D a n ie l B a x te r
V ir g in a Evans
J e n n y D o o le y
Express Publi>b;isi
Automotive Industrv app
(IS B N : 9 7 8 -1 -4 7 1 5 -6 0 7 2 -9 )
ío d o w n lo a d th e C areer Paths "a p p “ please go to.
w w w .c a r e e r p a th s - e s p .c o m
lo a ctíva te th e app use th e S /N below :
S /N :
N F 4 V G -T S V 5 y -IH G 2 J -E X 0 B 7
he S/N can be used up to 3 tim e s & is v a lid fo r 3 y e a rs
D an iel B a x te r
V irg in a E vans
J e n n y D o o le y
Express Publishins
S c o p e and S e q u e n ce
Unit
Topic
Reading
c o n te xt
V ocabulary
—
1
The A u to m o tive
In d ustry
W ebpage
advertising, autom o bile, car, consum er, design,
d istrib u tio n , driver, m anufacture, m arket, sales
Desear»
e x p e 'r "
2
C ar Interiors 1
M em o
b lin ke r sw itch , brake pedal, d riv e r’s side, fu se box, gas
pedal, glove box, passenger side, rear-view mirror,
s h ifte r knob, steering wheel
e s :-? I
3
C ar Interiors 2
Review
b ack seat, bench seat, b u cke t seat, consolé, cu p holder, r.'=- — j
d o o r panel, handle, headrest, lock, trunk, w in d o w sw itch
4
G auges and
M eters
C ar m anual
dash b oa rd, fuel gauge, g ea rshift p osition, instru m en t
F: -r
cluster, odom eter, speedom eter, tachom eter, tem perature i
gauge, voltm eter, w arning light
5
S uspensión
Note
air sp rin g, ball join t, chassis, coil spring, d o u b le w ish b o n e suspensión, fram e, leaf spring, M acP herson
strut, m ultilin k suspensión, sh o c k absorber, stabilizer
bar, s tru t suspensión, to rsió n bar
6
C ar E xteriors 1
M em o
brake light, bum per, door, tender, headlight, high beam ,
hood, side mirror, tail light, w in dsh ield, w ip ers
M a * .~ 1
p : *e
7
C ar E xteriors 2
M em o
blinker, grill, hitch, hubcab, side panel, sunroof, trim ,
tru nk, undercarriage, wheel
OC ' — I
P rod u ct
list
diagonal, load Índex, m etric, radial, rim diam eter, rim,
sidew all, speed rating, tire w id th , tire, tread
U -O r-a *
8
Tires
j
9
O p tion s
Inform ation
sheet
DVD player, e nterta inm e nt system , GPS, heated seats,
leather, navigation system , re m ó te starter, satellite radio
As- • : m
¡re re s 1
10
Sedans
M agazine
article
b o d y style, box, coupe, fa stb a ck, four-door, hatchb a ck,
pillar, seat, sedan, tw o -d o o r
Ma- - c 1
a - a s s je
11
C o m p a cts
R eport
C -se g m e n t, cargo area, c o m p a c t car, m id-size, parking,
space, su b c o m p a c t, superm ini, urban, vehicle
O fe r-o J
12
SUVs
M agazine
article
4x4, cargo barrier, crossover, fo u r-w he e l drive, o ff-ro ad ,
row, seating, sta tion w agón, SUV, taílgate
A s * .* ; t i
a- :c t J
13
Trucks and Vans
M em o
bed, cab, fu ll-size, heavy duty, m ini, m inivan, p icku p
tru ck, to w in g capacity, tru ck, van
Ta • ' : J
c c : : -= 1
14
Luxury and
S p o rts Cars
W ebpage
acceleration, co nvertible, grand tourer, luxury vehicle,
m uscle car, pony car, prestige, roadster, s p o rts car,
su percar
p re -e -e J
C om m ercial
Vehicles
W ebpage
15
bus, class,co m m ercial vehicle, fleet, g ross vehicle
w e ig h t rating, heavy, light, m ass transit, p u b lic
tra n s p o rta ro n , sh ip pin g o pe ratio n s
G .-c J
re a r
Table of Contents
U n it 1 - T h e A u to m o tiv e In d u s t r y .................................................................................................. 4
U n it 2 - C a r In te rio rs 1 ...............................
6
U n it 3 - C a r In te rio rs 2 .........................................................................................................................8
U n it 4 - G a u g e s a n d M e t e r s ........................................................................
10
U n it 5 - S u s p e n s ió n ............................................................................................................................. 12
U n it 6 - C a r E x te rio rs 1 ...................................................................................................................... 14
U n it 7 - C a r E x te rio rs 2 ...................................................................................................................... 16
U n it 8 - T i r e s ............................................................................................................................................. 18
U n it 9 - O p t i o n s ...................................................................................................................................... 20
U n it 1 0 - S e d a n s .................................................................................................................................... 22
U n it 11 - C o m p a c ts .............................................................................................................................24
U n it 1 2 - S U V s ........................................................................................................................................ 26
U n it 1 3 - T ru c k s a n d V a n s ............................................................................................................... 28
U n it 1 4 - L u x u ry a n d S p o rts C a rs ............................................................................................. 30
U n it 1 5 - C o m m e r c ia l V e h ic le s .................................................................................................... 32
G lo s s a ry
34
D a v id s o n M o to r s
G e t ready!
©
Before you read th e passage, ta lk about
th ese questions.
1 W hat are som e o f th e d ifferent areas o f the
a utom o tive ¡ndustry?
2
f" H om e
About Us
f
FAQ
Davidson Motors manufactures quality automobiles. We
are also responsible for the sales and distribution of these
cars. Browse this website to see all of the cars we offer.
W hat skills does ¡t ta ke to be successful
¡n the a u to m o tive industry?
ORIVE THE
g m -n m a
____
futüre now
ÜÉ
R eading
© R ead th e w e b p a g e . Then,
choose th e co rrect answ ers
1 W hat is th e p urpose o f th e w eb pa g e?
A to intro d uce p eople to a co m p a n y
B to list th e yearly sales goals fo r a co m p a ny
We reworked our advertising campaigns over the past five years.
Sales increased right away. Last year alone we put 15,000 new
drivers on the road. We are growing and will continué to grow. If
you’re interested in investing, email our office.
We have the highest consumer satisfaction ratings in the
market. We, our company, like our vehicles, with care. Visit a
dealership to pick out your perfect new car. To lócate a dealer
near you, cali our 800 number.
C to explain a c o m p a n y ’s new advertising
' l c a m p a ig n J ~ '
D to re p o rt th e results o f sa tisfactio n scores o f
a co m p a n y
2
W hat is responsible fo r th e sales increase?
M a tch th e w ords (1 -6) w ith the
definitions (A-F).
1 O design
4 T i autom o bile
B a ch ange in th e m arket
2
A co n su m e r
5 C , driver
C a new a dvertising cam paign
3
i _ m arket
6 5? advertising
A
a person w h o buys or m ay buy a p ro d u ct
W hat sh ou ld cu sto m e rs do if th e y w a n t to
" .e s t in D avidson M otors?
B using d ifferent fo rm s o f m edia to increase sales
A em ail th e office
D to plan o ut h o w so m e th ing w ill loo k and w o rk
a person w h o o pe rates a m o to r vehicle
B ca¡ th e 800 num ber
a m otorized vehicle w ith fo u r w heels
C
buying and selling th a t o ccurs in a p articular
ind u stry
. s it t h e r local dealership
D b row se th e w e b site fo r m ore inform ation
4
©
A a new ca r design
D a ch ange in d is trib u tio n
3
V o cab u lary
A1!'-ANDRO
0K0ZCO
O R ead th e sen ten ce pairs. C ho ose the
sen ten ce th a t uses th e underlined part
correctly.
S p eakin g
0W ith a p a rtn e r, a c t o u t th e ro le s b e lo w
b a s e d o n T a s k 7 . T h e n , s w itc h ro le s .
1 A The salesm an show ed th e co up le a new car.
B The salesm an is a consum en
2
A A d ve rtisin o ¡s a d ivisión th a t m akes
Products.
B F actories usually m an u fa ctu re p roducts.
3
A C o n ta c t th e sales d e p a rtm e n t fo r price
inform ation.
B The a utom o bile a ccid e n ta lly crashed the
d rive r into a parked car.
4
A D istribution is th e a ct o f m oving g o o d s from
a central location.
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
W hy do y o u w a n t this p o s itio n ?
Y
W hat k in d o f e xperience d o yo u have?
I h a v e ... years o f experience in ...
S tu d en t A: You are an interview er. Talk to
S tu d en t B about:
•
an open position
•
his or her experience
•
w h a t he or she did in his oíd position
B To design so m e th ing is to try to sell it.
0 Q> Listen and read the w e b p a g e again.
W hat resources are available fo r potential
custom ers?
S tudent B: You are an interview ee. Talk to
S tu d en t A a b o u t y o u r experience.
W riting
0Use th e w e b p a g e and th e conversation
Listening
0
Listen to a conversation b e tw een an
interview er and an interview ee. M a rk the
following statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
from Task 8 to fill out th e w o rksh eet.
1 __The m an is new to th e a u to m o b ile industry.
O
2
__The m an w o rke d in sales.
3
__The m a n ’s last co m p a n y closed.
0 Listen again and c o m p le te the
conversation.
f~~". e e r :
It’s good to m eet you, Mr. Ham ilton. f
W hy do you w a n t th is 1 _______ ? '
l’m interested in a dvancing in the
2 ________ industry.
Interview er:
W hat kind o f 3 ________ do you have
already?
Interview ee:
I have ten years o f e xperience in sales.
I w as th e a ssistant m anager o f a
4 _________________ dealership.
Interview er:
5
___________yo u r d uties there?
Interview ee:
I m ade sure everyone m et th e ir q uo ta s
and ke pt th e 6 ________ happy.
Interviewer Ñame: Naom i W ilson
Applicant Ñame:
Ju stin H am ilton
Applicant’s Previous Position:
Applicant’s Experience:
_________
re ar-vie w m irror
G e t ready!
O
Before you read the passage, ta lk
about th ese questions.
^ s teering w h ee l J
1 W hat are th e d ifferent pedáis in a car
used for?
2
W hat parts are fo u nd inside a car?
R n d c rs o n
From: Management
R E : Changes to DTX Destgn
There w a s a research a nd d e ve lo p m e n t m e e tin g yesterday.
A t th is m eeting, w e d ecide d to ch an g e th e design o f th e DTX.
There w ere several fla w s in th e original design. The changes are
aTshefollow
s. box ta ke s u p to o m uch sp ace on th e passenger’s
glove
side. W e need to change this. T he gas pedal and brake pedal
are to o c ió s e together. T h is is dangerous. W e a lso need to
redeslgn th e steering wheel. It w o rks perfectly, how ever th e
inve sto rs ju s t d o n ’t like h o w it loo ks. T h e sam e g o e s fo r
th e shifter knob. L e t’s g ive th e m s o m e th in g m odern.
The rear-view mirror and blinker switch are fine. B ut th e fuse
box o n th e driver’s side needs w o rk. It’s d ifficu lt to access.
s h ifte r knob
b lin ker sw itch
V o cab u lary
0
R eading
0
Fill in th e blanks w ith th e c o rre c t w ords or
phrases from the w ord bank.
R ead th e m em o. Then, choose th e c o rrect
answ ers.
1 W hat is th e m ain ¡dea o f th e m em o?
A to explain ch an g es ¡n a design
glove box fuse box
rear-view m irror
shifter knob
steering w heel
blinker sw itch
B to give a rem inder a b o u t a design m eeting
C to sum m arize the design o f a new autom obile
D to su gg e st w ays to m ake fu tu re designs
m ore appealing
2
3
W hich o f th e fo llo w in g d oe s NO T require a
change?
A th e rear-view m irro r
C th e s h ifte r knob
B th e glove box
D th e gas pedal
W hy d oe s th e fuse b o x need to be redeslgned?
A
:'s a safety hazard.
B
:'s d m c u lt to access.
C tt ta ke s u p to o m uch space.
D It d oe s n o t look appealing.
t
1 The d rive r uses th e ’
tu rn th e car.
To signal a turn, th e idiiiver sh ou ld use th e
y - w \
The q \ f t \ J € U p v
__ is a g o o d place to
keep c a r re g is tra ro n papers.
D rlvers sh ou ld a lw ays ch e c k th e
-A /i
fVvVbefore backing up.
S o m e tim es a d rive r has to ch e c k the
1
if there is an electrical
problem .
.
The
^ k r o b is on th e end o f th e
stick a driver uses to select w hich gear to shift to.
O Read th e sentence pairs. C hoose w hich
w ord or phrase best fits each blank.
S p eakin g
ALEJANDRO
OROZCO
0W ith a partner, a c t out th e roles below
based on Task 7. Then, sw itch roles.
1 p a ss e n g e r’s side / driver’s side
A The side o f th e ca r th a t th e person operating
th e vehicle sits in is called the
B The person w h o rides in an a utom o bile sits
on th e ¿ v
y ._____________.
2
b rake pedal / gas pedal
A The d rive r uses th e W c - k o
to s to p th e car.
o t- J c J .
B To accelerate th e car, th e d rive r should use
th e
í
0 í»
Listen and read th e m em o again. W hy
d on’t th e investors like th e steering w heel
and shifter knob?
S tu d e n t A: You are an engineer. Talk to S tu d en t B
about:
•
a design y o u ’re w o rkin g on
•
parts o f th e design to change
•
parts o f th e design to keep th e sam e
S tu d e n t B: You are an engineer. Talk to S tu d en t A
a b o u t a design y o u ’re w o rkin g on.
Listening
0
$ Listen to a conversation betw een tw o
engineers. M a rk th e follow ing sta te m e n ts
as true (T) or false (F).
1 __The w om a n already read th e m em o.
W riting
0U se th e m em o and the conversation from
Task 8 to fill out th e m em o.
2 __The pedáis need to be changed.
3 __The steering w heel is to o large.
0
U Listen again and c o m p lete the
conversation.
E ngineer 1 : Did you read th e m em o a b o u t th e
design ch an g es fo r th e DTX?
E ngineer 2:
• • • m e m o
To: M anagem ent
RE: Progress on design changes
Here are th e changes w e ’ve c o m p le te d so far:
No I d id n ’t. W hat are th e y changing?
E ngineer 1: 1 _________________ . There w ere three
or fo u r th in g s to re-do.
E ngineer 2:
Really? I c a n ’t 2 ______
Like w hat?
E ngineer 1: The b rake pedal and 3
________ w ere to o cióse together.
E ngineer 2:
Oh, yeah, th a t’s a 4 ________ . W h at did
th e y like?
E ngineer 1: They loved th e 5 _________
E ngineer 2: T h a t’s g oo d . We w o rke d 6 .
________ on that.
Here's w h a t w e stH need to do:
3
Car Interiors 2
G e t ready!
O
Before you read th e passage, ta lk about
th ese questions.
1 W hat are som e d ifferent kinds o f seats in
autom o biles?
2
GSHB»
W hat are som e features o f cars th a t
m ake th e m m ore co m fortab le ?
The Cruiser by Regal Motors
Regal M o to rs ju s t p ro d u c e d a n o th e r g rea t a uto m o b ile .
It
raises
th e
in d u stry
s ta n d a rd s
fo r
quality.
M ost noticeable ¡s the interior. The bucket seats in the front
are heated and adjustable. The head rests are rem ovable,
as w ell. The b a c k seat, a bench seat, is sim ila rly
c o m fo rta b le . W in d o w s w itc h e s are m o u n te d on each o f
the fo u r d oo r panels. They are easy to reach and opérate.
The c o n s o lé is also easy to a cce ss and to ujnderstand.
There are p lenty o f cup holders, includ ing five in th e b ack
alone. The d o o r han d les and lo cks are n o t d iffic u lt to
lócate. The only area fo r im p ro ve m e nt is th e trunk. It really
isn ’t large enough.
4.5 stars out of 5
R eading
©
Read the review . Then, choose the co rre ct answ ers.
V ocabu lary
1 W hat is th e p urp ose o f th e article?
© M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-6)
w ith th e definitions (A-F).
A to advertise a new a utom o bile design
2
3
1 __lo ck
4 O
C to define th e d ifferent parts o f an autom o bile
2
\ J tru n k
5
D tn list qnn ri.anr i .had features n f an autom obile
3
£
6
W hich o f the follow ing does the author NOT like?
co nso lé
b ack seat
d o o r panel
A cu p h old er
A the tru n k
C th e b a c k seat
A a device designed to hold beverage
containers
B the head rests
D the d o o r handles
B a part o f th e c a r used fo r storage
W hat is tru e o f th e b u cke t seats?
X
a seat in th e rear o f a car
A They are heated.
som ething th a t does not allow a d oo r to
be opened
B They are in th e back.
th e inside p art o f a d o o r
C They have b uilt-in cu p holders.
a p art in th e fro n t o f a ca r th a t
co ntains th e radio and o th e r Controls
D They have n on -rem o vab le head rests.
8
c>
B to s u g g e st changes to an a u to m o b ile design
0
S p eakin g
W rite a w ord or phrase th a t is sim ilar in
m eaning to th e underlined part.
0
1 T h e d o o r w o u ld n ’t open because th e part used
fo r o penina the d e o r w as broken.
fo * n e / l b
2
3
4
5
W ith a partner, a ct out th e roles below
based on Task 7. Then, sw itch roles.
USE LA NG U AG E S U C H AS:
To roll d ow n th e w indow , ju s t use th e b u tto n on
the d o o r panel used fo r openina and closina the
W indow s.
w ifc d o w
s ^ tc h
W hat are som e o f the features?
T h e ... i s ... than p re vio u s m odels.
W hat a b o u t th e ...?
The d rive r a dju sted th e part o f th e seat
desianed to su p p o rt a p erso n ’s h e a d .
\e £ d
r« & t
S tu d e n t A : You are a salesperson. Talk to
S tu d en t B about:
The d riv e r’s seat w a s a kind o f seat w ith a deep.
round s h a p e .
buok^t
ie ^ t
In th e b a c k o f th e ca r th e seat w a s a kind o f fíat
seat m ade fo r m ore than one p e rso n .
b < jn ® ;V \ s ^ a ^ "
•
a c a r he or she is interested in
•
interior features o f th e car
•
h ow th e features co m p a re to o th e r m odels
S tu d e n t B: You are a custom er. Talk to S tu d e n t A
a bo u t a ca r y o u ’re interested in.
0
Listen and read th e review again. W h at
does th e review er say is th e m ost
noticeable part of th e Cruiser?
W riting
Listening
0
U se th e review and the conversation from
Task 8 to fill ou t th e c u s to m e r inform ation
sheet.
0
Listen to a conversation b e tw een a
c u s to m e r and a salesperson. M a rk the
following statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 __The ca r is th e m ost p op u la r m odel.
2
3
0
__The tru n k is sm aller than previous m odels.
The bench seats and bucket seats are heated.
U Listen again and c o m p lete the
conversation.
C u stom er:
It sure looks nice. W h at are som e
o f th e 1 ________ ?
X
S alesperson: The 2 ________ is b ig g er than previous
m odels.
C u stom er: T h a t’s nice. I alw ays have a lot to
carry. 3 _______________ ?
S alesperson:
The 4 _________________ are heated.
C ustom er:
Wow, th a t so un d s nice! W hat a b o u t
th e 5 _________________ ?
S alesperson:
It’s not heated. B ut it is 6
th is m odel.
in
9
4
Gauges and Meters
js a
/
n o
G et ready!
7 3 0
'
ta c h o m e te r
O Before you read the passage, talk
a b o u t th ese questions.
1 W hat are so m e co m m o n m eters
and gauges fo u n d in cars?
2 W hat is th e p urp ose o f a
a
ta ch om e te r?
Section 3.4:
Gauges]
j
... a n d Meters
Your dash board contains m any ¡m portant
gauges and m eters. The s p ee d o m e te r is in
th e very c e n te r o f th e in stru m e n t cluster.
D ire ctly b eneath th e s p e e d o m e te r are the
odo m eters. O ne keeps tra c k o f th e num ber o f
m iles th e c a r has been d rive n in its life tim e .
The o th e r can be reset to keep tra c k o f
individual J ü p s -T o th e left o f the sp ee d om e te r
are th e fuel gauge and te m p e ra tu re gauge.
On th e o p p o s ite sid e is th e ta c h o m e te r.
U n d er th e ta ch om e te r, y o u ’ll fin d th e
v o ltm e te r. C ars w ith an a u to m a tic
tra n s m is s io n co n ta in a g e ars h ift
position indicator. In a d d itio n , all
ve hicle s are e q u ip p e d w ith one
or m ore w arn in g lights.
rs nuil*
cm
R eading
@ R ead th e section from th e o w n e r’s
m anual. Then, choose th e c o rrect
answ ers.
1 W hat is th e m ain idea o f th e section?
A h ow to read gauges and m eters
B w h a t gauges and m eters are on the
¿íashooarc
V o cab u lary
C w hen a gauge or m eter sh ow s danger
@ M a tc h th e w ords or phrases (1-6) w ith the
definitions (A-F).
D available gauge and m eters upgrades
W hich is NO T included in both cars w ith
and w ith o u t a u to m a tic tra nsm issio n s?
A a ta c h o m e te r
B a g ea rshift ind ica to r
C a te m pe ra tu re gauge
D an o d o m e te r
3
W hich is to th e right o f th e sp eedom eter?
A th e o d o m e te r
B th e vo ltm e te r
C the fuel gauge
D th e te m pe ra tu re gauge
1 __ta c h o m e te r
4
2
5 O instru m en t cluste r
v o ltm e te r
3 __d ashboard
O te m pe ra tu re gauge
6 A . w a rning light
'ia light that turns on when the car needs attention
B a m eter th a t sh ow s how fa s t the engine is revolving
a grou p o f gauges and m eters loca te d on one
panel
J > ^ a gauge th a t sh ow s h o w w arm or cool an engine is
E th e part o f th e ca r belo w th e w in dsh ield
F a gauge th a t gives inform a tio n a b o u t th e electrical
system o f a car
O
R ead th e sen tences and choose the co rrect
w ords or phrases.
S p eakin g
0
1 To c h e c k the speed o f a car, th e driver should
exam ine th e ta c h o m e te r/s p e e d o m e ter.
2
3
The d rive r n o tice d th a t he w a s in reverse by
ch ecking th e gearshift p o s itio n /te m p e ratu re
gauge.
USE LA NG U AG E S U C H AS:
D o y o u have any que stion s a b o u t...?
W hat is th e ... for?
The v o ltm e te r/fu el gauge t ells th e d rive r w hen
he o r she needs to g et m ore gas.
T
Wait, l ’m sorry. W hy is th e ... ?
4 The o d o m e te r/w a rn in a light sh ow s how m any
m iles a car has driven.
0
W ith a partner, a c t out th e roles below
based on Task 7. Then, sw itch roles.
S tu d e n t A: You are a salesperson. Talk to
S tu d e n t B about:
í» Listen and read the section from the
o w n e r’s m anual again. W hat is located in
th e c e n te r of th e instrum ent cluster?
•
a ca r he o r she is interested in
•
q u e stio n s he or she has a b o u t gauges and
m eters
•
a sp e cific m eter or gauge
Listening
0
1 __The w om an asks a b o u t th e voltm eter.
W riting
2 __The car d oe s n ot have a tachom eter.
0
3 __The car has a broken te m p e ra tu re gauge.
0
S tu d e n t B: You are a c u sto m e r looking fo r a car.
Talk to S tu d en t A a b o u t gauges and m eters.
$ Listen to a conversation b e tw een a
salesperson and a custom er. M a rk the
following statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
U se th e section from th e o w n e r’s m anual
and th e conversation from Task 8 to fill out
th e c u s to m e r c o m m e n t card.
Q Listen again and c o m p le te the
conversation.
gives inform ation
S alesperson: The 1
a b o u t th e c a r’s e le ctrical system s.
C ustom er:
S alesperson:
C ustom er:
S alesperson:
C ustom er:
All right. And th e 2 ________ ?
The ta c h o m e te r sh ow s how fast
3 _________________ is running.
N orm ally it W hy is the
W ait, 4 ______________
te m pe ra tu re gauge so low?
Customer Comment Card
How satisfied were you with your Service
today?
Actually, th a t gauge isn ’t 5 _
T h a t’s to o ¡m portant. I’ll have to keep
6 ________ . Thanks.
What questions did you have for the
salesperson?
Did you purchase a car today? Why or Why
not?
r
___
5
Suspensión
s tab ilizer bars
G et reaay!
chassis
O
ram e
B efore you read the passage, talk
a b o u t th ese questions.
1 W h at is th e p urpose o f th e
su spensión system ?
2 W hat are som e different
kinds o f springs?
leaf spring
ball jo in t
a ir spring
con sorin
Dawn,
l’ll be gone all m ornlng. Please co m p le te th e fo llo w in g
tasks.
• The tru c k has a bent chassis. Put it on th e fra m e
m achine and bend it back. Be sure to ch e c k the
s tab ilize r bars.
R eplace th e shock a bso rbers on th e van. I c a n ’t
re m e m be r if it has coil springs, a ir springs, or
leaf springs. You sh ou ld be abie to tell.
A d ju s t the torsión bars in th e SUV.
In s p e c t th e s tru t susp en sió n o f th e s p o rts car.
I th in k th e M ac P h e rs o n stru ts need to be
replaced.
L o o k fo r w e a r on th e b u s ’s ball jo in ts . It has a
d o u b le -w is h b o n e suspensión. T h a t’s a kind o f
m ultilink suspensión, ¡n case you a ren ’t sure.
Thanks,
Joe
V o cab u lary
0
M a tch the w ords or phrases (1-8) w ith the
definitions (A-H).
1 ib- tram e
2
to rsió n bar
R eading
3 C
coil spring
4
ball jo in t
0
Read th e note. Then, ch oose th e c o rrect
answ ers.
5
air spring
6
ü
1 W h at is th e p urp ose o f th e note?
7
fe. M acP herson s tru t
A to list w o rk th a t needs to be don e _
s h o c k a bso rbe r
8 A_ d o u b le -w is h b o n e suspensión
B to co m p lain a bo u t unfinished w o rk
C to explain h ow to perform a p rocedure
D to define d ifferent suspensión system s
2
3
W hat is d am aged on th e tru ck?
A the to rs ió n bars
C th e chassis
B m e ball jo ln ts
D th e sh o c k absorbers
W hat • ~d o f suspensión system does th e bus
have?
A a system w here w heels are held by tw o
y-sh a p e d arm s
. B a fle xib le ty p e o f c o n n e ctio n in a suspensión
system
^jG '-'a spiral shaped piece o f m etal th a t expa n ds
and co n tra c ts
D a device near w heels to reduce th e e ffe ct o f
b um p s and sh ocks
A stnjT suspensión
E a m etal rod w ith a coil spring and sh ock
a bso rbe r a ttached to it
B leaf sp^ - g suspensión
F a m etal rod th a t tw is ts w hen th e w heels turn
C to rsió n b a r suspensión
G th e underlying su p p o rt system o f a vehicle
D d o u o ie - s ^ o c r e suspensión
H a spring th a t uses air to a bso rb sh ocks
S p eakin g
O Fill in th e blanks w ith th e co rre ct w ords or phrases from
th e w ord bank. /
o m
\
0W ith a partner, a ct out the
A
B NK
roles b elo w based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
chasgís stabilizér bar stru t sys^ension
m ultilink suspensión
leaf spring
1 A
/o f5 v is a kind o f spring th a t is like m any
— • sheets o f m etal sta cked on to p o f each other.
2
A ty p e o f suspensión system th a t uses at least fo u r arm s and
no s tru ts is called a
t i i ¡ y\ K
^ o t \ .
3
The
4
The m etal rod th a t co n n e cts th e suspensión system is called a
5
K Z 'Z .V ' A ) C iV
A su spensión system th a t uses a m etal bar w ith a coil spring
and sh o c k a b so rb e r is called a S V v - r \
^ ' 5 >'0 ^
v r u -■
'
______ is the internal su p p o rt o f a car.
0$
Listen and read th e note again. W h a t w o rk does the
S U V need done to it?
Listening
S tu d e n t A: You are a m echanic,
Talk to S tu d en t B about:
•
the to -d o list he o r she left
fo r you
•
w h a t you have co m p leted
•
w h a t you still need to do
S tu d e n t B: You are a manager. Talk
to S tudent A about a to -d o list you
left fo r him or her.
0$
Listen to a conversation b e tw een a m echanic and an
au to m otive shop m anager. M a rk th e follow ing
sta te m e n ts as true (T) or false (F).
|1
__The w o m a n d id n ’t finish th e list.
0 U se th e note and the
conversation from Task 8 to fill
out th e e n g in e e r’s em ail.
Z _ The w o m a n fixed th e fram e o f th e truck.
_
W riting
The w om an already adjusted the torsión bars.
( Listen again and c o m p lete th e conversation
nic: l’m n ot 1
M anager:
W h at did you 2
through, b u t I g o t a lo t done.
?
anic: I b en t th e tru c k ’s 3
_ back.
sger: Oh g oo d . W hat else d id 4
?
on th e van.
B ut I still need to a d ju st th e S U V ’s to rsió n bars.
3nic: I already replaced th e 5 _
M anager:
H ere’s w h a t I finished fro m y o u r list:
Great. L e t’s g et sta rte d on th o se 6
I still need to 1
Car Exteriors 1
side m irror
4
headlight
6
b um per
To: L o t E m p lo ye e s
From: M ik e G a rla n d,
G e t ready!
0
B efore you read th e passage, ta lk about
th es e questions.
1 W h at are som e d ifferent parts o f th e o utside
o f a car?
2
W h at kind o f d am age can happen to a car?
R eading
0 R ead the m em o. Then, choose th e c o rrect
answ ers.
G e n e ra l M a n a g e r
Re: S to rm
As you know , w e had a bad sto rm last night. A lót o f tree
bran che s fell. So so m e cars m ig h t be d am aged. Please
ch eck fo r d ents or scratche s on all o f the cars. Inspect th e
hood, bum per, ten d er, and doo rs o f every car. Please
also c h e c k fo r c ra c k s ¡n th e w in d sh ield , side m irrors,
b rake lights, tail lights and headlights. L e t’s ch e ck fo r
e le ctrical or m ech a nlca l dam age, too. A fte r you in s p e c t
th e body, te s t th e high b e am s and w ip ers . They m ust
w o rk fo r all te s t drives. Please re p o rt any d am a ge in
w riting to y o u r supervisor.
1 W hat is th e p urp ose o f th e m em o?
A to instru ct e m ployees to search cars fo r
dam age
B to re po rt d am age caused by a s to rriy
• 1
to w arn em ployees a bo u t an app roa ch in g
storm /
D to estím ate the cost o f dam age from a storm
W h at kind o f ca r dam age is NO T expe cte d?
V o cab u lary
0 M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-6) w ith the
definitions (A-F).
1
door
4
2
w ipers
5
A w in dsh ield
3 ^
b um p er
6
side m irror
headlight
A dented d o o rs
A th e w ld e fro n t w in d o w o f a car
B cracked w in dsh ields
C dim tail lights
B a sm all m irro r on th e fro n t d o o r o f a ca r th a t
sh ow s tra ffic fro m behind
D scratche d hoods
C a p ro te ctive rim on th e fro n t and b ack o f a car
W hat should em ployees d o a bo u t ca r dam age?
