters or unforeseen events, the
operations department plays a critical role in managing the situation. They
coordinate emergency response efforts, ensure the safety of employees and
customers, and minimize disruptions to store operations. The department also
takes measures to mitigate operational risks and ensure business continuity.
C. Objectives of the department
The objectives of the operations department at Walmart are aligned with the
company's overall goals and mission. Here are some common objectives of
the operations department:
 Efficient Store Operation
The operations department aims to ensure the efficient functioning of
Walmart stores. This includes optimizing processes, reducing waste, and
improving productivity to enhance overall operational efficiency.
 Customer Satisfaction
Customer satisfaction is a key objective for the operations department. They
strive to provide a seamless and enjoyable shopping experience for customers
by maintaining well-stocked shelves, ensuring product availability, and
delivering excellent customer service.
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 Inventory Optimization
Effective inventory management is crucial for Walmart's success. The
operations department aims to optimize inventory levels, minimize stockouts,
and reduce excess inventory to ensure that products are available to meet
customer demands while minimizing holding costs.
 Cost Control and Efficiency
Controlling costs and improving efficiency are important objectives for the
operations department. They seek to identify opportunities for cost savings,
streamline processes, and implement lean practices to enhance operational
efficiency and profitability.
 Supply Chain Management
The operations department collaborates with the supply chain and logistics
team to ensure the smooth flow of products from suppliers to Walmart stores.
They work towards establishing strong relationships with suppliers,
optimizing transportation routes, and implementing effective supply chain
management practices.
 Quality Assurance
Maintaining product quality and ensuring compliance with regulatory
standards are key objectives of the operations department. They establish
quality control measures, conduct inspections, and work closely with
suppliers to ensure that products meet Walmart's quality standards.
 Employee Development and Engagement
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The operations department focuses on the development and engagement of
store associates. They aim to provide training and development opportunities,
foster a positive work environment, and ensure employee satisfaction and
retention.
 Safety and Risk Management
The operations department is responsible for maintaining a safe and secure
environment for employees and customers. They aim to implement safety
protocols, train employees on safety procedures, and mitigate operational
risks to minimize accidents and disruptions.
MERCHANDISING DEPARTMENT
A. Hierarchy of the department
The merchandising department at Walmart follows a hierarchical structure
that may vary based on the specific organization and the size of the
department. While the exact titles and levels may vary, here is a typical
hierarchy within Walmart's merchandising department:
 Chief Merchandising Officer (CMO)
The CMO is the highest-ranking position in the merchandising department.
They are responsible for overseeing all aspects of merchandising strategy and
execution at Walmart. The CMO sets the overall direction, establishes
merchandising goals, and ensures alignment with the company's objectives.
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 Senior Vice President (SVP) or Vice President (VP) of Merchandising
Reporting directly to the CMO, the SVP or VP of Merchandising holds a
senior leadership position. They provide strategic guidance, manage multiple
merchandising categories, and lead a team of directors and managers. They
work closely with cross-functional departments to drive sales, profitability,
and customer satisfaction.
 Directors
Directors within the merchandising department oversee specific product
categories or departments. They are responsible for setting category strategies,
developing assortment plans, negotiating with suppliers, and driving sales and
profitability. Directors manage a team of managers and associates, ensuring
effective execution of merchandising strategies.
 Category Managers
Category Managers work under the direction of Directors and are responsible
for managing specific product categories or subcategories. They analyze
market trends, customer data, and competitive insights to develop assortment
plans, pricing strategies, and promotional activities. Category Managers
collaborate with suppliers, monitor inventory levels, and make data-driven
decisions to maximize sales and margins.
 Assistant Category Managers/Associate Category Managers
Assistant Category Managers (ACMs) or Associate Category Managers
(ACMs) support the Category Managers in their day-to-day responsibilities.
They assist with analyzing market data, managing supplier relationships,
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coordinating product launches, and monitoring category performance.
ACMs/ACMs work closely with cross-functional teams to ensure smooth
execution of merchandising plans.
 Merchandise Planners and Allocators
Merchandise Planners and Allocators play a critical role in managing
inventory and ensuring product availability. They analyze sales data, monitor
inventory levels, and collaborate with vendors and distribution centers to
allocate products effectively to stores. They work closely with Category
Managers to optimize inventory and drive sales while minimizing stockouts
and excess inventory.
 Merchandising Associates
Merchandising Associates support the merchandising team by performing
various administrative and operational tasks. They assist with data entry,
maintain product information, coordinate vendor communication, and provide
general administrative support to ensure smooth departmental operations.
B. Functioning of the department
The merchandise department at Walmart performs several key functions to
ensure effective product selection, pricing, and promotion strategies. Here are
some of the main functions of Walmart's merchandise department:
 Product Selection and Assortment
The merchandise department is responsible for determining the product
assortment available in Walmart stores. They conduct market research,
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analyze customer preferences, and consider sales data to identify the right mix
of products to offer. This includes selecting brands, SKUs (Stock Keeping
Units), and variations within product categories to cater to customer demands.
 Supplier Management and Negotiation
The merchandise department works closely with suppliers to source products
for Walmart stores. They establish and maintain relationships with suppliers,
negotiate pricing and terms, and ensure timely delivery of goods. They
collaborate with suppliers to address quality concerns, explore new product
opportunities, and optimize the supply chain.
 Pricing and Competitive Analysis
The merchandise department sets pricing strategies for products in
coordination with the finance department. They analyze market trends,
monitor competitor pricing, and leverage data to determine competitive and
profitable pricing levels. The department collaborates with suppliers to
negotiate pricing and promotions that align with Walmart's pricing philosophy
of everyday low prices.
 Promotions and Marketing
The merchandise department plays a crucial role in planning and executing
promotional strategies to drive sales and customer engagement. They develop
promotional campaigns, create attractive product displays, and coordinate
advertising efforts. The department collaborates with the marketing team to
ensure effective communication of promotions to customers through various
channels.
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 Inventory Management
Effective inventory management is a key function of the merchandise
department. They work closely with the supply chain and operations teams to
ensure optimal inventory levels, minimize stockouts, and avoid excess
inventory. The department utilizes demand forecasting, sales data analysis,
and collaboration with suppliers to maintain the right balance of inventory in
stores.
 Seasonal and Trend Forecasting
The merchandise department closely monitors seasonal trends, customer
preferences, and market forecasts to anticipate demand for different products.
They analyze historical data, industry reports, and customer insights to
determine the appropriate product mix for each season. By staying abreast of
trends, the department ensures that Walmart offers relevant and appealing
products to its customers.
