MONDAY
(Earth’s Lithosphere)
ACTIVITY 1:
WHAT’S THE MYSTERY WORD CHALLENGE!
5Points each Level (25pts.)
You will need: Pencil & Paper
Rules of the Challenge:
1. I will give you 3 hints which can be a word or a phrase.
2. There will be 5 levels that you need to pass in order to get the gold coins.
3. For every level, I will show you with a mystery word with some missing letters.
4. You will need to write the correct word in the piece of paper.
5. For every correct answer, you will get a gold coin.
6. You only have 5 seconds to write the correct word.
LEVEL 1
location
LEVEL 2
landform
LEVEL 3
instrument
HINTS
above the focus
HINTS
Steep slopes
HINTS
Detect and
measure intensity
earthquake
Larger than hills
Record
earthquake
_PI_ _NTE_
M_ _NTA_N
_ _ISMO_RAP_
MYSTERY WORD
EPICENTER
MYSTERY WORD
MOUNTAIN
MYSTERY WORD
SEISMOGRAPH
LEVEL 4
Violent shaking
HINTS
destruction
MYSTERY WORD
Movements within
the earth’s crust
EAR_H_U_KE
EARTHQUAKE
LEVEL 5
opening
HINTS
Earth’s Crust
Molten rock
_OL_AN_
MYSTERY WORD
VOLCANO
ACTIVITY 2:
Directions: Recall important words related to volcanoes and earthquakes that will be used in this module. Below is a vocabulary word list
with missing letters. Read the definition on the left side to complete each word on the right side. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
Definition
Vocabulary Word
1. A volcano with accounts of eruption documented
within 10,000 years (2 words)
2. A big body of land on the globe
3. A vibration of Earth due to the rapid release of
energy
4. The location on the Earth's surface directly above the
focus of an earthquake
5. The exact site of the origin of an earthquake, below
the epicenter
6. The liquid rock below the Earth's surface
7. A landmass that projects well above its surroundings;
higher than a hill
8. A chain of mountains (2 words)
9. Earthquake waves (2 words)
10. The first type of seismic wave to be recorded in a
seismic station, these compression waves are the
fastest and travel through solids, liquids, and gases
(2 words)
11. The second type of earthquake wave to be recorded
in a seismic station; these shearing waves are
stronger than P-waves, but only move through
solids (2 words)
12. The graphical record of an earthquake
13. A measuring instrument for detecting and
measuring the intensity and direction and duration
of movements of an earthquake
14. A Japanese term for “big wave in the port;”
generated during undersea quakes
15. A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater
or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot
vapor and gas are being or have been erupted from
the earth's crust
1. A_T_V_ VO_C_NO
2. _O_ _IN_ _T
3. E_ _T_ _U_KE
4. _PI_ _N_ _R
5. F_C_ _
6. _A_MA
7. M_U_TA_ _
8. _OU_TA_N R_N_E
9. _E_SM_C W_V_S
10. P_IM_RY _A_ _
11. _E_ _ND_ R_ WAVE
12. _E_S_OG_A_
13. S_I_ _O_RA_H
14. _S_NA_I
15. _OL_ANO
Our Earth has four layers consisting of different materials, namely, crust, mantle, inner, and outer core. For this module, we will
focus on the lithosphere which is composed of the crust and the upper mantle.
The lithosphere is said to be in constant but very slow motion. These motions are not the same everywhere. This movement of the
lithosphere is called tectonics.
According to the Plate Tectonics Theory, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is broken into numerous segments called plates.
Earth’s Lithosphere
=Solid and rigid outer layer of our planet. It includes the CRUST and UPPER MANTLE.
CRUST = made of variety of solid rocks like sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous. It is thickest in part where mountain is present and
thinnest along the ocean floor.
Top layer of the Earth where the Earth’s Crust is located because the earth consists of land and water.
LET’S CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING!
DIRECTIONS: Tell whether the statement describes a CONTINENTAL or OCEANIC Crusts.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
It is found under land masses and is made of less dense rocks called GRANITE.
Thicker but less dense made up of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, calcium, sodium, potassium.
A type of crust that is around 35-40 km thick.
Relatively thinner but denser than continental Crust.
A type of crust that is around 7-10 km thick which average thickness is 8 km.
TUESDAY
(DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES ½)
ACTIVITY 3:
Mapping the Volcanoes in the Philippines
Materials:
●list of active volcanoes in the Philippines
●map of the Philippines
●pins
Procedure:
1.Divide the groups with a Maximum of five members each.
2. Each group will choose five volcanoes from the list of active volcanoes in the Philippines.
3.Using a map of the Philippines, pin the cards on the correct location of the volcanoes
Guide Questions:
1. Do you find any similarities on the location of active volcanoes in the Philippines?
2. Where do you find most of the active volcanoes in the Philippines?
STUDY CONCEPTS/GUIDE
DISTRIBUTION OF VOLCANOES!

Volcanoes are not randomly distributed. Majority of
them are found along edges of some continents, particularly
in Western Coast of South and North America, East and
Southeast Asia.
Earthquake epicenters and volcanoes are both situated at
the locations
Geologic activities such as seismicity
(occurrence of earthquakes), volcanism and
mountain formation are the basis of scientists in
dividing the Earth’s Lithosphere.