D long blades on th e fro n t w in d o w th a t clean thls
w in d o w
A re po rt itto t h e ir su pe rviso r
B fin d o u t w h o o r w h a t d am aged th e car
C fix sm all scratche s and d ents
D p ut n otes on d am aged cars
E a barrier on th e side o f a ca r used to enter or
e xit th e vehicle
F a b rig h f lig h t a t th e fro n t o f a car used w hen it is
d a rk o utsid e
- S t
and choose the co rrect
C k O IC O
S p eakin g
0
- - : : a h ig h beam s before
rre tc .
W ith a partner, a c t out th e roles below
based on Task 7. Then, sw itch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
see his fe n d e r/b ra k e lights
S om e o f the p a r s ...
rs o f th e car p ro te c t its
T
Please f i x ...
1 c a n ...
re ;
oop open the c i r ’s tail light/
e
s w ip ers /tail lights flash just
S tu d e n t A: You are a m anager. Talk to S tu d e n t B
about:
» —SE=*~ and read the m em o again. W hat
oarts of the cars em ployees
r r e c k fo r dam age?
•
th e typ e o f d á m a g e 'to th e cars
•
w h e th e r th e he or she can fix th e cars
•
w h ich repairs need to be done first
S tu d e n t B: You are a m ech a nic in a c a r lot. Talk
to S tu d en t A a b o u t repairing dam age to cars.
Ls-.e'- to a conversation b e tw een a
and a m echanic. M a rk th e
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
_ Som e ca r h oods are d am aged w ith d ents
and scratches.
~ h e m an can fix th e cracked w indsh ield.
W riting
0
U se th e m em o and th e conversation from
Task 8 to fill out th e c a r repair ch e c k list.
“ h e w om an w a n ts th e cracke d w in dsh ield
'epalred first.
* Listen again and co m p le te the
conversation.
BEST LOT CARS
Z
Som e cars on th e lot have 1
.o n th e hoods.
ic:
Okay, I 2 _____________
_______those.
er: There is also one badly 3 ___________
iic: 4 _________________ th e w in dsh ield
repair m an to co m e and fix that.
er:
Okay, g oo d . Please fix th e 5 ______
h oods first.
1
Car R e p a i r C h e c k L i s t
H ow m any cars need to be fixed?
W hich p arts o f th e cars need to be fixe d?
(Fill o u t below )
II.I.UJAIJJI.L.IA
Busy
m em o L O T
To: Lot Employees
From: Jim Schaffer, General Manager
Re: New Models
G e t ready!
AUTO SALES
O B efore you read th e passage, talk
about th ese questions.
O ur ca r d ealership w ill receive new m od e ls n ext week. S om e o f
th e basic features w ill rem ain th e sam e. These inelude th e grill,
blinker, side panel and u n d ercarriag e. The trim on th e new
1 W hat are som e basic parts all cars have?
m odels will offer new options. These inelude m ore trunk space,
2 W hat are som e extra c o m p o n e n ts a car
larger w heels, and d elu xe hubeaps. A p op u la r feature on the
can co m e w ith?
new m o d e ls is th e sunroof. It’s a b it larger th a n p reviou s
1 versions. Also, o nly new m od e ls w ill have th e hitch o ptio n .
\
Please tell c u s to m e rs a b o u t all o f th e new o p tio n s fo r th e
R eading
\
new m odels. C u sto m ers can choo se betw een standard or
0 Read th e m em o. Then, choose th e co rrect \ new features.
answ ers.
\
~-----------------------------------------------------------------“
W hat is th e p urp ose o f th e m em o?
V o cab u lary
A to tell e m ployees a b o u t new c a r m odels
0 M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-5) w ith the
B to list th e price o f th e new ca r m odels
C to d e scrib e o p tio n s available o nly on new
m odels
to request fe e d b a ck on th e new ca r o ptio n s
definitions (A-E).
1 C
grill
D b lin ke r
4 ? ^ _ undercarriage
5 _
trim
A i side panel
W hich o f th e fo llo w in g w ill NO T be larger in the
new m odels?
th e level o f extra features a ca r co m e s w ith
A su nro of
C tru n k
B side panel
D w heels
the c o m p o n e n t on th e left o r rig h t portio n o f the
car
.'.'"iich o f th e se is available as an upgraded
c c : o r o " r e new ca r m odels?
A urx>=<car-aqe
b lirx e ^
C hubeaps
a m etal covering w ith bars a t th e fro n t o f a car,
th a t a llo w s air to enter
a device th a t a llow s a driver to indícate a left or
right turn
th e fra m e w o rk s u p p o rtin g a ca r fro m below
c
O
©
R ead the sen ten ces and choose th e c o rrect
w ords or phrases.
1
G abriel loves to drive w ith th e su nroof/hitch
open.
2
Please fix th e tru n k /h u b c a p on th e left rear
wheel.
3
M a rth a ’s new ca r has so m uch m ore tru n k /
trim space.
4
C heck yo ur blinker/w heels fo r air before driving.
5
We w ill use th e jiitc h /s id e panel to a ttach our
trá ile r fo r th e trip.
o
S p eakin g
A L B iiA n v H w
OROZCO
© W ith a partner, a ct out th e roles below
based on Task 7. Then, sw itch roles.
Listen and read th e m em o again. W hich
featu res are options fo r th e n ew car
m odels?
U
Listening
©
©
$ Listen to a conversation b e tw een tw o
salespeople. M a rk th e follow ing s tatem en ts
as true (T) or false (F).
1 __A hitch and su nro of are tw o o f th e features
on new m odels.
W riting
2
__S tandard m odels w ill c o s t less than th e new
m odels.
©
3
__The new o p tio n s on th e new c a r m odels
m ay lead to m ore sales.
New Car Model
«i Listen again and co m p le te the
conversation.
S alesperson 1:
U se th e m em o and th e conversation from
Task 8 to fill ou t th e new car m odel ch eck
list.
Hi, did you hear a bo u t the
1
co m in a ¡n?
O
S alesperson 2: Yes. W hat are som e o f th e new
2
?
S alesperson 1: Well, th e su n ro o f is a big one.
T h ere ’s also 3
a hitch.
M ake and M odel o f car:
M ake: ___________________________________________
fo r
S alesperson 2:
Is th is goinq to 4
prices m uch?
th e car
S alesperson 1:
w ill
I th in k so. 5
c o s t a lot less than these new ones.
M odel: __________________________________________
A d de d features includ e d large (sunroof, hitch, etc.).
Please fill in below.
S alesperson 2: W hen are th e y Corning in?
S alesperson 1:
N ext week. So w e can s ta rt to
6
it even now.
S alesperson 2: T h at’s great. I th ink a lot o f custom ers
will be interested.
W hen w ill th is new m odel arrive?
1
I
G e t ready!
0
B efore you read th e passage, talk
a b o u t th ese questions.
1 W hat are som e d ifferent parts o f a tire?
2
W hy is th e tire such an ¡m portant
co m p o n e n t o f a car?
Macn VT
MSRP $399
The M ach VT ¡s th e best tire fo r s p o rts cars.
It has a speed rating o f 100 and sleek, w hite
sidew alls.
Assurance Ultímate
MSRP $299
This tire features e xcellent control in d ifficu lt road
c o n d itio n s . A radial th rea d keeps tires strong.
The enlarged tire w idth provides safer haridling
during bad w eather. It also has a speed rating o f
98. It c o m e s in several sizes to fit m any rim
diam eters.
Super Tread HT
MSRP $499
The S uper Tread HT has a load Índex o f 14 and
a heavy tru c k m etric. Its tread co m e s in a new
diagonal pattern fo r extra tra ction . W ith a speed
rating o f 75, it can handle any job . It w ill fit m ost
large tru c k rims.
V o cab u lary
0 M atch th e w ords or phrases (1-8) w ith the
definitions (A-H).
1 A . m etric
5 - t t r tire w id th
2 Q . speed rating
6
3 CL load Índex
7 G v tread
4
8
t
rim d ia m eter
£> rim
tire
A a co de th a t d en o te s th e prop er use o f a tire
B th e ce n te r o f a w heel th a t h olds a tire in place
R eading
C th e m áxim um m ass a tire can hold
0
D a num ber th a t d en o te s th e m áxim um speed a?
tire can handle
Read the prod uct list. Then, m ark the
following statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1
2
The A ssurance U ltím ate tire has th e highest
speed rating.
__Large tire w id th p rovide s safety in harsh
weather.
3 T
The S uper Tread HT features a radial thread.
E a covering th a t goes around a w heel rim to
enhance cushion and p erform ance
F th e d istan ce across th e ce nter o f a wheel
G a pattern o f ridges used to create tra c tio n on
a tire
H th e w id th o f a tire fro m sidew all to sidew all
O R ead the sen ten ce pairs. C hoose w hich w ord or phrase
best fits each blank.
1 sidew all / tread
A The
d ________p rovide s tra c tio n fo r th e tire.
B Lócate th e load Índex and speed rating on the
S p eakin g
0
W ith a partner, a c t out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
l ’m lo o k in g f o r ...
2
radial / diagonal
A The layers o f c o rd s in a
strong.
1 .
TO d i o '
B N ew tires feature r ! ¡Q O y \T \& \
©
G o t it.
tire are very
tread patterns.
«♦ Listen and read the product list again. W h at is a
b enefit of an enlarged tire w idth?
Listening
C
T h a t s o u n d s ...
Listen to a conversation b e tw een a salesm an and a
custom er. C hoose th e co rre ct answ ers.
1 W h a t is th e co nve rsatio n m ainly about?
S tu d e n t A: You are a salesm an.
Talk to S tu d e n t B about:
•
tire typ e s
•
fu n ctio n o f tires
•
tra ctio n
S tu d e n t B: You are a custom er.
Talk to S tu d e n t A a b o u t replacing
yo ur tires.
A co m p a rin g tread p atte rn s
B assessing speed ratings
2
C co m p a rin g tires fo r harsh w e a th er
W riting
D replacing tires
0 Use the product list and the
W hy does th e salesm an su gg e st th e S uper Tread LT?
conversation from Task 8 to fill
out th e report.
A it com e s in m any d iffe re n t sizes
B it has a high load Índex and great tra ction
C it has a high speed rating
D it has a stylish sidew all
0
$ Listen again and c o m p lete th e conversation.
Salesm an:
W elcom e to C oretex Tires. H ow can I help you?
Custom er:
I’m looking fo r som e new 1 ________ .
Salesm an:
Okay, great. W hat ty p e o f vehicle d o you have?
Custom er:
It’s a tru ck. I do a lot o f 2 ________ w ith it.
Salesm an:
Okay. G ot it. Well, o u r “ S uper Tread HT” has a great
3
C ustom er: T h a t’s g oo d . B ut h o w is the 4 ________ ?
Salesm an: Very strong. It features a diagonal pattern in the
5 ________ .
C ustom er: That so un d s 6 ________ fo r me. I’m sold.
19
Options
G et ready!
R eading
O
0
B efore you read the passage, ta lk about
th es e questions.
Read the ¡nform ation sheet. Then, m ark the
following statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 W hat are som e different options available in cars?
1 __S atellite radio co m e s as standard.
2
2
__Leather seats d o n ot co m e as standard.
3
__The GPS so ftw are is new fo r th is m odel.
W h a t are th e m o s t p o p u la r o p tio n s in y o u r
country?
V o cab u lary
0
M a tc h th e w ords orphrases (1 -7) w ith the
definitions (A-G).
1 Q_ DVD player
4 Q
2 __heated seats
5 i ? satellite radio
3
6
__enterta inm e nt
system
leather
GPS
7 __rem óte sta rte r
A a m aterial m ade from anim al skin used in car
seats
a typ e o f radio system th a t uses satellite signáis
ra th e rth a n radio signáis
Starting at $21,000
Available Options
J0 a video player b u ilt in to th e car
The a ll-n e w H am oto 3i co m e s w ith standard
le a th er seats. H eated seats are also available fo r
cu sto m e rs in co id clim ates.
¿ X í so ftw are th a t tra cks th e position o f a car
anyw here in th e w orld
E a system in w h ich th e d rive r can s ta rt the
engine w ith o u t a key before entering th e car
Its brand new navigation system features updated
G P S softw are. There are th o u s a n d s o f restaurants
loaded into th e system .
C hoose from a full e n tertain m e n t system or DVD
players b uilt into th e seats. S a tellite radio is
also an available o ption.
For te c h n o lo g y lovers, th e H a m o to 3i
co m e s w ith a rem ó te s tarter
o ptio n .
*
F an A M /F M radio, satellite radio, a n d /o r DVD
system used to entertain th e passengers
A
ca r seats th a t have b u ilt-in heaters fo r c o m fo rt
in coid w e a th er
&
H««oro3¡
CBS
\
O Read the sen ten ce pairs. C hoose w hich w ord or phrase
best fits e ach blank.
1
S p eakin g
0W ith a partner, a c t out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
DVD player / rem ó te s tarter
A A
< 4 c w W a llow s th e d rive r to s ta rt th e engine
w ith o u t a key.
B A
2
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
0 ^ ) c jy m /6an entertain children on long drives.
GPS / leath er
J
A The
A re yo u in te re ste d in ...?
W hat d o yo u think a b o u t ...?
_______ option helps drivers avoid being lost.
B C ar b uye rs a p p re c ia te th e c o m fo rt o f
seats.
T
Have yo u e ver w a n te d ... ?
\ e a iV V \ f r v
S tu d e n t A: You are a salesm an.
Talk to S tu d en t B about:
0$
Listen and read th e inform ation sheet again. W h a t is
one b enefit of the n ew G PS softw are?
Listening
•
c a r o p tio n s
•
te ch n o lo g y
•
rem óte starters
0$
Listen to a conversation b e tw een a salesw o m an and
a custom er. C hoose th e co rre ct answ ers.
S tu d e n t B: You are a custom er.
Talk to S tu d en t A a b o u t your
interest in c a r optio n s.
1 W hat is th e conversation m ainly about?
2
0
A co m p a rin g GPS System s
C technological options
B prices fo r available o p tio n s
D safety and luxury o p tio n s
W hat interests th e c u s to m e r th e m ost?
W riting
A rem óte sta rte r
C DVD player
0
B satellite radio
D heated seats
Use th e inform ation sheet and
the conversation from Task 8
to fill out th e sales report.
U Listen again and c o m p le te th e conversation.
Salesw om an: T his ca r is a great ch oice fo r you. N ow let ’s
ta lk a b o u t 1 ________ .
W h at are you interested in?
C ustom er:
G reat. I love 2
S alesw om an: T h a t’s a g o o d start. The H am oto has a full
3 _________________ available.
C ustom er:
W ith satellite radio?
S alesw om an: Absolutely. S atellite radio, 4 ________ , navigation
System ...
C ustom er:
A nd a 5 _________________ , right?
S alesw om an: Right. If y o u ’re really into te chnology, m ay I m ake
another su ggestion?
C ustom er:
Sure.
S alesw om an: A 6 _________________ is also available. It’s really
convenient.
C ustom er:
T h a t’s th e one I really w a n te d. I’ll ta ke it all.
HAMOTO SALES TEAM
SALES REPORT
Date:
Salesperson Ñame:
Customer Ñame: _
Car sotó:________
Options Soid
_ ] EntertaÉnment System
J Leather Seats
_J Remóte Starter
_ | Navigation System
_J Heated Seats
Comments:
: '
\ Q Sedans
G e t ready!
O
B efore you read th e passage, ta lk about th es e questions.
1 W h at m akes a sedan d iffe re n t from
o th e r typ e s o f cars?
2
W hat are som e o f th e m ost p opular
ca r b o d y styles in y o u r co untry?
THE RESULTS ARE IN!
CAR DRIVER M AGAZINE
Vol. 24 | A ugust Issue
We took a look at the new “Blade” and here’s what we found.
The Blade com e s In tw o body styles: the
h a tch b ac k and th e coupe.
The coupe ¡s sm aller, b ut very sporty. U nllke
th e fo u r-d o o r hatchb a ck, th e Blade coupe
has a tw o -d o o r design. It seats three
people. It also features a m anual
transm lsslon.
The Blade hatchback has m ore cargo space.
This is because o f its fo u r-b o x design. The
pillar In th e rear is fo u r fe e t b ehind the C
pillar.
The ro of Une slants d ow n to th e rear, looking
m uch llke th e fa s tb a c k s o f years past.
Both models are great valué.
The hatchback is $ 8,999 msrp .
The coupe is $ 10,999 MSRP.
V o cab u lary
c oupe
0
M atch th e w ords or phrases (1 -7) w ith th e
definitions (A-G).
1 Q co up e
2
fa s tb a c k
A. sedan
3 ~L h a tch b a ck
4
r>
5 1 >_ box
6 C _ pillar
7
seat
__fa s tb a ck
A a general ca te g o ry o f passenger cars
B a portion o f a ca r b o d y design th a t divide s th e
stru ctu re o f th e car
R eading
C a vertical su p p o rt o f a cars w in d o w area
0
D a sm all, close d b o d y style sedan, ty p ica lly w ith
o nly tw o doors
Read the m ag azin e article. Then, m ark the
following statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 _£~The c o u p e has th e m ost cargo room .
2 ~ 1 ~ T b e h a tc h b a ck is a fo u r-b o x design.
3
__The h a tch b a ck is m ore expensive than the
coupe.
E a th re e -b o x b od y style th a t inco rpo ra tes the
cargo room w ith th e passenger area and is
accessed by a lifting d o o r in th e rear
F a b od y style w ith th e roofline slop in g dow n to
th e rear
G to have th e c a p a city to hold passengers
O Read th e sen ten ce pairs. C hoose w hich w ord or phrase
best fits e ach blank.
1 fo u r-d o o r / tw o -d o o r
A A
'. n - r)r< : y
B The
d o v~
passengers.
2
design is ty p ica l in coupes.
O W ith a partner, a c t out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
design is preferable fo r g roups o f
pillars / body styles
A S om e sedans co m e in a range o f 'oo ^
B The w in d o w areas are s u p p o rte d by
0
S p eakin g
V
' / l¡g S
9 i i I r> v A
.
0
Listen and read th e m ag azin e article again. W h a t is a
fe atu re of fastb acks?
S tu d e n t A: You are a manager.
Talk to S tu d e n t B about:
•
th e new ca r m odel
Listening
•
b o d y styles
0
$ Listen to a c o n v e rs a ro n b e tw een a m a n a g e r and a
salesw om an. C hoose th e co rre ct answ ers.
•
benefits
1 W hat is th e m ain b enefit o f th e hatchb a ck, a cco rd in g to the
S tudent B: You are a salesperson.
Talk to S tu d e n t A a b o u t th e new
car m odel.
m an?
A it has am pie space fo r cargo
B it has e xcelle n t gas m ileage
C it is s p o rty and fun to drive
D it has a fo u r-b o x b o d y design
2 W hat is th e w om a n likely to do next?
A ask her m anager fo r m ore inform a tio n
W riting
0
U se th e m ag azin e article and
the c o n v e rs a ro n from Task 8
to fill out th e research journal
B research m ore a b o u t th e Blade
C investígate the negative aspects o f the Blade
D ask a colleague fo r help
M A R T IN C A R S A L E S
M
RESEARCH JOURNAL
Listen again and c o m p lete th e c o n v e rsa ro n .
M an ager:
The new “ B lad e ” is in. Are you ready to sell?
S alesw om an: I haven’t don e m y 1 ________ yet. C an yo u tell
m e a bo u t it?
M anager:
S e lle r:_____
It’s great. It co m e s in a 2 ________ and a coupe.
C an _______
B o d y Styte:
Salesw om an: Nice. W hat is th e 3 ________________?
M anager:
The h a tc h b a ck has a fo u r-b o x design.
B e n e frts :__
Salesw om an: Really? It m ust have lots o f 4 _______________
M anager:
It does. T h a t’s a great 5 _______ .
O tne r notes:
Salesw om an: S o un d s like a 6 _________________ . I’ll do som e
m ore research rig h t away.
23
11
Compacts
G e t ready!
O B efore you read th e passage,
ta lk about th ese questions.
W hat are th e d ifferent ty p e s o f
c o m p a c t cars?
Report on Compact Car
Sales by Región (January - June)
Compact Car sales in urban areas increased. In
m e tro p o lita n areas, c o m p a c t ca rs (C -s e g m e n t) are
popular. They are easy to pa rk on busy c lty streets.
They d o n ’t ta ke up to o m uch sp ac e on cro w d e d roads.
Also, th e y are easier to drlve.
W hat are som e o f the
a dvantages o f
c o m p a c t cars?
Subcompact cars also sold w ell ¡n urban and su burban areas. In
su bu rba n areas, s u b c o m p a c ts (or superm inis) are p o p u la r fo r
w eekend drlves.
Mld-Size cars sold m uch b e tte r ¡n suburban areas than in urban
areas. M ore fa m ilie s w a n t a larger c a r like th ls. The g rea te r
c arg o a rea m akes th e m very deslrable. For all vehicles, w e
m ust co n tin u é to ta rg e t sales to c u s to m e rs ’ needs.
i m
m
í
vehicle j
R eading
( c o m p a c t car
0R ead th e report. Then, choose
th e co rre ct answ ers.
1 W h at is th e m ain ¡dea o f th e report?
A c o m p a c t ca r sales in d ifferent areas
B th e a dvantages o f c o m p a c t cars
C selling c o m p a c t cars to fam ilies
D the sizes o f d ifferent c o m p a c t cars
2
3
W hich o f th e se is NO T an advantage to driving a
c o m p a c t ca r in th e city?
A th e y are easier to drlve
M atch th e w ords (1 -5) w ith the
definitions (A-E).
0
B they are easier to park
1^
C th e y ta ke less space on busy c ity streets
2 C_ subcom pact
D th e y have greater cargo area
3
W h at does th e report say a bo u t fa m ilies in th e
su bu rb w ith c o m p a c t cars?
A any n um b er o f ty p e s o f cars used fo r driving
A they w a n t sm aller cars
C a sm all ca r w ith three. fo u r o r five d oo rs th a t
can seat up to fo u r passengers
B they enjoy m id -size cars w ith greater cargo area
they so m e tim es drive th e lr c o m p a c t cars to
urban areas
24
V o cab u lary
D th e y use th e ir c o m p a c t cars m ostly on the
w eekend
urban
_
4
vehicle
5 ]Q space
C -se g m e n t
B a sm all ca r intended fo r use in th e city
D th e p hysical a m o u n t o f room an entire c a r
takes
E a sm all c a r fo r fa m ilie s th a t can seat five
adults; th e European term fo r c o m p a c t car
O R ead th e sentences and choose th e c o rrect
w ords or phrases.
1 The M itchells love th e greater a m o u n t o f
p a rk in g /c arg o area in th e ir new m id -size car.
2
The s u p e rm in i/m id -size is p o p u la r on narrow
European Street?;
3
The fa m ily o p te d fo r a m id -s iz e /c o m p a c t car
to fit everyone m ore co m fortably.
4
It’s easier to park a c o m p a c t c a r/m id -s iz e on a
busy City Street.
5
Think about cargo area/parking space where you
live when you com pare the size o f car to buy.
S p eakin g
0W ith a partner, act out th e roles below
based on Task 7. Then, sw itch roles.
0$
Listen and read the report again. In
w hich areas did com pact car sales increase?
Listening
0
$ Listen to a conversation b e tw e e n a
salesperson and a custom er. M a rk the
following statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1
The w om a n cu rre n tly has a c o m p a c t car.
W riting
2
The w om a n is co nce rne d a b o u t th e lack of
space ¡n co m p a cts.
0U se th e rep o rt and th e conversation from
3
0
__The m an currently does not have m id-size
m od e ls to see.
0 Listen again and c o m p le te the
conversation.
S alesperson:
Hi, can 11 _________ ,_______ ?
C ustom er:
Do you have any 2 ________ - _____
cars?
S alesperson:
W e ju s t g o t a lot o f new m od e ls in.
C ustom er:
W e’d really like a 3 _______________
S alesperson:
Com pact C a rs ^
P r O S and
Cons List
Pros (Benefits)
Cons (Disadvantages)
M id -size cars have 4 ________
________ b ut th e y ’re still sm all.
C ustom er:
C ould I see one o f th e new m odels?
S alesperson:
Sure. We can even go fo r a 5 ______
C ustom er:
Task 8 to fill out th e c o m p a c t cars pros and
cons list.
Thanks. That w o u ld be 6
25
1 2 SUVs
auto news magazine
G e t ready!
O
B efore you read th e passage, ta lk
a b o u t th ese questions.
1 W hat are so m e o f th e features o f SUVs?
2
H ow m uch m ore size do SUVs and station
w a g on s have co m p a red to c o m p a c t cars?
Upjradiná to a lartjer Vehide
You m ay need to u p g ra d e to an S U V or
s tatio n w a g ó n . S ta tio n w a g o n s are still
p op u la r o p tio n s fo r fam ilies. W ith a ta ilg ate
in th e back, th e y o ffe r e xtra sp ace . SUVs
are a g rea t c h o ice fo r large fam ilies. M ost
can c o m fo rta b ly s e a t e ig h t passengers.
S om e m od e ls even have th ird row seating
fo r e xtra sp ace . Do you need room fo r
e q u ip m e n t o r y o u r pet? A d d a carg o
b a rrie r fo r safer tra n s p o rt o f th e se Ítem s.
These pow erful 4x4 vehicles o ffe r off-ro ad
driving capability. For a m ix o f ca r plus SUV,
lo o k into a crossover, w h ic h a lso o ffe rs
fo u r-w h e el drive.
station w ag ó n
R eading
0
R ead the m agazine article. Then,
choose the co rre ct answ ers.
1
W hat is th e m ain ¡dea o f th e advlce colum n?
A co m p a rin g SUVs to sta tion w a g on s
B new est features in SUVs
C g etting an SUV or sta tion w a g ón fo r m ore
space
D seating o p tio n s in SUVs
W hich o f th e fo llo w in g features a llo w s fo r m ore
seating in an SUV?
3
A ta ilg a te in th e b ack
C cargo barrier
B third row
D fo u r-w he e l drive
W hich o f th e se ch ara cte ristics is NOT in SUVs?
A th e y are 4x4 vehicles
B th e y can seat e ig h t passengers
_ _ ^i_ 4 h e y can a c c o m m o d a te a cargo barrier fo r
added safety
D th e y o ffe r a ta ilg ate entrance in th e back
V o cab u lary
0
M atch th e w ords or phrases (1-5) w ith the
definitions (A-E).
1
2
3
C
row
4 ,:4
o ff-ro ad
4x4
5
crosso ve r
_£) sta tion w agón
A any ty p e o f vehlcle th a t can be driven on and
o ff o f paved or gravel surface
B a stra lg h t Une w ith in a vehicle a llow lng fo r
passenger seating
C all fo u r w heels receive to rqu e from th e engine at
th e sam e tim e
D an SUV w ith light o ff-ro a d ca p a b ility and a
low er ground clearance than a regular SUV
E a ca r w ith a ro of over a shared passenger and
cargo space and a ta ilg ate
Sr'offiffl0
\
O - i in the bianks w ith th e co rrect w ords or phrases from
tr e w ord bank.
S p eakin g
0W ith a partner, a c t out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
SUV
ta ilg a te fo u r-w h eel drive
carg o barrier seating
USE LA NG U AG E S U C H AS:
We n e e d ...
_ t o ta ke o ur dog w ith us on
1 We added the
th e trip.
2 This c a r’s O Ci ^
These SUVs o ffe r ...
D o yo u th in k ...?
qi
W r t / nfekes it less likely to lose tra ction .
3 The fa m ily needed m ore passenger space so a(n)
_ w a s a g o o d o ption.
4 We opened the^ ^ - ' ^ y ' W ^
c i , »t<rs¡t ¡n th e b ack seats.
5 W ith m ore -V<* y l q j g W
drlves.
everyone is c o m fo rta b le on long
0 ÍJ
Listen and read th e m ag azin e a rticle again. W hat
options do SUVs and station w ag o n s offer?
Listening
0$
Listen to a conversation b e tw een a salesperson and
a custom er. M a rk th e fo llow ing sta te m e n ts as tru e (T) or
ta ls e (F).
1 __There is a third row o f seating in both vehicles.
0
2
__The w om an d o u b ts th a t she needs a cargo barrier.
W riting
3
__The m an and w om an both th in k a sta tion w a g ón is w orth
considering.
0U se th e m ag azin e article and
th e conversation from Task 8
to fill out th e notes.
Listen again and co m p le te th e conversation.
S alesperson:
Hi, h o w can I help you?
C u stom er: We need 1 _____________
our car.
. fo r o ur fam ily in
r
S alesperson: These new SUVs ju s t carne In. They offer a
2 _________________ o f seating and can seat eight
passengers.
SUVs and Station Wagón Features
H ow m any
passengers
H o w m any
passengers
C argo space
C argo space
D riving ca pa b ility
(off-road, etc.)
Driving c a p a b ility
(off-road, etc.)
C ustom er: W ow.
S alesperson: Also, th e re ’s a 3 .
space.
. optio n fo r m ore
C ustom er: That so un d s great. W hat a b o u t a 4 .
_? Do you th in k th a t m ig h t be another
o ptio n ?
Salesperson:
Definitely. They can seat six, and th e y have
a 5 ________ in back.
C ustom er: W e’ll d efin itely 6 ________ both. Thanks fo r y o u r tim e.
27
G et ready!
0
B efore you read th e passage,
ta lk about th ese questions.
Best Buys ¡nTown
Trucks andVans
1 W h a t are so m e o f th e d iffe re n t
ty p e s o f tru cks?
2 W hat are a fe w parts o f a tru ck?
From: C hris U pton, GeñeraTOañager
R eading
0 R ead th e m em o. Then, choose the
Manufacturer Options
for Trucks and Vans
co rre ct answ ers.
1 W h at ¡s th e m ain idea o f th e m em o?
A a co m p a riso n o f p ic k -u p tru c k s and
fu ll-size tru cks
B a list o f u pd a te d m an u fa ctu re r fe atures on
tru c k s and vans
C a request fo r new fu ll-size and heavy d uty
p icku p m odels
D a special o rde r o p tio n s fro m a d ea lersh ip to
a m anufacturer
2 W hich of the follow ing optio n s is NO T m entioned
fo r heavy d uty pickups?
A th e ch oice o f a long bed
We have som e new o p tio n s fo r tru cks and vans. N ew m odels
o f pickup tru ck s will be available. We w ill now carry tw o larger
size tru cks: fu ll-size p ic k u p s and heavy duty p icku p s. These
tw o new m od e ls co m e w ith either a sta n da rd bed or a long
bed. The heavy d u ty p icku p s will also have to w in g capacity.
The cab in both o f these new m odels w ill be deluxe. The new
mini p ic k u p tru c k is only available on special order. A new
m ulti-pa sse ng e r m inivan is also com ing. These m inivans
w ill all co m e w ith standard a u to m a tic locks and W indows.
Please m ake note o f these new changes.
V o cab u lary
0
M a tch the w ords (1-5) w ith the definitions
(A-E).
B d e lu x e c a b f
tru ck
4 CL_ m ini
C towing capability
cab
5 __full-size
D automatic locks and Windows
W h at can you infer a b o u t m inivans from the
passage?
L
bed
A th e enclosed space on a tru c k w here th e driver
sits
A th e y w o u id be a good o p tio n fo r fam ilies
B a large p icku p tru c k th a t can be used to haul
h e a v y lo a d s
B th e y c o m e in h ea vy-d u ty m odels
C a sm all p ic k u p tru c k used fo r light d u ty
C th e y are n ot as num erous as tru cks
D a vehicle m ainly intended to tra n s p o rt cargo
D th e y are a new typ e o f van m odel
E th e rear open area o f a tru c k
OROZCO
FiII in the blanks w ith th e co rrect w ords or phrases from
the w ord bank.
BANK
van
pickup tru c k tow ing capacity
m inivan
h e a v y d u ty
S p eakin g
© W ith a partner, a c t ou t the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
I have a ...
I can easily fit the bureau in the back o f the h
G eorge b o u g h t a n e w \? t-< y ii />
fam ily.
I ti i U c, n
O u r ... have the o p tio n o f ...
C X ^ j o b ette r fit his
c '' V
That w o u ld b e ...
V
One o f th e best features on th e larger tru c k is ¡ts
©
4
W ith his w o rk in c o n stru ctio n , a __
suit his needs.
5
A large P ,'C K T .p ________ is a p o p u la r ch oice o f vehicle fo r
farm ers and ranchers.
U c ,t|
S tudent A: You are a salesperson.
Talk to S tu d en t B about:
tru c k will
$ Listen and read th e m em o again. W h at options are
available on various tru c k s and vans?
•
fe atures on vario us tru cks
•
th e sizes o f various tru cks
•
p arts o f the tru c k
S tu d e n t B: You are a custom er.
Talk to S tu d e n t A a b o u t the typ e
o f tru c k you w ant.
Listening
©
Q Listen to a conversation b e tw een a salesperson and
a custom er. M a rk th e follow ing sta te m e n ts as true (T) or
false (F)1
The m an needs m ore e qu ip m e n t space fo r w ork.
2
The heavy d u ty m odel has m ore bed space.
3
©
$
__The m an m ay need to w in g capacity.
Listen again and c o m p lete th e conversation.
Salesperson:
C ustom er:
Hi, h ow can I help you?
tru c k s ? I have
Do you have 1
a p icku p b ut I need m ore sp ace fo r equipm ent.
Yes. All o ur fu ll-size m od e ls have th e o p tio n of
e xpa n de d 2 _________________ .
T h atj/vou ld be 3 _______
co n stru ctio n .
________ since I w o rk in
If you w a n t to go even bigger: a heavy d u ty tru c k
has som e m ore 4 .
C ustom er:
S alesperson:
C u stom er:
W ell, a to w in g c a p a city is available on 6
S o u n d s g o o d . I’d l i k e t o s e e o n e
W riting
©
Use the m em o and the
conversation from Task 8 to fill
out the tru c k d e a lers h ip ’s
advertisem ent.
Smart Buy
Trucks Year End Sale
We have great prices on all
.and.
C hoose any size truck:
______________ o r _
A sk a b o u t o u r extras lik e .
____________ and added
space.
A t S m art Buy, w e w ill help you every
ste p o f th e way.
29
14
Luxury and Sports Cars
G et ready!
LUX
O
B efore you read the passage, ta lk about
th ese questions.
1 W hat are som e typ e s o f luxury and s p o rts cars?
Motors
2
W hat are th e qualities o f luxury and s p o rts cars?
R eading
0
Read the w e b p a g e . Then, choose the
co rrect answ ers.
1 W hat is th e p urpose o f th e w ebpage?
A to d escrib e the variety o f luxury cars offered
B to list im p ro ve m e nts m ade to varlous luxury
cars
C to adve rtise a sale on several luxury car
m odels
D to explain th e dlffe re n ce betw een luxury car
m odels
2
3
W hlch o f th e fo llo w in g cars recently w on an
aw ard?
A
the s p o rts car
C th e m uscle car
B
the su pe rcar
D th e grand to u re r
W hlch o f th e fo llo w in g ¡s NO T Usted as a feature
or benefit?
A a ffordable pony cars
B a cceleration o f m uscle cars
C interior design o f co nve rtible s
D easlly o pened and close d roadsters
V o cab u lary
About Lux Motors, Inc.
Lux M o to r’s p res tig e is th e re su lt o f o u r q u a llty
vehicles, We m ake th e fin est luxury vehicles ¡n the
w o rld . W e also m ake th e b est h ig h -p e rfo rm a n ce
sports cars. These range from affordable pony cars
to h ig h -e n d supercars. M ost o f o u r vehicles feature
the b est a c c e le ra tio n in class. We also o ffe r stylish
looks. J u s t beca u se w e m ake fa s t m uscle cars it
d oe s n ot m ean th a t w e s a c rlfic e 'features. A u to
M agazlne vo te d o ur gran d to u re r fo r b est Interior
design. O ur road sters and convertibles open and
cióse at th e to u ch o f a button.
So if you prefer a superior driving experience,
get into a Lux Motors Vehicle today.
®
M atch th e w ords or phrases (1-6) w ith the
definitions (A-F).
1\
2 £L
3
luxury vehicle
4 Q _ grand to u re r
p on y ca r
5 / ( acceleration
G co n ve rtib le
6
prestige
A th e rate at w h ich a v e h lcle ’s speed increases
B a g o o d reputatlon
C a car w ith a to p th a t retracts
D a h ig h -p e rfo rm a n ce s p o rts car deslgn e d fo r
lo n g -d is ta n c e travel
E a car w ith s p o rts ca r features, b u t has reduced
p erform ance and a low er pnce
F a car w ith b e tte r features, quality, and looks
than an average vehicle
■
OROZCO
O R ead th e sentence pairs. C hoose w hich w ord or phrase
best fits each blank.
1
S p eakin g
0W ith a partner, a ct out th e
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
supercars / m uscle cars
A H ow ard M o to rs sells th o u sa n d s o f ______________
year.
.p e r
U SE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
B Kline M o to rs will o nly p rod uce th r e e ___________________
th is year.
t'm loo kin g fo r a ...
We have the b e s t...
2 ro ad ster / sports car
I ’d ra th e r...
A Rain soaked th e seats because th e to p o f the
___________________ w a s open.
B The larger m odel o f t h is ___________________can seat up to
five passengers.
S tu d e n t A: You are a salesm an.
Talk to S tu d e n t B about:
0$
Listen and read th e w e b p a g e again. W h at are som e
types of cars th a t Lux M o tors m anufactures?
•
w h a t ty p e o f ca r he or she
w a n ts
•
w h a t you recom m end
•
his or her preferences
Listening
0$
S tu d e n t B; You are a custom er.
Talk to S tu d e n t A a b o u t th e typ e
o f luxury ca r you w ant.
Listen to a c o n v e rs a ro n b e tw een a salesm an and a
custom er. M a rk th e follow ing sta te m e n ts as true (T) or
false (F).
1 __The w om a n is looking fo r a grand tourer.
0
2
__The man recom m ends th a t the w om an look at a sports car.
3
__The w om a n w o u ld prefer to have g o o d a cceleration than to
have a convertible.
$
W riting
0 Use th e w e b p a g e and the
conversation from Task 8 to fill
out the entry in th e sa le s m a n ’s
c o n tacts list.
Listen again and co m p le te th e conversation.
Salesm an:
G ood a fternoon, can I help you w ith anything?
C ustom er:
Yes, l’m looking fo r a 1 ________________.
Salesm an:
You’re in the right place. We have the best luxury vehicles
around. W hat d o you have 2 _______________ ?
I’d like a 3 _______ , b u t w ith g o o d acceleration. Do
you have anything like that?
Certainly. O f course, if a cceleration is th a t im p o rta nt. a
___________m ig h t be a b e tte r choice.
4
5
car.
____________________ a convertible than a fast
I understand, 6
m odels.
you a few
Date of contact
Thanks.
I
Cars interested in.
Features interested in'
15
Commercial Vehicles
G e t ready!
O
B efore you read th e passage, ta lk
a b o u t th ese questions.
1 W hat are som e uses o f co m m ercial
vehicles?
shipping o p erations
2 H ow are co m m ercial
vehicles classified?
light co m m erc ial vehicle
public tran s p o rtatio n
gross v eh icle w e ig h t rating
GVWR 46.000 Ibs.
heavy c o m m erc ial vehicle
R eading
©
Open Road Transport is com m itted to serving your com m ercial
vehicle needs. Our light com m ercial vehicle line is our m ost fuel
efficient. Our heavy comm ercial vehicles feature m áxim um storage
capabilities. Choose the best fit fo r your shipping operations.
Open Road Transport also serves public transportation
departm ents. O ur bus lines accom m odate passengers w ith
co m fort and style. These fleets provide m ass transit to m any
m etropolitan areas. Take a m om ent to search out the different
vehicles w e offer for sale. You can search models by gross vehicle
w eight ratings, class, or price.
Read th e w e b p a g e . Then,
choose th e co rre ct answ ers.
1 W hat is th e p urp ose o f th e w e bsite?
A to co m p a re d ifferent co m m e rcia l vehicle suppliers
V o cab u lary
0
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-6)
w ith th e definitions (A-F).
B to explain shipping operations offered by a com pany
C to describe the range o f com m ercial vehicles
available
2
3
1 ,__co m m ercial vehicle
2
4E l
__m ass tra n sit
bus
class
fleet
D to list im p ro ve m e nts to th e c o m p a n y ’s co m m e rcia l
vehicles
3 ' t i gross vehicle
A c co rd in g to th e w e b site, w h a t is tru e o f O pen Road
T ra nsp o rt’s heavy line?
A a ca tegory o f vehicle determ ined by type,
w eight, and capacity
A It is th e m ost fuel efficient.
B It has less sto rag e than th e light line.
B a m o to r vehicle w ith m últiple seats and
designed to carry passengers
C It is in use in m any m ass tra n sit Systems.
C th e w e ig h t lim it fo r a vehicle
D It is designed fo r use in sh ip pin g operations.
D p u b lic tra nsp o rta tio n designed to tra nsp o rt
large num bers o f people
W hich o f th e fo llo w in g is NO T a searchable feature o f
m odels?
E a grou p o f m o to r vehicles th a t opérate fo r
an organization
A price
C sto rag e ca p a b ility
B class
D gross vehicle rating
F a ve h icle th a t is d e sig n e d to tra n s p o rt
num erous passengers or g oo d s
6 c
w e ig h t rating
( ñ
OROZCO
O R ead th e sen ten ce pairs. C hoose w hich w ord or phrase
best fits each blank.
1
light / heavy
A A tru c k carrying betw een 3.5 and 4 to n s ¡s a
vehicle.
B A
4 1
than 3.5 tons.
a
S p eakin g
© W ith a partner, a c t out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
_ c o m m e rc ia l vehicle com e s in a less
You’ll be h a p p y ...
... sales incre ase d b y ...
2
shipping operatio ns / public tra n s p o rta ro n
T h a t’s g re a t news.
A T h e 9 < ^ <r \ \ s C j
A-cyV
o f th is c o m p a n v iuse
co m m ercial vehicles and co n ta in e r ships.
B This city has e xcellent T In l
o)
o ptio n s, like several bus and su b w a y lines.
©
S tu d e n t A: You are a manager.
Talk to S tu d en t B about:
V C s4 *Q Y) 5
íJ Listen and read th e w e b p a g e again. W h at type of
operation s does th e com pany provide vehicles for?
Listening
0
O
sales num bers
•
w h y th e n um bers changed
•
th e im p a ct o f the changes
S tu d e n t B: You are a manager.
Talk to S tu d e n t A a b o u t sales o f
co m m e rcia l vehicles.
$ Listen to a conversation b e tw een tw o m anagers.
M a rk th e follow ing sta te m e n ts as true (T) or false (F).
1 __Light co m m e rcia l vehicle sales increased by 3 0% .
•
2 __The w om an believes gasoline prices hurt the com p a ny’s sales.
W riting
3 __The m an su s p e c ts th a t th e bus d ivisión m ay expand.
©
Listen again and c o m p lete th e conversation.
M an ag e r 1:
Hey, John. W hat do o ur sales n um b ers lo o k like?
M an ag e r 2: Y ou’ll be happy, M aria. 1 _________________ th is
m onth.
M an ag e r 1:
Really? 2 __________________________ ?
M an ag er 2: W ell, 3 __________________ ve h icle sales incre ase d by
30% .
M an ag e r 1: W ow. I guess gasoline is p re tty expensive th e se days.
M ore p eople rely on 4 _________________ .
M an ag e r 2: We can barely keep up w ith th e d em a nd fo r new
M an ag e r 1: Well, th a t’s great news.
M an ag e r 2: Yes, it is. We 6
bus división.
U se th e w e b p a g e and the
conversation from Task 8 to fill
out th e sales data.
Open Read Transpon
Sales Data
General Trend fo r m onth:
B est p e rfo rm in g división:
C hange in sales:
P ossible causes fo r change:
R ecom m endations:
33
Glossary
4x4 [N -U N C O U N T-U 12] A 4x4 (four by four) ¡s a fo u r-w he e le d vehicle w h ich a llo w s all fo u r w heels to receive to rqu e
fro m th e engine at th e sam e tim e, offering b e tte r co ntro l on m any surfaces.
a c c e le ra tio n [N -U N C O U N T-U 14] A c celeratio n is th e rate at w h ich a v e h icle ’s speed increases.
advertising [N -U N C O U N T-U 1] A dvertising is th e a ct o f a tte m p tin g to increase sales o f a brand or p ro d u c t by using
televisión, radio, and p rin t m edia.
air spring [N -C O U N T-U 5] An air spring is a device th a t uses air to a b so rb sh o c k o r su dden changes in w eight.
a u to m o b ile [N -CO U NT-U 1] An auto m o b ile is a m otorized vehicle w ith fo u r w heels used on roads and ope rated by a
single person.
b a ck s e a t [N -C O U N T-U 3] A b a ck s ea t is a seat th a t is in th e rear o f a car.
ball jo in t [N -C O U N T-U 5] The ball jo in t is a fle xib le ty p e o f co n n e ctio n in th e su spensión system w here a ball-sh a pe d
p iece m etal co n n e cts to a cu p -sh a p e d socket.
bed [N -C O U N T-U 13] A bed is th e rear open area o f a tru ck.
b e n c h s e a t [N -CO U NT-U 3] A bench s ea t is a long, fíat seat w ith sp ace fo r three people.
blinker [N -C O U N T-U 7] A blinker is an e xte rio r ca r light th a t signáis a drivers intent to turn left o r right.
blinker sw itch [N -C O U N T-U 2] A blinker sw itch is a lever th a t the d rive r uses to tu rn on and o ff th e turn signáis.
body style [N -C O U N T-U 10] A body style is a w a y o f d istin gu ishin g d iffe re n t ca r b o d y designs.
box [N -C O U N T-U 10] A box is a portion o f a ca r b o d y design th a t d ivid e s th e s tru ctu re o f th e car.
b rake light [N-COUNT-U6] A b rake light is a light on th e rear o f a ca r th a t beco m es red w hen th e brakes are applied.
b rake pedal [N -CO U NT-U 2] The b rake pedal is the pedal th a t Controls th e brakes o f th e ca r and a llow s th e d rive r to
s to p th e car.
b u c k et s ea t [N -CO U NT-U 3] A b u c k e t s e a t is a seat fo r one person, th a t has a deep, round shape.
b um per [N -C O U N T-U 6] A bum per is a p ro te ctive rim on th e fro n t and b a c k o f a car.
bus [N -C O U N T-U 15] A bus is a m o to r vehicle th a t has m últip le seats and is designed to carry passengers.
cab [N -C O U N T-U 13] A cab is th e enclosed space on a tru c k w here th e d rive r sits.
c a r [N -C O U N T-U 1] A c a r is a m otorized vehicle w ith fo u r w heels used on roads and o perated by a single person.
c a rg o a re a [N -C O U N T-U 11] C a rg o a re a is th e a m o u nt o f space inside a vehicle.
cargo b a rrie r [N -C O U N T-U 12] A cargo b a rrie r is an a ccesso ry installed into a vehicle to help p rovide safety when
tra n sp o rtin g loads o r d o m e s tic pets in th e rear se ctio n o f th e vehicle.
chassis [N -C O U N T-U 5] A chassis is th e internal su p p o rt system o f a vehicle, ¡ncluding th e fra m e and w heels.
class [N -C O U N T-U 15] A class is a category o f vehicle determ ined by vehicle type, tru ck weight, and carrying capacity.
coil spring [N -CO U NT-U 5] A coil spring is a spiral shaped piece o f m etal w h ich e xpa n ds and c o n tra c ts to absorb
s h o c k on b u m p y roads.
c o m m e rc ia l vehicle [N -C O U N T-U 15] A c o m m e rc ia l v e h ic le is a vehicle th a t is designed to tra n s p o rt num erous
passengers or g oods.
c o m p a c t car [N -C O U N T-U 11] A c o m p a c t car is a sm all ca r fo r fa m ilies th a t can seat five adults.
consolé [N-COUNT-U3] A consolé is an area in th e ca r th a t faces passengers and co ntains a radio, te m pe ra tu re diais,
gas m eters, etc.
c o n su m er [N -C O U N T-U 1] A c o n s u m e r is a person th a t buys or p o te n tia lly w ill buy a p roduct.
convertible [N -C O U N T-U 14] A c o n v e rtib le is a ca r w ith a to p th a t retracts, leaving th e interior exposed.
coupe [N -C O U N T-U 10] A coupe is a sm all, close d b o d y style sedan, ty p ica lly w ith o nly tw o doors.
crossover [N -C O U N T-U 12] A crossover is a m ixture betw een an a utom o bile and an SUV, w ith light o ff-ro a d ca pa b ility
and a low er g rou nd clearance than a regular SUV.
C -s e g m e n t [N -C O U N T-U 11] A C -s e g m e n t is a sm all ca r fo r fa m ilies th a t can seat five adults. C -se g m e n t is the
European term fo r c o m p a c t car.
34
cup holder [N -C 0 U N T -U 3 ] A c u p holder is a receptacle sp ecifically designed fo r keeping co ntaine rs u prigh t w hile a
ve hicle is m oving.
dash board [N -C O U N T-U 4] A dash board is th e parí o f a ca r th a t has diais and gauges and is located b elo w the
w indsh ield.
design [V-T-U1] To design so m e th ing is to plan h ow it will loo k and fu n ctio n .
diagonal [AD J-U 8] If som e th ing is diago nal, then it has a stra ig h t line at a slant.
distribution [N -U N C O U N T-U 1] D istribution is th e act o f m oving th in g s from a central location to m any d ifferent
locations.
door [N -C O U N T-U 6] A d o o r to a ca r is an o pening on th e side o f a c a r used to enter or e xit th e vehicle.
door panel [N -C O U N T-U 3] A d o o r panel is th e inside p arí o f th e d o o r th a t usually co ntains th e w in d o w and lo ck
sw itc h e s and is covered in an interior fabric.
d o u b le-w ish b o n e suspensión [N-COUNT-U5] A d o u b le-w ish b o n e suspensión is a System w here the w heels are
held by tw o w ish b o n e (or y-shaped) arm s.
driver [N -C O U N T-U 1] A d riv e r is a person w h o is o pe ratin g a m o to r vehicle, e spe cia lly a car.
driver’s side [N -CO U NT-U 2] The d riv e r’s s id e is the side o f a ca r th a t c o rre sp o n d s to th e side o f th e ca r th e driver sits
in w h ile o perating th e car.
DVD p layer [N -CO U NT-U 9] A DVD player is a video player b u ilt in to th e car.
en tertain m e n t system [N -C O U N T-U 9] An e n tertain m e n t system is an A M /F M radio, satellite radio, a n d /o r DVD
System used to entertain th e passengers.
fa s tb a c k [N -C O U N T-U 10] A fa s tb a c k is a b o d y style w ith th e roofline slop in g d o w n to th e rear.
ten d er [N -C O U N T-U 6] A te n d e r is a tram e th a t p ro te cts th e w heels o f a car.
fle e t [N -C O U N T-U 15] A fle e t is a large grou p o f m o to r ve hicles th a t m ove o r opé rate to g e th e r fo r a single organization.
fo u r-d o o r [A D J-U 1 0] If a sedan is fo u r-d o o r, then it has fo u r doors.
fou r-w h eel drive [N -C O U N T-U 12] F o u r-w heel drive in a vehicle a llo w s all fo u r w heels to receive to rqu e fro m the
engine at th e sam e tim e, offering b e tte r co ntro l on m any surfaces.
tra m e [N -C O U N T-U 5] A tra m e is th e underlying su p p o rt system o f a vehicle. The b o d y is m ou n te d onto th e fram e.
fuel g au g e [N -C O U N T-U 4] A fuel gauge is an instru m en t th a t sh ow s th e q u a n tity o f gas or diesel fuel in th e car.
fu ll-size [N -C O U N T-U 13] A fu ll-s iz e is a large p icku p tru c k th a t can be used to haul heavy loads.
tuse box [N -C O U N T-U 2] A tu se box is a sm all c o m p a rtm e n t located inside a c a r w h ich co ntains fuses.
gas pedal [N -C O U N T-U 2] The gas pedal is th e pedal th a t Controls th e a cceleration o f th e car.
gearshift position [N -C O U N T-U 4] The gearshift position ind ica te s w h ic h gear a ca r's engine is in.
glove box [N -C O U N T-U 2] A glove b o x is a sm all c o m p a rtm e n t in fro n t o f th e passenger s seat in a car.
G PS (G lobal P ositioning S ystem ) [N -C O U N T-U 9] GPS s ta n d s fo r G lo b a l P o s itio n in g S y s te m . It is so ftw are th a t
tra c k s th e position o f a ca r anyw here in th e w o iid .
grand to u rer (GT) [N -C O U N T-U 14] A g ra n d to u re r (GT) is a h ig h -p e rfo rm a n ce s p o rts ca r designed fo r lo n g -d ista n ce
travel. It ty p ica lly has tw o doors.
grill [N -C O U N T-U 7] A g rill is a m etal covering w ith bars a t th e fro n t o f a car, to a llo w air to enter.
gross vehicle w e ig h t rating [N -C O U N T-U 15] G ro s s v e h ic le w e ig h t ra tin g is th e w e ig h t lim it fo r a vehicle.
handle [N -C O U N T-U 3] A h a n d le is th e lever th a t a person m ust pulí to g et in and o ut o f an a utom obile.
hatch b ack [N -C O U N T-U 10] A h a tc h b a c k is a th re e -b o x b o d y style th a t inco rpo ra tes th e cargo room w ith th e
passe ng e r area and is accessed by a lifting d o o r in th e rear.
headlight [N -CO U NT-U 6] A h e a d lig h t is a b rig h t light at th e fro n t o f a ca r used w hen it is d ark outside.
headrest [N -C O U N T-U 3] A h e a d re s t is a p art o f a seat designed to s u p p o rt a p e rs o n ’s head.
heated seats [N -P LU R A L-U 9] H e a te d s e a ts are ca r seats th a t have b uilt in heaters fo r c o m fo rt in coid weather.
heavy [A D J-U 1 5 ]-lf a co m m ercial vehicle is h ea vy, it w e igh s over 3.5 tons.
Glossary
heavy duty [N -C O U N T-U 13] A heavy duty tru c k ¡s a very large tru c k w e ighing up to 33,000 p ou n ds and requiring a
class B license to opérate.
high beam s [N -P LU R A L-U 6] High beam s on a ca r are stro ng e r head lights used w hen ¡t is very d ark o u tsid e o r as a
w arning.
hitch [N -C O U N T-U 7] A hitch is an a tta ch m e n t to th e rear o f th e ca r to w h ich a trá ile r can be joined.
hood [N -C O U N T-U 6] A hood is th e c o ve r over th e engine o f a car.
hub cap [N -C O U N T-U 7] A hub cap is a m etal cap on th e w heel o f a car.
in strum ent c lu ster [N -CO U NT-U 4] An in strum ent cluster has several diais and instru m en ts to g e th e r in one panel in a
dashboard.
leaf spring [N -C O U N T-U 5] A leaf spring is one o f a series o f m etal s trip s placed one on to p o f th e o th e r th a t help to
a b so rb road sh o cks by bending flexibly.
le a th er [N -U N C O U N T-U 9] L eath er is a m aterial m ade from anim al skin used in car seats.
light [A D J-U 15] If a co m m e rcia l vehicle is light, it w e ig h s under 3.5 tons.
load índex [N -C O U N T-U 8] A load índex is th e m áxim um m ass a tire can hold.
lo ck [N -CO U NT-U 3] A lo ck is a device th a t does n ot allow an o b je ct to be opened.
luxury vehicle [N -C O U N T-U 14] A luxury vehicle is a c a r th a t co s ts m ore than average vehicles. It also provide s m ore
features, b e tte r quality, and sleeker looks than average vehicles.
M ac P h e rs o n s tru t [N -C O U N T-U 5] A M ac P h e rs o n stru t is a m etal rod th a t has a coil sp rin g and sh o c k a bso rbe r
a tta ch ed to it. It helps a bso rb sh o cks from rough roads.
m an u factu re [V-T-U1] To m an u factu re som e th ing is to create o r m ake it.
m a rk e t [N -C O U N T-U 1] A m a rk e t is th e buying and selling o f a p articu la r kind o f goo d or Service,
m ass tran sit [N -U N C O U N T-U 15] M ass tran sit is p u b lic tra n s p o rta ro n th a t is used in m etrop o lita n citie s and can
tra n s p o rt large num bers o f p eople quickly.
m etric [N -C O U N T-U 8] A m etric is a c o d e th a t d en o te s the p rop er use o f th e tire.
m id -s íze [N -C O U N T-U 11] A m id -s ize is a large fa m ily ca r w ith room fo r five a du lts as w ell as a large trunk.
m ini [N -C O U N T-U 13] A m ini is a sm all p icku p tru c k used fo r light duty.
m inívan [N -C O U N T-U 13] A m inivan is a sm aller versión o f a van, used by fam ilies.
m ultilink suspensión [N -C O U N T-U 5] A m ultilink suspensión is a ty p e o f rear suspensión system th a t uses at least
fo u r arm s and no struts. It a llow s fle xib le a d ju stm e n t o f ride and handling.
m uscle car [N -C O U N T-U 14] A m uscle c ar is a ca r designed fo r h ig h -sp e ed driving.
navigation system [N -C O U N T-U 9] A navigation system is a to o l fo r fin ding d ire ctio n s and places o f interest.
o d o m e ter [N -C O U N T-U 4] An o d o m e ter m easures th e num ber o f m iles o r kilo m eters traveled.
o ff-ro ad [N -C O U N T-U 12] An off-ro ad vehicle is any ty p e o f vehicle th a t can be driven on and o ff o f paved or gravel
surface.
parkin g [N -C O U N T-U 11] Parking is th e a m o u nt o f sp ace in w h ich a ca r can be placed stationary.
p a ss e n g e r’s side [N -C O U N T-U 2] The p a ss e n g e r’s side is th e side o f a ca r th a t is o p p o s ite the side th a t th e driver sits
in w hile o pe ratin g th e vehicle.
pickup tru c k [N -C O U N T-U 13] A pickup tru ck is a light vehicle w ith an o p e n -to p cargo area.
pillar [N -C O U N T-U 10] A pillar is a vertical su p p o rt o f a c a r’s w in d o w area.
pony car [N -C O U N T-U 14] A pony c a r is a ca r w ith m any features o f a s p o rts car, b ut w ith reduced p erfo rm an ce and a
low er price.
prestige [N -U N C O U N T-U 14] Prestige is a g o o d reputation.
Public tra n s p o rta ro n [N -U N C O U N T-U 15] Public tra n s p o rta ro n is any ty p e o f vehicle th a t can carry g rou ps o f
p eople fro m one place to th e next. A fare is charged, and a ty p ica l route is fo llo w e d .
radial [A D J-U 8 ] If a tire is ra d ia l, then its layers o f c o rd s are arranged a t rig h t angles to th e t re.
36
rear-view m irror [N -C O U N T-U 2] A rear view m irror is th e m irro r ¡n th e ce nter o f th e w in dsh ield th a t a llow s a person to
see w h a t’s behind an a utom obile.
rem ó te s ta rte r [N -U N C O U N T-U 9] A re m ó te s ta r te r is a system in w h ich th e d rive r can sta rt th e engine w ith o u t a key
before entering th e car.
rim [N -C O U N T-U 8] A rim is th e ce nter o f th e w heel th a t h olds the tire in place.
rim d ia m e te r [N -CO U NT-U 8] A rim d ia m e te r is th e d istan ce across th e ce nter o f th e wheel.
road ster [N -C O U N T-U 14] A ro a d s te r is a ca r w ith an open or re tractable to p th a t seats tw o or three p eople and w hich
fe atures good handling and steering.
row [N -C O U N T-U 12] A ro w is a stra ig h t line w ith in a vehicle a llow ing fo r passenger seating.
sales [N -U N C O U N T-U 1] S a le s is the división o f a co m p a n y or ¡ndustry c o m m itte d to selling p ro d u c ts to individuáis,
satellite radio [N -CO U NT-U 9] A s a te llite ra d io is a ty p e o f radio system th a t uses satellite signáis rather than radio
signáis.
seat [V-T-U10] To s ea t a n um b er o f passengers is to have th e ca p a c ity to hold th a t n um ber o f people.
seating [N -C O U N T-U 12] Seating is th e n um b er o f sp ace s in w h ich ve hicle passengers can sit.
sedan [N -C O U N T-U 10] A sedan is a general ca te g o ry o f passenger car.
shifter knob [N -CO U NT-U 2] A s h ifte r k n o b is th e sm all ball or knob th a t is m ou n te d on th e s tic k th e driver uses to
se le ct w h ich gear to sh ift into.
shipping operatio ns [N -P LU R A L-U 15] Shipping operatio ns inelude th e necessary Ítem s and Services th a t are
needed to m ove g o o d s fro m one place to th e next.
shock ab so rb e r [N -C O U N T-U 5] A s h o c k a b s o rb e r Is a device near each w heel th a t reduces th e e ffe ct o f sudden
sh o cks fro m rough roads and c u ts d ow n on bouncing.
side m irror [N -C O U N T-U 6] A side m irror is a sm all rotatlng m irro r on th e fro n t d o o rs o f a car th a t sh ow tra ffic from
behind.
side panel [N -C O U N T-U 7] A side panel is th e c o m p o n e n t on th e left or rig h t p ortio n o f th e car.
sidew all [N -C O U N T-U 8] A sidew all is th e untreaded side o f th e tire.
space [N -C O U N T-U 11] S p a ce is th e physical a m o u nt o f room an entire ca r takes.
speed rating [N -C O U N T-U 8] A speed rating is a num ber th a t d enotes th e m áxim um speed a tire can handle.
s p e e d o m e te r [N -CO U NT-U 4] A s p e e d o m e te r m easures h ow fa st a ca r tra vels in m iles or kilom eters.
sports c a r [N -C O U N T-U 14] A sports car is a ca r th a t p rovlde s b ette r o n-ro ad p erform ance and speed fo r higher
prices than average vehicles.
stab ilizer bar [N -C O U N T-U 5] The stab ilizer bar is a m etal rod th a t co n n e cts th e suspensión system and helps prevent
sw aying on curves and turns.
station w a g ó n [N -C O U N T-U 12] A s ta tio n w a g ó n , or e státe car, is a ca r w ith backw ard exte nd in g ro of over a shared
passenger and cargo space and a tailgate, o r lift gate, in th e rear.
steering w h eel [N -CO U NT-U 2] A s te e rin g w h e e l is a large w heel m ou n te d in fro n t o f th e d riv e r’s seat and w h ich is
used to tu rn th e car.
strut suspensión [N -C O U N T-U 5] A stru t suspensión is a system th a t uses a m etal bar w ith a coil spring and a sh ock
a bso rbe r to a bso rb sh o ck and provide a sm o o th ride.
s u b c o m p ac t [N -C O U N T-U 11] A s u b c o m p a c t is a sm all ca r w ith three, fo u r or five d o o rs th a t can seat up to fo u r
passengers.
sunroof [N -C O U N T-U 7] A s u n ro o f is a w in d o w on th e ro of o f a ca r th a t can be o pened to let in air and light.
su p ercar [N -C O U N T-U 14] A s u p e rc a r is a very h ig h -p e rfo rm a n ce and e xtrem ely expensive ca r th a t is m ade in lim ited
quantities.
superm ini [N -C O U N T-U 11] A s u p e rm in i is a sm all ca r w ith three, fo u r o r five d o o rs th a t can seat up to fo u r
passengers. S uperm ini is th e European te rm fo r s u b co m p a ct.
