Unit 3 Study Guide Terms Market Revolution Lowell Factories The Market Revolution was basically a shift from a producer culture to a consumer culture. It was a period of intense economic changes During the Market Revolution, new textile factories were developed in the Lowell Massachusetts. It was a new pattern of a wage labor. Missouri Compromise Monroe Doctrine Agreement made to keep the balance of slave and free states equal. Missouri was added as a slave state and Maine added as a free state in 1821. the policy, as stated by President Monroe in 1823, that the U.S. opposed further European colonization of and interference with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere. Erie Canal Railroads Telegraph The most successful canal. Construction of 363-mile was funded by New York. Its purpose was to link Midwestern farms with the massive population center of the New York Center. The early railroad trains were extremely basic. The cars were little more than stagecoaches with flanged wheels. The cars were secured together with chains, and when the engine started or stopped, there was a terrible clanging, bumping and jolting. created instantaneous communication across great distances Corrupt Bargain In the election of 1824, none of the candidates were able to secure a majority of the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House at the time, and he convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State. Some people believe that an agreement was made ahead of time between the two, what was referred to by the defeated Jackson as a Corrupt Bargain. Indian Removal One of the most important aspects of the Jackson presidency; It was the action of removing Indians from the lands East of the Mississippi River. The plan was finished by moving the Indians to what is now Oklahoma.; was set into action because the growth of the United States could continue without violence if the Indians were not there. Panic of 1837 Britain curtailing the flow of money and credit to the USA Domestic Slave Turner Trade Rebellion Necessary Evil Southerners believed that the slaves were “necessary evils”. They came to state that slavery was a positive good for all. After the banning of foreign slave trade, the domestic trade flourished. Slaves were mostly sold from the Old South to the frontier. The value of slaves greatly rose with the success of cotton. The Vesey Rebellion was where Vesey, a mulatto, inspired a group of slaves to seize Charleston, South Carolina in 1822, but one of them betrayed him and he and his thirty-seven followers were hanged before the revolt started. We still can not know whether this was a legitimate plot at a rebellion, or just the case of Vesey getting framed. The Nat Turner rebellion was Virginia slave revolt that resulted in the deaths of sixty whites and raised fears among white Southerners of further uprisings. This rebellion led to a harsh interpretation and execution of the slave codes to potentially quell future rebellion Second Great Awakening Transcendental Shakers The United ism A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. It also had an effect on moral movements a philosophical and literary movement of the 1800s that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal and imagination Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing are now an officially extinct religion which was formed in the 1770s and expanded during the 1830s and ‘40s Demographics the planters with large slave populations had an influence on society far beyond their numbers as a result of their unparalleled economic power in the region. Mormons were the largest new communal society. Also known as the Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints. Joseph Smith was considered to be a prophet and was the founder of this movement Upper/Deep South upper: original southern states along the Atlantic lower/deep: expanding agricultural regions in the new states/southwest - in mid-19th c. southern economy power shifted from the upper to the deep south, reflected dominance of cotton Temperance also involved lots of women, as well as men. These movements were targeted to prohibit alcohol consumption. They grew in an attempt to outlaw alcohol to 1) protect families, and 2) regiment the such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery. lives of workers to make them more orderly. Short Answer Questions 1. Why was the advent of wage labor important? Because people could make money. 2. What was the significance of Eli Whitney’s cotton gin? How did it affect both the North and South? It dramatically reduced the amount of time it took to separate cotton seeds from cotton fiber. The South was the main area that benefited from it. The Cotton Gin increased the production of cotton which in turn meant that the South needed more slaves to manage and work the cotton production. The invention of the Cotton Gin led to a boom in the Southern economy and created a one-crop economy for the South. The North, an extremely anti-slavery section of America was not happy about the invention of the Cotton Gin. With the invention of the Cotton Gin came a loss of economical control in America. To gain control of the economy again, the North decided to heavily tax the cotton being produced in the South, eventually hurting the Southern economy. 3. Explain the relationship between urbanization and increased class stratification. Urbanization became popular in early 19th century and more people became less agricultural and less rural. With the urbanization, the class stratification came and a new group of wealthy elites evolved, and there was also a huge working class. 4. Explain Henry Clay’s American system. The policy of promoting industry in the U.S. by adoption of a high protective tariff and of developing internal improvements by the federal government (as advocated by Henry Clay from 1816 to 1828) 5. What were the proposed solutions to the Panic of 1819? (1) Admit Missouri as a slave holding state, (2) admit Maine as a free state, (3) and prohibit slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36'30'. 6. Explain Van Buren’s spoils system. A practice in which a political party, after winning an election gives government civil service jobs to its supporters as a repayment for supporting them and as inventive to continue to do so. 7. Explain the difference in the antebellum economy in the North and South. In North, economy was based on manufacturing and trade. In South, the economy relied on slaves to grow the crops for trade. In North was “free labor” which means no slaves. They had factories and they paid an hourly wage. The hourly wage was low, and the hours of working were long. Mostly, immigrants were working in these conditions. In the South, cotton was the main thing. In 1920s, cotton was ½ of our exports. There was also a wealthy white plantation owner. It was a minority, but they had political and economic power. 8. How did Southerners defend slavery? They said that it was necessary, and they said that it was not forbidden, but they also argued that it was a positive good. 9. Describe the typical life of a slave. The life of a slave was very difficult. The Southerners use them to work on the plantations or as servants. Every single slave was hold as property with the option of sold them or buying them or exchange every time their owners said. With the past of the time, slaves started to make their own culture but it was removed for the white southerners. 10. What events drove reform? People were looking for stability... peace... comfort... wherever it could be found. Many groups offered some consolation for those feeling disconnected by the various major shifts in American society and they will be at the core of this module. 11. Explain the female activists’ views on prostitution. The New York Female Moral Reform Society was established in 1834 by Lydia Finney. The organization started with an emphasis to end prostitution by focusing on women – especially by blaming women for their “sins,” but also by recognizing that their hopeless station contributed to their “bad choices.” Ultimately, it was their hope to remove women from their roles in prostitution and to train them for jobs outside the sex industry 12. Explain the connection between the early women’s suffrage movement and the abolitionist movement. The relationship between these two movements is that the abolitionist movement helped lead to the women's movement.
