12
Practical
Research 2
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
RESEARCH TITLE AND ITS
BACKGROUND
Subject Area – Grade Level
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Research Title and Its Background
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
Development Team of the Module
Writers: ADONIS C. BAYRON, MAT
Editors: KATHY LYN G. DAGA-AS and CHARMAINE ROSE T. ESTANDARTE
Reviewers: Name
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Name of Schools Division Superintendent
Name of Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Name of REPS – Subject Area Supervisor
Name of CID Chief
Name of Division EPS In Charge of LRMS
Name of Division ADM Coordinator
Name of EPS – Subject Area Supervisor
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region
Office Address:
Telefax:
E-mail Address:
Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal
(083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
region12@deped.gov.ph
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) in Practical Research 1 is prepared so that
you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-bystep as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to
the Teachers are also provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the!
The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is composed of one lesson only:
•
Lesson 1 – Research Title and Its Background
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. discuss ways in writing a research title;
2. determine ways in crafting research background; and
3. craft a research title according to the field taken.
2
What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
For number 1 to 3, analyze the research title below.
TARDINESS MITIGATION SCHEME AMONG SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
OF KNCHS FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2017-2018
1. What problem/issue does the study wish to solve?
A. Behavior of senior high school students
B. Tardiness of all senior high school students
C. Tardiness of some senior high school students
D. Time management of senior high school students
2. The best research question will be_______.
A. Why students are always late?
B. Who among those students are always late?
C. What are the effects of student’s mitigation?
D. What intervention program can be implemented to mitigate students’
tardiness?”
3. Which statement is NOT true about research title?
A. A. It must be time bounded.
B. It must be brief and concise.
C. It can’t be revised once it’s approved by the adviser/panel.
D. The title should not include the terms “study of”, “investigation of” or “an
analysis”.
4. In the title: EFFECT OF PARTICIPATION IN INTERSCHOOL CONTEST ON SHS
STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, the population involved in the study
is_____.
A. STEM students of SHS
B. All participating schools
C. TVL class
D. SHS participating students
5. In the title: KNCHS SCHOOL-WIDE LANDSCAPING PROJECT: ITS EFFECT ON
ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTION OF PARENTS, the scope of the study is ______.
A. KNCHS
B. Koronadal Division
C. SHS-KNCHS
D. JHS-KNCH
3
Lesson
4
RESEARCH TITLE AND ITS
BACKGROUND
What’s In
Directions: In your own words, describe/define the terms: variable, independent
variable, and dependent variable. Write your answers on the given
graphic organizer.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
VARIABLE
4
What’s New
Directions: Compose a free verse poem about covid-19 pandemic crisis. Think a
catchy title of the poem. Write your composition on the blanks provided
______________________________________________________________
Title
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Criteria:
Content
-10 points
Writing ability
-5 points
Title
-5 points
TOTAL
-20 POINTS
5
What is It
How to craft a good research title?
A good title is usually a compromise between being curt/concise
and explicit or categorical. Drafting a perfect research paper title
requires some serious thought. Researchers tend to be focused on their
research versus the title because that is per se the general nature of
people inclined towards discovery.
According to Maxine Hairston and Michael Keene, a good title
does several things:
1. It predicts content.
2.
It catches the reader's interest.
3.
It reflects the tone or slant of the piece of writing.
4.
It contains keywords that will make it easy to access by a
computer search.
5. It
should
be
SMART
(Specific,
Measurable,
Attainable,
Reliable/Relevance, and Time bounded)
Like any piece of writing, an effective title does not appear in one
magic moment; it takes brainstorming and revising. Richard Leahy's
“Twenty Titles for the Writer” exercise helps writers slow down and
engage in the process of title-writing (Leahy, 2007).
6
SELECTED GUIDELINES IN THE
FORMULATION OF A RESEARCH
TITLE
CHARACTERISITCS OF A GOOD
TITLE
1. A title should give readers
information about the contents
of the research and is preferable
to one that is vague or general.
2. Titles do not need to be stuffy or
dull but generally it should give
the readers some idea at the
outset of what the research
paper will contain.
3. Choose a title that is a phrase
rather
than
a
complete
sentence.
4. Select a straightforward title
over the kinds.
5. Use no punctuation at the end
of the title.
6. Do not underline the title of
research or enclose in quotation
marks, instead, use a word
processing program or printer
that permits italics. Use them in
place of underlining (Fatatado,
2016).
1. The title must contain of the
following elements:
a. The subject matter or
research problems
b. The setting or locale of the
study
c. The
respondents
or
participants involved in the
study
d. The time or period when the
study to be conducted (if
the title becomes too long
because of these elements,
the timeframe or period
may be omitted except in
evaluation studies
2. The title must not be broad
enough and it should be
concise and brief as possible.
3. The terms a “Analysis of”, “A
Study of”, An Investigation of”
and the like should be avoided
of. All of these are understood
to have been done in research.
4. If the title contains more than
one line, it should be written in
inverted pyramid.
5. When typed or encoded in the
title page, all words in the title
should be in capital letters
6. If possible, the title should not
be longer 15 substantive words
7. Avoid a long, detailed title that
gives too much information.
8. To shorten the title, delete the
terms
“assessment”
or
“evaluation” if these are
emphasized
in
the
text
(Fatatado, 2016).