 Product Lifecycle Management
The merchandise department manages the lifecycle of products, from their
introduction to eventual discontinuation. They monitor sales performance,
gather customer feedback, and collaborate with suppliers to determine when
to introduce new products, update existing ones, or discontinue
underperforming ones. The goal is to ensure that Walmart's product offerings
are up-to-date and aligned with customer preferences.
 Vendor Compliance and Relationship Management
The merchandise department ensures that suppliers comply with Walmart's
standards and requirements. They enforce vendor compliance programs
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related to quality, safety, and ethical sourcing. The department also maintains
positive relationships with suppliers, fostering open communication and
collaboration to meet mutual business goals.
C. Objectives of the department
The merchandise department at Walmart has several objectives that guide its
operations and contribute to the overall success of the company. Here are
some key objectives of Walmart's merchandise department:
 Product Assortment Optimization
One of the primary objectives of the merchandise department is to optimize
the product assortment in Walmart stores. They aim to offer a wide range of
products that meet customer needs and preferences. The department focuses
on identifying popular products, introducing new and innovative items, and
ensuring a diverse selection that appeals to a broad customer base.
 Sales and Profitability
The merchandise department aims to drive sales and maximize profitability.
They set sales targets, develop pricing strategies, and implement effective
promotions and marketing campaigns to attract customers and boost revenue.
The department analyzes sales data, monitors product performance, and
adjusts strategies as needed to achieve sales and profit goals.
 Customer Satisfaction
Walmart places a strong emphasis on customer satisfaction, and the
merchandise department plays a crucial role in achieving this objective. They
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strive to provide a wide selection of high-quality products at affordable prices,
ensuring that customers can find what they need and have a positive shopping
experience. The department analyzes customer feedback, conducts market
research, and collaborates with suppliers to continually improve customer
satisfaction levels.
 Competitive Positioning
The merchandise department aims to maintain Walmart's competitive edge in
the retail industry. They closely monitor market trends, track competitor
strategies, and identify opportunities to differentiate Walmart's product
offerings. The department seeks to provide unique and exclusive products,
competitive pricing, and compelling promotions to position Walmart as a
preferred choice for customers.
 Inventory Management
Effective inventory management is a key objective of the merchandise
department. They strive to optimize inventory levels, minimize stockouts, and
reduce excess inventory. By maintaining the right balance of inventory, the
department ensures that products are readily available for customers while
minimizing holding costs and maximizing inventory turnover.
 Supplier Collaboration and Performance
The merchandise department works closely with suppliers to achieve mutual
success. They aim to foster strong relationships with suppliers, promote
collaboration, and ensure that suppliers meet Walmart's quality, sustainability,
and ethical standards. The department monitors supplier performance,
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negotiates favorable terms, and works with suppliers to address any issues that
may arise.
 Seasonal and Trend Responsiveness
The merchandise department aims to stay ahead of seasonal and industry
trends. They monitor market trends, analyze sales data, and anticipate
customer preferences to offer relevant products at the right time. By being
responsive to seasonal demands and emerging trends, the department
maximizes sales opportunities and keeps Walmart's product offerings fresh
and appealing.
 Continuous Improvement
The merchandise department is committed to continuous improvement in all
aspects of its operations. They analyze data, seek feedback from customers
and associates, and implement process enhancements to drive operational
efficiency and effectiveness. The department embraces innovation, explores
new technologies, and adopts best practices to continually enhance its
merchandising strategies.
FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT
A. Hierarchy of the department
The merchandise department at Walmart has several objectives that guide its
operations and contribute to the overall success of the company. Here are
some key objectives of Walmart's merchandise department:
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 Product Assortment Optimization
One of the primary objectives of the merchandise department is to optimize
the product assortment in Walmart stores. They aim to offer a wide range of
products that meet customer needs and preferences. The department focuses
on identifying popular products, introducing new and innovative items, and
ensuring a diverse selection that appeals to a broad customer base.
 Sales and Profitability
The merchandise department aims to drive sales and maximize profitability.
They set sales targets, develop pricing strategies, and implement effective
promotions and marketing campaigns to attract customers and boost revenue.
The department analyzes sales data, monitors product performance, and
adjusts strategies as needed to achieve sales and profit goals.
 Customer Satisfaction
Walmart places a strong emphasis on customer satisfaction, and the
merchandise department plays a crucial role in achieving this objective. They
strive to provide a wide selection of high-quality products at affordable prices,
ensuring that customers can find what they need and have a positive shopping
experience. The department analyzes customer feedback, conducts market
research, and collaborates with suppliers to continually improve customer
satisfaction levels.
 Competitive Positioning
The merchandise department aims to maintain Walmart's competitive edge in
the retail industry. They closely monitor market trends, track competitor
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strategies, and identify opportunities to differentiate Walmart's product
offerings. The department seeks to provide unique and exclusive products,
competitive pricing, and compelling promotions to position Walmart as a
preferred choice for customers.
 Inventory Management
Effective inventory management is a key objective of the merchandise
department. They strive to optimize inventory levels, minimize stockouts, and
reduce excess inventory. By maintaining the right balance of inventory, the
department ensures that products are readily available for customers while
minimizing holding costs and maximizing inventory turnover.
 Supplier Collaboration and Performance
The merchandise department works closely with suppliers to achieve mutual
success. They aim to foster strong relationships with suppliers, promote
collaboration, and ensure that suppliers meet Walmart's quality, sustainability,
and ethical standards. The department monitors supplier performance,
negotiates favorable terms, and works with suppliers to address any issues that
may arise.
 Seasonal and Trend Responsiveness
The merchandise department aims to stay ahead of seasonal and industry
trends. They monitor market trends, analyze sales data, and anticipate
customer preferences to offer relevant products at the right time. By being
responsive to seasonal demands and emerging trends, the department
maximizes sales opportunities and keeps Walmart's product offerings fresh
and appealing.
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 Continuous Improvement
The merchandise department is committed to continuous improvement in all
aspects of its operations. They analyze data, seek feedback from customers
and associates, and implement process enhancements to drive operational
efficiency and effectiveness. The department embraces innovation, explores
new technologies, and adopts best practices to continually enhance its
merchandising strategies.
B. Functioning of the department
The finance and accounting department at Walmart performs several key
functions that are essential to the financial management of the company. Here
are some of the main functions of Walmart's finance and accounting
department:
 Financial Planning and Analysis
The finance and accounting department is responsible for financial planning,
budgeting, and forecasting. They analyze financial data, assess business
performance, and provide insights and recommendations to support strategic
decision-making. The department collaborates with other departments to
develop financial plans and ensure alignment with organizational goals.