S U V (sport utility vehicle) [N -C 0 U N T -U 1 2] A SU V (sport utility v e h ic le jis an o ff-ro ad vehicle w ith fo u r-w he e l drive
and high ground clearance.
ta c h o m e te r [N-COUNT-U4] A ta c h o m e te r m easures th e n um b er o f ro tatio n s an engine m akes ¡n a sp ecified tim e
period.
tail light [N -C O U N T-U 6] A tai) light is a red w a rn in g light on the rear o f a car.
ta ilg a te [N -C O U N T-U 12] A ta ilg a te is th e rear d o o r o f a sta tion w agón.
te m p e ra tu re gauge [N -C O U N T-U 4] A te m p e ra tu re gauge m easures how hot or co id a ca r engine is.
tire [N -C O U N T-U 8] A tire is a covering th a t goes around th e w heel rim to enhance cushion and perform ance,
tire w idth [N -U N C O U N T-U 8] Tire w idth is th e w id th o f a tire from sidew all to sidew all.
torsión bar [N -C O U N T-U 5] A torsión bar is a m etal rod th a t tw is ts w hen th e w heels tu rn to keep the auto stable.
to w in g capability [N -C O U N T-U 13] Tow ing capability is th e a bility o f a tru c k to ca rry ano th e r vehicle fro m a hitch on
its b ack side.
tre a d [N -C O U N T-U 8] A tre a d ¡s a pattern o f rldges used to create tra c tio n on a tire.
trim [N -C O U N T-U 7] A trim is th e level o f e q u ip m e n t a ca r com e s w ith.
tru c k [N -C O U N T-U 13] A tru c k is a vehicle m alnly ¡ntended to tra n s p o rt cargo.
tru n k [N -C O U N T-U 7] A tru n k is a c o m p a rtm e n t at th e rear o f a ca r in w h ich Ítem s can be stored.
tw o -d o o r [A D J-U 10] If a sedan is tw o -d o o r, then it has tw o doors.
u n d ercarriag e [N -C O U N T-U 7] The und ercarriag e is th e fra m e w o rk s u p p o rtin g a ca r from below.
urban [N -C O U N T-U 11] An urban is a sm all ca r intended fo r use in th e city.
van [N -C O U N T-U 13] A van is a large, b ox-sh ap e d m u lti-p u rp o s e vehicle.
vehicle [N -C O U N T-U 11] A vehicle is any n um b er o f typ e s o f cars used fo r driving.
v o ltm ete r [N-COUNT-U4] A v o ltm ete r p rovlde s inform a tio n a b o u t th e electrical System s o f a ca r or o th e r vehicle.
w arn in g light [N-COUNT-U4] A w arn in g light is a light a ppears on th e instru m en t panel o f a ca r to indícate th a t
so m e th ing is w rong w ith th e ca r or th a t it needs attention.
w h eel [N-COUNT-U7] A w h eel is a circu lar fram e covered w ith ru b b e r on w h ich th e car drives.
w in d o w sw itch [N-COUNT-U3] A w in d o w sw itch is a b u tto n th a t causes th e w in d o w to open or cióse,
w indshield [N-COUNT-U6] A w indshield is th e w lde fro n t w in d o w o f a car.
w ip ers [N -C O U N T-U 6] W ip ers on a ca r are long bla d es on th e w in dsh ield th a t rem ove w a te r and dirt fro m it.
38
Express Publishing
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S c o p e and S e q u e n ce
Unit
R eading
c o n te xt
Topic
V ocab ulary
Function
E stim ating
tim e
1
The Internal
C o m b ustió n
Engine
E ncyclo pe d ia co n n e ctin g rod, crankcase, crankshaft, cylinder, engine
b lo ck, fuel, head, p istón ring, pistón, sp ark plug, sum p,
valve
2
The
Four-S troke
Engine
Textbook
e xcerp t
co m p re ssio n stroke, c ylin d e r heat, exhaust, exhaust stroke, S peculating
exha u st valve, fo u r-stro ke engine, head gasket, intake
stroke, intake valve, p o w e r stroke, pressure
3
Gas and Diesel
Engines
Ad
olean diesel, c o m b u s tió n cham ber, co m p re ssio n ratio,
diesel, durable, fuel inje ctio n pum p, gasoline, g lo w plug,
heat up, p re co m b u stio n cham ber, run on
4
Fuel E fficiency
and E m issions
W ebpage
biodiesel, co m pare, em issions, environm ental im p a ct, fossil M aking
co m p a riso n s
fuel, fuel cell, fuel efficiency, gas m ileage, global w arm ing,
m pg, ratio, w e lls -to -w h e e ls
5
H ybrids
R eport
A sking a bo u t
charge, c o n tin u o u sly variable tra nsm issio n , electricity,
energy, generator, hybrid, lithium ¡on battery, parallel hybrid, kn ow le d ge
p lu g -in hybrid, reclaim , regenerative braking system , tw o m o d e hybrid
6
E lectric
Cars
M agazine
a rticle
charging d ock, charging port, charging station, e le ctric car,
e le ctric m otor, m iles per charge, o nb o ard charger,
p ho to vo lta ic, range, solar panel, tail pipe em issions
7
Brake
S ystem s
Ad
brake booster, brake fluid, brake line, brake pad, brake shoe, G iving
a rem inder
brake system , caliper, disc brake, drum brake, hydraulic
brake, m aster cylinder, parking brake, p o w e r brakes
8
S teering
S ystem s
W ebpage
co n tro l arm , inner tie rod, o u te r tie rod, pinion, p o w e r
steering p um p , p o w e r steering, rack, roíate, spindle,
steering shaft, steering system
9
S afety
Features
Ad
3 -p o in t seat belt, ABS, EBD, co llisio n, cru m p le zone, curtain Expressing
d is a p p o in tm e n t
airbag, DRL, d ua l-stag e airbag, LATCH, side to rs o airbag,
SRS, te th e r anch o r
10
M anufacturing
G roups
N ew spaper
article
acquire, autom aker, brand, co ntrolling, group, hold,
m anufacturer, merger, recognition, share, stake, su bsidiary
11
The D ealership
Ad
b o d y shop, dealership. fin an cin g office, lobby, lot, m echanic G iving
shop, parts desk, refreshm ents. Service facility, show room , d ire ction s
sto ckro o m
12
P eople at th e
Dealership
Jo b ads
a cco u n ta n t, detailer, fin an cia l officer. lo t porter. manager,
m echanic, re ce p tion ist, sales staff, salesm an, title clerk,
w a rran ty adm inistrator, w a sh er
A sking a bo u t
experience
13
Salary and
Incentives
Em ployee
m anual
base pay, bonus, co m m issio n , fíat sales co m m issio n , fro nt
end, incentive, m ini, OTE, pack, p ercentage co m m issio n ,
percentage, salary, s tra ig h t co m m issio n
D iscussing
a m o u nts
14
A d ve rtisin g
Email
advertisem ent, attention, balloons, cam paign, com m ercial,
co ntest, flyer, give-aw ay, inflatable, m agazine, m edia,
o n-site, p rom o tion , radio b roadcast, sale, televisión
M aking and
re sp o nd ing to
su gg e stio n s
15
Dealership
A ctivitie s
List
approve, deny, display, greet, issue. m aintenance, polish,
re g is tra ro n , repair, retail, sell, title, w ash
G iving
in stru ctio ns
S tating an
opinión
Expressing
doubt
Expressing
a lack of
kn ow le d ge
A sking fo r
an opinión
U n it 1 - T h e In te rn a l C o m b u s tió n E n g i n e ................................................................................ 4
U n it 2 - T h e F o u r-S tro k e E n g in e .................................................................................................... 6
U n it 3 - G a s a n d D ie s e l E n g in e s .................................................................................................... 8
U n it 4 - F u e l E ffic ie n c y a n d E m is s io n s ...................................................................................10
U n it 5 - H y b r i d s ...................................................................................................................................... 12
U n it 6 - E le c tric C a r s ........................................................................................................................... 14
U n it 7 - B ra k e S y s te m s .................................................................................................................... 16
U n it 8 - S te e rin g S y s t e m s ................................................................................................................18
U n it 9 - S a fe ty F e a t u r e s .................................................................................................................... 20
U n it 1 0 - M a n u fa c tu r in g G r o u p s .................................................................................................. 22
U n it 11 - T h e D e a le rs h ip ..................................................................................................................24
U n it 1 2 - P e o p le a t th e D e a le rs h ip ........................................................................................... 26
U n it 1 3 - S a la ry a n d In c e n t iv e s .................................................................................................... 28
U n it 1 4 - A d v e rtis in g ........................................................................................................................... 30
U n it 1 5 - D e a le rs h ip A c t iv it ie s ...................................................................................................... 32
G l o s s a r y .................................................................................................................................................... 34
*
G e t ready!
O
B efore you read th e passage,
ta lk ab o u t th es e questions.
W hich parís o f an internal
co m b u s tió n engine are located
in th e engine block?
W hat kinds o f fuels do internal
co m b u s tió n engines use?
spark plug
TheInfernal
Combustión Engine
Internal c o m b u s tió n engines ignite fuel to create useful
m echanical energy. M ost engines have a ta n k th a t h olds
fuel. Fuel p u m p s fro m th e ta n k into c h a m b e rs called
cylinders. An e n g ln e ’s cylln de rs are located betw een ¡ts
head and ¡ts e n g in e block. Valves c o n tro l th e flo w o f
fuel into and o u t o f th e cylinders. Each c y lin d e r contains
a pistón w h ich can m ove up and d o w n th e cylinder.
Pistón rings fo rm seáis b etw e en th e p ls to n s and th e
w alls o f the cyllnders.
W hen fuel e nters a cylinder, th e p is tó n rises. This
co m p re sse s th e fuel a t th e to p o f th e cylinder. W hen this
h appens, a s p ark plug ign ites th e fuel. The e xp lo sió n
m akes th e p istón sh oo t d ow n th e cylinder. This, in turn,
pushes a connecting rod. The conn e ctin g rod then tu rns
th e c ra n k s h a ft in th e c ra n k c a s e . The tu rn o f th e
c ra n k s h a ft o u tp u ts m ech a nica l energy. A sum p w ith
lub rica tin g oil keeps the engine parís running sm oothly.
R eading
0
r
Read th e en cyclop ed ia entry. Then, m ark
the following statem ents as true (T) or
false (F).
V o cab u lary
0
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-8) w ith the
definitions (A-H).
1
fuel
5 O
sp ark plug
3 - sum p
6
__p istón ring
3 j^_ valve
7
A engine b lo ck
4
8
J r co n n e ctin g rod
2
cylin de r
A a round hole in th e engine b lo c k th a t co ntains a
pistón
B a reservoir th a t h olds oil in th e engine
device th a t ignites fuel using e le ctricity
D th e m ain p arí o f an engine to w h ich o th er parís
are a ttached
1
~T_ The
E a su bsta n ce th a t p ro d u ce s heat or p ow er w hen
burned
2
~r
_ Upward m ovem ent o f the pistón com presses
fuel in the cylinder.
F a rod th a t links a p istón to a cran ksh aft
3 X
4
ESI
cylin de rs are set betw een th e engine
b lo c k and th e crankcase.
C o nnecting rods c o n n e ct th e p iston s to the
crankshaft.
G a ring th a t creates a seal around a pistón
.J d '-a device th a t opens and close s to co ntro l th e
flo w o f fluid
ALEJANDRO
OROZCO
0
R ead th e sen ten ce pairs.
C hoose w hich w ord best fits
each blank.
1
pistón / cran ksh aft
A The C
is
loca te d near th e b o tto m o f
th e engine.
B The ^ T 'c - '.V n ^ __________
co m p re sse s fuel ¡n th e
e n g in e ’s cylinders.
2
B The ( V o . vi kT r
is w here an e ng ine ’s s u m p is '
located.
i i Listen and read the »
encyclop ed ia entry again.^V ljat
does a spark plug do?
Listening
0
t i Listen again and c o m p lete th e conversation.
M echanic:
M an ager:
M echanic:
U Listen to a conversation
b e tw een a m echanic and a
dealership m anager. C hoose
th e co rre ct answ ers.
It looks like th e cran ksh aft becam e jam m ed in
1 ________________ _ .
O
H o w co uld som e th ing like th a t happen?
I w o u ld guess th a t som eone ju s t fo rg o t to p ut oil in the
engine. 2 _________________ is p retty dry.
M an ager: Ah, then the lack o f lub rica tio n m ade th e 3 ________
M echanic:
Precisely. It should be easy to fix. I just 4 .
________ th e crankshaft from th e crankcase. A nd then
clean them both, lubrícate them , and p ut them back
together.
M anager:
Are you going to need to 5 __________________________ ?
h e a d / cra n k ca s e
A The V) e o >>) a i ________
co vers th e to p o f th e engine.
0
0
M ech an ic:
No, I b asically have everything th a t I need already.
M anager:
Oh. So how long do you th in k th e repairs w ill take?
M echanic:
6 __________________________ or tw o . Two and a half
hours at m ost.
S peakin g
0W ith a partner, a ct out th e roles below based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
I th in k I k n o w ... / H o w lo n g ...? / P ro b a b ly ... a t m ost.
1 W hat are th e speakers m ainly
ta lkin g about?
A w here an e ng ine ’s su m p is
located
B w h a t is w rong w ith a c a r’s
engine
C h ow ¡nternal c o m b u stió n
engines w o rk
D w h y som e engines have a
cran ksh aft
2
W hat is th e w om a n going to
rem ove fro m the engine?
A th e crankcase
W riting
0U se the en cyclop ed ia entry and the conversation from
Task 8 to fill out th e en g in e e r’s report.
B th e engine b lo c k
C th e cran ksh aft
D th e su m p
Engine Diagnostic Report
Problem : ________
C ause o f problem :
Repairs: _________
E stim ated tim e to repair:
G e t ready!
O
1
Befo re you read th e passage,
ta lk a b o u t th es e questions.
¡J
1 W hat happens to fuel as it m oves
th rou g h a fo u r-stro ke engine?
2
« iB B g m iB »
W h at ¡s th e p urp ose o f a fo u r-stro ke
e ng ine ’s co m p re ssio n stroke?
Chapter 3.2
Four-Stroke Entines
Four-stroke engines are one typ e o f ¡nternal com bustión
engine. They go through fo u r stages, or strokes, before
repeating. The fo u r strokes are th e intake, com pression,
power, and exhaust strokes.
A fo u r-s tro k e cycle begins w ith an in take stroke. This
stroke lets air and fuel into the cylinder through the intake
valve. The intake and e xh a u s t valves are p art o f th e
cylinder head. A head gasket fo rm s a tig h t seal around
th e cylin de r head.
The next stroke is th e com pression stroke. During this
stroke, th e p istón co m p re sse s th e air and fuel. This
m akes th e pressure in the cylin de r very high.
A t this point, th e spark plug ignites the fuel. The resulting
e xplosión drives th e pistón back dow n th e cylinder. This
creates the p ow er o f th e p o w er stroke.
Finally, d uring th e exha u st stroke, th e exha u st valve
releases th e exhaust. O nce th e e xha u st stro ke is
c o m p le te , th e c y c le begins again w ith a no th e r intake
stroke.
V o cab u lary
0
four-stroke engine
R eading
0
6
M atch th e w ords or phrases (1-6) w ith the
definitions (A-F).
1
ignite
4
2
p o w e r stroke
5 Í
intake stroke
6 ^
3
_
t
c ylin d e r head
l
exhaust valve
fo u r-s tro k e engine
A th e p art o f an engine th a t lets sp en t fuel o ut o f
th e cylin de r
B to m ake som e th ing burn or ca tch on fire
Read the te x tb o o k excerp t. Then, m ark the
following statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
C th e stage in an engine cycle w hen fuel and air
enter th e cylin de r
1 T L The c ylin d e r head ineludes th e intake and
exhaust valves.
D th e stage in an engine cycle w hen an explosión
pushes th e pistón
2
__A ir and fuel b ecom e highly pressurized
- during th e p o w e r stroke.
E an engine th a t eyeles through f o - r ndependent
phases
3
__The exhaust stroke is im m e dia te ly fo llo w e d
by an intake stroke.
F th e p a rt o f an e ngine th a t h o ld s th e valves and
tra nsfers excess heat
O R ead the sentence pairs.
C hoose w hich w ord or phrase
b e s t fits e a c h b la n k .
1
2
3
0
$ Listen again and c o m p lete th e c o n v e rs a ro n .
M ec h a n ic 1: It looks like th e enqine co m p le te s 1
, th o ug h .
exhaust stro ke / com p ressio n
stroke
M e c h a n ic 2:
A The C fo r - f (V p -,5 ^ ) C f i s l m V
increased th e pressure inside
th e cylinder.
M e c h a n ic 1: Do you th in k th e sp ark plug is 3
th e gas?
Riqht. Then it 2
stroke. B ut then it stops.
B The engine released th e b urn t
fuel d uring th e < ^ ^ < 5^ 05- }
M e c h a n ic 2:
pressure / exhaust
M ec h a n ic 1: W h a t’s that?
A M ost cars have ta ilp ip e s fo r
releasina ^ V v \ A r ) ^ T
M ec h a n ic 2:
B Raising th e c y lin d e r’s
<P
j rr<r.____
m akes it m ore efficient.
M ec h a n ic 1: So there is n ’t 5
th e explosión?
V -/
th e com p re ssio n
I th o u g h t o f that. I te ste d a new one and th e sam e
th ing happened. I have a no th e r idea, though.
I th in k it’s leaking fuel in 4
or fuel to set o ff
M ec h a n ic 2: Precisely. T h at co uld also prevent 6
fro m occurrin g .
head g a sk e t / in take valve
A The I
J ___^ p .5 k „ e V
seáis th e cylinde'r head to the
engine.
B The fuel entered th e c y lin d e r
through th e ___
. <______ .
S p eakin g
0W ith a partner, a ct out th e roles below based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
0 ÍJ
Listen and read the textbook
e x ce rp t again. W hen does the
fuel in the cylinder ignite?
Do yo u k n o w ...? / That c o u ld p re v e n t . . . I I guess the ...
Listening
0
Listen to a conversation
b e tw een tw o m echanics.
C hoose th e co rre ct answ ers.
1
W hat are th e speakers m ainly
ta lkin g about?
A w h a t fuel an engine uses
B how fo u r-stro ke engines
fu n ctio n
C w h a t is causing an engine
problem
2
W riting
0
Use th e te x tb o o k e x ce rp t and the conversation from
Task 8 to fill out the e n g in e e r’s notes.
D how th e y should repair an
engine
D escrip tio n o f engine p ro b le m :________________________________
W hat w ill th e w om a n do next?
P ossible causes o f problem :
A o rder new spark p lugs
___________________________
B te st th e engine
W ays to ch e c k problem :
C increase th e fuel pressure
___________________________
D get a fe w to o ls
SKKSSSS
UNITED
p reco m b u stio n c h am b e r
com bustión c h a m b e r
A -SER
vil
MOTORS!
W llli.™
A Revolution
in Diesel
The United M otors Q-Series 5000 is available in tw o models:
th e 5000 G (runs on gasoline) and th e 5000 D (runs on
diesel). Both are high quality engines, but there are a few
differences. O ur 5000 G is very efficient and w ell-m ade.
However, the 5000 D belongs in a class o f its own.
The Q -S eries diesel engine features a precombustion
chamber. W hen the com pression stroke com presses air, it
flo w s into the chamber. Then, a fuel injection pump adds
fuel. Thls ensures o ptim al m ixing o f fuel and air. It also
ensures peak compression ratio, w hich prevenís knocking.
Once m ixing occurs, the m ixture flo w s Into the combustión
chamber and com busts.
Addltlonally, the Q -Series diesel engine uses glow plugs.
These heat up the fuel to allow fo r co m b u stión in any
tem perature.
The precom bustion cham bers and g lo w plugs im prove the
perform ance o f our engine conslderably. Thanks to them,
the Q-Series diesel engine is very durable. Finally, our diesel
engine com piles w ith standards and runs on clean diesel.
V o cab u lary
G e t ready!
O
0
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-7) w ith the
definitions (A-G).
1
diesel
5
_
olean diesel
B efore you read th e passage,
ta lk ab o u t th es e questions.
2 £ _ durable
6
co m p re ssio n ratio
1 W hy do som e diesel engines use g lo w plugs?
3
7
precom bustion cham ber
2
4
H ow do diesel engine com p re ssio n ratios
co m p a re to th o se o f gasoline engines?
gasoline
_
glow plug
A an area w here fuel is ignited before entering a
co m b u s tió n ch am b er
R eading
B a ty p e o f fuel th a t ¡s heavy, cheap and not
heavily reflned
0
Read th e ad. Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
C a light fo rm o f fuel th a t ca rs co m m o n ly run on
1 t All Q -S eries 5000 m od e ls can use gasoline
- r or diesel fuel.
E able to w ith sta n d a lot o f use and stress
2
_
The diesel engine inje cts fuel Into the
c o m b u s tió n cham ber.
3
__The 5000 D can run on clean diesel.
D a devlce th a t heats th e a¡r ns ce a coid engine
F th e ratio o f a c o m b u stió n ch a m b e r’s largest and
sm allest volum es
G a ty p e o f fuel th a t is refined so th a t it em its
fe w e r p olluta n ts
0
R ead the sen ten ce pairs. C hoose w hich w ord or phrase
best fits each blank.
1
B T h e __________ i________
co m p re sse d air.
, D /'*
roles b elo w based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
.
_______a dd e d fuel to the
h eat up / run on
A The team designed th e englne to
B The englne uses g lo w p lugs to
0
0W ith a partner, a ct out the
com b ustión c h am b e r / fuel injection pum p
A The air and fuel m ixed ¡nside th e
2
S p eakin g
YCJ Y l
-
ÓY)
diesel.
___________ th e fuel.
S tu d e n t A: You are a salesperson.
Talk to S tu d en t B about:
$ Listen and read the tru c k ad again. W hen does the
air and fuel m ixture of th e diesel engine flo w into the
com bustión cham ber?
•
parts that are different between
gasoline and diesel englnes
•
w ays gasoline and diesel
englnes fu n c tlo n differently
Listen to a conversation b e tw e e n a salesperson and
a custom er. C hoose the co rre ct answ ers.
•
w hich englne you recom m end
1
S tudent B: You are a c u sto m e r
at a ca r dealershlp. Talk to
S tu d en t A a bo u t a tru c k th a t is
avallable w ith a gasoline or diesel
engine.
Listening
0
W hat are th e speakers m ainly ta lkin g about?
A th e differences betw een tw o englnes
B w h a t m akes gasoline engines efflclent
C how to repair a ty p e o f diesel englne
D th e price o f tw o m od e ls o f a tru c k
2
0
$
W hy d oe s th e w om a n prefer diesel engines?
A th e y are ch eaper
C th e y are sim p ler
B they are m ore e fficie n t
D th e y are m ore durable
W riting
0
Listen again and c o m p lete th e conversation.
C u stom er: A ctually, I do. W h at are th e d ifferences betw een
th e 1 __________________________ pow ered m odels?
S alesm an: A sid e 2 __________________________ , th e y are both
identical.
Use the ad and the conversation
from Task 8 to fill out the car
d e a lers h ip ’s frequently asked
questions page.
Diesel Engines:
Frequently A sked Q uestions
C ustom er:
B ut th e ir engines are different?
Q
Salesm an:
Yes. For the engines 3 __________________________
different types o f fuel, they have to run a bit differently.
A __________________
C ustom er:
Oh, so th e y have slig h tly d iffe re n t engine parts?
S alesm an:
Exactly. For instance, the diesel engine has 4 ______
________ instead o f spark plugs.
C ustom er:
Do th e y co m p re ss fuel th e sam e way?
S alesm an:
No. The diesel engine co m p re sse s air, and then a
5 _______________ ___________ a d d s th e fuel.
C ustom er:
Fimm. W hich m odel w o u ld you recom m end?
S alesm an:
In m y opinión, th e diesel m odel is better. It’s 6 ______
________ , and th e fuel is a b it cheaper.
W hat is th e m ain c~ e re n ce between
gasoline anc cese* engines?
De ; ase e -g in e s use th e sam e
: s " s as gasoline engines?
A
ch typ e o f engine is better?
9
EXCELSiOR MOTORS
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
G et ready!
0
B efore you read th e passage,
ta lk about th es e questions.
A t E xcelsior M otors, w e
build cars th a t are great fo r the
environm ent. We try to m inim lze th e
enviro nm ental im p a ct our cars produce. We also
c o n d u c t w e lls -to -w h e e ls assessm ents to ensure our
cars are green.
1 W hat are som e alternative fuel
sources fo r cars?
W hat is fuel e fflcle n cy a n d j
w h y is it im portant?
fo ssil fuel
^
One w a y o ur cars are environ m en ta lly frien d ly Is th e ir
fuel efficiency.
Á il o f o u r cars ge't 55 m pg on th e highway. Feel free to c o m p are our
cars to others. O ur fuel to m ile ratio s ca nn o t be beat.
G reat gas m ileag e Is ju s t one w a y w e help th e environm ent.
We also m inim lze th e em issions o ur cars produce. We believe
global w arm in g Is a serious problem . So, w e m ake sure th a t o ur
cars co n trib u te to it very little.
5-
We are aiso d e d ica te ’d to reducing o ur d ep e nd e nce on fossil
fuels. O ur R&D d e p a rtm e n t is cu rre n tly w o rkln g on a new
ty p e o f biodiesel. They are also researching
fuel cells.
k
If you are driving
an Excelsior,
you are helping the
planet.
R eading
0
R ead th e w e b p a g e . Then,
choose th e co rre ct answ ers.
1 W h at ¡s th e m ain ¡dea o f th e w ebpage?
A recent developm ents in alternative fuel sources
V o cab u lary
©
Fill in th e blanks w ith th e co rre ct w ords or
phrases from th e w ord bank.
B h ow to increase th e fuel e fficie n cy o f a car
C . th e typ e s o f Chem icals th a t are in vehicle
em issions
Q r ld i
c o m p are
fuel cell
D how a c o m p a n y ’s cars are environm entally
frien d ly
2
W hich o f th e fo llo w in g is NO T a cu rre n t feature
o f th e ca rs d escribe d ?
__A th e v a r e fuel e fficie n t
B th e y have low environm ental im p a ct
C they use fuel cells
D they have low em issions
3
em issions fossil fuels
m pg
w e lls -to -w h e e ls
1 The c u sto m e r w anted to - ^
3
----------------------
th e engines o f th e tw o cars.
2
Today, m ost cars run on
3
The d ealership listed th e c a r’s fuel e fficie n cy in
C.QM(feVc----------•
4 The co m p a n y co n d u cte d a(n)
____________________ assessm ent o f th e c a r’s
lite cycle.
W h at can you infer a b o u t fuel efficiency?
B burnlng less fuel is g oo d fo r th e environm ent
5 The lab ¡s developing a(n) '• c .-f^
i i______
th a t uses hydrogen to p ro d u ce electriclty.
C low fuel e fficie n cy created fe w e r em issions
6
A biodiesel is m ore e fficie n t than fossil fuels
The ca r p rod uce s very fe w harm ful
D fifty-five miles per gallón ¡s a poor gas mileage
—
.
O R ead th e sentence pairs.
C hoose w hich w ord or phrase
b est fits each blank.
0
® Listen again and c o m p lete th e conversation.
Salesm an:
1 fuel e fficien cy / biodiesel
A The plant co nve rte d vegetable
oil into \ ) * Q g / j e € p | ■
B The ca r w on an aw ard fo r its
high level o f £ t> e l
Y .>
2
gas m ileag e / global w arm in g
A The n eig hb o r’s giant tru c k gets
terrible
0 B The s c ie n tlsts said vehlcle
em isslons cause
<^1 q V»4 _____ ,'f)
3
C ustom er: A nd th e o th e r ca rs you sell run 2 ___________
. like gasoline or norm al diesel.
Salesm an:
T h a t’s correct. The E co-C ar ¡s cu rre n tly o ur o nly m odel
th a t runs on a ltern atlve fuel.
C ustom er:
H ow does ¡ts 3 _____________
car?
com pare to a norm al
Salesm an: To be honest, ¡t’s n ot as good. Its gas m ileage is tw o to
ten p erce nt lower.
C ustom er:
Yikes. So w h a t e xa ctly ¡s goo d a bo u t ¡t?
Salesm an:
Well, fo r one, it has fa r fe w e r 4 _________________ than
a ca r th a t runs on fossil fuel.
C ustom er:
So th e E co-C ar co n trib u te s less to 5 _________________
than ano th e r car.
Salesm an:
Exactly. It’s sp e ciflca lly design e d to have a 6 ________
ratio / enviro nm ental im pact
A The team w a n ts to increase
th e c a r’s m ile -to-g a llo n
¿ 0 4 ____________.
The prim ary d ifference betw een them is th e fuel
source. It 1 __________________________ .
B The team deslgned th e ca r to
have a very low
\ ¡ / iih \r < Á v i w -ie / i r o
y vm p o o 4
S p eakin g
0W ith a partner, a c t out th e roles b elo w based on Task 7.
0$
Listen and read the
w ebpage again. W hat is the
c o m p a n y ’s R&D d e p a rtm e n t
researching?
Then, sw itch roles.
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
W h at’s the d iffe re n c e ...? / H o w does its .. . co m p a re t o ...?
The m ain d iffe re n c e ...
Listening
0
® Listen to a conversation
b e tw een a c a r salesm an and
a custom er. M a rk th e follow ing
sta te m e n ts as true (T) or
false (F).
1 __The d ealership o nly sells one
ty p e o f ca r th a t runs on
biodiesel.
2
__The E co-C ar has b ette r fuel
e fficie n cy than th e
d e a le rsh ip ’s o th er cars.
3
__The E co-C ar has m ore
harm ful e m isslons than the
o th er cars.