HERE ARE SOME TITLES
RESEARCHES
APPROVED
VARIOUS
DISCIPLINES/PROGRAMS:
OF
IN
1. HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS
IN READING OF FRESHMEN IN
UNIVERSITY OF EAST, ACADEMIC
YEAR 2016-2017
2. TAX REMITTANCE AND JOB
VACANCY OF REGION 12, FISCAL
YEAR 208-2019
3. LEVEL OF ACCEPTABILITY OF THE
TRACING GUIDE FOR CHILDREN
WITH CELEBRAL PALSY BY THE
SPED TEACHERS, SY 2012-2013
4.
ORGANIC
FARMING
AND
ECONOMIC INCOME OF SOUTH
COTABATO PROVINCE
7
What is background of research?
So you have carefully written your article and probably ran it
through your colleagues ten to fifteen times. While there are many
elements to a good research article, one of the most important elements
for your readers is the background of your study.
The background of your study will provide context to the
information discussed throughout the research paper. Background
information may include both important and relevant studies. This is
particularly important if a study either supports or refutes your thesis.
In addition, the background of the study will discuss your
problem statement, rationale, and research questions. It links
introduction to your research topic and ensures a logical flow of ideas.
Thus, it helps readers understand your reasons for conducting the
study.
The reader should be able to understand your topic and its
importance. The length and detail of your background also depend on
the degree to which you need to demonstrate your understanding of the
topic. Paying close attention to the following questions will help you in
writing background information:
•
•
•
•
Are there any theories, concepts, terms, and ideas that may be
unfamiliar to the target audience and will require you to provide
any additional explanation?
Any historical data that need to be shared in order to provide
context on why the current issue emerged?
Are there any concepts that may have been borrowed from other
disciplines that may be unfamiliar to the reader and need
an explanation?
Is the research study unique for which additional explanation is
needed? For instance, you may have used a completely new
method?
Your background should begin with defining a topic and audience.
It is important that you identify which topic you need to review and what
your audience already knows about the topic. You should proceed by
searching and researching the relevant literature (Brians, 2011).
8
What I Have Learned
Directions: Based on the concepts presented regarding research title crafting,
make your own title considering your topic of interest and your
strand. Follow the guidelines and characteristics in making a
research title.
1. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
6. Based on the discussion presented, why do we need to follow the guidelines
in crafting a title?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
7. What do you think is the significance of having a good research title?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Make a research title related to COVID-19 pandemic.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
9
What’s More
Directions: Answer what is asked. Write your answer on the graphic organizer
provided each number.
1. What are the guidelines in formulating research title? Write them in a ladder
web.
2. What are the characteristics of a good research title? Write them in a petal
map.
10
3. What are the concepts included in the research background? Discuss it
inside the bubble map.
11
What I Can Do
Directions: Craft research title out of the given situations. Consider the guidelines in
making a research title. Write your answers on the space provided.
1. This study made a contextualized teaching-learning module to improve the writing
organization skills of KNCHS-SHS students. Such study would like to see the effect of
this module on the writing organization skills of KNCHS-SHS students.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. Every marketer faces different challenges. Although they typically share similar
goals, some teams are stuck on hiring top talent, while others are having trouble finding
the right technology for their needs.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Technological advances have made the spread of information far easier than ever
before, but they have also enabled child sexual abuse material to be widely shared
online.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. Researchers face perpetual struggle to secure and sustain funding. While the
scientific workforce is increasing, the funding in most countries has been on a decline
over the past decade. The situation is particularly perilous for early career researchers
who find it hard to compete for funds with senior researchers .
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. The study made an intervention program to improve the reading comprehension of
elementary pupils of Region XII. The study would like to see the impact of intervention
program to the elementary pupils of Region XII.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Criteria: Content-3 points
Grammar/Spelling-2 points
Total- 5 points each item
12
Assessment
Directions: Fill in the missing word of the selection below. Write your answers on the
space provided.
So you have carefully written your 1._____________ and probably ran it through
your 2._____________ ten to fifteen times. While there are many elements to a good
research article, one of the most important elements for your readers is the
3._____________ of your study.
The 4._____________
of your study will provide context to the information
discussed throughout the 5.__________________. Background information may
include both important and relevant studies. This is particularly important if a study
either supports or refutes your 6._____________.
In addition, the background of the study will discuss your 7._____________,
rationale, and research 8._____________. It links introduction to your research topic
and ensures a 9._____________ of ideas. Thus, it helps readers understand your
reasons for conducting the 10._____________.
13
Additional Activities
A. Directions: Define/describe the following terms. Write your answers on the
blanks provided.
1. Objectives of the study
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Research questions
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Scope and Delimitation of the study
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Criteria:
Content-3 points
Grammar/Spelling-2 points
Total- 5 points each item
14
B. Directions: Write a short reflection regarding the topic discussed. Write
it on the space provided.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
source: https://www.thoughtco.com/essay-rubric-208136
15
Answer Key
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Article
Colleagues
Background
Background
Research paper
Thesis
Problem statement
Questions
Logical flow
Study
Assessment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
D
C
D
A
What I Know
What’s In
References
Fatatado III, R. (2016). Practical research 2 (quantitative research for
SHS). Lorimar Publishing House. Quezon City. Metro Manila.
Brians, C. (2011). Empirical political analysis: Quantitative and qualitative
research methods. 8th ed. Boston, MA: Longman.
Background research. (2018). Retrieved from
https://www.enago.com/academy/what-is-background-in-aresearch-paper/
16
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN
Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)
Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal
Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph