Main Features of Renato Constantino’s approach in writing history Centering the experiences and perspectives of the Filipino people Emphasizing the role of popular movements and resistance Critiquing economic and social structures Developing a distinctly Filipino language and culture Constantino's approach to writing history was grounded in his commitment to nationalism, social justice, and the empowerment of the Filipino people. He sought to challenge dominant narratives of Philippine history, and to center the experiences and perspectives of ordinary Filipinos.