S tu d e n t A: You are a ca r salesm an. Talk to S tu d en t B about:
•
th e fuel source o f a car
•
h o w th e c a r’s em issions co m p a re to o th e r cars
•
h o w th e c a rs fuel e fficie n cy com p a res to o th e r cars
S tu d e n t B: You are a c u s to m e r at a ca r dealership. Talk to
S tu d e n t A a b o u t a c a r’s em issions and fuel efficiency.
W riting
0 Use th e w e b p a g e and the conversation fro m Task 8 to
fill out th e consum er review of a car.
Review
C a r :__________
A dvantages: _
D isadvantages:
O verall rating:
J
11
5
Hybrids
Hybrid Ratings
G e t ready!
USER REPORT
O B efore you read th e passage,
ta lk a b o u t th es e questions
EMC Delta C ....... .................................
The EM C Delta H ybrid C is a plug-in hybrid.
As such, it can use its engine, its ele ctric
m o to r or both. This ca r features an NM C
lithium ion battery. This ty p e o f b atte ry is
dura ble and very long lasting. Thus, th e car
b a tte ry rarely needs to be charged.
Final Rating: 3/5
1 W hat is a hybrid car?
2
W hat varieties o f h ybrid
cars are there?
Á
n f continuo usly variable
1
transm issio n
Criterion Fossa II ...............................
The C riterion Fossa II is also a parallel hybrid.
It s ta n d s o u t th a n k s to its reg e n e ra tiv e
b rakin g system . W henever, th e vehicle
brakes, it reclaim s som e o f th e energy used.
The ca r uses th e energy to charge th e battery.
A g e n e ra to r in th e c o m b u s tió n e ngine also
generates electricity.
Final Rating: 4/5
lithium ion b attery
charg ed
c *
( e le ctricity )
Neptune Proteus..................................
The N eptune P roteus is a tw o -m o d e hybrid.
U nlike m o s t cars, th e P roteu s has a
con tin u o u sly v aria b le tra n s m iss io n . This
a llo w s it to s w itc h b etw e en a va st range o f
g ea r ratios. Thus, th e c a r can a d ju st ra tio s
betw een engine and ca r speed seam lessly.
Final Rating: 5/5
R eading
0
Read th e report. Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 ^
The D elta C ’s regenerative braking system
can reclaim energy.
2
__An N M C lithium ion b a tte ry can last a long
tim e betw een charges.
3
__The tw o -m o d e h ybrid has a higher rating
than th e parallel hybrid.
Q R ead th e sen ten ce pairs. C hoose w hich
w ord or phrase best fits each blank.
1
A The m an b o u g h t a i■
__________________
____________________ b e ca u se o f its fuel
econom y.
V o cab u lary
@ M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1 -6) w ith the
definitions (A-F).
1 £ charge
4 1_ p lu g -in hybrid
2
reclaim
5
tw o -m o d e hybrid
3
Q_ gen e ra to r
6 ^
lithium ion b atte ry
B T h e ______________________________________
gave th e car m any e n g in e -to -ca r speed
ratios.
2
B a ty p e o f ca r th a t can gather p o w e r fro m an
electrical so cke t
B The m o to r recharged itse lf using the
y-e^^ioe
C a m achine th a t co n ve rts energy into e le ctricity
D a typ e o f rechargeable e le ctric sto rag e device
reg en erative brakin g system / parallel hybrid
A The
I
\ ^ b t ~ ) c / _____
co u ld use both its engine and its m o to r
together.
A to g et som ething b a c k so it can be reused
12
X
hybrid / continuously variable transm ission
3
energy / electricity
E a ca r th a t changes th e prop ulsión System s it
uses based on speed
A The braking system harnessed th e w h e e l’s
kine tic ~~ i £ >■ ■y V_______.
F to fill a b atte ry w ith energy
B A gen e ra to r in th e c p m b u stio n engine
generates
_____________ ,
0U
Listen and read the hybrid ratings user
rep o rt again. W hich c a r is a tw o -m o d e
hybrid?
Listening
S p eakin g
0 With a partner, act out the roles below
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
00
Listen to a conversation b e tw een a
c u s to m e r and a c a r salesm an. C ho ose the
co rre ct answ ers.
C an 1 a s k y o u ...?
T
D o y o u k n o w ...?
W ell, first, t h e ...
1 W h at are th e speakers m ainly ta lkin g about?
A w here a h y b rid ’s gen e ra to r ¡s
B w h a t typ e o f b atte ry a h ybrid uses
C h ow a h ybrid reclaim s energy
D w h a t kind o f hybrid a ca r is
2 W h at does th e h y b rid ’s m o to r a pp ly resistance
to?
0
A th e w heels
C th e brakes
B th e drive train
D th e g en e ra to r
S tudent A: You are a custom er. Talk to S tudent B
about:
•
w h a t a regenerative braking system is
•
how a regenerative braking system w o rks
•
h o w m uch energy a regenerative braking
system prod uce s
S tu d e n t B: You are a salesperson a t a ca r
dealership. Talk to S tu d e n t A a b o u t regenerative
braking system s.
$ Listen again and co m p le te the
conversation.
C ustom er:
A pparently, a lot o f y o u r cars
have a 1 ___________________
W hat is that?
S alesm an: That is a feature th a t a llo w s th e ca r to
2 _________________ during braking.
C ustom er:
0U se th e hybrid ratings and the conversation
from Task 8 to fill out th e pam phlet on
hybrids.
Really? H ow does th a t w ork?
S alesm an: Well, firs t th e e le ctric m o to r applies
resistance to the drive train. This causes
the w heels to s lo w d ow n. In tu m , the
energy fro m th e w heels tu rn s th e
3 _______________ .
C ustom er:
Oh, then th e spinning generator co nve rts
the kine tic energy 4 _______________
S alesm an:
Precisely. It effectively utilizes energy w hich
w o u ld otherw ise 5 _______ _______
C ustom er:
Great. Do you kn ow th e s p e cific a m ount
o f energy th e system produces?
S alesm an:
W riting
l’m sorry, but I d o n ’t. I’m not quite
6 _________________ w ith autom o bile
fio w e r system s.
What you
need to know
If y o u ’re conside ring a hybrid, you should
kn o w th e y ’re not all th e sam e. C h e ck o u t our
d e s crip tio n o f th e three m ain types.
The P lug-ln H y b rid :_______________ ,________
The Parallel Hybrid:
The T w o-M o de H ybrid:
Electric Cars
G e t ready!
R eading
O B efore you read th e passage, ta lk about
th es e questions.
0
Read th e article. Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 W hat is an e le ctric c a r’s range, and
w h a t are ¡ts effects?
E lectric cars have half the tail pipe
e m issions o f c o m b u s tió n engines.
2
The cu rre n t range o f ele ctric cars is % o f cars
w ith a co m b u s tió n engines.
W here do ele ctric cars receive
p o w e r from ?
O nboard chargers co uld m ake e le ctric cars
m ore co m m o n.
tail p ipe em issions
V o cab u lary
0 M atch th e w ords or phrases (1-7) w ith the
definitions (A-G).
e le ctric m o to r
1 x ) p h o to vo lta ic
5
2
6 5 - m iles Per charge
3 C / e le ctric m o to r
4
charging port )
7
charging station
tail pipe em issions
^fc o n b o a rd charger
A gases p rod uce d by c o m b u stió n engines
Sun Solve
the Problents or
the Electric Car?
Today, hybrid cars are very popular, but electric
cars have yet to really catch on. They provide many
benefits. They have zero tail pipe em issions and
are cheap to recharge. Yet few people drive one,
and the reason w hy is simple.
Until recently, the range o f a car with only an electric
m otor was limited. Previously, electric cars could
only travel one third as far as a normal one. Their
miles per charge were unsatisfactory. Furthermore,
m ost places lacked the infrastructure to support
them. Gas stations were everywhere, but charging
stations were hard to find. And you can’t pum p gas
into the charging port.
Thus, owners were trapped within 100 miles
o f their houses. Only recently have
charging docks becom e more
abundant.
However, this problem may soon
disappear. Many new electric
cars have onboard chargers,
such as solar panels. These
cars can use photovoltaic cells
i recharge their batteries as they
drive. Hopefully, this will make electric
cars much more com m on.
__ charging port
_
B able to p rod uce e le c tric ity w hen expo sed to the
sun
C a device th a t converts electricity into m echanical
energy
D a s o c ke t w here an e le ctric ca r can c o n n e ct to a
p ow er source
E a place th a t su pp lie s energy fo r ele ctric cars
F a device b uilt into a ca r th a t can s u p p ly the
c a r’s b atte ry w ith p ow er
G a m easurem ent o f h ow far an e le ctric car can
travel on a full b attery
0
Read the sentence pairs. Choose which
w ord or phrase best fits each blank.
1 solar panel / charging d ock
A The m an installed a _______
fo r his ele ctric ca r in his garage.
B The ca r captures energy using its
I S n / c ir
e f______ w h e ne ve r it is
outside.
2
e le ctric c a r / range
A The m an b o u g h ta (n i.
at th e dealership.
’e f V C e, ^
B The ca r h a d a f n te d .
th a t it could tra ve on a full tai
0
Listen and read the article again. W h at
kind of onboard chargers do n ew electric
cars have?
Listening
S peakin g
0 With a partner, act out the roles below
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
0 íi
Listen to a conversaron betw een tw o car
salespeople. Choose the correct answers.
1 d o u b t ...
1 W hat are the speakers m ainly ta lkin g about?
Yeah, b u t ...
A
R e a lly? W h y ’s th a t?
how well electric cars will sell
B w h y charging stations are rare
2
T
C how to install a charging d ock
S tu d e n t A: You are a car salesperson. Talk to
S tudent B about:
D w h y e le ctric cars have s h o rt ranges
•
w h e th er or n ot e le ctric cars w ill sell w ell
W hich o f the fo llo w in g s u p p o rts the w o m a n ’s
o pin ió n?
•
reasons w h y th e y m ig h t sell well
•
reasons w h y th e y m ig h t not sell well
A ele ctric cars d o n ’t have tail pipe em issions
B charging sta tion s are very d ifficu lt to find
C ele ctric ca r b atteries are cheap to recharge
S tu d e n t B: You are a ca r salesperson. Talk to
S tu d e n t A a b o u t e le ctric c a r sales.
D people can install th e ir o w n charging d o c k s
0
0 Listen again and c o m p lete the
conversation.
S alesperson 1:
I bet they will. A fter all, they have
no 1 __________________________ O
so th e y d o n ’t c o n trlb u te directly to
global warm ing. Plus, they are
cheap to recharge.
W riting
0U se th e article and the conversation from
Task 8 to fill out th e em ail from one car
salesperson to another.
S alesperson 2: T h a t’s true, b u t 2 _________________
th e y will sell as well as you th in k
th e y will.
S alesperson 1:
Really? W hy is th a t?
S alesperson 2:
B ecause there are so fe w places to
charge them . U nless you Uve ¡n
C alifornia, Norway, or Japan,
3 _________________ are hard to find.
Hey Bob,
B u t p eo p le c a r install 4 ________
________ in th e ir garages.
O ur d ealership recently received a lo t o f e le ctric cars.
I t h in k _____________________________________________
S alesperson 1:
S alesperson 2: Yeah, b ut 5 _________________ ¡s stlll
lim ited to a sh ort radius around
th e ir house.
The reason I th ink th s 5 : e :a _ ;e
S alesperson 1: W hat do you m ean?
Then again, ____________________
S alesperson 2: W ell, since 6 _________________ are
so rare, ow n ers w o n ’t be able to
ta ke road trlps.
W hat do you th nk?
Talk to you a te '
Diane
7
Brake Systems
G e t ready!
0
1
B efore you read th e
passage, ta lk about these
questions.
1
H ow do d isc brakes w ork?
2
H ow do drum brakes w ork?
Asyour car or truck
stopping like it should?
If not, bring it in to W estville A utos. We specialize ¡n
repairing all typ e s o f b rake system s, even parking
brakes.
M ost cars have at least one pair o f disc brakes. They
consist o f calipers w ith tw o brake pads on them . We can
ensure that they work. Are you w orried about the System
th a t pow ers your disc brakes? Have no fe a r—w e are highly
trained to repair p ow er brakes and th e ir brake boosters.
Not all brakes are disc brakes though. M any cars also have
drum brakes. They press a brake shoe against the inside
o f y o u r w heels. We fix drum brakes ju s t as w ell as disc
brakes.
We can even repair the system th a t m akes yo ur brakes
w ork. A lm o st all brakes on cars are hydraulic brakes.
These system s store brake fluid in a m as ter cylinder.
Then, when you brake, the fluid travels through brake lines
to the wheels. If any part is broken, w e will fix it.
Cali or visit todayl
V o cab u lary
© Read th e sentence pairs. C hoose w hich
w ord or phrase best fits each blank.
1
b rake shoes / b rake pads
A The pistons pushed th e _________________
against th e inside o f th e drum .
B The ca lipe r pressed the d isc b ra ke ’s
_________ %_____________aga inst th e rotor.
2
R eading
A T h e _____________________________ increased
th e fo rcé app lie d to the brake pedal.
© Read th e ad. Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 _
2
_
The co m p a n y sp ecializes in repairing every
ty p e o f braking system .
P ow er brakes are used to p o w e r drum brake
system s.
3_____ Drum brakes are located o u tsid e o f a c a r’s
w heels.
16
hydraulic b rake / p o w er b rake
B T h e _____________________________ pushed
brake flu id to th e c a r’s brakes.
3
b rake bo o ster / b rake fluid
A ___________________________ flo w e d through
th e break line to th e brake.
B T h e _____________________________ m ade it
easier to s lo w th e ca r d ow n.
O M a tch th e w ords or phrases
(1-7) w ith th e definitions (A-G).
1 __caliper
2 __brake line
3 __d isc brake
4 __drum brake
5 __brake system
6
__parking brake
7 __m aster cylin de r
A a typ e of brake th a t stops cars by
pressing brake shoes on a drum
0
Listen again and c o m p le te the conversation.
Mechanic 1: Well, th e o w n er o f th is car th in k s th a t there is
som e th ing w rong w ith 1 ___________________
Mechanic 2: Like w hat?
Mechanic 1: H e’s n ot sure. So, l’m ch ecking th e 2 ________
Mechanic 2: Hey, 3
_to loo k at the places w here
th e brake lines m eet th e brakes them selves.
Mechanic 1 : D on’t worry, I w o n ’t forget. So, w h a t are you 4 _____
________________ ?
Mechanic 2: Som e brake shoes. For som e reason, th is c a r’s
5 _________________ also w o n ’t engage.
B a device th a t h olds and presses
brake pads aga inst a ro tor
Mechanic 1 : Hm m . It m ig h t be 6 _________________ or th e drum
itself too.
C a ty p e o f brake th a t uses brake
pads and ro tors to s to p a car
D a device used to prevent cars
fro m a ccid e n ta lly m oving
E any com bination o f m oving parts
used to slow dow n a vehicle
F th e co n ta in e r in w h ich a hydraulic
b ra k e ’s brake fluid is stored
G a pipe or hose th a t brake fluid
flo w s through
S p e a k in g
0W ith a partner, a ct out th e roles below based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
W hat are y o u ...?
T
D o n ’t fo rg e t t o ...
D o n ’t w o rry ,...
0
Listen and read the ad
again. W here do hydraulic
b rake system s store th eir
b rake fluid?
Listening
0
U Listen to a conversation
b e tw e e n tw o m echanics.
C hoose the co rre ct answ ers.
1 W h at are th e speakers m ainly
ta lkin g about?
A w ays to repair certain brakes
B w hy drum brake usage is fading
W riting
0Use th e ad and th e conversation from Task 8 to fill out
th e c a r repair invoice.
C how hydra ulic brakes w o rk
2
D the w ork needed on tw o cars
Westville Autos / - / Vehicle Repair Invoice
W hat prevented th e d isc brakes
from w o rkin g ?
P ro b le m :_________
A The ca lipe r w a s ja m m e d .
B The hydraulics were detached.
C The brake pad w as loose
D The brake fluid w ould not ftow.
Service P erform ed:
Parts R eplaced: _
Total C o s t:_______
D e f ia n t
S í EERING SYSTEM
4%
0 M
The D efiant fe a tu re s a ra c k -a n d -p in io n
steering system . The steering w heel co n n e cts to a
c o lu m n ca lled a s tee rin g shaft. The s h a ft’s o th e r end
c o n n e cts to a gear-shaped pinion. W hen th e steering w heel
turns, the pinion does to o . The p in io n ’s teeth fit into th o se o f a long
rod ca lled a rack. Thus, w hen th e p inion ro tate s, th e ra ck m oves
rig h t or left.
Empire
Automobiles
Tie rods c o n n e ct the
ra c k ’s ends to control
arm s. The inner tie rod
co n n e cts to th e rack. The
outer tie rod co n n e cts to the
control arm s. As th e rack
m oves, th e co n tro l arm s
tu rn. Then, a spindle
a tta ch e d to the
control arm tu rns
th e w heels.
The Defiant also
features a p ow er
steering system . As
such, the D efiant’s rack
has a pistón th a t co nn e cts to a
p ow er steering pum p. This
pum p supplies highpressure fluid to either
side o f the pistón. This
allow s it to help the
driver turn the
car.
V o cab u lary
0
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-7) w ith th e
definitions (A-G).
G e t ready!
1 __rotate
__inner tie rod
0
B efore you read the passage, ta lk about
th es e questions.
2
__steering shaft
1 W hat is a rack and pinion. and h ow does it w ork?
4
2
W hat is p o w e r steering?
__pinion
3 __co ntro l arm
__p ow er steering pum p
__o u te r tie rod
a m etal rod th a t co n n e cts to w heels and tu rn s
them
R eading
a m etal rod th a t co n n e cts a steering box to a
steering co lum n
0
to tu m around a ce nter p oin t or axis
Read the w e b p a g e . Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 __The steering shaft is co n n e cte d d ire ctly to
the rack.
a p iv o t th a t co n n e cts a control arm to a steering
m echan tsm
a g e a r w ith teeth th a t fit into th o se o f a rack
2
__The pinion m oves th e rack rig h t or left by
rotating.
a p v o t th a t co n n e cts an outer tie rod to a
steering m echan ism
3
__The pow er steering system uses fluid to m ove
the pinion.
a device th a t applies pressurized flu id to a
steering system
S p e a k in g
0 With a partner, act out the
O R ead th e sen ten ce pairs. C ho ose w h ic h w o rd or phrase
best fits each blank.
1
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
rac k / spindle
A The hub and w heel bearings w ere m ounted on th e
B The pinion m oved t h e ______________________ right and left
as it rotated.
2
steering system / p o w er system
A The car used a rack-and-pinion s ty le d ______________________
B T h e ______________________ assisted th e driver in turning
th e w heels.
0
Q Listen and read the w e b p a g e again. W h at do the
s y stem ’s tie rods con n ect to?
Listening
0
$ Listen to a conversation b e tw e e n a salesperson and
a custom er. C ho ose th e co rre ct answ ers.
1 W h at are th e speakers m ainly ta lkin g about?
A th e typ e s o f steering System s cars have
B w h y a ca r has a certain steering system
C h o w a c a r’s steering system w o rks
D a co m p a riso n betw een tw o steering System s
W riting
2 W hich o f th e fo llo w in g d oe s th e m an n ot kn o w m uch about?
0U se the w e b p a g e and the
A gear-based steering system s
conversation from Task 8 to fill
ou t th e pam phlet on a c a r’s
steering system .
B vehicle steering shafts
C rack and pinion system s
D p o w e r steering system s
0
' EA DEFIANT
Listen again and c o m p le te th e conversation.
C u stom er: Yeah. A pinion is basically a gear a t th e end o f
right?
th e 1
S alesperson:
c
a
SIEEM NG S Y S IiM S
^
What kind of steering system does the
Defia nt have?
2 ___
C ustom er: A nd its teeth fit into teeth on th e rack. The rack
m oves w hen th e 3 ________________.
S alesperson: Yeah, th a t’s how th a t kind o f steering system w orks.
This m odel also has 4 _______________ .
C ustom er:
How does the steering system work?
^
-------------------------------------------------------------
í
What is power steering and how does it
work?
I’m not fa m iliar w ith that. H ow does it w ork?
Salesperson: W ell, th e ca r has a p o w e r ste e rin g p um p . It p um p s
pressu rize d flu id to p art o f th e rack. T h is pushes a
pistón 5 __________________________ either left or right.
C u stom er: Ah, so it m akes th e ca r 6 __________________________
4
19
*
Safety Features
G e t ready!
R eading
O
Q Read th e ad. Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
B efore you read th e passage, talk
ab o u t th ese questions.
1 W h at is th e d ifference betw een curtain
and side to rs o airbags?
__Each seat ¡n th e ca r has d ua l-stag e airbags.
__There are 3 -p o in t seat belts on each o f th e
c a r’s seats.
__The ca r has tw o syste m s th a t help th e driver
brake correctly.
V o cab u lary
©
M a tch the w ords or phrases (1 -8) w ith the
definitions (A-H).
SRS
5
__te th e r a nch o r
DRL
6
__3 -p o in t seat belt
ABS
7 __side to rs o airbag
cru m p le zone
8
__d ua l-stag e airbag
A an area o f a ca r th a t co llap se s in a s p e cific w ay
to abso rb an im p a ct
B an ¡nflatable safety device th a t can a dju st its
inflation level
The D elta 5900 uses a
c ru m p le zone to a bso rb th e im p a ct o f
collisions. It also features m últip le SRSs.
The fro n t and passenger seats have fro n t
d u a l-s ta g e airbags. They also have side
to rso a irb ag s to cu shion p assengers
fro m th e sides. B ut th a t’s n ot a ll—every
side w in d o w features a curtain airbag.
A ir b ag s are n ot th e o n ly re stra in t
fe a tu re , th o u g h . The D elta 5900 also
ías 3 -p o in t s e a t belts on every seat.
Additionally, each b ack seat features a
LATCH system w ith te th e r anchors.
T hese m ake it easy to sa fe ly install
and rem ove m ost child seats.
M any o f th e Delta 5 90 0 ’s safety
features p ro te c t passengers in a
collision. However, th e Delta 5900
also has features th a t prevent
collisions. The c a r’s DR Ls will
increase its consp icu o usn e ss
during the day. Plus, the ABS and
EBD system help prevent loss of
control.
V isit y o u r local Delta dealership
to find o ut more.
C a ca r light th a t tu rn s on w henever th e ca r is
m oving
D a strap-based restraint th a t crosses the w earer’s
lap and chest
E a restraint system in a vehicle th a t is used
alo n gside ano th e r one
F p art o f a LATCH system th a t a te th e r can attach
to securely
G a system th a t p rovide s b e tte r tra ctio n when
roads are slip pe ry
H a device th a t p rovide s a cushion betw een a
passenger and a d o o r
O
R ead th e sen ten ce pairs. C hoose w hich
w ord or phrase best fits each blank.
1
LATCH / EBD
A The w om an used t h e ____________________
system to install th e ch ild seat.
B T h e _____________________ _ a llo w e d the
d rive r to m aintain co ntro l o f th e car.
2
curtain airbag / collision
A There w as a h e a d -o n ____________________
on th e freew ay th is m orning.
B T h e ______________________ ke pt th e m a n ’s
head from h itting th e w indow .
0
Listen and read the ad again. W here are
th e c a r’s side torso airbags located?
S p eakin g
0 With a partner, act out the roles below
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
Listening
0
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
U Listen to a conversation b e tw een a
salesperson and a custom er. C hoose the
c o r r e d answ ers.
It also has a ...
▼
W hat is a ...?
T h at’s d isappointing.
1 W h at are th e speakers m ainly ta lkin g about?
A w h a t a c a r’s safety features are
B how a c a r’s safety features w o rk
2
C w h y a ca r has certain safety features
S tu d e n t A: You are a c u sto m e r at a car
dealership. Talk to S tu d en t B about:
D how to use a c a r’s safety features
•
w hat safety features a car has
•
w h a t one o f th e sa fe ty features does
•
w h a t sa fe ty feature you are looking fo r
W hich safety features d oe s th e m an need?
A d aytim e running lights
B d ua l-stag e airbags
S tu d e n t B You are a ca r salesperson. Talk to
S tu d en t A a b o u t a c a r’s safety features.
C a LATCH System
D a crum p le zone
0
Listen again and c o m p lete the
conversation.
W riting
0
C ustom er:
S alesperson:
Okay. First, w h a t safety features
does th e FTL 2950 have?
It has an a n tl-lo c k braking system ,
1 ________- _________________ ,
a crum p le zone, and 3 -p o in t seat belts
on all seats. Oh, and it also has DRLs.
C ustom er:
W hat 2 _________________ ?
Salesperson:
D aytim e running lights. They m ake it
3 __________________________ fo r
p eople to see th e ca r during th e day.
C ustom er:
Oh, I kn ow w h a t y o u ’re ta lkin g about.
Um , does th e ca r have 4 ________
_________________ fo r child seats?
Salesperson:
C ustom er:
S alesperson:
U se th e ad and the conversation from
Task 8 to fill out th e c u s to m e r fe e d b a c k
form .
No, it d o e s n ’t.
_____________. I like th e o th er
5 ____________
safety features, b ut I need a ca r w ith
te th e r anchors.
CENTENNIAL
AUTO SALES
/ CUSTOMER FEEDBACK FORM \
What did you purchase?
Did you get help from an employee? Y / N
□ □
Was he or sbe heipful? tf so, please explain.
W ell, th e 3260 m odel has 6 ________
_________________ features as the
2950, as w ell as a LATCH system .
Can I sh o w it to you?
21
O
B efore you read th e passage,
ta lk about th ese questions.
1 W hat ¡s a co rp o ra te group, and
h o w is it organlzed?
2
W h at ¡s a brand, and w h a t
¡s Its purpose?
Nlajor Auto Manufacturing
Group Continúes to Expand
C hallenger G roup, a group o f
auto m anufacturers, contlnued
expanding today. The com p a ny
acquired a controlling stak e in
Blue Sky M otors as sm all
autom aker.
Sam Roberts, C hallenger G roup’s
presldent, says ¡t w lll not affect
Blue S ky’s m anagem ent. “We want
to help them develop recognition
o f their brand,” said Roberts.
Blue S ky M otors ow n s three
faetones ¡n C añada and Russla.
They speclalize in solar pow ered
cars. C hallenger G roup m ay be
¡nterested in this technology.
C hallenger G roup generally does
not ¡nterfere w ith its subsidiarles.
The group currently holds stakes
in fourteen autom akers. All
fourteen com panies are successful
under C hallenger Group.
“ We are happy to have C hallenger
G roup as o ur parent co m p an y,”
said Tim G reco, Blue S k y ’s CEO.
w e are currently w o rkin g on
starting a jo int venture w ith
Defiant M otors.”
The grou p acquired m any o f its
shares from N eptune M otor
G roup. The tw o com panies
co m b ine d in a m erg er last year.
The grou p m ay acqulre six m ore
autom akers next year.
V o cab u lary
0
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-8) w ith th e
d e fin itio n s (A -H ).
1 __hold
5
__a utom a ker
2
__share
6
__subsldla ry
3
__group
7 __recognition
4
__acqulre
8
__co ntro llin g stake
A an o rg a n iza ro n o f several co m p a n le s ow n ed by
a single co m p a n y
R eading
0
Read th e article. Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 __The g ro u p acquired th e co ntro llin g stake in
Biue S ky M o to rs today.
2
3
_
C hallenger G roup often d ls tu rb s th e
m anagem ent o f subsidiarles.
__C hallenger G roup and D efiant M otors
m erged last year.
B a co m p a n y th a t ¡s c o m p le te ly co n tro lle d by
ano th e r co m p a n y
C th e a b ility to ide n tify som e th ing based on
previous kn ow le d ge
D to b uy o r obtain som e th ing in a no th e r w ay
E to have or possess som ething
F o w n ersh ip o f th e m ajo rity o f a co m p a n y
G a co m p a n y th a t m anufactures autom o biles
H an equal part o f a co m p a n y th a t a person or
grou p can buy
O
Read th e se n te n c e pairs. C hoose w hich
w ord or phrase best fits each blank.
1
0
$ Listen again and c o m p lete the
conversation.
m anufacturer / parent com pany
A T h e ________________________________ m akes
decisions for all o f its subsidiarles.
Em ployee: You m ean 1 _________________
th e o th e r co m p a n y held, right?
O w ner:
B T h e ___________________________ specialized
in creating organic p rod ucís.
2 jo in t venture / m erg er
Em ployee:
A The tw o co m p a nie s team ed up fo r a w hile to
c o n d u c t a ___________________________ .
B The tw o firm s united in the
___________________________ to fo rm one
large com pany.
3
O w ner:
Em ployee:
O w ner:
brand / stake
A The co m p a n y has a tw e n ty percent
_________________________ in the TV channel.
B The c o m p a n y used ads to p rom o te th e ir
Oh, so w e ’ll be able to sell th e m at our
dealership.
M aybe. We could certainly benefit from
4 _________________ o f th e ir ñam es.
Do you think that this merger will 5 ____
________________ in the com pany?
Perhaps. 6 _________________ m ay be
w o rth m ore now.
S p eakin g
0
0
Precisely. Anyway, our 2 _______
________ will have access 3 ____
í i Listen and read th e a rticle again.
A ccording to th eir president, w h a t does
C h allen g er G roup w a n t to help Blue Sky
do?
W ith a partner, a c t out th e roles below
based on Task 7. Then, sw itch roles.
O u r p a re n t co m p a n y w ill...
So w e ’ll be able to ... / D o yo u th in k ... ?
Listening
0
í i Listen to a conversation b e tw een a
dealership o w n e r and an em ployee. Choose
th e co rre ct answ ers.
1 W h at are th e speakers m ainly ta lkin g about?
A h ow to sell th e ir b ran ds b e tte r
B h ow to a cquire shares in a co m p a ny
C how a m erger will affect them
D h ow th e ir parent co m p a n y is organized
2
W hich o f th e fo llo w in g does th e w om an w ant?
A m ore shares in her c o m p a n y ’s parent
co m p a ny
W riting
0
U se the article and the conversation from
Task 8 to fill out the c o m p lete th e m em o.
B th e ability to sell ano th e r c o m p a n y ’s brands
C a new w a y to d evelop re co g nitio n o f her
co m p a ny
D a merger between her com pany and another
To: All dealers' p eme : ~
From : June MerdeSsobn.. Vanager
Re: Merger
Recently, o u company announced that it is merging
with another automaker.________________________
Let me know if you have any questions,
June
23
show room
G e t ready!
O
B efore you read th e passage, ta lk about
th es e questions.
1 W hat co m p o n e n ts generally m ake up a
d e a le rsh ip ’s Service fa cility?
2
In w hat w ays are a ca r d e a le rsh ip ’s lot and
sh ow roo m different?
R e ad in g
©
R ead th e ad. Then, c o m p lete th e table.
D eaiership d e p a rtm e n t
í
]
Provides loans fo r
custom ers to purchase
cars
1
2
Parts Desk
3
m echanic shop
refreshm ents
Services p erfo rm ed
Repalrs dam age
to cars
V o c a b u la ry
©
Fill in th e blanks w ith th e co rre ct w ords or
phrases from th e w ord bank.
BANK
deaiership financing office lobby
lot
m ech an ic shop
parts d esk refreshm ents
Southeastern Defiant Motors
is your source for LOW PRICES
. sold cars from
a s p e cific m an u fa ctu re r overseas.
W e are th e largest D eflant M o to rs deaiership ¡n the
province. We have o ver 700 cars on o u r lot. C om e
In to d a y and have som e refreshm en ts as you look
arou nd o ur s h o w ro o m . O ur h elpful s ta ff w ill m eet
you right as you enter the lobby. O nce you fin d a car,
visit o ur financing office. They will set you up w ith
a low interest loan.
O f course, our Service does not end w hen you buy
yo ur car. We also have a full Service fa cility w ith a
m ech an ic shop and body shop. We can repair any
d am age th a t h appens to y o u r car. Do you prefer to
repair y o u r car yourself? O ur parts desk can provide
you w ith any p art you need. If w e do n ot have it in
o u r s to c k ro o m . w e will o rde r it fo r you. We will even
have ¡t sh ip pe d to you overnlght.
2
The w om an to o k her ca r to the
to have its engine
repaired.
3
A fte r se lecting his car, th e man app lie d fo r a
loan a t t h e ___________________
4
There w ere o ver 200 cars on th e s to re ’s
5
The sales staff s e rv e d .
to all o f th e ir custom ers.
6
The m an p icke d up a new m uffler at the
7 The
. w as loca te d at
th e fro n t entrance to th e bullding.
Visit Southwestern Defiant Motors todayi
i
0
R ead th e sen ten ce pairs. C hoose w hich w ord or phrase
best fits each blank.
1
S p eakin g
0 With a partner, act out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
s tockroom / Service facility
A The dealership had a fu ll_________________
cars.
. fo r repairing
U S E LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
B The d ealership kept its spare parts in t h e .
2
body shop / show room
C o u ld y o u te ll m e ... ?
A The dealership’s cars were on display in the _
Go to ... To the le f t ...
to have his c a r’s
B The m an w e n t to the
b um p e r replaced.
0
Can I help yo u ...?
$ Listen and read the ad again. W hen will th e parts
desk o rder a part fo r a custom er?
Listening
0
$ Listen to a conversation b e tw een a g re e te r and a
custom er. C hoose th e c o rre c t answ ers.
1 W h at are th e speakers m ainly ta lkin g about?
A w h a t th e d ealership has in its sh ow roo m
B w here p art o f the d ealership is located
C h o w large th e d e a le rsh ip ’s b o d y sh op is
D w h a t ca r p arts the m an is looking fo r
2
W hich o f th e fo llo w in g is clo se st to th e d e a le rsh ip ’s lobby?
A th e s to ckro o m
C th e fin an cin g o ffice
B th e sh ow roo m
D th e b o d y shop
W riting
0
0
U Listen again and co m p le te th e conversation.
G reeter:
C ustom er:
G reeter:
C ustom er:
_____________ . The f
Sure. W e’re currently in 1
sh ow roo m is behind m e. Go to th e b ack and
y o u ’ll reach th e 2 _________________ . To th e left there is
a hallw ay 3 __________________________ . G rab
som e th ing to d rin k w h ile y o u ’re there.
Okay. Is 4 _
Use the ad and the conversation
from Task 8 to fill out the
cu sto m er fe e d b a c k form .
£ £ £ £ , iFeedback Fonn
_down th e hallway?
Southeastem Defiant
Yes, it is. The b o d y sh op is at th e beginning o f the
hallway. The parts d e sk is rig h t behind it.
So, it’s dow n the hallway, after 5 _________________
G reeter:
T h a t’s right. B ut if you reach 6 ____
y o u ’ve gone to o far.
C ustom er:
All right. W ell, th a nks fo r yo ur help.
heo ,sMhe1Ptul?«so,pWsee».pWn.
Vías
Get ready!
O B efore you read th e passage, ta lk about
th es e questions.
©
Read th e jo b ads. Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 W hat p o sitio n s at a d ealership help
m aintain cars, and w h a t do th e y do?
1 __Delta A u to Sales w a n ts a salesm an w lth at
2
2
least ten years o f experience.
W hat so rts o f people at a car
d ealership handle co n tra cts?
__S uper Used C ars is looking to hire an
e xperienced accou ntan t.
3 __M ost o f th e open p osition s at N ew W orld
N eptune report to th e manager.
Vocabulary
©
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1 -6) w ith the
definitions (A-F).
1 __w asher
sales staff
2 __m anager
w a rran ty
3
__m echanic
a d m in istra to r
4
_ title clerk
A a person w h o organizes a business and tells
others w h a t to do
B th e p eople at a business w ho sell p ro d u cís
C a person w h o creates c o n tra c ts th a t tra nsfer
o w n ersh lp o f prop erty
- HELP WANTED
Delta A u to Sales is
looklng fo r an
e xperienced salesm an.
Ideal ca n d id a te s w ill be
m otiva te d and o utgo ing .
S om eone w lth five to
ten years o f experlence
w ill be preferred. Join
o ur sales staff today!
Cali (555) 348 - 4590.
A cc o u n ta n t w anted.
S uper Used Cars is
looking fo r som eone
w ith experlence
m anaging financial
accou nts. Thls position
w ill w o rk d ire ctly w ith
the ch ie f financial
officer and the
m anager. Fax yo ur
résum é to (555) 8376299.
N ew W orld N eptune
D ealership is hiring. NW ND
has ope n in g s fo r lot porters,
detailers, w ashers, and a
receptionist. The
m aintenance p osition s will
re po rt to o u r c h ie f m echanic.
The re ce p tio n ist will re po rt to
th e m anager. A p p ly in person
on Ju ly 3rd. We w ill be
holding a jo b fa ir at our
dealership on 2nd Avenue
and C entral Street.
Burrsvllle D efiant M otors is
loo kin g fo r skilled
professionals. We need an
e xperienced title c lerk and
w a rra n ty a d m in is tra to r to
join o ur team . We o ffe r a
c o m p e titive ben e fits package.
Send y o u r résum é to
hr@ burrsvilledefiant.com
today!
D a person w h o w ashes cars
r
E a person w h o m aintalns and repairs cars
F a person w h o w o rks w ith a b usine ss’s
w arranties
©
R ead th e sentence pairs. C hoose w hich
w ord or phrase best fits each blank.
1
salesm an / a cc o u n ta n t
A T h e _________________
balanced th e
c o m p a n y ’s fin an ces yesterday.
B T h e ______________________ co n vince d fo u r
p eople to buy cars today.
2
d etailer / receptionist
A M any people called ¡n, so t h e _____________
w as busy all day.
B T h e _____________ m eticu lou sly cleaned the
c a r’s seats.
3
lot p o rter / financial o fficer
A T h e _____________________
.o rga n ize d
and m alntalned th e c o m p a n y ’s cars.
B The c o m p a n y ’s ____________________
d ecide d h ow to d is trib u te funds.
0
Q Listen and read the jo b ads again. W hat
positions is Burrsville D efiant M o tors
looking to fill?
Listening
0
S p eakin g
0 With a partner, act out the roles below
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
USE L A N G U A G E S U C H AS:
C o u ld yo u d escribe y o u r p reviou s
experience?
$ Listen to a conversation b e tw een an
interview er and a job applican t. C hoose the
c o rre c t answ ers.
Well, l ’m ... / D o yo u have a n y ...?
1 W h at are th e speakers m ainly ta lkin g about?
A th e experience required fo r a jo b
B p rojects th e m an has w o rke d on
C th e c o m p a n y ’s last financial officer
D a p osition s n on -m an a ge m en t d uties
2
W hich o f the follow ing does the position report to?
A th e w a rran ty a dm inistra to r
B th e title clerk
C th e m anager
D th e a cco u n ta n t
0
í» Listen again and co m p le te the
conversation.
Interview er:
W riting
0
Use th e jo b ads and th e conversation from
Task 8 to fill out th e jo b application.
Indeed. So, w h a t do you th in k
m akes you fit to be 1 ________
9
A pplicant:
Interview er:
W ell, I am very g o o d w ith num b ers and
I excel at m ultitasking.
C ould you d e scrib e y o u r 2 ________
______ ?
Applicant:
Sure. I w as 3
________ fo r
tw elve years, and I w a s the financial
o fficer at m y last com pany.
Interview er:
I see. Do you have any m anagem ent
experience?
Applicant:
Yes, I do. 4 _________________four people
at m y last job. If you d o n ’t m ind me
asking, how m any people does this
position oversee?
Interview er: This position oversees three accountants,
as w ell as 5 __________________________
and a w a rran ty adm inistrator.
Ñame:
Retevant
A pplicant: T h a t’s interesting. And w h o does th is
position re po rt to?
Interview er: This p osition answ ers to the 6 ________
Previous
27
13
Salary and Incentives
G e t ready!
R eading
0
0
B efore you read th e passage,
ta lk ab o u t th ese questions.
1 W hat are th e different typ e s o í
com m issio n s th a t a car salesm an
can earn?
2
Read the em p io yee m anual excerp t. Then, m ark the
following statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 __N on-sales s ta ff earn a salary th a t is not based on
co m m issio n s.
H ow ¡s a percentage co m m issio n
on a ca r sale ca lculated?
2
__The b usiness co m p e nsa te s sales s ta ff w lth fíat rate
co m m issio n s.
3
__The b usiness will no longer g ran t e n d -o f-y e a r bonuses.
V o cab u lary
0
M a tch th e w o rd s or phrases (1-7) w ith th e definitions
(A-G).
1 __pack
5
__stra ig h t co m m issio n
2 __m ini
6
__fíat sales co m m issio n
3
_
7 __percentage com m ission
4
__ base pay
OTE
A a paym ent m ethod in w hich som eone is only paid in com m issions
B a c o m m is s io n th a t is b ased on a p erce ntag e o f th e valúes o f
sales
Empioyee Manual
4/16
C a co m m issio n fo r selling a car at less than its invo ice co st
Pavment
W e pay em ployees biweekly, by check or
d ire ct d ep o sit. Paym ent to non-sales
sta ff w ill be based on the base pay o f
th e ir salary. Sales staff will be pald
based on com m issions. We believe th a t
co m m issio n s are a goo d w a y o f creating
incentives fo r salespeople.
W e w ill c o m p é n s a te sales s ta ff by
s tra ig h t c o m m issio n . T his m eans th a t
th e ir pay w ill be b ased e n tire ly on
c o m m is s io n s. T h ou g h w e used a fía t
sales com m ission system previously, w e
w ill n ow use a p e rc e n tag e com m ission.
Sales s ta ff m ay speak to th e ir m anagers
to d iscu ss OTE.
C o m m is s io n s w ill be c a lc u la te d as a
p e rc e n ta g e o f th e fro n t end o f sales.
T his is a v e h ic le ’s sales p rice m inus its
involee c o s t and its pack. W hen w e sell
vehicles below invoice, the sales person
w ill earn a m ini. This is a g ua ran te e d
com m issio n .
E xce p tio n a l e m p lo ye e s m ay receive a
bonus at th e end o f th e year.
D th e a m o u nt o f m oney som eone m akes w lth o u t add ltio n al
paym ents
E a co m m issio n th a t is n ot based on th e valúes o f sales
F p art o f a c a r’s sales price th a t co vers th e c a r’s overhead
G th e m oney a sales s ta ff m ake w hen th e y reach th e ir ta rge t sales
0
R ead the sen ten ce pairs. C hoose w hich w ord or phrase
best fits each blank.
1
bonus / com m ission
A The salesm an received a .
_fo r selling th e car.
B A t th e end o f th e year, th e m anager aw arded everyone a
incentive / fro n t end
A The salesm an received th irty percent o f th e .
on his sales.
B The c o m p a n y »jsed co m m issio n s as a(n) _
fo r hard w ork.
salary / percen tag e
A The m a n ’s
the new job .
. ¡ncreased w hen he started
B The salesm an's com m ission is based on a .
o f each sale.
0
Listen and read the em ployee m anual
excerpt again. W hat does the business
calcúlate its sales staff’s com m issions as?
Listening
0
S p eakin g
0 With a partner, act out the roles below
based on Task 7. Then, switch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
1 s o ld a ...
$ Listen to a conversation b e tw een a
m a n a g e r and a salesm an. C hoose the
co rre ct answ ers.
▼
The t o t a l... c o m e s to ...
M y p e rc e n ta g e w o u ld b e ...
1 W hat are th e speakers m ainly talking a bo u t?
A h o w the m an su cce ssfu lly sells cars
S tu d e n t A: You are a m anager. Talk to
S tu d en t B about:
B w h a t d eterm ine s a c a r’s sales price
C h ow a v e h icle ’s p ack is ca lculated
D w h a t the m an m ade in co m m issio n s
2
W hich o f the fo llo w in g can be inferred a b o u t the
m an?
A M ost o f th e cars he sells are sold b elo w th e ir
invoice price.
•
tw o sales th a t he or she m ade
•
th e co m m isslo n he or she m ade on a sale
•
w h y he or she received a m ini fo r th e o th e r
sale
S tu d e n t B: You are a salesm an. Talk to S tu d en t A
a b o u t th e co m m isslo n you m ade on tw o sales.
B He earns th irty p ercent o f th e fro n t end o f
cars he sells.
C He rarely sells m ore than one vehlcle a day.
D He usually earns less than $400 on th e car
sales he m akes.
0
0
Listen again and c o m p lete the
conversation.
Salesm an:
Sure. Is th is to 1 _______________
______ ?
M anager:
Salesm an:
U se th e em ployee m anual e x ce rp t and the
conversation from Task 8 to fill out the
sales com m ission form .
C
Yes, ¡t is. Anyway, you 2 _________________
________ today, right?
Yeah, th a t’s right. I sold an SUV and a
m inivan.
M anager:
L e t’s see. The SUV sold fo r $25,000. Its
invoice c o s í w as $21,000.
Salesm an:
S o o u r 3 __________________________ w as
$4,000?
M anager:
N ot quite. We have to 4 _________________
________ as w ell. So th e to ta l fro n t end
com e s to $ 3,500.
Salesm an: A nd 5 _________________ w o u ld be th irty
p ercent o f th a t, so I earned a
co m m issio n o f $1,050.
M anager: T h a t’s co rre ct. G ood job . The m inivan
sold fo r b elo w invoice though.
Salesm an:
W riting
Does th a t m ean th a t 16 _________________
?
Commission Form
Ñame:
Sales price of t
Total front i
1 4 Advertising
j|5 Q [g g jy |j
G e t ready!
0
B efore you read th e passage, ta lk
ab o u t th ese questions.
1 W hat are th e various w ays a car
d ealership can advertise a sale?
2
W hat can a d ealership use
to a ttra c t p eople to
a sale?
-jJ B u r.w iW M W
iS Ü S H ^ ls l
To: ‘Dealership employees
From: i sena@ceresmotorsnewcrest.com
Date: April 8
Subject: Upcoming advertisements
Helio everyone,
I just w anted to let you all know about our upcom ing advertising
efforts. We are currently developing an ad cam paign featuring
som e cool new com m ercials fo r various m edia. They should
appear during prim e tim e televisión and radio broadcasts. We
are also developing a m atching series o f a dvertisem ents fo r
local m agazines. We hope to capture quite a lot o f attention
w ith these ads.
In addition to the advertisem ents, w e will be running a num ber
of prom otions. We will have at least tw o sales per m onth from
now until October. These are going to be big events, w ith a lot
of on-site entertainm ent. These will have big contests and cool
give-aw ays. People will be able to win a brand new car. We will
even have balloons and an in flatable b o u n cy castle fo r the
kids. We will send flyers advertising o ur sales to previous
custom ers. We will also send them out in newspapers.
Let m e know if you have any questions or suggestions.
Thanks,
Ichiro Sena,
Branch M anager
V o cab u lary
0
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-8) w ith th e
definitions (A-H).
1 __m edia
m agazine
2
__o n -site
g ive -aw ay
3
__ balloon
co m m ercial
4
__inflatable
a dve rtisem e nt
every m eans o f m ass c o m m u n ica tio n to be
co nside re d as a group
á /J W U M .L l
R eading
0
Read th e em ail. Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 __The d ealership will b ro a d ca st com m e rcia ls
on te levisión and radio.
2
3
30
__The dealership is going to have one sale
each m onth until O ctober.
__The dealership plans to hand out flyers to
people on the Street.
ca pa b le o f being filled w ith air
a free p ro d u c t th a t co m p a nie s give o ut to m ake
p eople b uy p ro d u cís
a p rom o tion designed to sell a p ro d u c t to
p eo p le w tio see it
E a th - . regularly pub lish ed b o o k w ith ads and
articles
F o ccu rrin g or located at a given place
G a ru bb er bag th a t is filled w ith air and used as a
to y o r deco ratio n
H an ad th a t is b roa dca st on radio or televisión
O Fill in the blanks w ith the correct w ords or phrases below:
a tte n tio n , c a m p a ig n , c o n te s t, p ro m o tio n , sa le , te le v is ió n .
S p eakin g
0
1 The m an sa w th e co m m e rcia l w hile he w a s w a tch ing
0
2
The sales team decided to launch the new a d ___
at th e end o f April.
3
A custom er w on a new car as a prize ¡n a (n)_____
4
The co m m ercial a ttra cte d a lo t o f ______________
dealershlp.
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
We s h o u ld ...
T h at’s a g o o d idea.
.to the
That so unds like a plan.
5
We cu t the pnces of our cars fo r a (n)_________________ .o v e r
th e holiday.
6
Hopefully, w e w ill gain a lot o f a tte n tion w ith th is new
S tu d e n t A: You are an o w n e r of
a ca r dealership. Talk to
S tu d e n t B about:
0 Listen and read the em ail again. W h at will the
d e a lers h ip ’s sales have fo r kids?
Listening
0
W ith a partner, a c t out the
roles b elo w based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
0 Listen to a conversaron betw een an ow ner and a
m anager of a car dealership. Choose the correct
answ ers.
•
the d e a le rsh ip ’s advertising
efforts
•
how w ell d lfferent
adve rtisem e nts are doing
•
w a ys to a ttra c t m ore people
to th e dealershlp
S tu d e n t B: You are a m anager o f
a ca r dealership. Talk to
S tu d en t A a b o u t advertising.
1 W hat are th e speakers m ainly talking about?
A th e d eve lo p m en t o f a televisión co m m ercial
B how th e lr a dvertlsing e ffo rts are w o rkln g
2
C w h y som e radio co m m e rcla ls are effectlve
W riting
D new w a ys o f a dvertising th e ir dealershlp
0
W hich o f th e fo llo w ln g does th e m an w a n t to decrease
th e n um b er of?
A c o n te sts
B co m m e rcia ls
C sales
U se the em ail and the
conversation from Task 8 to fill
out the em ail to an ad ageney.
D flyers
To: cooper@easternvilleads.com
From:g_hammond@supercarseasternv¡lle.com
0
© Listen again and c o m p lete th e conversation.
M an ager:
O w ner:
M an ager:
W henever w e m ake a 1 ________ , w e ask our
cu sto m e rs w here th e y heard a b o u t us.
Oh, th a t’s clever. And w h a t d o th e y say?
Dear Mr. Cooper,
B ased on so m e re sp o nse s fro m
cu stom e rs, w e w o u ld like to change our
Well, m ost o f th e m hear or see o ur televisión and
advertising ca m p a ig n a bit.
O w ner: W hich parts o f o u r cam paign are not doing w ell?
M an ager:
O w ner:
M an ager:
Subject: New Ads
3 _________________ - those attract alm ost no custom ers.
We sh ould c u t b ack on those. I w o n d e r if having m ore
sales w o u ld get us 4 _________________ .
M aybe. I th in k w e sho J e give a ca r o r tw o aw ay
•
•
•
•
G e t ready!
O B efore you read th e passage, ta lk about
th es e questions.
•
1 W hat so rts o f a ctivitie s do ca r sa lespeople do
on a typ ica l day?
2
•
W hat so rts o f a ctivitie s usually o c c u r in a
d e a le rsh ip ’s Service fa cility?
•
R eading
©
Read th e m a n a g e r’s list of things to do.
Then, m ark the following statem ents as
true (T) or false (F).
1
•
Talk to th e sales s ta ff a b o u t h o w th e y sell
cars. D iscuss and b rainstorm p ossible
im p ro ve m e nts and new ideas.
R e p o rt sales s ta tis tic s to m a n u fa ctu re r
h e a d qu a rters. S p e c ify th e a m o u n t o f cars
w e retail p er m onth.
Talk to th e lo t p o rte r a b o u t maintenance o f
cars on th e lot. M ake sure the w ashers
wash and polish th e m frequently.
C o n d u c t m eeting w ith Service ce nter
d ep a rtm en t. Talk a b o u t w h a t th e y repair
m ost o fte n and h o w to im prove pricing.
Display th e new fle et o f vehicles th a t
arrived yesterday. R otate oíd ve hicles o ut
o f th e sh ow roo m and o n to th e lot.
Talk to fin an cln g o ffice a b o u t h o w th e y
perform c re d it approval. We need to
im prove th e tim e it ta ke s to approve or
deny credit.
Ensure th a t sales te a m issues tifies and
te m p o ra ry registrations correctly. We had
to o m any errors last m onth.
Greet new cu sto m e rs w henever I have a
free m om ent.
________ The m anager w ill ta lk to the sales sta ff a bo u t
co m m isslo n rates.
2
__The lot p orte r and th e m anager w ill d iscuss
w hich cars to display.
3
__The m anager w a n ts to Im prove th e speed o f
th e c re d it approval process.
©
Read th e sen ten ce pairs. C hoose w hich
w ord best fits each blank.
1 sell / polish
A The sales s ta ff received a new sh lp m en t o f
cars t o __________________ .
V ocabu lary
©
B The d e ta ile r’s jo b w as to
M atch th e w ords (1-5) w ith the definitions
(A-E).
1 __title
4 __ repair
2
__greet
5 __approve
3
__issue
A to politely w e lco m e s o m e b o d y to a place
B to officia lly a c c e p t som e th ing as sa tisfa cto ry
C a docum ent that proves ow nershlp o f som ething
D to fix som e th ing th a t ¡s dam aged o r broken
E to officia lly give som e th ing to so m eone else
32
th e ca r until it shined.
2 wash / deny
A The o ffice had t o __________________ the
m an c re d it because o f his history.
B The dealership had s o m e o n e ____________
and clean th e cars daily.
3 retail / display
A T ne m anager w a n te d t o __________________
a banner a dvertising the sale.
B The dealer could o n ly __________________the
cars, n ot sell them fo r resale.
0
S p eakin g
0 With a partner, act out the
$ Listen and read the m a n a g e r’s list of things to do
again. W h at will th e m a n a g e r do w h e n e v e r he or she
has free tim e?
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
Listening
0
Listen to a conversation b e tw e e n a m a n a g e r and an
assistant m an ag er of a c a r dealership. C hoose the
c o rre c t answ ers.
ü
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
▼
I n e e d y o u t o ...
First, y o u s h o u ld ...
Finally, w henever y o u c a n ,...
1 W h at are th e speakers m ainly ta lkin g about?
A w h a t various p e o p le ’s jo b s are at th e dealership
B how w ell th e w om an a cco m p lish e s tasks
C w hat a ctivitie s th e w om a n needs to do to d a y
D how th e d e a le rsh ip ’s a ctivitie s m ig h t change
2 W hy does th e w om a n need to ta lk to th e sales team ?
A to reorganize th e sh ow roo m
B to review co m m issio n figures
C to prevent errors in p ap e rw o rk
D to d iscu ss ca r a ppearances
0
í» Listen again and c o m p lete th e conversation.
M anager:
A ssistan t M anager:
M anager:
A ssistant M anager:
M anager:
A ssistan t M an ager:
M an ager:
A ssistant M an ager:
M an ager:
A ssistant M an ager:
First, I need you to reorganize th e
sh ow roo m . We have a new set o f
1 __________________________ .
O
All right. I'll ask so m e o ne to m ove th e current
set im m ediately.
Then, you sh ou ld ta lk to th e lo t porters
2 _______________ o f th e cars on th e lot.
Are w e having any p robtem s w ith th a t?
No. I ju s t need you to m ake su re th e y are
3 _________________________them .
That so un d s easy enough. W h a t e s e r
Last, I need you to talk to the sales te a "" a b o -t
filling out 4 ________________official paperw oric
W riting
0
Use the m anager’s list of things
to do and the conversation from
Task 8 to fill out the assistant
m anager’s schedule.
S ck e d u le
-
A u g tw t 12
W hat a b o u t it? Are there any problem s?
Well, a fe w cu sto m e rs co m p lain ed . Their
re g is tra ro n w as delayed 5 ________________
I d o n ’t w a n t it happening again.
Hm m . I’ll review th e registration 6 _
_________________ w ith them today.
Task:
Notes:
33
Glossary
■
3-point seat belt [N -C O U N T-U 9] A 3-point seat belt is a stra p th a t crosses th e w e a rer’s lap, as well as his o r her
chest.
ABS (anti-lock braking system) [N -U N C O U N T-9] ABS (anti-lock braking system) is a System th a t p rovide s b ette r
tra c tio n in s lip p e ry circu m sta nce s and a llo w s a d rive r to keep steering co ntro l o f a vehicle.
accountant [N -C O U N T-U 12] An accountant is a person w h o m aintains and insp ects the financial a cco u n ts o f a
person or business.
acquire [V-T-U10] To acquire som e th ing is to buy it o r obtain it ano th e r way.
advertisement [N -C O U N T-U 14] An advertisement is a p rom o tion th rou g h video, m agazines, or o th er m edia th a t is
design e d to sell a brand or p roduct.
approve [V-T-U15] To approve som e th ing is to o fficia lly a cce p t so m e th ing as satisfactory.
attention [N -U N C O U N T-U 14] Attention is interest or th o u g h t th a t a person gives to som ething.
automaker [N -C O U N T-U 10] An automaker is a co m p a n y th a t s p e cifica lly b uilds a utom o biles.
balloon [N -C O U N T-U 14] A balloon is an inflatable ru bb er sheath th a t is filled w ith air and sealed. B alloons are often
used as d e co ra tio n s or toys.
base pay [N -U N C O U N T-U 13] Base pay is th e basic a m o u nt o f m oney th a t an em ployee receives w ith o u t a dditional
paym e nts such as o vertim e or bonuses.
biodiesel [N -U N C O U N T-U 4] Biodiesel is a biod eg rad a ble , renew able fuel source th a t is m ade using vegetable oils,
anim al fat, o r grease from restaurants.
body shop [N-COUNT-U11] A body shop is a garage w here p eople repair th e b od ies o f vehicles.
bonus [N-COUNT-U13] A bonus is an a m o u n t o f m oney added to a w o rk e r’s salary, often as a reward fo r good
perform ance.
brake booster [N -C O U N T-U 7] A brake booster, o r a p o w e r booster, is a device in a p ow er brakes system th a t is used
to a m p lify fo rcé a pplied to th e p iston s and th e m aster cylinder, m aking it easier to s lo w th e vehicle dow n.
brake fluid [N -U N C O U N T-U 7] Brake fluid is th e fluid in a hydra ulic brake system th a t is used to sto p th e car.
brake line [N -C O U N T-U 7] A brake line is a p ip e or hose in a hydra ulic brake system th a t co n n e cts th e m aster cylin de r
to a brake. The brake line is w here th e brake flu id flo w s through.
brake pad [N -C O U N T-U 7] A brake pad is a thin b lo c k th a t is used to a pp ly fric tio n to a brake d isc in o rde r to s lo w a
ve hicle dow n.
brake shoe [N -C O U N T-U 7] A brake shoe is a long, curved piece o f m etal th a t is fo rce d aga inst th e brake drum to
s lo w or sto p a vehicle.
brake system [N -C O U N T-U 7] A brake system is th e co m b in a tio n o f intera cting parts th a t s lo w a vehicle dow n.
brand [N -C O U N T-U 10] A brand is a p ro d u c t o r grou p o f p ro d u cís th a t a sp e c ific co m p a n y m akes.
caliper [N -C O U N T-U 7] A caliper is a device on a d isc brake th a t h olds th e brake pads. A ca lipe r uses h ydraulic fo rcé
to squeeze th e pads a ga inst th e d isc to slow d ow n th e car.
campaign [N -C O U N T-U 14] A campaign is a sequence o f a ctivitie s designed to increase aw areness o f a p roduct.
charge [V-T-U5] To charge a b a tte ry is to fill it w ith energy by passing an e le ctric cu rre n t th rou g h it.
charging dock [N -CO U NT-U 6] A charging dock is a device th a t e le ctric cars can c o n n e ct to in o rder to recharge th e ir
batteries.
charging port [N -C O U N T-U 6] A charging port is a so c ke t w here an e le ctric ca r can be co n n e cte d to a p o w e r source,
charging station [N -C O U N T-U 6] A charging station is a place th a t su pp lie s e le c tric ity fo r recharging e le ctric cars.
clean diesel [N -U N C O U N T-U 3] Clean diesel is a m ore refined fo rm o f diesel th a t emits fe w e r p o llu ta n ts than regular
diesel.
collision [N -CO U NT-U 9] A collision is w hen tw o th in g s run into each other.
combustión chamber [N -CO U NT-U 3] A combustión chamber is a place w ith in an engine w here fuel is com p re sse d
and ignited.
34
co m m ercial [N -C O U N T-U 14] A co m m e rc ia l is an adve rtisem e nt on radio or televisión.
com m ission [N -C O U N T-U 13] A com m ission is an a m o u nt o f m oney th a t a person receives fo r selling so m e th ing at
his o r her job.
c o m p are [V-T-U4] To c o m p are tw o o r m ore th in g s is to evalúate th e m in o rde r to fin d o ut h ow th e y are th e sam e and
how th e y are different.
com p ressio n ratio [N -C O U N T-U 3] A com p ressio n ratio is th e ratio o f a c o m b u stió n c h a m b e r’s largest and sm allest
vo lu m e as m easured by th e p istón in th e low est and highest positions.
com p ressio n stro ke [N -C O U N T-U 2] A com p ressio n stro ke is th e stage in th e fo u r-s tro k e cycle in w h ich a pistón
m oves to th e to p o f the c y lin d e r to co m p re ss th e m ixture o f fuel and air.
connecting rod [N -C O U N T -U 1] A connecting rod is a rod th a t c o n n e cts th e p istón to th e crankshaft.
c o n te st [N -C O U N T-U 14] A c o n te s t is an event in w h ich p eople c o m p e te to w in som ething.
continuously variable transm issio n [N-COUNT-U5] A continuously variable transm issio n is a tra nsm issio n System
th a t lacks a fixe d gear and can change into an infinite n um ber o f gear ratios.
control arm [N-COUNT-U8] The control arm is a m etal rod th a t c o n n e cts th e w heels and tu rn s them .
controlling stake [N-COUNT-1110] A controlling stak e is o w n ersh ip o f th e m ajo rity o f the shares o f a com pany. A
person or grou p th a t has th e co ntro llin g stake o f a co m p a n y can m ake m any d ecisio n s a b o u t th a t com pany.
c ra n k ca s e [N -C O U N T-U 1] A c ra n k ca s e is th e b o tto m p art o f th e engine su rrounding th e crankshaft.
c ra n k sh aft [N -C O U N T-U 1] A c ran ksh aft is th e m ain sh aft in th e engine th a t is m oved by th e co n n e ctin g rods.
crum ple zone [N-COUNT-U9] A crum ple zone is an area o f a ca r th a t is designed to co llap se in a sp e cific w a y to
a bso rb th e energy o f a collision.
curtain airbag [N -C O U N T-U 9] A c u rta in a irb a g is an inflatable safety device th a t inflates fro m th e to p rails o f a ca r
door. They are designed to p rovide a cushion betw een a passenger and th e ca r w indow .
cylinder [N -C O U N T -U 1] A c y lin d e r is a round hole in th e engine b lo c k th a t co ntains a pistón,
cylinder head [N -C O U N T-U 2] A c y lin d e r h e a d is th e part o f a fo u r-s tro k e engine th a t houses th e valves and often
co ntains passages fo r tra nsferring e xcess heat aw ay from th e engine.
dealership [N -C O U N T-U 11] A d e a le rs h ip is a co m p a n y th a t sells a s p e cific c o m p a n y ’s p rod ucts.
deny [V-T-U15] To d e n y so m e th ing is to refuse to give so m e th ing to som eone.
d e taile r [N -C O U N T-U 12] A d e ta ile r is a person w h o cleans th e inside and o utsid e o f a ca r very thoroughly.
diesel [N -U N C O U N T-U 3] Diesel is a liquid fuel m ade from petroleum th a t is heavier, cheaper, and less refined than
gasoline.
disc b rake [N-COUNT-U7] A disc b rake is a ty p e of brake th a t uses fric tio n betw een brake p ad s and brake dises, or
rotors, to s to p th e car.
display [V-T-U15] To display so m e th ing is to p ut it in a place w here p eople w ill see it.
