10
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Earth and Space
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Earth and Space
First Edition, 2019
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary:
Undersecretary:
Assistant Secretary:
Development Team of the Module
Authors:
Lesson 1 & 2 - Hellen M. Dizon
Lesson 3 - Lilibeth B. Montemayor
Lesson 4 - Patty M. Canyong
Lesson 5 & 6 - Dulce S. Ortega
Lesson 6 - Nilo Salazar
Lesson 7 - Marygin T. Joson
Lesson 8 - Helen Rose A. Ferrancullo / Shirlie G. Custodio
Editor: Rebecca M. Roxas, EPS
Reviewers: Arlene Gatpo, PSDS
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director; Genia V. Santos, CLMD
Chief; Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS and Regional ADM
Coordinator; Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent; Aida H.
Rondilla , CID Chief; Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and Division ADM
Coordinator
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) (Sample)
Office Address:
____________________________________________
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Telefax:
E-mail Address:
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10
Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Earth and Space
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
Introductory Message
An Alternative Delivery Mode is designed for the “New Normal” approach in teaching-learning
process. This mode of learning materials helps the students as well as the teachers the
teaching-learning process in a social distancing.
In this module the learners must obtained the objectives of the lessons through his/her own
learning process or he/she can be guided with his/her parents, elder siblings, any relatives,
friends or with his/her guardians
In answering the activities, pre-test and post-test in this module, the learners should write
his/her answer in a separate sheet of paper. The answer sheet must be compiled in a short
folder with corresponding name, grade and section.
This module will be answered for three to four days. One lesson must be learned and
understand. In this module each learners will develop their comprehension hence, the level of
languages used is easy to understand. Learners should also enhance their reading ability.
In reading and doing the activity in this module learners should learned that earthquake,
volcanic eruption, mountain ranges formation, trench, plate tectonics are have interconnection
with one another.
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Earth and Space. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is divided into three lessons, namely:
Lesson 1 – Describe the distribution of
active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and
major mountain belts;
Lesson 2 – Infer the relationship of tectonic plates, earthquake epicenters and
active volcanoes.
Lesson 3 – Relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major
mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake
epicenters, and major mountain belts;
2. Enumerate the different geologic processes/events that occur from the different
boundary;
3. Determine the scientific basis for dividing the Lithospheric plates.
4. Relate hot spot with plate tectonic.
What I Know
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The oceanic crust usually subduct beneath the continental crust when they collide
because it is
A. denser than continental crust
B. thicker than continental crust
C. less dense than continental crust
D. thinner than continental crust
2. In which type of boundary do plates moves away from each other?
A. convergent
B. divergent
C. transform
D. strike-slip
3. Mountains are formed at
A. convergent
B. divergent
C. transform
D. strike-slip
4. Rift valley are formed at
A. convergent
B. divergent
C. transform
D. strike-slip
5. What is the cause of the volcanoes on Hawaii?
A. convergent plate boundary
B. divergent plate boundary
C. hot spot
D. rift zone
Lesson
1
Earth and Space
The Earth composed of air, water and land. These three composition of Earth are divided
into different layers and materials. The water and air are taken already in grade 7 and grade
8. While in grade 9 mostly of the topic are related in space. In this lesson we are more dealing
with the relationship of the layers of the earth, volcanoes, earthquakes, mountain ranges, and
other geological processes.
What’s In
The Earth’s lithosphere are divided into several plates. Due to different geologic
processes/events the earth surface have different types of land and water formation, these will
cause by the movements of plate. There are three kinds of movement of plate: convergent plate,
divergent plate and transform plate.
Notes to the Teacher
This module must be given to the learners a week
before the students answer it in the exact given day of the
lesson. And collect their answer before the second week of
the lesson. And so on and so forth.
This module will be your basis in rating or giving
grades to your students.
What’s New
Earth and Space Defined
Earth and Space is the interconnection of the land, oceans, atmosphere and the life of
earth itself. It’s include all the cycles such as: water cycles, carbon cycles, rock cycles, and as
well as the different movements on the earth surface.
Every things happened on our planet can be explained and connected to earth and
space. Observe the different pictures do you think they are connected with one another? Let’s
us find out by reading and doing the activities in this module.
Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=picture+of+earthquake&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjCm6PUlYbqAhUKJqYKHYluAoUQ
2cCegQIABAA&oq=picture+of+earthquake&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAO
gQIABAeOgQIABAYOgYIABAKEBg6BQgAELEDUNPvB1jfrQhgo78IaABwAHgAgAHdAYgBmRqSAQY5LjE4LjGYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3
Mtd2l6LWltZw&sclient=img&ei=qaToXoKjFIrMmAWJ3YmoCA&bih=657&biw=1366&hl=en#imgrc=0I4qkyAB82godM
What is It
Since you tackled already the three branches of earth and space in your previous
grade level, in this module you will learned more about the solid part of the earth which is
the lithosphere.
Source: https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/media/plate-boundaries-800.jpg
Crust and upper mantle is made up of Earth’s lithosphere. Earth lithosphere is made
up of different tectonic plates, that’s move slowly over time.
A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other.
Along these boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma (molten rock) rises from the
Earth’s mantle to the surface, solidifying to create new oceanic crust.
When two plates come together, it is known as a convergent boundary. The impact of
the colliding plates can cause the edges of one or both plates to buckle up into a mountain
ranges or one of the plates may bend down into a deep seafloor trench. A chain of volcanoes
often forms parallel to convergent plate boundaries and powerful earthquakes are common
along these boundaries.
Two plates sliding past each other forms a transform plate boundary. Natural or
human-made structures that cross a transform boundary are offset—split into pieces and
carried in opposite directions. Rocks that line the boundary are pulverized as the plates grind
along, creating a linear fault valley or undersea canyon. Earthquakes are common along these
faults. In contrast to convergent and divergent boundaries, crust is cracked and broken at
transform margins, but is not created or destroyed.
What’s More
Places on earth where most of the earthquakes originated or some mountains and
volcanoes were formed mark the boundaries of each lithospheric plate.
Earthquake epicenters outline the plates. Mid-ocean ridges, trenches, and large faults
mark the edges of the plates, and this is where earthquakes occur (Figure below).
Source: https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-earth-science-for-high-school/section/6.4/
What I Have Learned
According to the plate tectonics model, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is broken into
numerous segments called plates.
Plate boundary- a theory which suggests that Earth’s crust is made up of plates that
interact in various ways, thus producing earthquakes, mountains,
volcanoes, and other geologic features.
• Each plate is slowly but continuously moving.
• Three types of plate boundaries:
1. Divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. This
types of boundary usually produced earthquakes and rift valley.
2. Convergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates come together. The plate
which is denser will sink and form a trench and the other plate which is less dense
will crumple and form a mountain ranges, an island arc, a volcanoes. It also cause a
tremendous earthquakes that may produce a tsunami if the earthquakes happen
under the ocean.
3. Transform plate boundary occurs when two tectonic plates sliding past each other.
This type of boundary usually creating a linear fault valley or undersea canyon.
Earthquakes are also produced along these faults.
Hot spot- a concentration of heat in the mantle capable of creating magma
Subduction- is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic
plates where one plate moves under another.
• Trench a depression in the seafloor produced by
subduction process.
• Volcanic Island arc a chain of volcanoes that develop parallel to a trench.
•
•
What I Can Do
Activity 1
Let’s Match!
Critical Thinking
Communication
Objectives:
• Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake
epicenter and mountain ranges.
• Determine the different scientific basis for dividing the Lithospheric Plates.
Materials:
Fig. 15 Earth’s lithosphere that divided into majors plates
Fig. 16 Mountain Ranges of the World
Fig. 17 Locations of earthquakes
Different colors of Marking Pen ( Red, Blue, Green )
Source:file:///C:/Users/WIN/Downloads/12%20STEM%205/2nd%20SEM!/BIOLOGY/Volcano,%20Earthquake,Fault.pdf
Fig. 15 Earth’s lithosphere is divided into about 13 majors plates. Where plates collide,
separate, and slip past one another at plate boundaries, interesting geological activity
results.
Source:file:///C:/Users/WIN/Downloads/12%20STEM%205/2nd%20SEM!/BIOLOGY/Volcano,%20Earthquake,Fault.pdf
Fig. 17 Locations of earthquakes that have accurred between 1990 and 2000 are plotted
above.
Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-mountain-range-definition-lesson-quiz.html
Fig. 16 Mountain Ranges of the World
Procedure:
1. Study Figure 15 showing the active volcanoes distribution around the world, Fig.
17 showing the earthquakes distribution and Fig. 16 Mountain Ranges of the
World.
2. Using three different colors of marking pen (red, blue and green) Trace the approximate
locations of several active volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain ranges on one plastic
sheets.
3. Observe.
Q1. What have you notice about the three different color of marking pen that trace
on one plastic sheet?
Q2. How are volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain ranges distributed on the
map?
Q3. Where are they located?
Q4. Where are there no earthquakes?
Q5. Based on the map, mention a country that is unlikely to experience
volcanic eruption.
Q5. How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the
distribution of earthquake epicenters and volcanoes?
Q6. Can you make a conclusion regarding the location of volcanoes, earthquakes
and mountain ranges.
Source: Grade 10- Science – LM
The Earth’s lithosphere, which includes the crust and upper mantle, is made up of a series
of pieces, or tectonic plates, that move slowly over time.
Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/370491506826108033/visual-search/?cropSource=6&h=346&w=544&x=10&y=10
Figure 8. Map showing the relative motion of plates (Arrows indicate the direction of motion)
Types of Plate Boundaries
Divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. This types
of boundary usually produced earthquakes and rift valley.
Convergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates come together. The plate which is
denser will sink and form a trench and the other plate which is less dense will crumple and
form a mountain ranges, an island arc, a volcanoes. It also cause a tremendous earthquakes
that may produce a tsunami if the earthquakes happen under the ocean.
Transform plate boundary occurs when two tectonic plates sliding past each other. This
type of boundary usually creating a linear fault valley or undersea canyon. Earthquakes are
also produced along these faults.
Image Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/13123816/
Activity 2
Plate meets Plate!
Objectives:
• Explain the processes involves along convergent boundaries.
• Determine the different geologic process that occur from the colliding of plates.
Procedure:
1. Study Figure 10, Fig.11 and Fig. 12 showing a cross-sectional diagram of plates that are
converging, and answer the questions in the table.
Plate B
Plate A
Source:http://www.geosci.usyd.edu.au/users/prey/ACSGT/EReports/eR.2003/GroupD/Report1/web%20pages/
assignment_1.html
Figure 10. Cross-sectional diagram of converging continental and oceanic plates
Oceanic Plate A
Oceanic Plate B
Source:http://www.geosci.usyd.edu.au/users/prey/ACSGT/EReports/eR.2003/GroupD/Report1/web%20pages/
assignment_1.html
Figure 11. Cross-sectional diagram of converging oceanic plates
Plate A
Plate B
Source:http://www.geosci.usyd.edu.au/users/prey/ACSGT/EReports/eR.2003/GroupD/Report1/web%20pages/
assignment_1.html
Figure 12. Cross-sectional diagram of converging tectonic plates
Table:
Questions
1. What type of plate is
Plate A?
- How about Plate B
2. Describe what
happens to plate A as it
collides with plate B.
- Why it happens?
3. What are the geologic
processes/events that
will occur in this plate
movement?
Source: Grade 10- Science - LM
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Additional Information: Examples of Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent is the Philippine Plate
moving under Eurasian Plate created the Philippine Islands. Philippine and Pacific Plate
moving under the Eurasian created Japan.
Source: https://earthobservatory.sg/files/resources/large/philippines-block_diagram.png
Critical Thinking
Communication
Activity 3
Let’s Separate!
Objectives:
• Explain the processes involves along divergent boundaries.
• Determine the different geologic processes occurs if two plates are moving apart.
Materials: picture of cracked boiled egg, Fig. 13 Development of a rift valley
Procedure:
1. Study the picture below. Describe what have you observe on the cracked boiled
egg shell.
2. Supposed the egg shell is a crust, do you think the crust can also separate
with each other?
3. Study Fig. 13 Development of a rift valley and answer the guide questions
below.
Source:https://www.bonappetit.com/video/watch/every-way-to-cook-an-egg-59-methods
Source: https://sites.google.com/site/tectonicswebsite/tectonic-processes
Figure 13. Development of a rift valley
Guide Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In what direction the two plates move?
What makes the two plate to move away from each other?
Slowly what happen at the middle of the two separating plates?
What geologic features form in this movement?
If this event continues for millions of years, what do you think will
be the effect on the crust?
Critical Thinking
Communication
Activity 4
Strike, Slip, Slide
Objective:
determine the effect of transform-fault boundary on the Earth’s crust.
