Period a. Early Filipino/ Pre – colonial period State of S&T during the period Contribution of the period in the development of S&T Science culture and practices/ Society’s norms during the period They already had art, number system, a weighing and measuring system and a calendar. Filipinos were already engaged in farming, shipbuilding, mining and weaving. The Laguna Copperplate Inscription shows the use of mathematics in precolonial Philippine The pre-colonial society and the government created a strong base for agriculture, smallscale industries, handicraft industries, trade, and fisheries. 3. It was the era of precolonial government when military power was increased. Political power was In precolonial Philippines, both men and women enjoyed the same rights and privileges. Women, like men, can ascend the headship of families, villages, and cities. Women can also ascend the throne of a nation. In some cases, some queens have ascended as sole ruler, superior to her consort. Implications of S&T and science culture of each period to the present during the early thousand years ago,the early Filipino were composed of different group they forms their own community.syatem of education and religion belief. b. Spanish Colonization societies. enlarged as well which has a strong effect till today In Spanish Colonial period,scientific institution was introduced aside of formal education that brought sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture in the Philippine archipelago's natives for improvement. The Spanish introduced formal education and founded scientific institution. During the early years of Spanish rule in the Philippines. Parish schools were established where religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music was taught. Sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture was taught to the natives Though influenced by Spanish traditions from the Iberian peninsula, the culture that emerged in the colonial New World was a mixture of European, African, and local Native customs. "Latinized" America was a diverse, capable, and often complex society. Scientific advances and technological change are important drivers of recent economic performance. The ability to create, distribute and exploit knowledge has become a major source of competitive advantage, wealth creation and improvements in the quality of life. c. American Regime Science during the American period was inclined towards agriculture, food processing, medicine and pharmacy. Not much focus was given on the development of industrial technology due to free trade policy with the United States which nurtured an economy geared towards agriculture and trade Objective observations may, however, include negative aspects of American contributions that may not ncessarily be antiAmerican in tenor. For instance, the huge military bases, Clark and Subic, now closed, may have made Filipinos aware of, but unable to copy, advanced strides in technology. Wind power has infantly come into being in the Ilocos, hydro power has been harvested in Mindanao, although Society and culture in colonial America (15651776) varied widely among ethnic and social groups, and from colony to colony, but was mostly centered around agriculture as it was the primary venture in most regions. While New England had small family farms, the southern colonies had large plantations that required slave labor. Religion also played a major role in shaping some local cultures; many people who colonized North America were fleeing religious persecution in Science during the American period was inclined towards agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine and pharmacy. Not much focus was given on the development of industrial technology due to free trade policy with the United States which nurtured an economy geared towards agriculture and trade. d. Japanese Colonization State of Science and Technology in Japan has developed rapidly after the Second World War, which has affected the advancement of vehicle technology, consumer electronics, robotics, medical devices, space exploration, and the still in a small scale, rice farming technology and research has been going on for decades, in spite of which, sadly, rice production is still wanting in fulfilling needs… their home country and implemented strict religious-based rules in the colonies where they settled. Through ODA, Japan has helped construct and improve infrastructure in the Philippines. These include major arterial highways, bridges, airports, railways, and ports. Japan occupied the Philippines for over three years, until the surrender of Japan. A highly effective guerilla campaign by Philippine resistance forces controlled sixty percent of the islands, mostly jungle and mountain areas. MacArthur supplied them by submarine, and sent UJapan’s science and technology (S&T) infrastructure faces many challenges. The nation’s population is declining, which will likely reduce economic growth and therefore probably decrease film industry. Japan's focus on intensive mathematics education and the reverence for engineers in Japanese culture aids engineering talent development, which has produced advances in automotive engines, television display technology, videogames, optical clocks, and many other fields. Japan is also advanced in robotics, restaurants, and hospitals. Japan was ranked 16th in the reinforcements and officers both the amount of investment in S&T and the number of people working in the field. Additionally, the rise of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) in S&T, especially China, has been remarkable over the last several years. It is almost inevitable that Japan’s relative strength in science will erode in this globalized world. Global Innovation Index in 2020, down from 15th in 2019 e. Post – colonial period Postcolonialism, the historical period or state of affairs representing the aftermath of Western colonialism; the term can also be used to describe the concurrent project to reclaim and rethink the history and agency of people subordinated under various forms of imperialism. The postcolonial study of science and technology suggests a means of writing a 'history of the present', of coming to terms with the turbulence and uncertainty of contemporary global flows of knowledge and practice. Postcolonial theorists and historians have been concerned with investigating the various trajectories of modernity as understood and experienced from a range of philosophical, cultural, and historical perspectives. They have been particularly concerned with engaging with the ambiguous legacy of the Enlightenment—as expressed in social, political, economic, scientific, legal, and Postcolonial philosophies of education in the Philippines emerged from a newly independent government's desire to unite disparate populations under a common national identity, which was heavily influenced by Western conceptions of personhood and patriotism. cultural thought—beyond Europe itself. The legacy is ambiguous, according to postcolonial theorists, because the age of Enlightenment was also an age of empire, and the connection between those two historical epochs is more than incidental.