D R L (daytim e running light) [N -C O U N T-U 9] A D R L (daytim e ru n n in g lig h t s a light th a t tu rn s on w h e n e v e rth e ca r it
is a tta ch ed to is m oving. It is design e d to im prove th e likelihood th a t the c a r w ill be seen during th e day.
drum b rake [N -CO U NT-U 7] A drum b rake is a ty p e o f brake th a t uses h . z ' s l o pressure to fo rcé brake shoes against
th e inside o f th e drum a tta ch e d to a wheel.
d u a l-s tag e airbag [N -C O U N T-U 9] A d u a l-s ta g e a irb a g is an inflatable safety device th a t can Ínflate to one o f tw o
levels d ep e nd ing on the severity o f a collision.
durable [AD J-U 3] If so m e th ing is durable, it is can w ith sta n d a lo t o f _se ano stress.
EBD (electronic b rake distribution) [N -U N C O U N T-9] EBD (e le c tro ^ : c 'a k e d is trib u tio n ) is a System th a t vahes the
a m o u nt o f fo rcé applied to each brake, in o rder to a d a p t to c e rta " s r-a tio n s .
e le ctric c a r [N -C O U N T-U 6] An e le c tric c a r is an a utom o bile th a t is po.'.e'e-d oy electricity.
e le ctric m oto r [N -C O U N T-U 6] An e le c tric m o to r is a device th a t c "a "g e s e e c tr cal energy into m echanical energy
th a t is used to m ove a car.
35
Glossary
e le ctric ity [N -U N C O U N T-U 5] Electricity is a fo rm o f energy based on th e tra nsfer o f electrons.
em ission [N-COUNT-U4] An em ission is a su bsta n ce th a t is released into the open by so m ething.
energy [N-U NCO UN T-U5] Energy is p o w e r th a t is gathered from physical or Chem ical resources.
engin e block [N -C O U N T-U 1] An engin e b lo ck is th e m ain part o f th e engine to w h ich o th e r parts are attached.
environm ental im p a ct [N -C O U N T-U 4] An enviro nm ental im p a ct is a positive or negative e ffe ct th a t som e th ing has
on th e e nvironm ent around it.
exh au st [N -U N C O U N T -U 2] E xhaust is th e gas th a t is given o ff w hen fuel is burned.
e x h a u s t s tro k e [N -C O U N T-U 2] An e x h a u s t s tro k e is th e stage in th e fo u r-stro ke cycle in w h ich th e p istón returns to
th e to p o f th e cylin de r to fo rcé the m ixture o f fuel and air o ut th rou g h th e open exha u st valve.
exhaust valve [N -C O U N T-U 2] An exh au st valve is th e part o f a fo u r-stro ke engine w here th e s p e n t m ixture o f fuel and
air is released fro m th e cylinder.
fin an cial o ffic e r [N-CO UNT-U12] A financial o fficer is a person w h o Controls h ow fu n d s are d is trib u te d and sp en t at a
business.
financing office [N -C O U N T-U 11] A financing office is a p art o f a ca r d ealership w here m oney is loaned to p eople so
th a t th e y can buy cars.
fía t sales com m ission [N -C O U N T-U 13] A fía t sales com m ission is a fo rm o f co m m issio n in w h ich a salesperson
receives a set a m o u nt fo r each sale he o r she m akes, regardless o f th e valué o f th e p rod uct.
flyer [N -C O U N T-U 14] A flyer is an a dve rtisem e nt th a t is printed on pap e r and given or sent to people.
fossil fuel [N -C O U N T-U 4] A fossil fuel is a fuel, such as natural gas, coal, or oil, th a t is created th rou g h natural
p rocesses over m illions o f years.
fo u r-s tro k e engine [N -CO U NT-U 2] A fo u r-s tro k e e n g in e is a ty p e o f engine co m m o n ly used in cars, a ircra ft and o th er
m achinery. It cycle s th rou g h fo u r stages, or strokes, called intake, co m p re ssio n, p ow er and exhaust.
fro nt end [N -C O U N T-U 13] A fro n t end is part o f a sale equal to th e difference betw een th e sales price o f a c a r and th e
c a r’s invoice c o s t plus its overhead costs.
fuel [N -U N C O U N T-U 1] Fuel is a grou p o f su bsta n ces th a t p rod uce s heat or p o w e r w hen it is burned.
fuel cell [N -C O U N T-U 4] A fuel cell is a device th a t uses oxygen to co n ve rt energy from Chem ical fuels into electrical
energy.
fuel efficien cy [N -U N C O U N T-U 4] Fuel efficien cy is a ratio co m p a rin g th e a m o u nt o f useful w o rk th a t can be o btained
from burning fuel to th e a m o u n t o f fuel th a t is burnt. In ve hicles th is is often m easured by th e d istan ce th e vehicle
can travel on a certain a m o u n t o f fuel.
fuel injection pum p [N -C O U N T-U 3] A fuel injection pum p is a device th a t to rces fuel into th e c o m b u stió n cham ber.
gas m ile ag e [N -U N C O U N T-U 4] G as m ileag e is m easurem ent o f a v e h ic le ’s fuel efficiency. It co m p a res how m any
m iles th e vehicle can travel per gallón o f gas.
gasoline [N -U N C O U N T-U 3] G asoline is a liquid fuel m ade from petroleum th a t is used in m ost cars.
g e n e ra to r [N -C O U N T-U 5] A g e n e ra to r is a m achine th a t co nve rts a d iffe re n t ty p e o f energy into electricity.
g ive -aw ay [N -C O U N T-U 14] A g ive -aw ay is a free p ro d u c t th a t co m p a n ie s give o u t to persuade people to buy th e ir
p rod ucís.
global w arm in g [N -C O U N T-U 4] G lobal w a rm in g is a gradual increase in the te m pe ra tu re o f th e E arth’s atm osphere,
generally caused by the presence o f certain gases in th e atm osphere.
glov plug [N -C O U N T-U 3] A glow plug is a device in som e diesel engines th a t heats the air in th e co m b u stió n
ch a m b e r w hen th e engine is coid.
g reet [V-T-U15] To g ree t som e o ne is to w e lco m e him or her.
group [N -C O U N T-U 10] A group is an organization c o n sistin g o f several c o m p a r es th a t are all ow ned by th e sam e
person o r com pany.
head [N -C O U N T -U 1] A head is a part a tta ch e d to th e to p o f th e engine th a t co vers th e to p s o f th e cylinders, h olds the
sp ark plugs, and often c o n ta in s valves.
36
head g a sk e t [N -C 0U N T -U 2] A head g a sk e t is a ring th a t seáis th e c y lin d e r head to m aintain th e prop er pressure
inside th e c y lin d e r and prevent su bsta n ces from leaking ¡n or out.
h eat up [V-T-U3] To h e at so m e th lng up is to m ake it g et hotter.
hold [V-T-U10] To hold som e th lng is to have it.
hybrid [N -C O U N T-U 5] A hybrid is a vehicle th a t has both an ele ctric m o to r and a gasoline or diesel engine.
hydraulic b rake [N -C O U N T-U 7] A hydraulic b rake is a brake th a t uses brake fluid to tra n s m it fo rcé or p o w e r to the
brake pads.
ignite [V-T-U12] To ignite som e th ing is to cause it to burn or catch fire.
incentive [N -C O U N T-U 13] An incentive is som e th ing , such as m oney, w h ich m otiva te s so m e o ne to do som ething.
in flatab le [A D J-U 14] If som e th ing is inflatable, it can be filled w ith air.
inner tie rod [N -CO U NT-U 8] An inner tie rod is a fle xib le p iv o t th a t co n n e cts an o u te r tie rod and a steering
m echanism .
in take s tro ke [N -C O U N T-U 2] An in take s tro ke is th e stage in the fo u r-stro ke cycle in w h ich a p istón m oves to the
b o tto m o f th e c y lin d e r and m akes room fo r fuel and air to enter th e cylinder. Fuel and air are fo rce d in th rou g h th e
intake valve.
in take valve [N -C O U N T-U 2] An in take valve is the p arí o f a fo u r-stro ke engine w here fuel and air enter th e cylin de r
before being co m pressed.
issue ¡V-T-U15] To issue so m e th ing is to o fficia lly give it to som eone.
jo in t ventu re [N -C O U N T-U 10] A jo in t ventu re is an agreem ent betw een tw o co m p a nie s to w o rk to g e th e r fo r a lim ited
a m o u n t o f tim e.
LATCH (Low er A n cho r Tethers fo r C hildren) [N -U N C O U N T-U 9] LATCH (Low er A n cho r Tethers fo r C hildren) is a
sta n da rdize d set o f a tta ch m e n t p oin ts fo r ch ild safety seats. th e y are an a ltern ative to using seat belt to attach th e
seats.
lithium ion b attery [N -CO U NT-U 5] A lithium ion b attery is a ty p e o f rechargeable e lectrical storage device used in
m any hybrids.
lo b b y [N -C O U N T-U 11] A lo b b y is a room at th e e ntrance to a large building th a t leads to o th e r areas o f th e building.
lo t [N -C O U N T-U 11] A lo t is th e area w here cars th a t are fo r sale are k e p t at a ca r dealership.
lot p o rter [N -C O U N T-U 12] A lo t p o rte r is a person w h o m aintains and m oves th e vehicles fo r sale at a car dealership.
m ag azin e [N -C O U N T-U 14] A m a g a z in e is a th in b oo k th a t is p ublished regularly and usually has ads and articles.
m ain ten an ce [N -U N C O U N T-U 15] M a in te n a n c e is w o rk th a t p eople d o to so m e th ing to keep it w o rkin g and in good
co nd itio n .
m an a g e r [N -C O U N T-U 12] A m a n a g e r is a person at a business w h o organizes th e business and th e w o rk th a t the
o th e r e m ployees do.
m an u fa c tu re r [N -C O U N T-U 10] A m an u fa c tu ra r is a co m p a n y th a t creates g o o d s to sell them .
m as ter cylinder [N -CO U NT-U 7] A m as ter cylinder is th e co n ta in e r th a t stores th e brake fluid in a hydraulic brake
system . The m aster c ylin d e r hydra ulically to rce s brake fluid th rou g h brake lines w hen th e brake pedal is ste p pe d
on.
m ech an ic [N -C O U N T-U 12] A m ech an ic is a person w h o m aintains and repairs m achinery, such as cars.
m echanic shop [N -C O U N T-U 11] A m echanic shop is a p lace w here p eople repair cars.
m edia [N -U N C O U N T-U 14] The m edia is every m eans o f m ass co m m u n ica tio n co nside re d as a group. Each individual
m etho d is kn ow n as a m édium .
m erg e r [N -C O U N T-U 10] A m e rg e r is a p roce ss th a t involves co m b in in g tw o co m p a nie s into a larger one.
m iles per c h arg e [N -U N C O U N T-U 6] M iles p e r c h a rg e is a m easurem ent o f th e n u r~ b e r o f m iles an e le ctric ca r can
travel w hen its b atte ry is at full electrical power.
mini [N -C O U N T-U 13] A mini is an a m o u nt o f m oney th a t a salesperson is guaranteed to g et in a situ atio n in w hich a
ca r is sold fo r less than its invoice cost.
37
Glossary
MPG (miles per gallón) [N -U N C O U N T-U 4] MPG (miles per gallón) is a m easurem ent o f gas m ileage d escribin g how
m any m iles a ve hicle can travel per gallón o f gas.
onboard charger [N -C O U N T-U 6] An onboard charger ¡s a devlce b u llí ¡nto an e le ctrlc car th a t su pp lie s e le ctrlcity to
th e b atte ry to fill it w lth power.
on-slte [A D J-U 14] If som e th lng ¡s on-site, it takes place or ¡s located at a glven place.
OTE (On-Target Earnings) [N -U N C O U N T-U 13] OTE (On-Target Earnings) is th e a m o u nt o f m oney th a t a salesperson
w lll recelve ¡f he or she reaches his or her ta rge t n um b er o f sales,
outer tie rod [N -C O U N T-U 8] An outer tie rod is a fle xib le p lvo t th a t co n n e cts a steerlng m ech a n ism ’s co ntro l arm to
th e rest o f th e m echanlsm .
pack [N-COUNT-U13] A pack is a p ortio n o f a c a r’s sales pnce th a t co vers the overhead co s ts o f th e car, such as its
m alntenance.
parallel hybrid [N -C O U N T -U 5] A parallel hybrid is a ty p e o f hybrld vehicle ¡n w h lch th e gasollne englne and ele ctrlc
m o to r can be used at th e sam e tim e or separately to p o w e r th e vehicle.
parent company [N -C O U N T-U 10] A parent company is a co m p a n y th a t h olds th e contro llin g stake o f another
com pany.
parking brake [N -C O U N T-U 7] A parking brake, o r e m ergency brake, is a sepárate brake System th a t is used as a
b a cku p brake system in case th e regular brakes fail, and keeps th e vehicle from m oving accldentally.
parts desk [N -C O U N T-U 11] A parts desk is a p art o f a ca r d ealership w here Individual car p arts are sold.
percentage [N -C O U N T-U 13] A percentage is an a m o u nt o f so m e th lng equal to a s p e clflc fra ctio n o f th e w hole.
percentage commission [N -C O U N T-U 13] A percentage commission ¡s a fo rm o f co m m isslo n ¡n w h ich a salesperson
recelves a p ercentage o f th e valué o f each p ro d u c t he or she sells.
photovoltaic [AD J-U 6] If a device is photovoltaic, it is able to p rod uce e le c trlc ity w hen expo sed to sources o f light
such as the sun.
pinlon [N-COUNT-U8] The pinion Is th e round gear w ith teeth th a t fit into th e ra ck part o f th e rack and plnlon steerlng
system .
pistón [N -C O U N T -U 1] A pistón Is a cylin drlcal plug th a t m oves up and d ow n in th e cylin de r during co m b u stión ,
pistón ring [N -C O U N T -U 1] A pistón ring is a m etal ring th a t filis th e sp ace betw een a p istón and the c ylin d e r wall.
plug-in hybrid [N -U N C O U N T-U 5] A plug-in hybrid ¡s a ty p e o f h ybrid vehicle th a t can be p lugged ¡nto an electrlcal
s o c ke t to charge ¡ts b atte ry and has ¡ncreased electrical sto rag e capacity.
polish [V-T-U15] To polish so m e th lng is to rub ¡ts su rface untll ¡t shines.
power brakes [N -U N C O U N T-U 7] A p o w e r b ra k e s system is a brake system th a t uses a brake booster, or p ow er
booster, to increase p ow er and m ake braklng easler.
power steering [N -C O U N T-U 8] Power steering ¡s a system w here th e engine p rovide s p o w e r to help th e d rive r turn
th e steering w heel.
power steering pump [N -C O U N T-U 8] The p o w e r s te e rin g pump is a devlce th a t m oves steerlng fluid to a pply
pressure to th e steering system .
power stroke [N -C O U N T-U 2] A p o w e r s tro k e Is th e stage in th e fo u r-stro ke cycle ¡n w h ich heat ignites the
co m p re sse d m ixture o f fuel and air. causing tre m en d ou s pressure th a t to rces th e p istón to th e b o tto m o f the
cylinder. Thls stage ¡s th e prim ary source o f a m a c h in e s power.
precombustion chamber [N -C O U N T-U 3] A p re c o m b u s tio n c h a m b e r is a sm all co ntaine d space w here fuel is ignited
before entering th e m ain c o m b u stió n cham ber.
pressure [N-UNCOUNT-U2] Pressure is th e fo rcé th a t s caused by so m e th ing pushing against som e th ing else.
promotion [N-COUNT-U14] A promotion is an a d v e rtis e m e r: th a t ~ a k e s p eople pay a ttention to som ething and
increase its popularity.
rack [N -CO U NT-U 8] The rack is th e gear in ra ck and pinion steering th a t th e pinion gear w o rk s w ith to turn th e w heels.
radio broadcast [N-COUNT-U14] A radio broadcast is a program th a t is b ro a d ca st via a radio signal.
range [N -C O U N T-U 6] A range is th e estim a te d d istan ce an e le ctric car can travel on one c o m p le te b atte ry charge.
38
ratio [N -C O U N T-U 4] A ratio ¡s th e relationship betw een th e a m o u nts o f tw o d iffe re n t things.
recep tio n ist [N -C O U N T-U 12] A recep tio n ist ¡s a person at an o ffice w h o answ ers phones, greets visitors, and deais
w ith clients.
reclaim [V-T-U5] To reclaim so m e th ing ¡s to g et it b ack a fte r ¡t has been lost, so th a t it can be reused.
recognition [N -U N C O U N T-U 10] R ecognition is the a b ility to ide n tlfy som ething based on previous experience or
know ledge.
refreshm en t [N -C O U N T-U 11] A refreshm en t is som e th ing sm all to eat or d rin k th a t is p rovided at a p u b lic place,
reg en erative braking system [N -CO U NT-U 5] A reg en erative braking system Is a breaking System th a t recovers
energy generated d uring breaking and stores ¡t fo r use in th e ele ctric m otor,
registration [N -C O U N T-U 15] A registration is an official d o c u m e n t th a t provides detalls a b o u t a vehicle and its owner.
repair [V-T-U15] To repair so m e th ing is to fix it w hen it is dam aged or broken.
retail [V-T-U15] To retail a p ro d u c t is to sell it to som eone w ho w ill use it rather than resell it.
ro ía te [V -T/I-U8] To ro ía te ¡s to tu rn around a ce n te r p o in t or axis,
run on [V-T-U3] To run on a source o f fuel is to be p ow ered by it.
salary [N -C O U N T-U 13] A salary is th e a m o u n t o f m oney th a t a person m akes every m onth or year fo r w o rkin g at a job.
sale [N -C O U N T-U 14] A sale ¡s a period o f tim e during w h lch a store reduces th e pnce o f its p roducts.
sales s taff [N -C O U N T-U 12] A sales staff is a co llectio n o f all th e p eo p le at a business w h o are re sponsible fo r selling
p roducts.
salesm an [N -C O U N T-U 12] A s a le s m a n is a person at a business w h o ¡s re sponsible fo r selling p roducts.
sell [V-T-U15] To s e ll a p ro d u c t is to persuade som eone to buy it.
Service facility [N -C O U N T-U 11] A Service fa c ility is a place w here a vehicle or o th e r m achine can be exam ined and
repalred.
share [N -C O U N T-U 10] A share is one o f m any equal parts o f a co m p a n y th a t a person or g rou p can buy to invest
m oney in th e com pany.
show room [N -C O U N T-U 11] A show room is a large room w here cars or o th er large p ro d u c ts th a t are fo r sale are
displayed.
side to rso airbag [N -C O U N T-U 9] A side to rso airbag ¡s an inflatable safety device th a t ¡nflates from a ca r seat. It ¡s
deslgned to p rovide a cushlon betw een a passenger and a ca r door.
solar panel [N -C O U N T-U 6] A solar panel is a device th a t co nve rts su nlig h t into electrical energy.
s p ark plug [N -C O U N T -U 1] A s p ark plug is a device th a t uses e le c tric lty to create a spark to ignite th e fuel.
spindle [N -C O U N T-U 8] The spindle is th e m etal part o f a steering system on w h ich th e hub and wheel bearings are
m ounted.
SRS (supplem ental restraint system ) [N -C O U N T-U 9] SR S (supplem ental restrain t system ) is a restram t system in a
ve hicle th a t is used ¡n co m b in a tio n w ith ano th e r one. For instance, m ost cars have alrbags to s u p p le m e n t seat
belts.
s ta k e [N -C O U N T-U 10] A s ta k e is a part o f a business th a t s o m e b o d y ow n s because he or she ¡nvested n it.
s te e rin g s h a ft [N -C O U N T-U 8] The s te e rin g s h a ft is a piece o f m etal th a t co n n e cts the steer ng b ox :o :ne steering
colum n.
steering system [N -CO U NT-U 8] The steering system is th e c o lle ctio n o f d evices used to g_ ce m e m ove m en t o f a
car.
sto ck ro o m [N -C O U N T-U 11] A s to c k ro o m ¡s a place w here g o o d s and p ro d u c ts fo r s a e are scored.
straig h t com m ission [N -U N C O U N T-U 13] S traig h t com m ission is a m ethod o f c o r-c -m s a : o r n w h ich an em ployee
receives co m p e n sa tio n in th e fo rm o f co m m isslo n s alone.
subsidiary [N -C O U N T-U 10] A subsidiary Is a co m p a n y th a t is c o m p le te ly c o r r o ec z . another co m p a n y th a t h olds it.
sum p [N -C O U N T -U 1] A sum p is a reservoir th a t stores oil in th e engine.
39
Glossary
tail pipe em issions [N -C O U N T-U 6] Tail pipe em issions are gases th a t are p rod uce d by a gaso lin e- o r d ie sel-p ow ere d
engine. The tail pipe is a tu b e in a car th a t carries th e em issions aw ay from th e engine.
televisión [N -U N C O U N T-U 14] Televisión is a System th a t tra n sm its m oving im ages and sound to d evices ca pa b le o f
receiving them . It is p rim a rily used to b ro a d ca st entertaining, e du cational, or inform ative program s.
te th e r a n ch o r [N -C O U N T-U 9] A te th e r an ch o r is a place w here a te th e r in a LATCH system can secure to tightly.
title [N -C O U N T-U 15] A title is an official d o c u m e n t th a t proves th a t s o m e b o d y o w n s so m ething, such as a car.
title c le rk [N -C O U N T-U 12] A title clerk is a person w h o w rite s and oversees c o n tra c ts th a t tra n sfe r p rop erty from one
person o r grou p to another.
tw o -m o d e hybrid [N -C O U N T-U 5] A tw o -m o d e hybrid is a ty p e o f h ybrid th a t o pe rates like a full hybrid at low speeds,
w ith ind e pe n de nt prop ulsión system s, and uses both system s to g e th e r at higher speeds.
valve [N -C O U N T -U 1] A valve is a device th a t Controls th e flo w o f a flu id by o penlng and closing.
w a rra n ty a d m in is tra to r [N -C O U N T-U 12] A w a rra n ty a d m in is tra to r is a person at a business w h o w o rks w ith
w a rran tie s offered b y the business.
w ash [V-T-U15] To w ash som e th ing ¡s to clean it w ith soap and water,
w a s h er [N -C O U N T-U 12] A w a s h er is a person w ho w ashes th ing s, such as cars, fo r a living.
w e lls -to -w h e e ls [A D J-U 4] If som e th ing is w e lls -to -w h e e ls , its environm ental im p a ct has been analyzed from the
beginning o f its life cycle (the fuel e xtractio n process) to th e end (when ¡t is tra n sp o rte d to a gas station).
40
B ook
D aniel B a x te r
V irgin a E vans
J e n n y D o o le y
Express Publishing
S c o p e and S e q u e n ce
Reading
context
Unit
Topic
1
A u to m o tive
Design
W ebpage
CAD, C lass A surface, clay m odeling, c o lo r and trim design,
c o n c e p t ske tch, design, e xte rio r design, g rap hic design,
interior design, p ow ertra in m odeling, p roto typ e , scale m odel
2
M an u fa ctu rin g 1
M agazine
article
a ssem bly line, im plem ent, inventory, ju s t-in -tim e p rod uctio n , M aking
lean m anufacturing, lim ited, m anufacturing, o utpu t, overhead, a su ggestion
p rod u ctio n , raw m aterials, reduce, stream line, w a ste
3
M anufacturing 2
M em o
analyze, apply, assess, b en chm arking, best practice,
com pare, c o m p e titive b enchm ark, fu n ctio n a l benchm ark,
internal b enchm ark, m easure
A sking fo r
an exam ple
4
A u to m a tio n
J o b ad
actuator, assem bly, a utom a tion , co ntro l unit, degree o f
freedom , end-effector, flo w line, hydraulic, m anipulator,
oscilla tio n, payload, p neum atic, precisión, robot, w o rk
envelope
D escribing
a d aily routine
5
A u to
T ransport
Email
a uto rack, a u to tra n s p o rt, b i-leve l, c o n ta in e r ship, e nclose d D iscussing
tráiler, open tráiler, overseas, rail, rolling highway, sem i-trailer, progress
tractor-trailer, tri-le vel
6
D ístribution
G uide
carrier, CIP, CPT, DAT, DAP, DDP, d istrib u tio n , EXW, FCA,
incoterm s, insurance, loading cost, responsibility, sh ip pin g
M aking
an assum p tion
7
Pricing
A dvice
co lum n
approval, cost, d estin atio n charge, d isco u n t, hold ba ck,
invoice price, m ark up, m arket adju stm en t, MSRP, optio n s,
pricing, profit, rebate, s tic k e r price
A sking fo r an
explanation
8
A cco u n tin g
M em o
b alance sheet, assets, intan g ib le assets, fixe d assets,
C o nfirm ing
a cco u n ts receivable, p ro p e rty and e qu ipm e nt, liabilities,
inform ation
equity, a c c o u n ts payable, P&L report, revenue, c o s t o f sales,
g ross profit, net profit
9
Sales 1
A d vice
colu m n
appearance, a p p o in tm e n t, co m fo rt, c o n ta c t, effective, first
im pression, generate, influence, inquire, lead, needs,
n etw o rkin g, p itch, sales
A sking fo r
a fa vo r
10
Sales 2
Email
business card, c h e c k on, c o n ta c t inform a tio n , estím ate,
fo llo w up on, g et in to u ch, hear b ack from , previously,
progress, referral, slip away, update
Introducing
y o u rse lf on
th e phone
11
Sales 3
C o m m en t
board
approval, ca pita lize on, ch eck, cióse, deal, hand over, keys,
resistance, seal, signature, te s t drive, title
A sking fo r
advice
12
N egotiating
Em ployee
m anual
anticípate, b ack d ow n, bargain, calm , co m prom ise,
co nfro n ta tion , inelude, loss, n on -ne g otia b le , offer, pressure,
tra d e -o ff, w a lk aw ay from ,
A sking fo r
help
13
Financing 1
Póster
apply, cash, checking account, credit history, credit rating,
credit report, dow n paym ent, financing, interest. loan, term s
D escribing
a process
14
Financing 2
A pproval
letter
approval, APR, com pound, early paym ent penalty, finance
charge, late fee, m onthly, paym ent, principie, term
C larifying
inform ation
15
U sed Car
Sales
Ad
a ccid en t, assess, co n d itio n , dam age, dent, excellent, good,
history, poor, p re-o w n ed , resale valué, th ird -p arty, tra de -in,
used car, valué
G iving
praise
Vocabulary
Function
G iving
bad new s
U n it 1 - A u to m o tiv e D e s ig n ............................................................................................................. 4
U n it 2 - M a n u fa c tu r in g 1 .................................................................................................................... 6
U n it 3 - M a n u fa c tu r in g 2 .................................................................................................................... 8
U n it 4 - A u t o m a t i o n ............................................................................................................................. 10
U n it 5 - A u to T r a n s p o r t ...................................................................................................................... 12
U n it 6 - D is t r ib u t io n ............................................................................................................................. 14
U n it 7 - P r i c i n g ........................................................................................................................................ 16
U n it 8 - A c c o u n tin g ............................................................................................................................. 18
U n it 9 - S a le s 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 20
U n it 1 0 - S a l e s 2 .................................................................................................................................... 22
U n it 11 - S a le s 3 ....................................................................................................................................24
U n it 1 2 - N e g o t ia t in g ...........................................................................................................................26
U n it 1 3 - F in a n c in g 1 ...........................................................................................................................28
U n it 1 4 - F in a n c in g 2 ...........................................................................................................................30
U n it 15 - U s e d C a r S a l e s ..................................................................................................................32
G lo s s a ry .................................................................................................................................................... 34
♦
HOME
SERVICES
1 CONTACT
G et ready!
e xterio r design
O B efore you read the passage,
ta lk about th es e questions.
1 W hat are som e d ifferent elem ents
o f a c a r’s design?
2 W hat ¡s th e p urp ose o f
/
/
a utom o tive design?
—
At Masón, our artists have crafted the m ost Progressive car designs
for tw o decades. Our design process is sim ple but elegant.
We start with a sim ple concept sketch. A sketch helps us plan
an overall visión for the project and gives us direction fo r the
exterior design. At the same time, another team of designers
begins w ork on the interior design. They craft the inside
envlronm ent o f the car to m atch the appearance o f the
outslde. Another key part of the process is the color and trim
design. There are often several color schem es fo r each
design. Finally, the graphic design team crafts the logo,
badges, and other text-drlven graphlcs.
Then, it’s tim e to see the design in real space. A fter
extensive research and discussions, we move on to clay
modeling. Our artists use CAD program s to design the
shape and contour of a car with class A surfaces. At
thls polnt, we also create a scale model of the car.
After another team com pletes the pow ertrain
m odeling, we are ready fo r the prototype. This is
handled by an outside firm . Once the car passes a
series o f tests, it is ready fo r market.
V o cab u lary
R eading
0
R ead the w e b p a g e . Then, choose the
co rre ct answ ers.
0
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-10) w ith the
definitions (A-J).
1
c o n c e p t sketch
6 __p roto typ e
2
class A surface
7 _ CAD
pow ertrain m odeling
8 __graphic design
A to co m p a re design styles
clay m odeling
9 __e xte rio r
B to explain th e process o f d esigning a car
interior design
C to c o n vin ce th e reader to hire th e design
team
A c o m p u te r-a id e d design
1 W hat is th e p urp ose o f th e w e bsite?
D to adve rtise the cars design e d by th e team
2 H ow d oe s th e team bring th e design into real
space?
A they s o lid ify th e interior and e xte rio r design
B th e y build a p ro to typ e fo r te sting
C th e y create a clay m odel o f th e ca r
3
4
10 __scale m odel
B th e art o f co m b in in g im ages and inform ation
C a plan fo r th e look and fu n ctio n o f th e o u tsid e of
a car
D a su rface designed to be both a esthe tic and
fu n ctio n al
E a sm all physical m odel th a t is scaled relative to
th e actual p ro d u c t
D they c o m p le te p ow ertra in m odeling
F a plan fo r th e look and fu n ctio n o f th e inside o f
a car
W hat is NO T a re sp o nsib ility o f th e design team ?