Materials: images of transform boundary
Procedure:
1. Study the images below and answer the guide questions.
Source: https://www.ck12.org/assessment/tools/geometrytool/plix.html?eId=SCI.ESC.266&questionId=577d46ff9616aa26e7e6705e&artifactID=2776348&plix_redirect=1
Guide
1.
2.
3.
Questions:
How will you describe the movement of the two plates?
What geologic event accompanied by the transform boundary?
How can transform faults cause destruction even after the earthquake is over?
Activity 5
It’s Hot, Hot, “Hot Spot”
Critical Thinking
Communication
Objective:
Relate hot spot with plate tectonics
Materials: Images of Hot Spot
Procedure:
1. Study the images below, analyze and answer the guide questions below.
I
2
3
4
Guide Questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is the first volcano formed?
What is the second volcano formed?
What is the recent/last volcano formed?
Which among the volcano is the oldest? youngest?
Why it happens that there’s a series of volcano or chain of volcano in on place?
What do you call this place where the chain of volcanoes are formed?
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which plate boundary is formed between the Philippine plate and the
Eurasian plate?
A. convergent
C. divergent
B. reverse fault
D. transform fault
2. In which type of boundary do plates moves away from each other?
A. convergent
C. transform
B. divergent
D. strike-slip
For questions 3-4, refer to the diagram. Choose the letter of the correct
answer.
A
B
C
3. Which is the convergent boundary?
4. Which is the divergent boundary?
5. Refer to the picture below. Which of the following islands is the oldest?
A. Hawaii
C. Molokai
B. Maui
D. Kauai
Additional Activities
Open Discussion:
One of the famous transform fault is the San Andres Fault found in California. This
fault has a lots of recorded destructive earthquake. One of this days this fault is predicted to
produce another tremendous and dangerous earthquake that can be called “The Big One”.
Why this fault is so destructive and dangerous? How will you prepare for this kind of
earthquake?
Answer Key
What
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I Know
A
B
A
B
C
Assessment
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. D
Activity 1:
1. They are located in the same place
2. Volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain ranges are distributed on the same
place/location
3. Majority are found along the edges of some continents
4. Answer may vary. Some possible answer are: large part of the Pacific ocean,
northernmost Asia, majority of Europe, eastern portion of North and South
America and western Africa
5. Mountain ranges are found in places where volcanoes and earthquake epicenters
are also located.
6. I therefore conclude that the earthquake epicenters, mountain ranges and
volcanoes are in the same places because they are interconnected with one
another.
Activity 2:
Questions
1. What type of plate is
Plate A?
- How about Plate B
2. Describe what
happens to plate A as it
collides with plate B.
- Why it happens?
3. What are the geologic
processes/events that
will occur in this plate
movement?
Fig. 11
oceanic
Fig. 12
oceanic
Fig. 13
continental
continental
Plate A subduct
or sink
oceanic
Plate A crumpled
upward
continental
Plate A subduct
or sink
Plate A is
denser than
Plate B
Trench,
volcanoes,
mountain
ranges,
earthquake
Plate A is less
dense than Plate
B
Trench, island
arc, mountain
ranges,
volcanoes,
earthquake,
tsunami
Plate A is
denser than
Plate B
Mountain
ranges,
earthquake
Activity 3:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
They move away from each other
The releasing or the coming out of magma
There’s a new sea floor form
Mid-ocean ridge, rift valley, new sea floor
Answer may vary, some possible answer: the sea floor become wider, the ocean
become shallow, more rift valley were formed
Activity 4:
1. They strike slip with each other
2. Earthquake
3. Can destroy roads, infrastructure, train track, rivers that may cause flood, other
human properties and lives.
Activity 5:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Kauai
Oahu
Hawaii
Kauai/Hawaii
There’s a source of high temperature or a magma chamber
Hot spot
References
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Science – Grade 10 Learner’s Manual First Edition 2015
https://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/seismic-waves-and-the-layers-of-theearth.html
https://uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chap18mult.html
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https://www.ducksters.com/science/quiz/earthquakes_questions.php
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https://www.maplesoft.com/support/help/Maple/view.aspx?path=MathApps/Epicen
terOfEarthquakes
https://www.kqed.org/quest/136760/how-to-find-the-epicenter-of-an-earthquake
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismology
https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/facts/plate-boundaries.html
https://slideplayer.com/slide/13123816/