WEDNESDAY
(DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES 2/2)
Activity 4:
Remember Where the Edges Meet
What you need:
separate sheet of paper
ball pen
loose sheet of maps of active volcanoes (page 9 for cutting)
small world map (page 11)
scissors
bright light source (sunlight, lamp, flashlight or cellphone flash)
What you have to do:
1. Get a separate sheet of paper for your answers and observation. Do not copy the questions, just write your answer or observations.
2. Study Map 1 (Distribution of Earthquakes) on page 9 (loose page) that shows the earthquake distribution around the world. The dark areas
are the earthquake epicenters. Take note of the areas where they are closely situated.
Answer the following questions:
a. How are earthquakes distributed on the map? ___________________________
b. Where are they situated? _______________________________________________
c. Look at your world map on page 11 and compare the earthquake epicenters. Name the country/ies where earthquakes may not happen.
_________________________________________________________________________
d. Why are there no earthquakes on the country/ies you mentioned? ____________________________________________________
3. Study Map 2 (Earth’s Major Volcanoes) on page 8. Take note that the dark dots are the active volcanoes.
e. How are volcanoes distributed? _________________________________________
f. Where are they situated? ________________________________________________
g. Based on the map, which country/ies will unlikely experience a volcanic eruption? ______________________________
4. Cut Map 1 and Map 2 along the edges (page 9). Place Map 1 (Earthquakes) over
Map 2 (Volcanoes).
NOTE: Remember to place the edges of the continents of each map exactly on top of each other.
5. Bring the maps over any of the bright source of light available (ceiling lamp, sunlight, flashlight/cellphone light). Make sure you can see
where the dark areas and dots are.
h. How do you compare the location of majority of earthquake epicenters with the location of volcanoes around the world? _______________
6. Study Map 3 (Mountain Chains), the coarse and darker areas are the mountain ranges of the world.
7. Cut Map 3 along the edges (page 9). Place it under Map1 and Map 2.
NOTE: Read first the descriptions below each arrow, then cut these maps individually along the dotted lines.
8. Bring the maps over any bright source of light available.
i. How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the distribution of earthquake epicenters and volcanoes?
__________________________________________________________________________
9. Now that you have seen the location of volcanoes, mountain ranges, and majority of earthquake epicenters, study Figure 1 on page 5 (Map
of Moving Plates) once more.
j. What do you think is the basis of scientists in dividing Earth’s lithosphere into several plates? ________________________
Answer the following questions.
1.What are the process involved in volcano formation?
2.Which Island group has the most active volcanoes? Give also the specific provinces where they are found.
3.A submarine volcano is a type of volcano located under these aorocean. Do the Philippines have a submarine volcano? Where is it located?
4.Why do some active volcanoes become dormant.
5.Living near volcanoes is very risky however, there are also some advantages. What benefits can you obtain from a volcano?
Modified True or False
TEST 1
DIRECTIONS: Write true if the statement is correct. If false, underline the text that makes the statement incorrect and write the correct word or
group of words on top of it.
1.The Pacific Ring of Fire is a 40000-kilometer, ring-shaped basin that covers a collection of plate edges.
2.Volcanic eruption is the extrusion of lava and gas from the volcanic vent.
3.Caldera is formed when a volcano collapse into itself. 4.Taal Volcano is an example of a volcanic caldera and is considered as one of the
most active volcanoes in the country.
5.A volcano can be considered inactive if it hasn’t erupted for 5 000 years.
6.The Bulusan Volcano is recorded to have had the latest volcanic eruption in the country.
7.Mayon Volcano is a stratovolcano found in Naga, Bicol.
8. As recorded, Mt. Pinatubo has the greatest number of volcanic eruptions with 51 recorded eruptions.
9.Mt. Hibok-Hibok is an inactive volcano found in Camiguin Island.
10.There are 47 craters in Taal Volcano Island
Modified True or False
TEST 2
DIRECTIONS: Identify whether it is an active or inactive volcano. Write A for active and IA for inactive. Also identify the region/province where
the volcanoes can be found.
1.Didicas Volcano
2.Kanlaon Volcano
3.Calayan Volcano
4.Mt. Bulusan
5.Canipo Volcano
6.Mt. Bontes
7.Mt. Banahaw
8.Mt. Hibok-hibok
9.Biliran Volcano
10.Mt. Burgos
THURSDAY
(MODULAR)
Activity 5:
Volcano Model Construction
Materials: Clay, cardboard, paint, plastic bottles, vinegar, baking soda
Instructions:
1. In groups, students will create a model of a volcano using clay and cardboard.
2. Once the volcano is constructed, they will paint it to resemble a real volcano.
3. Students will then create a chemical reaction by combining vinegar and baking soda inside a plastic bottle placed inside the volcano model,
simulating an eruption.
Rubric:
- Creativity and accuracy of the volcano model (10 points)
- Presentation and explanation of the eruption simulation (10 points)
Assessment questions:
1. What materials did you use to construct the volcano model?
2. What happens when baking soda and vinegar are mixed together? How does this relate to volcanic eruptions?
3. Describe the similarities and differences between your simulation and a real volcanic eruption.
4. What caused the eruption in your simulation?
FRIDAY
(MODULAR)
Activity 6:
Volcanic Hazards Research
Materials: Internet access, research materials
Instructions:
1. Students will conduct research on different types of volcanic hazards (e.g., lava flows, pyroclastic flows, ashfall).
2. They will create a presentation or infographic summarizing their findings.
Rubric:
- Content and accuracy of information (10 points)
- Presentation and visual appeal (10 points)
Assessment Questions:
1. What is a pyroclastic flow and how does it form?
2. How does ashfall affect the environment and human health?