 Financial Reporting and Compliance
The finance and accounting department prepares and analyzes financial
statements and reports to communicate the company's financial performance.
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They ensure compliance with accounting principles, regulations, and
reporting standards. The department also coordinates external audits and
ensures accurate and timely financial reporting to stakeholders, including
shareholders, regulatory agencies, and management.
 Financial Operations
The finance and accounting department manages day-to-day financial
operations, including accounts payable, accounts receivable, and cash
management. They process invoices, payments, and receipts, ensure accurate
recording of financial transactions, and maintain proper controls to safeguard
company assets. The department also manages banking relationships, cash
flow forecasting, and liquidity management.
 Taxation and Compliance
The finance and accounting department handles tax planning, compliance, and
reporting. They stay up to date with tax laws and regulations, calculate and
file tax returns, and manage tax-related audits and inquiries. The department
works closely with external tax advisors and tax authorities to ensure proper
adherence to tax requirements and optimize tax strategies.
 Financial Risk Management
The finance and accounting department identifies, assesses, and manages
financial risks faced by the company. They monitor market conditions, assess
credit risks, and implement risk mitigation strategies. The department
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evaluates financial contracts, manages insurance policies, and ensures
compliance with risk management policies and procedures.
 Capital Investment Analysis
The finance and accounting department evaluates investment opportunities
and conducts financial analysis to support capital allocation decisions. They
assess the financial feasibility of potential investments, calculate return on
investment, and provide financial insights for strategic projects and initiatives.
The department assists in evaluating potential mergers and acquisitions and
conducts due diligence activities.
 Treasury Management
The finance and accounting department manages cash and liquidity, optimizes
working capital, and ensures efficient use of financial resources. They monitor
cash flow, maintain banking relationships, and manage debt and capital
structure. The department also oversees foreign exchange risk management
and hedging activities.
 Internal Controls and Audit
The finance and accounting department establishes and maintains internal
controls to safeguard assets, ensure accurate financial reporting, and prevent
fraud. They conduct internal audits to assess compliance with policies and
procedures, identify control weaknesses, and recommend improvements. The
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department works closely with internal audit teams and external auditors to
maintain strong control environments.
C. Objectives of the department
The finance and accounting department at Walmart has several objectives that
guide its operations and contribute to the overall success of the company. Here
are some key objectives of Walmart's finance and accounting department:
 Financial Accuracy and Integrity
One of the primary objectives of the finance and accounting department is to
ensure the accuracy and integrity of financial information. They strive to
maintain proper accounting practices, adhere to regulatory standards, and
provide reliable financial data for decision-making purposes. The department
aims to minimize errors, omissions, and misstatements in financial reporting.
 Timely Financial Reporting
The finance and accounting department aims to provide timely financial
reporting to internal and external stakeholders. They ensure that financial
statements, reports, and disclosures are prepared and delivered within the
required timeframes, allowing stakeholders to make informed decisions based
on up-to-date financial information.
 Compliance with Regulations and Standards
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The department is responsible for ensuring compliance with financial
regulations, accounting standards, and applicable laws. They stay up to date
with changes in accounting practices and regulatory requirements, assess the
impact on Walmart's financial operations, and implement necessary changes
to maintain compliance.
 Effective Financial Planning and Analysis
The finance and accounting department plays a key role in financial planning
and analysis. They aim to provide accurate financial forecasts, budgeting, and
analysis to support decision-making at all levels of the organization. The
department helps identify opportunities for cost optimization, revenue growth,
and improved profitability through financial analysis and scenario planning.
 Risk Management
The finance and accounting department actively manages financial risks to
protect Walmart's assets and financial interests. They identify, assess, and
mitigate risks related to liquidity, credit, market fluctuations, and compliance.
The department implements risk management strategies, policies, and
controls to minimize exposure to financial risks.
 Cost Management and Efficiency
The department focuses on effective cost management and operational
efficiency. They work to optimize financial processes, streamline financial
operations, and reduce costs wherever possible. The finance and accounting
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department identifies opportunities for cost savings, monitors expenses, and
supports cost-conscious decision-making across the organization.
 Strategic Financial Decision Support
The finance and accounting department aims to provide strategic financial
decision support to Walmart's leadership team. They contribute to strategic
initiatives by conducting financial analysis, evaluating investment
opportunities, and assessing the financial impact of business decisions. The
department helps align financial goals with the overall strategic objectives of
the company.
 Stakeholder Collaboration
The finance and accounting department collaborates with various internal and
external stakeholders. They work closely with cross-functional teams,
business partners, auditors, and regulatory authorities to ensure effective
communication, collaboration, and coordination on financial matters. The
department fosters strong relationships to support the achievement of common
financial objectives.
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
A. Hierarchy of the department
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The human resources (HR) department at Walmart follows a hierarchical structure
that may vary based on the specific organization and the size of the department.
While the exact titles and levels may vary, here is a typical hierarchy within
Walmart's HR department:
 Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO)
The CHRO is the highest-ranking position in the HR department. They are
responsible for overseeing all HR functions and strategies at Walmart. The
CHRO provides leadership and guidance to the HR team, ensures alignment
with business goals, and plays a critical role in shaping the company's culture
and talent management strategies.
 Senior Vice President (SVP) or Vice President (VP) of Human Resources
Reporting directly to the CHRO, the SVP or VP of Human Resources holds a
senior leadership position. They provide strategic direction and oversight for
the HR department, develop HR policies and programs, and collaborate with
other business leaders to drive organizational effectiveness through human
capital management.
 Directors
Directors within the HR department oversee specific functional areas or
teams. They may be responsible for areas such as talent acquisition, talent
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management, compensation and benefits, employee relations, learning and
development, HR operations, or diversity and inclusion. Directors provide
guidance, set objectives, and ensure the execution of HR strategies and
initiatives within their respective areas of expertise.
 Managers/Assistant Directors
Managers or Assistant Directors work under the supervision of Directors and
oversee specific teams or projects within the HR department. They are
responsible for day-to-day operations, managing a team of HR professionals,
and implementing HR programs and initiatives. They collaborate with other
managers and senior leaders to support the overall HR strategy.
 HR Business Partners
HR Business Partners are responsible for aligning HR strategies and practices
with the needs of specific business units or departments within Walmart. They
work closely with business leaders, providing guidance on HR matters, talent
management, performance management, and organizational development.
HR Business Partners serve as a bridge between the HR department and the
business, ensuring effective HR support and fostering a positive work
environment.
 HR Specialists/Generalists
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HR Specialists or Generalists are responsible for providing HR support and
services to employees and managers. They handle a range of HR activities,
including
employee
relations,
performance
management,
employee
engagement, HR policy interpretation, and HR system administration. They
serve as the main point of contact for HR-related inquiries and provide
guidance on HR policies and procedures.
 HR Associates/Coordinators
HR Associates or Coordinators provide administrative support to the HR
department. They assist with tasks such as HR record-keeping, data entry,
employee onboarding, benefits administration, and HR program coordination.
They may also assist in recruitment activities, scheduling interviews, and
maintaining HR-related documentation.
B. Functioning of the department
The human resources (HR) department at Walmart performs a variety of
functions that are essential for managing and supporting the organization's
workforce. Here are some of the key functions of Walmart's HR department:
 Talent Acquisition: The HR department is responsible for attracting and
selecting qualified candidates to fill job openings at Walmart. They develop
recruitment strategies, create job postings, review applications, conduct
interviews, and make hiring decisions. The department collaborates with
hiring managers and works to ensure a diverse and inclusive workforce.
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 Onboarding and Orientation: The HR department facilitates the onboarding
process for new hires. They provide orientation sessions to familiarize
employees with Walmart's culture, policies, and procedures. The department
ensures that new employees have the necessary tools and resources to succeed
in their roles and contribute to the organization's success.
 Employee Relations: The HR department plays a crucial role in managing
employee relations and fostering a positive work environment. They handle
employee inquiries, address concerns or grievances, and promote effective
communication between employees and management. The department
ensures compliance with labor laws and company policies and provides
guidance on disciplinary actions and conflict resolution.
 Performance Management: The HR department supports performance
management processes at Walmart. They develop performance evaluation
systems, provide training on goal setting and performance feedback, and
facilitate performance discussions between managers and employees. The
department promotes a performance-driven culture and supports the
development of employees' skills and competencies.
 Compensation and Benefits: The HR department manages compensation
and benefits programs for Walmart employees. They ensure that employee
compensation is competitive and aligned with market trends. The department
administers payroll, manages employee benefits, such as healthcare,
retirement plans, and employee assistance programs, and provides guidance
on compensation and benefits-related inquiries.
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 Learning and Development: The HR department is responsible for employee
learning and development initiatives. They identify training needs, develop
training programs, and provide resources for employees to enhance their skills
and knowledge. The department supports career development, talent
management, and succession planning activities to ensure a skilled and
capable workforce.
 Employee Engagement and Recognition: The HR department focuses on
promoting employee engagement and recognition at Walmart. They develop
programs and initiatives to foster a positive work culture, promote employee
well-being, and enhance employee morale. The department may organize
employee events, implement employee recognition programs, and solicit
employee feedback through surveys and focus groups.
 HR Policy Development and Compliance: The HR department develops and
updates HR policies and procedures to ensure compliance with employment
laws and regulations. They communicate policies to employees, provide
guidance on policy interpretation, and ensure consistent application across the
organization. The department also stays abreast of changes in employment
laws and proactively addresses compliance requirements.
 HR Data Management and Reporting: The HR department manages
employee data and HR systems to ensure accurate and up-to-date records.
They generate HR reports and analytics to support decision-making, monitor
HR metrics, and provide insights into workforce trends and performance. The
department maintains confidentiality and security of employee information.
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 HR Strategy and Planning: The HR department contributes to the overall
strategic planning process at Walmart. They align HR strategies with business
objectives, develop workforce planning strategies, and provide insights on
talent acquisition, retention, and development. The department collaborates
with business leaders to support organizational goals and drive HR initiatives.
C. Objectives of the department
The human resources (HR) department at Walmart has several objectives that guide
its operations and contribute to the overall success of the organization. Here are some
key objectives of Walmart's HR department:
 Talent Acquisition
The HR department aims to attract and hire top talent for Walmart. The
objective is to identify and recruit individuals who possess the skills,
qualifications, and cultural fit necessary to contribute to the organization's
success. The department strives to build a diverse and inclusive workforce.
 Employee Development and Engagement
The HR department focuses on developing and engaging employees at all
levels. The objective is to provide opportunities for skill enhancement, career
growth, and continuous learning. The department aims to foster a positive
work environment that promotes employee satisfaction, motivation, and
engagement.
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 Performance Management
The HR department aims to establish a performance-driven culture at
Walmart. The objective is to align employee performance with organizational
goals and objectives. The department develops performance evaluation
systems, provides feedback and coaching to employees, and supports the
development of performance improvement plans.
 Compensation and Benefits
The HR department strives to establish competitive and equitable
compensation and benefits programs. The objective is to ensure that
employees are fairly compensated for their contributions and that their
benefits meet their needs. The department regularly reviews and adjusts
compensation structures to remain competitive in the market.
 Employee Relations
The HR department focuses on maintaining positive employee relations and
resolving conflicts effectively. The objective is to create a supportive work
environment where employees feel valued, heard, and respected. The
department aims to address employee concerns and grievances promptly and
fairly, promoting open communication and trust.
 Compliance and Risk Management
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The HR department aims to ensure compliance with employment laws,
regulations, and company policies. The objective is to minimize legal risks
and protect the organization's reputation. The department stays up to date with
employment laws, implements policies and procedures to ensure compliance,
and provides training and guidance to employees and managers.
 HR Technology and Data Management
The HR department aims to leverage technology to enhance HR processes and
data management. The objective is to streamline HR operations, improve
efficiency, and provide accurate and timely HR information. The department
utilizes HR systems and analytics to support decision-making and strategic
planning.
 Organizational Culture and Values
The HR department works to promote Walmart's organizational culture and
values. The objective is to reinforce a culture of integrity, inclusivity, and
respect throughout the organization. The department develops initiatives,
programs, and policies that align with Walmart's values and contribute to a
positive work environment.
 Leadership Development
The HR department focuses on developing and nurturing leadership
capabilities within the organization. The objective is to identify and develop
future leaders who can drive Walmart's success. The department provides
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leadership training, coaching, and succession planning support to ensure a
robust leadership pipeline.
 HR Strategy and Alignment
The HR department aims to align HR strategies with Walmart's overall
business strategies and objectives. The objective is to ensure that HR
initiatives and programs support the organization's strategic goals. The
department collaborates with business leaders, understands their needs, and
provides HR guidance and support to drive business results.
SUPPLY CHAIN AND LOGISTICS DEPARTMENT
A. Hierarchy of the department
The supply chain and logistics department at Walmart follows a hierarchical
structure that may vary based on the specific organization and the size of the
department. While the exact titles and levels may vary, here is a typical hierarchy
within Walmart's supply chain and logistics department:
 Chief Supply Chain Officer (CSCO)
The CSCO is the highest-ranking position in the supply chain and logistics
department. They are responsible for overseeing all supply chain operations and
strategies at Walmart. The CSCO provides leadership and guidance to the
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department, ensures alignment with business goals, and drives continuous
improvement in supply chain efficiency and effectiveness.
 Senior Vice President (SVP) or Vice President (VP) of Supply Chain:
Reporting directly to the CSCO, the SVP or VP of Supply Chain holds a senior
leadership position. They provide strategic direction and oversight for the supply
chain and logistics department. They develop and execute supply chain strategies,
drive innovation and optimization initiatives, and collaborate with other business
leaders to achieve supply chain excellence.
 Directors
Directors within the supply chain and logistics department oversee specific
functional areas or teams. They may be responsible for areas such as demand
planning, inventory management, transportation, warehousing, distribution, or
procurement. Directors provide guidance, set objectives, and ensure the execution
of supply chain strategies and initiatives within their respective areas of expertise.
 Managers/Assistant Directors
Managers or Assistant Directors work under the supervision of Directors and
oversee specific teams or projects within the supply chain and logistics department.
They are responsible for day-to-day operations, managing a team of supply chain
professionals, and implementing supply chain programs and initiatives. They
collaborate with other managers and senior leaders to drive operational efficiency
and ensure effective supply chain management.
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 Supply Chain Analysts/Coordinators
Supply Chain Analysts or Coordinators provide analytical support and assist in the
coordination of supply chain activities. They collect and analyze supply chain data,
create reports, support decision-making processes, and assist in the execution of
supply chain plans. They may also handle administrative tasks related to supply
chain operations.
 Planners
Planners are responsible for demand planning and forecasting. They analyze
historical sales data, market trends, and customer insights to determine product
demand, optimize inventory levels, and develop accurate forecasts. Planners
collaborate with suppliers, operations teams, and other stakeholders to ensure the
availability of products and manage inventory effectively.
 Procurement Specialists
Procurement Specialists handle the procurement and sourcing of goods and services
for Walmart. They identify reliable suppliers, negotiate contracts, monitor supplier
performance, and ensure timely delivery of goods. They work closely with vendors,
internal stakeholders, and cross-functional teams to optimize procurement processes
and drive cost savings.
 Warehouse and Distribution Managers
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Warehouse and Distribution Managers oversee the management of Walmart's
warehouses and distribution centers. They are responsible for ensuring efficient
storage, inventory control, order fulfillment, and timely delivery of products to stores
or customers. They manage logistics operations, coordinate transportation activities,
and implement best practices to optimize warehouse and distribution processes.
 Transportation Managers
Transportation Managers focus on managing Walmart's transportation network.
They oversee the planning, routing, and execution of transportation operations,
whether by road, rail, air, or sea. They collaborate with carriers, monitor
transportation performance, manage freight costs, and ensure on-time and costeffective delivery of goods.
 Logistics Operations Associates
Logistics Operations Associates provide support in the day-to-day logistics
operations. They handle tasks such as coordinating shipments, managing
documentation, tracking inventory, and assisting with logistics-related inquiries.
They work closely with other supply chain and logistics team members to ensure
smooth operations.
B. Functioning of the department
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The supply chain and logistics department at Walmart performs a range of functions
to ensure the smooth flow of products and materials from suppliers to customers.
Here are some key functions of Walmart's supply chain and logistics department:
 Demand Planning
The supply chain and logistics department collaborates with various
stakeholders, including sales, marketing, and procurement, to forecast and
plan product demand. They analyze historical sales data, market trends, and
customer insights to develop accurate demand forecasts, which drive
inventory management and production planning decisions.
 Inventory Management
The department is responsible for managing inventory levels across Walmart's
supply chain network. They optimize inventory levels to meet customer
demand while minimizing carrying costs. This involves monitoring inventory
levels, implementing replenishment strategies, and coordinating with
suppliers and distribution centers to ensure sufficient stock availability.
 Supplier Management
The supply chain and logistics department works closely with suppliers to
manage the sourcing, procurement, and relationship management processes.
They identify reliable suppliers, negotiate contracts, monitor supplier
performance, and collaborate on cost-saving initiatives. Effective supplier
management is critical for ensuring a consistent supply of quality products.
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 Transportation and Freight Management
The department oversees the transportation and freight management
operations at Walmart. They coordinate with carriers, manage shipping
routes, optimize freight costs, and track shipments to ensure timely and
efficient delivery of goods. This includes selecting transportation modes,
managing carrier relationships, and monitoring transportation performance.
 Warehouse and Distribution Management
The supply chain and logistics department is responsible for the management
of Walmart's warehouses and distribution centers. They ensure efficient
storage, handling, and movement of products within these facilities. This
involves optimizing warehouse layouts, implementing inventory management
systems, and coordinating with cross-functional teams to meet customer
demands.
 Order Fulfillment and Customer Service
The department ensures that customer orders are fulfilled accurately and on
time. They coordinate order processing, picking, packing, and shipping
activities to meet customer expectations. They also manage customer
inquiries, address order-related issues, and strive to provide excellent
customer service throughout the order fulfillment process.
 Supply Chain Analytics
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The supply chain and logistics department leverages data and analytics to gain
insights into supply chain performance and identify improvement
opportunities. They analyze key performance indicators (KPIs), track
operational metrics, and use data-driven approaches to optimize processes,
reduce costs, and enhance overall supply chain efficiency.
 Continuous Improvement
The department focuses on continuous improvement initiatives to drive
operational excellence in the supply chain. They identify areas for process
optimization, cost reduction, and waste elimination. They implement lean
methodologies, such as Six Sigma and Kaizen, to streamline processes,
improve productivity, and enhance overall supply chain performance.
 Risk Management and Compliance
The supply chain and logistics department assesses and manages risks
associated with the supply chain operations. They identify potential
disruptions, develop contingency plans, and ensure compliance with
regulatory requirements. They also collaborate with other departments to
implement sustainability initiatives and promote responsible supply chain
practices.
 Collaboration and Stakeholder Management
The department works collaboratively with internal and external stakeholders
to achieve supply chain goals. They collaborate with suppliers, vendors, and
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transportation partners to build strong relationships and ensure alignment with
Walmart's objectives. They also collaborate with other departments, such as
merchandising and finance, to align strategies and drive cross-functional
initiatives.
C. Objectives of the department
The supply chain and logistics department at Walmart has several key
objectives that guide its operations and contribute to the overall success of the
organization's supply chain. Here are some of the main objectives of Walmart's
supply chain and logistics department:
 Efficient and Cost-Effective Operations
The department aims to ensure the efficient and cost-effective management of
the supply chain network. This involves optimizing processes, reducing
waste, and minimizing costs across the entire supply chain, from sourcing to
distribution. The objective is to improve operational efficiency, increase
productivity, and deliver value to customers at competitive prices.
 On-Time and Accurate Deliveries
The department strives to achieve on-time and accurate deliveries of products
to Walmart stores, distribution centers, and customers. The objective is to
ensure that products are available when and where they are needed, meeting
customer demands and minimizing stockouts. This includes coordinating
transportation, managing inventory levels, and implementing effective order
fulfillment processes.
 Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Management
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The supply chain and logistics department aims to build a resilient supply
chain that can effectively respond to disruptions and mitigate risks. The
objective is to identify and manage risks associated with supply chain
operations, such as disruptions in transportation, natural disasters, or supplier
issues. This includes developing contingency plans, building supplier
partnerships, and implementing risk mitigation strategies.
 Customer Service and Satisfaction
The department focuses on delivering excellent customer service and
satisfaction through the supply chain. The objective is to meet customer
expectations regarding product availability, delivery times, and order
accuracy. This involves optimizing order fulfillment processes, addressing
customer inquiries and issues promptly, and continuously improving
customer-centric practices.
 Collaboration and Partnership Development
The supply chain and logistics department aims to foster collaboration and
develop strong partnerships with suppliers, carriers, and other stakeholders.
The objective is to build mutually beneficial relationships that promote
efficiency, innovation, and shared success. This includes collaborating on
supply chain planning, implementing collaborative forecasting and
replenishment practices, and driving continuous improvement initiatives
together.
 Sustainability and Responsible Practices
The department strives to promote sustainability and responsible practices
throughout the supply chain. The objective is to minimize the environmental
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impact of supply chain operations, reduce waste, and promote ethical sourcing
and manufacturing practices. This includes implementing sustainable
packaging, promoting responsible sourcing, and collaborating with suppliers
to improve sustainability practices.
 Continuous Improvement and Innovation
The supply chain and logistics department aims to drive continuous
improvement and innovation within the supply chain network. The objective
is to identify opportunities for process optimization, cost reduction, and
enhanced performance. This includes leveraging technology, data analytics,
and industry best practices to drive innovation, improve operational
efficiency, and stay ahead of market trends.
 Compliance and Ethical Standards
The department ensures compliance with legal and regulatory requirements,
as well as Walmart's ethical standards, throughout the supply chain. The
objective is to uphold high standards of integrity, transparency, and social
responsibility. This includes monitoring supplier compliance, implementing
fair labor practices, and promoting ethical conduct across the supply chain.
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SWOT ANALYSIS OF EACH DEPARTMENT
A. OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT
 Strengths:
Efficient Supply Chain Management
Walmart's operations department is known for its strong supply chain management
capabilities. The company has a vast network of distribution centers and strategically
located stores, allowing for efficient product sourcing, inventory management, and
timely delivery to customers. This strength contributes to Walmart's ability to offer
a wide range of products and maintain competitive pricing.
Advanced Technology Integration
The operations department at Walmart has successfully integrated advanced
technologies into its processes. Automation, data analytics, and inventory
management systems help optimize operations, reduce costs, and improve overall
efficiency. By leveraging technology, Walmart can track inventory levels accurately,
forecast demand, and streamline logistical operations, leading to improved customer
satisfaction and profitability.
 Weaknesses:
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Labor-related Challenges
Walmart has faced criticism and legal challenges related to its labor practices. Issues
such as low wages, employee dissatisfaction, and labor disputes have been raised by
workers' rights advocates and unions. Addressing these challenges is crucial to
improving the overall work environment within the operations department and
enhancing employee morale.
Sustainability Concerns
The operations department at Walmart faces scrutiny regarding its environmental
impact and sustainability practices. The company's large-scale operations, including
energy consumption, waste generation, and carbon emissions, contribute to
environmental concerns. Walmart needs to focus on implementing sustainable
practices, such as reducing energy usage, minimizing waste, and promoting ecofriendly packaging, to address these weaknesses and improve its reputation in terms
of sustainability.
 Opportunities:
E-commerce Expansion
The operations department can seize the opportunity to further expand Walmart's ecommerce capabilities. With the growing trend of online shopping, Walmart can
invest in enhancing its online platform, improving delivery logistics, and leveraging
its extensive store network for efficient order fulfillment. By capitalizing on e-
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commerce growth, Walmart can reach a larger customer base and increase market
share.
Technological Advancements
The rapid advancements in technology present opportunities for the operations
department to enhance its processes. Embracing innovations such as artificial
intelligence, machine learning, and Internet of Things (IoT) can improve inventory
management accuracy, optimize supply chain operations, and enable predictive
analytics for better demand forecasting. By staying at the forefront of technology,
Walmart can gain a competitive advantage and improve operational efficiency.
 Threats:
Intense Competition
The retail industry is highly competitive, and Walmart faces fierce competition from
both brick-and-mortar retailers and e-commerce giants. Competitors with similar
operational strengths and aggressive pricing strategies can pose a threat to Walmart's
market share and profitability. Continuous monitoring of the competitive landscape
and adapting to changing consumer preferences is essential to mitigate this threat.
Changing Consumer Preferences
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Consumer preferences and shopping behaviors are continually evolving. Shifts
towards online shopping, increased demand for sustainability, and preferences for
personalized experiences present challenges for Walmart's operations department.
Adapting to these changing trends and effectively meeting customer expectations
are critical to retaining market share and remaining competitive.
B. MERCHANDISING DEPARTMENT
 Strengths:
Extensive Product Selection: Walmart's merchandising department offers a wide
range of products across various categories, including groceries, household goods,
electronics, apparel, and more. The department's strength lies in its ability to provide
customers with a diverse selection of products, catering to different customer needs
and preferences.
Strong Supplier Relationships: Walmart has established strong relationships with
a vast network of suppliers and vendors. This allows the merchandising department
to negotiate favorable terms, secure competitive pricing, and maintain a consistent
supply of products. These strong supplier relationships contribute to Walmart's
ability to offer competitive prices to customers.
 Weaknesses:
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Limited Product Differentiation: While Walmart offers a wide range of products,
it may sometimes face challenges in terms of product differentiation. Some
customers perceive Walmart's merchandise as generic or lacking unique features
compared to specialized retailers. The department needs to focus on offering
exclusive or innovative products to enhance its competitiveness in the market.
Inventory Management Complexities: With a vast product range and multiple
store locations, Walmart's merchandising department faces complexities in
managing inventory effectively. Balancing stock levels, avoiding overstocking or
understocking, and optimizing replenishment processes across different product
categories and store locations can be challenging. Streamlining inventory
management processes and leveraging advanced technology solutions can help
address these weaknesses.
 Opportunities:
E-commerce Growth: The merchandising department can capitalize on the growth
of e-commerce by expanding Walmart's online presence and enhancing the digital
shopping experience. Developing a user-friendly website, offering convenient
delivery options, and leveraging data analytics to personalize recommendations can
attract more online shoppers and increase sales.
Private Label Expansion: Walmart has the opportunity to expand its private label
offerings. By developing and promoting exclusive brands, the merchandising
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department can improve profit margins, differentiate Walmart's product range, and
build customer loyalty. Investing in private label development and marketing can be
a strategic move to capture additional market share.
 Threats:
Intense Competition: The retail industry is highly competitive, and Walmart faces
strong competition from other retailers, both brick-and-mortar and online.
Competitors with similar product offerings and pricing strategies can pose a threat
to Walmart's market share. Continuously monitoring the competitive landscape and
adapting to changing consumer preferences are crucial to mitigating this threat.
Shifts in Consumer Behavior: Changing consumer preferences and shopping
behaviors can pose challenges to the merchandising department. For example,
increasing consumer demand for sustainable and eco-friendly products requires
Walmart to adjust its product selection and sourcing practices. Keeping up with
evolving consumer trends and preferences is essential to remain relevant and meet
customer expectations.
C. FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT
 Strengths:
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Financial Stability
Walmart is a financially stable organization with a strong balance sheet and solid
revenue streams. This financial stability provides a solid foundation for the Finance
and Accounting department to effectively manage the company's finances, make
strategic financial decisions, and support Walmart's overall business operations.
Extensive Financial Expertise
The Finance and Accounting department at Walmart possesses a high level of
financial expertise and experience. The department comprises professionals skilled
in financial analysis, reporting, budgeting, taxation, and compliance. This expertise
allows the department to effectively handle complex financial matters and ensure
accurate financial reporting.
 Weaknesses:
Large-scale Operations Complexity
Due to Walmart's extensive operations, the Finance and Accounting department may
face complexities in managing financial processes across multiple locations,
divisions, and subsidiaries. This includes consolidating financial data, coordinating
financial activities, and maintaining uniform financial policies and procedures.
Streamlining these processes and implementing standardized systems can help
address these weaknesses.
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Dependence on Legacy Systems
Walmart may face challenges related to outdated or legacy financial systems, which
can limit the efficiency and agility of the Finance and Accounting department. These
systems may not fully meet the evolving needs of the organization and may require
significant maintenance efforts. Upgrading and modernizing these systems can
enhance the department's capabilities and improve efficiency.
 Opportunities:
Strategic Financial Planning
The Finance and Accounting department can play a critical role in strategic financial
planning to support Walmart's growth and expansion initiatives. By analyzing
market trends, financial data, and investment opportunities, the department can
contribute to informed decision-making and help allocate resources effectively.
Digital Transformation
The ongoing digital transformation presents opportunities for the Finance and
Accounting department to leverage technology for improved financial processes and
reporting. Adopting advanced financial management systems, automation tools, and
data analytics can streamline financial operations, enhance efficiency, and provide
valuable insights for decision-making.
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 Threats:
Regulatory Compliance
The Finance and Accounting department must navigate complex and evolving
regulatory frameworks. Non-compliance with financial regulations, tax laws, or
accounting standards can lead to legal and reputational risks. Ensuring strict
adherence to regulations and staying updated with changes is essential to mitigate
these threats.
Economic Volatility
Walmart's Finance and Accounting department is exposed to the risks associated
with economic fluctuations, including changes in interest rates, currency exchange
rates, and market conditions. These factors can impact Walmart's financial
performance, profitability, and financial decision-making. Implementing risk
management strategies and conducting scenario planning can help mitigate the
effects of economic volatility.
D. HUMAN RESOURSES DEPARTMENT
 Strengths:
Talent Acquisition and Recruitment
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Walmart's HR department has the capability to attract and recruit a large pool of
talented individuals across various job levels and functions. The department utilizes
effective recruitment strategies, including online job portals, career fairs, and
partnerships with educational institutions, to ensure a steady supply of qualified
candidates.
Employee Training and Development
Walmart's HR department focuses on providing comprehensive training and
development programs to enhance employee skills and capabilities. The department
invests in various training initiatives, including on-the-job training, leadership
development programs, and continuous learning opportunities. This strengthens
employee performance, engagement, and career progression within the organization.
 Weaknesses:
Labor Relations Challenges
Walmart has faced criticism and legal challenges related to labor relations and
employee satisfaction. Issues such as low wages, limited benefits, and labor disputes
have been raised by workers' rights advocates and unions. Addressing these
challenges and improving labor relations are areas where the HR department needs
to focus on to enhance employee morale and job satisfaction.
Employee Retention
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The HR department may face challenges in retaining high-performing employees,
particularly in highly competitive job markets. The retail industry is known for high
turnover rates, and Walmart is not an exception. The department needs to develop
effective strategies to improve employee retention, including offering competitive
compensation and benefits, creating a positive work environment, and providing
growth opportunities.
 Opportunities:
Diversity and Inclusion
The HR department can leverage the opportunity to further enhance Walmart's
diversity and inclusion initiatives. By promoting a diverse workforce and fostering
an inclusive culture, Walmart can benefit from diverse perspectives, improve
employee engagement, and better connect with its diverse customer base.
Implementing diversity recruitment programs, fostering inclusivity training, and
establishing employee resource groups are ways to seize this opportunity.
Workforce Planning and Succession Management
Walmart's HR department has the opportunity to focus on strategic workforce
planning and succession management. This involves identifying key positions,
assessing future talent needs, and developing a pipeline of internal candidates for
critical roles. By proactively planning for future talent requirements, the HR
department can ensure continuity and minimize disruptions in key positions.
