Bullying
Allan Martinez
What is bullying?
Bullying refers to repeated aggressive
behavior, either physical, verbal, or relational,
that is intentionally harmful and involves an
imbalance of power or strength between the
individuals involved.
What does psychology
say about bullying?
Social Psychology
Conformity
•Bullying is influenced by social norms, group dynamics, and
conformity.
Bias
•The presence of witnesses or a group can affect the likelihood
and intensity of bullying.
Normative Social Influence
•Social identity and in-group/out-group dynamics can contribute to
bullying behavior.
Emotions
James-Lange theory
• Victims of bullying may experience increased heart rate as a
response to bullying
Cultural Influence
• In some cultures, aggression or dominance may be valued, which
can contribute to a higher prevalence of bullying behavior.
Appraisal
•
Bullies may experience emotions such as anger, power, or
dominance when engaging in bullying behavior.
Stress and Happiness
PTSD
• Bullying creates chronic stress for victims, leading to adverse
psychological and physiological effects.
psychophysiological disorders.
• Stress responses, such as increased heart rate and anxiety, can
be experienced by both the bully and the victim.
Pursuing Happiness
• Promoting positive social environments and supportive
relationships can enhance happiness and well-being, reducing
the likelihood of bullying.
Personality
• Certain personality traits, such as aggressiveness, low
empathy, and social dominance, may contribute to
engaging in bullying behavior.
• Vulnerability to bullying can be influenced by personality
traits like low self-esteem, introversion, and
submissiveness.
Judgment
Prejudice
• Bullying involves cognitive processes related to judgment, such
as perceptions, stereotypes, biases, and attributions.
Classical Conditioning
• individuals may develop biased perceptions of others involved in
bullying situations