THE NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT WHAT IS MANAGEMENT? IT IS A PROCESS OF LEADING MANAGEMENT FOCUSES ON 3 ASPECTS MANAGEMENT IS A PROCESS •PLANNING •ORGANIZING •LEADING •CONTROLLING MANAGEMENT FOCUSES ON 3 ASPECTS MANAGEMENT USES RESOURCES •PEOPLE •MONEY •MATERIALS •TIME MANAGEMENT FOCUSES ON 3 ASPECTS MANAGEMENT AIMS TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES •SMART OBJECTIVES • PERSPECTIVES IN MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT IS A PROCESS MANAGEMENT IS A PROCESS • EACH FUNCTION WITHIN A MANAGEMENT CYCLE CORRESPONDS TO A GIVEN TIME. • THIS CYCLICAL APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT LEADS A MANAGER TO REALIZE THE LESSONS LEARNED DURING THE TIME PERIODS. MANAGEMENT IS A PROCESS • IN MANAGING, YOU DESIGN AND DECIDE ON THE SCOPE, MANNER, AND PACE OF ACTIVITIES. • YOU HAVE TO THINK AND ACT LOGICALLY AND CREATIVELY. • IT IS DEFINED AS THE PROCESS OF IDENTIFYING THE OBJECTIVES OF A TASK, AN ASSIGNMENT, OR A CAUSE AND THE CORRESPONDING ACTIVITIES TO ACHIEVE THOSE OBJECTIVES. • A WORK PLAN IS A VISUAL PLANNING TOOL IN THE FORM OF A SUMMARY TABLE THAT USUALLY CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: • IT IS DEFINED AS GATHERING THE RESOURCES REQUIRED TO CARRY OUT THE ACTIVITIES AND ALLOCATING THE EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT USE OF THOSE RESOURCES. IT MEANS DOING THINGS RIGHT IT MEANS DOING THE RIGHT THINGS RIGHT WRONG EFFICIENCY (HOW TO DO) EFFECTIVENESS (WHAT TO DO) RIGHT BEST SCENARIOS; DO THIS ACTION ALWAYS WRONG DISCONTINUE DOING THIS ACTION BECAUSE YOU ARE IN THE WRONG PATH. CONTINUE TO IMPROVE DOING THIS ACTION WORST SCENARIOS; NEVER DO THIS ACTION • IT ENTAILS MORE THAN GATHERING THE NEEDED RESOURCES. IT REQUIRES YOU TO IDENTIFY THE WHAT, WHY, HOW, AND WHEN OF ACQUIRING RESOURCES. • Apart from gathering and allocating resources, organizing also involves the design and establishment of a management structure that fits the business. WHO WILL BE MY STAFF? WHERE WILL I GET MY RESOURCES WHAT ARE THE COMMUNICATION ARRANGEMENTS THAT I WILL EXPECT FROM MY STAFF? IS DEFINED AS A PROCESS WHICH ENCOMPASSES THE FOLLOWING: • INFLUENCING OTHER PEOPLE TO PERFORM THE WAY YOU WISH THEM TO. • DIRECTING OTHER PEOPLE TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED ACTIVITIES • COORDINATING THE PROPER IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIVITIES • COMMUNICATING EFFECTIVELY ACROSS VARIOUS GROUPS • MOTIVATING INDIVIDUALS TO PERFORM THEIR BEST LEADERSHIP REQUIRES ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING GOOD WORKING RELATIOSHIPS BETWEEN THE LEADER AND HIS OR HER SUBORDINATES. A LEADER IS LOOKED UPON BY HIS OR HER FOLLOWERS AS SOMEONE THEY COULD TRUST. A LEADER INITIATES RESPECT AND OBEDIENCE FROM HIS OR HER FOLLOWERS BECAUSE OF HIS OR HER CAPABILITIES, PERSONALITY, AND OVERALL IMAGE. CONTROLLING IS DEFINED AS MONITORING AND EVALUATING ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN IN RELATION TO THE STATED OBJECTIVES. IT INVOLVES THE FOLLOWING: • IDENTIFYING THE GAP BETWEEN WHAT WAS PLANNED AND WHAT WAS ACCOMPLISHED IN TERMS OF QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF WORK • DETERMINING THE MAIN CAUSE OF PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING IMPLEMENTATION • FINDING WAYS TO CORRECT THOSE PROBLEMS • PREVENTING THOSE PROBLEMS FROM RECURRING • SEEKING NEW WAYS TO IMPROVE HOW THINGS WILL BE DONE IN THE FUTURE QUALITY CONTROL IS ANOTHER AREA WHERE CONTROLLING CAN BE ILLUSTRATED. QUALITY CONTROL IS REQUIRED IN MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE SECTORS. RESPONDING TO CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS AND UTILIZING MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS) ARE PART OF QUALITY CONTROL. MIS INVOLVES THE PROPER USE OF SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE WHICH WILL ALLOW TIMELY AND ACCURATE COLLECTION, RETRIEVAL, AND DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION ACROSS ORGANIZATION. QUALITY CONTROL IS ANOTHER AREA WHERE CONTROLLING CAN BE ILLUSTRATED. QUALITY CONTROL IS REQUIRED IN MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE SECTORS. WHY IS CONSIDERED THE STARTING POINT OF MANAGEMENT? WHY IS CONTROLLING ESSENTIAL IN MANAGEMENT? MANAGEMENT USES RESOURCES WHAT IS RESOURCES? PERTAIN TO PEOPLE, TIME, MONEY, MATERIALS, MACHINES, EQUIPMENT, LAND, BUILDING, TECHNOLOGY, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AND OTHER FORMS OF MATERIAL AND NON MATERIAL THINGS. WITHOUT PROPER RESOURCES, YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO MANAGE EFFECTIVELY. HAVING THE RIGHT QUANTITY AND QUALITY IS FUNDAMENTAL IN MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT GIVES PRIORITY TO THE EFFICIENT USE OF RESOURCES. MANAGEMENT STARTS WITH HAVING A CLEAR SET OF OBJECTIVES. THE OBJECTIVES MUST BE THE OBJECTIVES SHOULD BE IN A FORM OF SUFFICIENT DETAIL SUCH AS IN TERMS OF QUANTITY OR QUALITY. THE OBJECTIVES CAN BE ASSESSED AND VERIFIED THROUGH OBJECTIVE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS. THE OBJECTIVES CAN BE ACHIEVED BY FINDING YOUR OWN WAYS OR STRATEGIES. THE OBJECTIVES CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED GIVEN THE CURRENT AND PLANNED LEVEL OF RESOURCES THAT YOU HAVE. THE OBJECTIVES CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED WITHIN A DEFINITE TIME PERIOD. IN PURSUING THE OBJECTIVES, YOUR APPROACH MAY ADOPT A CERTAIN PERSPECTIVE. THIS PERTAINS TO DERIVING AN EXPECTED ECONOMIC RETURN OR MATERIAL BENEFIT FROM A GIVEN MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY OR BUDINESS PROJECT. ECONOMIC PROFITABILITY IS DESIRED THIS PERTAINS TO EXAMINING WHETHER A DESIRED OBJECTIVE IS MORALLY RIGHT OR WRONG. THE ETHICAL CONDUCT IN MANAGEMENT IS GUIDED BY THE PRINCIPLE OF COMMON GOOD. COMMON GOOD PROMOTES MANAGEMENT PRACTICES THAT BENEFIT OR UPLIFT THE CONDITION OF THE GREATER NUMBER OF PEOPLE. THIS LOOKS AT HOW AN ORGANIZATION SEEKS TO SATISFY THE NEEDS OF EMPLOYEES AND DEVELOP THEIR FULL CAPABILITIES. IT EMPOWERS PEOPLE WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION TO REACH THEIR FULL POTENTIAL. DYCK AND NEUBERT (2012) INTRODUCED A VALUES- BASED WAY TO STUDY MANAGEMENT BY COMPARING TWO CONTRASTING APPROACHES THIS APPROACH FOCUSES ON THE TRADITIONAL, MATERIALIST, AND INDIVIDUALISTIC VIEW OF MANAGEMENT, SUCH THAT THE EMPHASIS IS MAXIMIZING PROFITABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND COMPETITIVENESS. THIS APPROACH FOCUSES ON A BALANCED VIEW OF MANAGEMENT BY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE MULTIPLE FORMS OF WELL-BEING FOR MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS. IT EMPHASIZES SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, DIGNIFICATION OF WORK, FAIRNESS IN DEALINGS, AND PEOPLE’S PARTICIPANTS. TRAIT MAINSTREAM MULTISTREAM DESIRE TO LEAD FOR PERSONAL GAIN FOR OTHER’S GAIN DRIVE TO GET AHEAD TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE SELF-CONFIDENCE “I CAN DO IT” “WE CAN DO IT” HONESTY AND INTEGRITY AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS TO AN END AS AN END IN AND OF ITSELF INTELLIGENCE AND KNOWLEDGE NARROW INSTRUMENTAL FOCUS BROAD HOLISTIC APPROACH