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 Threats:
Competitive Labor Market
The HR department faces competition for talent from other retailers and industries.
Attracting and retaining skilled employees can be challenging due to market demand
and the attractiveness of competing job opportunities. Walmart needs to
continuously adapt its talent acquisition and retention strategies to effectively
compete in the labor market.
Evolving Labor Regulations
Changes in labor laws and regulations pose a threat to the HR department's
operations. Compliance with evolving labor regulations, such as minimum wage
requirements and employment laws, requires ongoing monitoring and timely
adjustments to policies and practices. Failure to comply with labor regulations can
result in legal and reputational risks for Walmart.
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E. HUMAN RESOURSES DEPARTMENT
 Strengths:
Extensive Distribution Network
Walmart's Supply Chain and Logistics Department benefits from an extensive
distribution network comprising distribution centers, warehouses, and transportation
systems. This allows for efficient and timely movement of products from suppliers
to stores, ensuring product availability and meeting customer demands.
Advanced Technology Integration
The department leverages advanced technologies, such as data analytics, inventory
management systems, and automation, to optimize supply chain operations. By
utilizing technology effectively, Walmart improves inventory accuracy, streamlines
transportation and logistics processes, and enhances overall operational efficiency.
 Weaknesses:
Dependency on External Suppliers
Walmart relies heavily on external suppliers for its products. This dependency
creates potential vulnerabilities in the supply chain, such as delays, disruptions, and
quality issues. The department needs to continuously assess and manage supplier
relationships to mitigate risks and ensure consistent product quality and availability.
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Environmental Impact
Walmart's supply chain and logistics operations contribute to environmental impact,
including greenhouse gas emissions, waste generation, and resource consumption.
Addressing sustainability concerns and implementing eco-friendly practices in the
supply chain are areas where the department can work on improving its
environmental performance.
 Opportunities:
E-commerce Growth
The increasing popularity of e-commerce presents an opportunity for Walmart's
Supply Chain and Logistics Department to expand its capabilities in online order
fulfillment and last-mile delivery. By optimizing the supply chain for e-commerce,
implementing efficient order processing systems, and improving delivery logistics,
Walmart can capitalize on the growing online shopping trend.
Integration of Omnichannel Operations
The department has the opportunity to integrate omnichannel operations, providing
customers with seamless shopping experiences across multiple channels, including
physical stores, online platforms, and mobile apps. By aligning inventory
management, order fulfillment, and delivery processes, Walmart can enhance
customer satisfaction and increase market share.
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 Threats:
Intense Competitive Landscape
The retail industry is highly competitive, and Walmart faces strong competition from
both traditional retailers and e-commerce giants. Competitors with efficient supply
chains and innovative logistics capabilities can pose a threat to Walmart's market
share. Continuous monitoring of the competitive landscape and the ability to adapt
to changing customer expectations are crucial to maintaining a competitive edge.
Disruptions in Global Trade
Walmart's global supply chain is susceptible to disruptions caused by political
instability, trade disputes, natural disasters, or health crises. Such disruptions can
lead to delays, increased costs, and supply chain bottlenecks. The department needs
to have robust contingency plans and risk management strategies in place to mitigate
the impact of external disruptions.
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CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
FINDINGS
During my internship at Walmart, I made several key findings and observations that
provided valuable insights into the company and the retail industry as a whole. Here
are some of the notable findings from my experience:
1. Operations Department:

Participating in supply chain management processes, including inventory
management and logistics.

Assisting in optimizing store operations and enhancing customer experience.
2. Human Resources Department:

Assisting with recruitment and onboarding processes.

Supporting employee training and development initiatives.
3. Finance and Accounting Department:

Assisting in financial planning and analysis.

Supporting budgeting and forecasting processes.
4. Supply Chain and Logistics Department:

Participating in supply chain planning and optimization processes.

Assisting with procurement and vendor management activities.
5. IT and Technology Department:

Supporting IT infrastructure maintenance and troubleshooting.
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
Assisting in data analysis and business intelligence projects.
Overall, my findings from the Walmart internship highlighted the company's
dedication to delivering value to customers, embracing innovation, and making a
positive impact on society. It was evident that Walmart's success stems from its
customer-centric approach, adaptability to changing market dynamics, and
commitment to fostering a collaborative and inclusive work environment.
CONCLUSION
Interning at Walmart has been a valuable and rewarding experience that has provided
me with a comprehensive understanding of the retail industry. Throughout my time
at Walmart, I have had the opportunity to work closely with a talented team, engage
in diverse projects, and gain hands-on experience in various areas of the company.
This internship has not only enhanced my skills and knowledge but has also given
me insights into the inner workings of a global retail giant. First and foremost, the
culture at Walmart is highly focused on teamwork, collaboration, and customer
satisfaction. I had the privilege of working with dedicated and supportive colleagues
who were always willing to guide and mentor me. Their expertise and willingness
to share their knowledge significantly contributed to my professional growth during
this internship. The emphasis on teamwork fostered a positive and inclusive work
environment, which made the learning experience even more enjoyable. During my
internship, I was exposed to different departments within Walmart, including
marketing, operations, and supply chain management. This exposure allowed me to
gain a holistic understanding of how these functions interact and contribute to the
overall success of the organization. Working on projects in these areas helped me
develop a range of skills, such as data analysis, strategic planning, and project
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management. The practical experience I gained through these projects will
undoubtedly benefit me in my future endeavours. Moreover, Walmart's commitment
to innovation and embracing new technologies was evident throughout my
internship. I had the chance to work on initiatives related to e-commerce, digital
marketing, and process automation. This exposure gave me valuable insights into
how a retail giant like Walmart adapts to the evolving landscape of online shopping
and implements cutting-edge technologies to enhance customer experience and
operational efficiency. One of the most significant takeaways from my internship at
Walmart was the emphasis on social responsibility and community engagement.
Walmart's dedication to sustainability, diversity, and inclusion was evident in its
various initiatives and programs. Being part of these initiatives allowed me to
witness firsthand the positive impact Walmart has on local communities and the
environment. It inspired me to be a responsible citizen and advocate for social causes
in my future career. In conclusion, my internship at Walmart has been a
transformative experience. The exposure to a dynamic and fast-paced retail
environment, the opportunity to work with exceptional professionals, and the
emphasis on innovation and social responsibility have broadened my horizons and
equipped me with valuable skills. I am grateful for the knowledge and experience I
have gained during my time at Walmart, and I am confident that the lessons learned
here will shape my future professional endeavors in a meaningful way.
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