Period
a. Early Filipino/ Pre –
colonial period
State of S&T during
the period
Contribution of the
period in the
development of S&T
Science culture and
practices/ Society’s
norms during the period
They already had art,
number system, a
weighing and
measuring system
and a calendar.
Filipinos were already
engaged in farming,
shipbuilding, mining
and weaving. The
Laguna Copperplate
Inscription shows the
use of mathematics in
precolonial Philippine
The pre-colonial
society and the
government created a
strong base for
agriculture, smallscale industries,
handicraft industries,
trade, and fisheries. 3.
It was the era of precolonial government
when military power
was increased.
Political power was
In precolonial Philippines,
both men and women
enjoyed the same rights
and privileges. Women,
like men, can ascend the
headship of families,
villages, and cities.
Women can also ascend
the throne of a nation. In
some cases, some
queens have ascended as
sole ruler, superior to her
consort.
Implications of
S&T and science
culture of each
period to the
present
during the early
thousand years
ago,the early
Filipino were
composed of
different group
they forms their
own
community.syatem
of education and
religion belief.
b. Spanish
Colonization
societies.
enlarged as well which
has a strong effect till
today
In Spanish Colonial
period,scientific
institution was
introduced aside of
formal education that
brought sanitation and
more advanced
methods of
agriculture in the
Philippine
archipelago's natives
for improvement.
The Spanish
introduced formal
education and
founded scientific
institution. During the
early years of Spanish
rule in the Philippines.
Parish schools were
established where
religion, reading,
writing, arithmetic and
music was taught.
Sanitation and more
advanced methods of
agriculture was taught
to the natives
Though influenced by
Spanish traditions from
the Iberian peninsula, the
culture that emerged in
the colonial New World
was a mixture of
European, African, and
local Native customs.
"Latinized" America was a
diverse, capable, and
often complex society.
Scientific
advances and
technological
change are
important drivers
of recent
economic
performance. The
ability to create,
distribute and
exploit knowledge
has become a
major source of
competitive advantage, wealth
creation and
improvements in
the quality of life.
c. American Regime
Science during the
American period was
inclined towards
agriculture, food
processing, medicine
and pharmacy. Not
much focus was given
on the development of
industrial technology
due to free trade
policy with the United
States which nurtured
an economy geared
towards agriculture
and trade
Objective
observations may,
however, include
negative aspects of
American
contributions that may
not ncessarily be antiAmerican in tenor. For
instance, the huge
military bases, Clark
and Subic, now
closed, may have
made Filipinos aware
of, but unable to copy,
advanced strides in
technology. Wind
power has infantly
come into being in the
Ilocos, hydro power
has been harvested in
Mindanao, although
Society and culture in
colonial America (15651776) varied widely
among ethnic and social
groups, and from colony
to colony, but was mostly
centered around
agriculture as it was the
primary venture in most
regions. While New
England had small family
farms, the southern
colonies had large
plantations that required
slave labor. Religion also
played a major role in
shaping some local
cultures; many people
who colonized North
America were fleeing
religious persecution in
Science during the
American period
was inclined
towards
agriculture, food
processing,
forestry, medicine
and pharmacy. Not
much focus was
given on the
development of
industrial
technology due to
free trade policy
with the United
States which
nurtured an
economy geared
towards
agriculture and
trade.
d. Japanese
Colonization
State of Science and
Technology in Japan
has developed rapidly
after the Second
World War, which has
affected the
advancement of
vehicle technology,
consumer electronics,
robotics, medical
devices, space
exploration, and the
still in a small scale,
rice farming
technology and
research has been
going on for decades,
in spite of which,
sadly, rice production
is still wanting in
fulfilling needs…
their home country and
implemented strict
religious-based rules in
the colonies where they
settled.
Through ODA, Japan
has helped construct
and improve
infrastructure in the
Philippines. These
include major arterial
highways, bridges,
airports, railways, and
ports.
Japan occupied the
Philippines for over three
years, until the surrender
of Japan. A highly
effective guerilla
campaign by Philippine
resistance forces
controlled sixty percent of
the islands, mostly jungle
and mountain areas.
MacArthur supplied them
by submarine, and sent
UJapan’s science
and technology
(S&T)
infrastructure
faces many
challenges. The
nation’s population
is declining, which
will likely reduce
economic growth
and therefore
probably decrease
film industry. Japan's
focus on intensive
mathematics
education and the
reverence for
engineers in Japanese
culture aids
engineering talent
development, which
has produced
advances in
automotive engines,
television display
technology,
videogames, optical
clocks, and many
other fields. Japan is
also advanced in
robotics, restaurants,
and hospitals. Japan
was ranked 16th in the
reinforcements and
officers
both the amount of
investment in S&T
and the number of
people working in
the field.
Additionally, the
rise of the BRIC
countries (Brazil,
Russia, India, and
China) in S&T,
especially China,
has been
remarkable over
the last several
years. It is almost
inevitable that
Japan’s relative
strength in science
will erode in this
globalized world.
Global Innovation
Index in 2020, down
from 15th in 2019
e. Post – colonial
period
Postcolonialism, the
historical period or
state of affairs
representing the
aftermath of Western
colonialism; the term
can also be used to
describe the
concurrent project to
reclaim and rethink
the history and agency
of people
subordinated under
various forms of
imperialism.
The postcolonial study
of science and
technology suggests a
means of writing a
'history of the present',
of coming to terms
with the turbulence
and uncertainty of
contemporary global
flows of knowledge
and practice.
Postcolonial theorists and
historians have been
concerned with
investigating the various
trajectories of modernity
as understood and
experienced from a range
of philosophical, cultural,
and historical
perspectives. They have
been particularly
concerned with engaging
with the ambiguous
legacy of the
Enlightenment—as
expressed in social,
political, economic,
scientific, legal, and
Postcolonial
philosophies of
education in the
Philippines
emerged from a
newly independent
government's
desire to unite
disparate
populations under
a common
national identity,
which was heavily
influenced by
Western
conceptions of
personhood and
patriotism.
cultural thought—beyond
Europe itself. The legacy
is ambiguous, according
to postcolonial theorists,
because the age of
Enlightenment was also
an age of empire, and the
connection between
those two historical
epochs is more than
incidental.