A creating a c o n c e p t sketch
G th e firs t m odel o f a ca r fro m w h ich o th ers are
co pied
B crafting a scale m odel o f th e car
H a rough draw ing o f a car
C w o rkin g w ith class A surfaces
I
th e art o f fo rm in g a ca r design o u t o f clay
D te stin g th e p roto typ e
J
th e art o f engineering p ow ertra ins in cars
O Fill in th e blanks w ith th e co rre ct w ords or
phrases from th e w ord bank.
BANK
design
color and trim design
prototype
co n c e p t sketch
clay m odeling
interior design
1
D esigners create a (n )_________________________
to im prove th e e nvironm ent inside th e car.
2
M a ry’s ro u g h _________________________ inspired
her team to create new design ideas.
3
C ar com p a nie s w a n t a (n )______________________
Q
Project Manager: B ut l’ve g o t som e bad news.
You have to m ake som e
1 _______to y o u r design fo r
p roject A.
Design Artist: Really? Okay. W hat’s the problem ?
Project Manager: The 2 ______________ team has
had som e tro u b le w ith it.
Design Artist: W hat do you m ean?
Project Manager: They c o u ld n ’t m ake th e design
w o rk w ith in o ur budget.
Design Artist: Oh, I see. The 3 ______________
to be Progressive.
0
4
O nce th e _________________________ passes
som e tests, o th e r co pies can be m ade from it.
5
There are d ifferent versions o f the
on th e m arket.
6
_________________________ a llo w s the designers
to see the design in real space.
Q Listen and read the w e b p a g e again.
W h a t is th e purpose of a co n c e p t sketch?
Listening
0
Q Listen to a conversation b e tw een a
project m an ag er and a design artist.
C hoose the c o rre c t answ ers.
$ Listen again and c o m p le te the
conversation.
w a s a little co m p lica te d .
Project Manager: B ut th e 4 ______________
. is fine. D o n ’t change that.
Design Artist: Sure. Are w e cióse to the
5 _______stage?
Project Manager: I th in k w e can g et there by
S p eakin g
0
W ith a partner, a c t out th e roles below
based on Task 7. Then, sw itch roles.
I USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
1 have to talk to yo u a b o u t...
l ’ve g o t som e b a d new s ...
1 W h at is the m ain to p ic o f th e co nversation?
Okay, w h a t’s the p ro b le m ?
A a p roblem w ith a design a rtist
B an idea fo r a new car design
C progress on tw o design p rojects
D changes in th e design process
2
W h at w ill the w om a n m ost likely do next?
A c o n ta c t th e clay m odeling team
B create a new c o lo r and trim design
C c o n ta c t th e p ow ertra in m odeling team
D em ail design changes to her m anager
W riting
0
Use the w e b p a g e and the conversation from
Task 8 to w rite a project status report.
Inelude: the status of a project, m aking
changes to another project, other team s.
/
2
Manufacturing 1
_
G e t ready!
R eading
O Before you read the passage, ta lk about
th es e questions.
© Read the article. Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1
W hat are th e b enefits o f ju s t-in -tim e p rod uctio n ?
2
W hat are som e o f th e challenges o f
m anufacturing a utom obiles?
Business Monthiy June Edition
1 __H ow ard M otors lost m oney due to high
overhead costs.
2
__The new CEO increased p rod uctio n b y five
to ten percent.
3
__Mr. W righ t replaced the m achines on the
a ssem b ly line.
FROM FAILURETO SUCC ESS:
Howard Motors
V o cab u lary
© W rite a w ord or phrase th at is sim ilar in
m eaning to th e underlined part.
1 The m anager put into a ction a new
m an u fa ctu rin g plan.
_ _ p _ e _______ d
Ten years ago, Howard M otors was in trouble. Although sales
were stable, the com pany was losing money. The problem was
¡n the m anufacturing división. High overhead costs and
production delays m eant Howard M otors spent more than it
made on each vehicle.
Then Michael W right to o k over as CEO. W right im plem ented
just-in-tim e production m ethods. In our interview, Mr. W right
said, “ We just had to o m uch inventory. So I decided to cut
back on both ends of production. We lowered output slightly,
and we kept a limited supply of raw m aterials.”
That change to lean m anufacturing turned the com pany
around. A ccording to W right, “ Howard M otors reduced
overhead costs by 10% that year. And by keeping less
inventory, we also reduced waste. We w eren’t breaking as
many materials. That was another five to ten percent saved.”
O f course, that w asn’t the only problem. “ We also had a lot
of production delays back then,” W right said. “We weren’t
using our assem bly lines properly.” To correct that
problem , W right stream lined the process. “ We used to
make parts, send them to the warehouse, and assem ble
them ¡ater. Now, we make a part and it’s im m ediately built
into the car. Production is tw enty percent faster.”
As a resutt. Howard M otors turned from near-bankruptcy
to record profits in a m atter of years.
2
The proce ss o f m akina som e th ina fo r sale w as
delayed by a failure on th e a ssem b ly line.
_ _ o d _________
3
W ith a process th a t w o rk s to elim inate w a s te ,
m anufacturers only keep a sm all, necessary
a m o u nt o f su pp lie s on hand.
____ n _ a n _______t _ r _____
4
The a dvisor helped im prove e fficie n cv and
reduce w a ste in o ur m an u fa ctu rin g process.
t __ a ___ i_
© M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-8) w ith the
definitions (A-H).
1 __w a ste
5 __a ssem b ly Une
2
__inventory
6 __raw m aterials
3
__reduce
7 __overhead
4 __lim ited
8 __m anufacturing
A m aterials used to m ake p ro d u cís and
c o m p le te d p ro d u c ís in storage
B m aterials th a t have not been used to m ake
som e th ing yet
C th e process o f assem bling p ro d u c ís fo r sale
D c o s ts associated w ith running a business
E to m ake so m e th ing sm aller
F a System o f building p ro d u cís in w h ich Ítem s
pass th rou g h d iffe re n t stages
G the loss o f m aterial th a t could have been used
fo r a p ro d u c t
H not as large as it co uld p ossib ly be
S p eakin g
O W ith a partner, a ct out th e roles below
based on Task 7. Then, sw itch roles.
Listening
0
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
® Listen to a conversation b e tw een a
general m an ag er and an assistant m anager.
C hoose the co rre ct answ ers.
l ’m th in k in g a b o u t h o w w e c a n ...
W e c o u ld ...
I t ’s a g o o d idea.
1 W h at is th e conve rsatio n m ainly about?
A h ow to stream line th e a ssem b ly line
S tu d e n t A : You are an a ssista n t m anager at an
a utom o bile m an u fa ctu rin g plant. A sk S tu d en t B
about:
B a m ethod o f reducing overhead co sts
C w h y p ro d u c tio n has been delayed
D th e need to increase inventory
2 W hat is th e w om an likely to d o th a t day?
A place an o rde r fo r raw m aterials
B im p le m e n t th e m a n ’s plan fo r th e a ssem b ly
line
•
an idea to change m anufacturing at the plant
•
th e ben e fits o f th a t change
•
h ow to avoid p rob le m s w ith th e change
S tu d e n t B: You are a m anager o f an autom o bile
m an u fa ctu rin g plant. Talk to S tu d en t A about
his or her su ggestion.
C determ ine how m uch inventory is lost as waste
D discuss just-in-tim e production w ith the owners
W riting
0
W Listen again and c o m p lete the
conversation.
0
Use the article and th e conversation from
Task 8 to w rite an em ail to a m anager.
Inelude: im proving operations, the
assem bly process, and a production
increase.
3
Manufacturing 2
G e t ready!
m em o
© B efore you read th e passage,
ta lk about th es e questions.
1 W hat are a fe w typ e s o f b en chm arklng?
2
Alan Jackson, Assistant Manager, Kline Motors, Kingston Plant
H ow can ben ch m a rkln g aid a com p a ny?
Jennifer Walters, General Manager, Kline Motors, Kingston Plant
Alan
The main office wants us to look Into ¡ndustry best practices
and benchm arking. I’d llke you to handle the project.
Here’s what yo u ’ll need to do:
Í
Assess internal benchm arks. Take a look at our
Brlghton and Capital C ity plants. M easure our
production num bers against theirs and see whether we
m atch their production levels or not. I’ll have the general
m anager at each plant send you notes on their
m anufacturing processes.
/
Look into com petitive benchm arks. Howard M otors
and Standard M otors are both increasing production.
Research their m ethods and see what our com petitors
are doing these days.
g H s im n n E * -
Com e up with a list o f possible com panies to com pare
functional benchm arks against. We can always learn
som ething from a successful business, even if they
aren’t ¡n the autom obile business. I’d look at Canso
W atches and Hanson Coffee. Both com panies are
experiencing rapid grow th. Analyze their business
practices. I’m talking about everything from
managem ent style to inventory m anagement. No m atter
w hat com pany you pick, try to figure out how we can
apply their m ethods here.
We have a m onth to finish this project, so let me know what
you need to get started.
Jennifer
M US
1
V o cab u lary
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1 -6) w ith the
definitions (A-F).
1 __m easure
2 __com pare
3 __analyze
5 __internal ben ch m a rk
6 _ functional benchm ark
R eading
A th e m o s t succe ssfu l w a y o f doing som ething
© Read the m em o. Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
B to fin d sim ilarities and d ifferences in tw o or
m ore th ing s
1 __ The m an w lll m easure co m p e titive
ben ch m a rks against o th e r Kline M otors
factories.
2
3
8
4 __best p ractice
__The w om an recom m ends studylng the
m anagem ent style o f non-autom anufacturers.
__The fu n ctio n a l b en ch m a rk assessm ent will
exam ine h o w ¡ndustry c o m p e tito rs are
increasing p rod uctio n .
C a standard based on a co m p a riso n o f parts o f
th e sam e co m p a n y
D to lo o k at som ething very carefully in o rde r to
und e rstan d it
E a standard m ade by looking at o th ers in the
sam e ¡ndustry
F to estím ate som ething based on a set o f
sta n da rds
O W rite a w ord or phrase th at is sim ilar in m eaning to the
underlined part.
S p eakin g
0
1 C h e ck sta n da rds set bv c o m p e tito rs to fin d o u t w h a t Kline
M o to r’s process ¡s.
_ o m ____ i ______
2
3
With a partner, act out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
b ____ h _______s
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
W hen w ill th e new p o licy be p ut into use?
a ______ e _
H o w are we d o in g ?
The o w n er app lie d th e process o f d eterm inina sta n da rds to
im prove p rod uctio n .
_c_m _
Like w hat?
O u r p ro d u c tio n n um bers are ...
4 The a cco u n tin g d e p a rtm e n t carefullv stu d ie d th e c o m p a n y ’s
expenses.
_s_e__e_
0
0 Listen and read the m em o again. W h a t is one benefit
o f functional benchm arks?
Listening
0
$ Listen to a conversation b e tw een a m an ag er and an
assistant m anager. C hoose th e co rre ct answ ers.
1 __The m an fin ish ed analyzing th e ben ch m a rkin g research.
2
__The plant has b ette r p ro d u ctio n num bers than o th er
co m p a n y plants.
3
__The w om an w o rrie s th a t th e fu n ctio n al b e n ch m a rk fro m the
research w ill be to o d ifficu lt to a pp ly at th e ir plant.
$ Listen again and c o m p lete the conversation.
Manager: It’s th a t 1
. research. H o w are w e d oing?
r
W riting
0
Use the m em o and the
conversation from Task 8 to
w rite a benchm arking report.
Inelude: findings from internal,
com petitive. and functional
benchm arks.
Assistant: Oh, th a t’s going really well.
Manager: Great. So y o u ’ll be able to 2 .
on
tim e?
Assistant: 3
A nd w e ’re fin ding som e
really goo d Inform ation.
Manager: Oh, really? Like w hat?
Assistant: W ell, the 4 ___________ .c h e c k w a s ¡m presslve. O ur
_________________ th e
p rod uctio n n um bers are 5 .
B righton and C apital C ity plants.
Manager: T h a t’s great. So w e ’re se tting th e co m p a n y 6 .
Assistant: It looks th a t way. B ut th e fu n ctio n a l ben ch m a rks research
is interesting, too.
((
ves
Engineer
IN e e d e d
GEEEE>
í assem bly
Kline Motors is a leading auto
manufacturer. We are seeking an
-i
experienced
mechanical
engineer
to
f
maintain the flow line at our Brighton Automotive Plant. The lead engineer
oversees all automation and assembly processes. A brief description of the
lead engineer position follows. In addition to mastery of the following
responsibilities, applicants must have experience managing assembly lines.
This position requires extensive work with robots, such as inspecting and
repairing manipulators, end-effectors, actuators, and control units.
Additionally, the lead engineer will monitor the precisión of robots within the
work envelope. This ineludes ensuring unobstructed movement within the
degrees of freedom and proper space for the payload. The lead engineer will
make adjustments to avoid unnecessary oscillations. Although Kline Motors
maintains a team of technicians and engineers, the lead engineer is expected
to particípate in all inspections. Repairs may be completed by technicians, but
the lead engineer must check all work performed by his or her team .
Portions of the flow line feature hydraulic machines, while others employ
pneumatic machines. As such, applicants must have experience with both
power systems.
If you feel that you meet the requirements above, send a résumé
and cover letter to amichaels@klinemotors.com.
V o c d b u ld ty
© ™ in the blanks w ith ,h
from ,h e w o r Z a Z ^ ' W° 'd s ”
G e t ready!
O
Before you read th e passage, ta lk about
th ese questions.
1
2
payload w o rk envelope pneum atic
hydraulic robot assem bly control unit
W hat are som e basic parts o f ro bo ts on an
a ssem b ly line?
W hat are the ben e fits o f using a utom a tion
instead o f ind ividual w orkers?
W h at is th e la rg e s t______________________ th a t
th e ro b o t can m ove th rou g h its w o rk envelope?
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
_________________________ m achinery uses liquid to
tra n sfe r power.
3
R o b ots p u t th e cars to g e th e r along a basic
line.
E
C h e ck t h e ______________________ . Several
ro b o ts are m oving to o slow.
l\
4
5
1 __The engineer m ust im p ro ve th e design o f
m anipu lators and actuators.
10
The paint near th e line ind ica te s the
______________________ w ith in w h ich th e
m an ipu lator m oves.
2 __Repairs to co ntro l units m ust be co m p le te d
by m e lead engineer.
6
3
7 T h is _______________________ b uilds p art o f the
c a rs ’ tram es.
__ ~ne Bnghton Plant is changing from hydraulic
to pneum atic m achines.
E
2
R eading
0 Read the job ad. Then, m ark the following
I\
Please ch e c k th e pressurized gas in the
equipm ent.
r\
E
l\
E
0
M a tch the w ords or phrases (1-8) w ith th e definitions
(A-H).
1 __ precisión
5
__degree o f freedom
2
__o scilla tio n
6
__a utom a tion
3
__a c tu a to r
7
__e n d -e ffe c to r
4
__flo w line
8
__m an ipu lator
S p eakin g
0 With a partner, act out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
W h at’s y o u r average d ay like? y
A a system in w h ich m echanical d evices replace hum an e fforts
M o s t days I ...
B th e device at th e end o f a m an ipu lator
I u s u a lly ...
C a device th a t su pp lie s p o w e r to a ro b o tic m an ipu lator
D th e arm o f a ro bo t
Student A: You are a manager.
Talk to S tu d e n t B about:
E a m easure o f how w ell a ro b o t can m ove to a s p e c ific point
F a row o f sp e c ia l-p u rp o s e m achines arranged in sequence
G vibra tion or repetitive m ovem ent
H th e basic m otio n s o f a ro b o t arm and b od y
0
í» Listen and read the jo b ad again. W h at are som e
typ es of w o rk engineers m ust do on au to m ated
system s?
•
his or her cu rre n t position
•
his or her usual day
•
s yste m s he or she is fa m ilia r
w ith
S tu d e n t B: You are an engineer.
Talk to S tu d e n t A a b o u t y o u r jo b .
Listening
0
$ Listen to a c o n v e rsa ro n betw een a m anager and an
applicant fo r an engineering position. M a rk the follow ing
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 __The w o m a n usually ch e cks th e repair list first.
2
__The H ow ard M o to rs plant runs on h ydraulic m achines.
3 __The w o m a n has repaired a ctu a to rs b u t not co ntro l units.
0
Listen again and c o m p lete th e conversation.
Manager: Okay. So tell me, w h a t’s y o u r average day like?
Engineer: W ell, le t’s see. 1 ______________ I to u r th e flo w line
first. I ch e c k fo r o b vio u s problem s, th in g s like leaks
in th e h ydraulic system s.
Manager: Oh, so you w o rk w ith 2 _______frequently?
Engineer: A bsolutely. The w h o le 3 ______________________
hydraulics.
Manager: Do you have m uch e xperience w ith 4 __
. system s?
B ecause w e use both.
Engineer: Oh, sure. M y firs t jo b w as 5 ______________ p neum atic
m achines. And th e y ’re p retty similar, w hen you th in k
a b o u t it.
Manager: T h a t’s true. So, b ack to yo ur average day.
Engineer: Well, a fte r I insp e ct th e flo w line, I 6 ______________ the
repair list.
W riting
0
Use the jo b ad and the
conversation from Task 8 to
w rite an en g in e e r’s cover
letter. Inelude: th e jo b you are
applying for, your experien ce
w ith autom ated m anufacturing,
and your typical duties at your
current job.
ii«líLmj
To:
m.abrams@ klmemotors.com
From:
k.richardson@ klinem otors.com
Subiect: Auto Transport
ciüjnTii
a
EMAIL
LOGIN
✓
SIGNUP
Mark
Our transport costs are getting higher. I want you to look into som e o f our
options.
As you know, our shipm ents are carried by tractor-trailers and then transferred
to rail. The first thing I want you to check is what type o f sem i-trailer we should
use. At the m oment, we use open trailers, but I have some concerns. I think
that rocks damage too many cars. Find out how much we pay to repairthe paint
job on cars delivered by open tráiler. Then see w hat the added cost of using
enclosed tra ilers is. Let me know which option is the least
expensive.
I have questions about the rail shipping, too. W e’re
currently using bi-level auto racks. But we could
pay for fewer freight cars if we use tri-level racks.
Find out the price for those. And check out if any
rail companies in the area offer rolling hlghway
Services. If they do, we could elim ínate auto
racks altogether.
Finally, w e ’ll start shipping to new dealerships
overseas later this year. That means yo u ’ll
have to do som e research on container ships.
Investígate all of the available options for¿
shipping cars via rail once the cars are
unloaded, too.
Let me know if you have any questions.
Karen
V o cab u lary
0
G e t ready!
0
B efore you read the passage, ta lk about
th ese questions.
1 __bi-level
2 __tri-level
5 __auto tra n sp o rt
1 W h at are som e w ays th a t vehlcles are
3 __auto rack
7 __overseas
4 __rail
8 __co n ta in e r ship
tra n sp o rte d fro m fa etones to dealerships?
2 W h at o p tio n s are available to tra n sp o rt
a uto m o b lle s by rail?
6 __rolling highw ay
A a railcar th a t tra n s p o rts cars and tru cks
B havlng tw o flo o rs at d ifferent heights
R eading
C located on another co n tln e n t and requiring
travel o ver an ocean
0
D th e a c t or process o f delivering a utom o biles
from fa c to ry to dealerships
Read the em ail. Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 __The c o m p a n y is not cu rre n tly using
enclosed trailers.
12
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-8) w ith the
definitions (A-H).
2
_
Tne rail co m p a n y w ill soon elim ínate auto
racks.
3
__O verseas dealerships will co ntro l shipping
after cars are unloaded from ships.
E having three flo o rs at d iffe re n t heights
F a system fo r tra n sp o rtin g tra cto r-tra ile rs and
se m i-tra ile rs b y train
G th e n e tw o rk o f railroads and th e co m p a nie s th a t
opérate trains
H a vessel designed to sto re interm odal
containe rs
f¡
HONE
O R ead th e sen ten ce pairs. C ho ose w hich w ord or phrase
best fits each blank.
S p eakin g
0 With a partner, act out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
1 tra c to r-tra ile r / sem i-tra iler
A T h e _________________________ can store up to e ig h t cars in
it.
B The d rive r w a n ts a _________________________ w ith a m ore
p ow erful engine.
2
0
open / enclosed
A The
it from th e rain.
trá ile r will p ro te c t th e cars in
B A(n)
see th e cars in it.
trá ile r a llow s evervone to
S tu d e n t A: You are an executive.
Talk to S tu d e n t B about:
í» Listen and read the em ail again. W h at is th e
c o m p a n y ’s best option fo r sem i-trailers?
•
auto tra n s p o rt o p tio n s
•
typ e s o f se m i-tra ile rs to use
•
sh ip pin g o p tio n s
Listening
0
S tu d e n t B: You are a manager.
Talk to S tu d en t A a bo u t auto
tra nsp o rt.
Listen to a conversation b e tw een a m an ag er and an
executive. C hoose th e c o rre c t answ ers.
1 W hat is th e conve rsatio n about?
A changing sh ip pin g com p a nie s
B research on changing sh ip pin g procedures
W riting
C th e progress o f a cu rre n t auto tra n s p o rt operation
0
D increasing th e speed o f auto tra n s p o rt ope ratio n s
2
W h at is tru e o f th e rail operations?
A The bi-level auto ra cks are no lon g er available.
B The man recom m ends sw itching to rolling highw ay operations.
C The co m p a n y can save m oney b y using tri-le vel auto racks.
Use the em ail and the
conversation from Task 8 to
w rite a rep o rt on ch anges to
auto tra n s p o rt operations.
Inelude: sem i-trailers, rail
operation s, and co n tain er
ships.
D The w om a n w a n ts to use a d iffe re n t raí tra n s p o rt com pany.
0
í i Listen again and c o m p le te th e conversation.
Executive:
M an ager:
Executive:
M anager:
Executive:
M anager:
Mark, how is that 1 ______________ research going?
Oh, hey, Karen. T hings are 2 ______________________ ,
actually.
Glad to hear it. So, w h a t are w e 3 ______________ ?
Well, I looked into your questions on sem i-trailers. It turns
out that w e ’re 4 ______________________ open trailers.
Really? I th o u g h t cars w ere so m e tim es d am aged in
5 ______________ .
It does happen. B ut th e c o s t o f fixing them is less than
th e c o s t o f s w itch in g to 6 ______________ .
13
We have put together this list of “¡ncoterm ” codes for our clients. Refer to the list below for
our distribution and shipping process.
EX W (Ex Works) - The m anufacturer makes its goods available fo r pickup at the place of
m anufacturing.
FCA (Free Carrier) - The seller pays loading costs to hand over ¡ts goods to the first carrier.
C P T (Carriage Paid To) - The seller pays for carrlage. However, the buyer assumes all risk
once goods are handed over to the first carrier.
C IP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) - The seller pays fo r carriage and insurance to a
particular destlnation. However, the buyer assumes all risk once goods are handed over to
the first carrier.
D AT (D eliveredat Terminal) - The seller pays for all costs to transport goods to the terminal.
This does not inelude im port clearance costs. The seller also assumes risk until the goods
reach the terminal.
s
D AP (Delivered at Place) - The seller pays for all costs to transport goods to a specific place.
This does not inelude im port clearance costs. The seller also assumes risk until the goods
reach that specific place.
D D P (Delivered Duty Paid) - The seller pays for all costs to transport goods ¡neluding im port
clearance costs. The seller also assum es all risk. In this arrangem ent, the seller has
m áxim um responsibility.
mam
V o cab u lary
0
1
loading c o s t
6 _
CIP
2
inco te rm s
7 _
DAP
3
d is trib u tio n
8 __carrier
4
FCA
9 __sh ip pin g
1 W hat are som e stages in the distribution process?
5
insurance
2
A th e State o f having a d u ty o r o bliga tion
G e t ready!
O B efore you read the passage, ta lk about
th es e questions.
W hat kinds o f carriers tra nsp o rt goods throughout
your country?
D predeflned universal te rm s used ¡n co m m ercial
d istrib u tio n
1 W h at is th e m ain p urp ose o f the guide?
E w hen th e seller pays fo r carriage and insurance
b u t buyer assum es th e risk
B to create a universal ¡ncoterm co de
C to p rovlde ¡ncoterm inform a tio n fo r clients
2
3
F th e a c t o f su pp lyin g g o o d s to d ealerships to
resel I
D to explain th e orig in s o f inco te rm s
G a c o s t associated w ith loading th e cars o n to the
carrier
W hich incoterm requires th e m ost w o rk from
th e buyer?
H an arrangem ent by w h ich a co m p a n y pays fo r
large losses in exchange fo r p aym e nt o f a
prem ium
A EXW
I
B a co m p a n y th a t p rovide s tra n s p o rta ro n Services
Read the guide. Then, choose th e correct
answ ers.
A to explain th e ¡m portance o f inco te rm s
14
10 __re sp o nsib ility
C w hen a seller pays to hand over g o o d s to the
firs t carrier
R eading
©
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-10) w ith the
definitions (A-J).
B C PT
C DAT
D FCA
I
w hen th e seller pays fo r all carriage e x ce p t fo r
im p o rt clearance and assum es risk until g oo d s
are ready to be unloaded by th e buyer
J
th e a ct o f tra n sp o rtln g g oo d s
W hich inco te rm places th e m ost re sp o nsib ility
on th e seller?
A CIP
B DDP
C EXW
D DAP
O
Fill in the blanks with the correct words
from the word bank.
Q
í i Listen again and complete the
conversation.
M an ager: The seller w a n ts to use 1 _______
sh ip pin g to the p o rt city.
EXW
CPT
insurance
DAT DD P
shipping
1 A b uye r m ust p ic k up g o o d s a t the
m an u fa ctu re r in t h e _________________________
arrangem ent.
2 The buyer m ust pay f o r ______________________
to protect against m ajor losses during shipping.
3
In t h e _________________________ arrangem ent,
th e seller pays fo r carriage b ut not insurance.
4
___________________________________________
a llo w s dealers to sell cars m an u fa ctu re d all over
th e w o rld.
5
The seller pays fo r the costs o f im port clearance in
th e _________________________ arrangem ent.
6 The buyer assum es risk o nce th e g o o d s are
ready to be unloaded at th e term inal in the
arrangem ent.
0
$ Listen and read the guide again. W h at is
presum ably a ben efit for m anufactu rers by
using EXW?
A ssociate:
And th e buyer is okay w ith that?
M an ager:
The buyer is nervous a b o u t the
2
________co sts.
A ssociate:
M an ager:
A ssociate:
M an ager:
A ssociate:
M an ager:
_?
Yes, b ut th e seller is already covering
insurance and 4 ______________ .
So it’ll be to u g h to g et them to give
m ore, right?
Yes. Especially since th e seller is
a c cu sto m e d to 5 _______or FCA. This is
already a stre tch fo r them .
W hat a b o u t th e 6 _______?
It’s our standard carrier across the ocean.
But the dealer has a road carrier contact.
S p eakin g
0
W ith a partner, a c t out th e roles below
based on Task 7. Then, sw itch roles.
W hat are the details? / So it w ill be tough t o ... ? \
Listening
0
I see. So th e buyer w o u ld rather use a
3
W hat a b o u t t h e ...?
$ Listen to a conversation betw een a
m an ag er and an asso ciate. C hoose the
co rre ct answ ers.
1 W hat is th e m ain to p ic o f th e co nversation?
A giving in stru ctio n s a b o u t a sh ip m en t
B asking fo r p ricing inform ation
C co m p lain in g a b o u t sh ip pin g p roblem s
D d iscip lin in g a w o rk e r fo r sh ip pin g m istakes
2
W h at will th e m an m ost likely do next?
A c o n ta c t th e sh ip pin g co m p a n y to g et m ore
details
B c o n ta c t th e buyer to s o lid ify the DAT
agreem ent
C c o n ta c t th e seller to arrange new te rm s
D c o n ta c t th e road carrier to g et an insurance
quote
W riting
0
U se th e guide and the conversation from
Task 8 to w rite an em ail to a shipping
insurance com pany. Inelude: shipm ent
details, incoterm s, request fo r insurance
quotes.
15
G e t ready!
R eading
O B efore you read th e passage,
ta lk ab o u t th es e questions.
©
1 W hat are som e fa c to rs th a t
c o n trib u te to th e price o f a
car?
2
R ead th e article. Then, choose th e c o rrect
answ ers.
1 W hat ¡s th e p urpose o f th e article?
A to explain h ow to n eg otiate prices
B to give inform ation a b o u t pricing
W h at are som e fa c to rs th a t
cause m arket adju stm en ts
in y o u r country?
C to w arn co nsu m ers a b o u t price scam s
D to o ffe r tip s fo r g e ttin g d is c o u n t prices
2
3
W hat does NO T influence the s tic k e r price?
A invoice price
C taxes
B M SRP
D o p tio n s
W h at is th e p urp ose o f th e hold ba ck?
A to rew ard th e buyer fo r purchasing
B to increase dealer cash flo w
C to low er th e c o s t o f th e car
D to d is c o u n t th e s tic k e r price
V o cab u lary
©
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-10) w ith th e
definitions (A-J).
CO N SU M ER _
A D V IC E C E N T E R
by: A n d e rs o n M artin
B ®
q
Q
q
o
The process of buying a new car m ight seem intim idating to
many consum ers. But w ith the right inform ation, you can
equip yourself to get a good deal on a new car.
Pricing is quite simple. Here’s how it works.
A dealer pays an invoice price to the m anufacturer for
a car.
The m anufacturer provides an MSRP.
A dealer will m ark up the invoice price to make a profit.
This will Include the destination charge and m arket
adjustments. This num ber becom es the sticker price.
M anufacturers w ill pay the dealer a holdback to
increase cash flow.
A dealer will create sales incentives such as discounts
or rebates to entice buyers.
Since special options increase the cost the dealer pays
for the car, they will also increase the sticker price for
the buyer.
However, a salesperson can lower the sticker price with
the approval o f the manager.
Knowing these simple pricing principies will give you a head
start in the negotiation game with the dealer. Remember, a
car dealership is a business just like yours. M ost are not
trying to take advantage of consum ers. They are trying to
make a profit to stay in business.
pricing
6 __profit
invoice price
7 _
m ark up
8 __d estin atio n charge
s ticke r price
9 __m arket adjustm ent
h old ba ck
M SRP
10 __o p tio n s
A th e price a dvertised by th e dealer
B a percentage o f sales prices th a t
m anufacturers pay b a ck to dealers
C a fee add e d to co ver th e c o s t o f sh ip pin g cars
from m an u fa ctu re r to dealer
D th e price th e dealer pays fo r a car
E features o f a ca r th a t can increase th e price
F th e diffe re n ce betw een th e sale p rice and th e
c o s t o f th e vehicle
G th e m etho d o f d eterm ining h ow m uch to charge
fo r p ro d u cís
H th e a m o u n t a dealer increases a price above
invoice p rice to m ake a p rofit
I
a change in price based on the m arket in w hich
th e ca r is sold
J
th e m an u fa ctu re r’s sugg e sted retail price
© Fill in the blanks with the correct words
from the word bank.
otFídt
rebate
0
W Listen again and complete the
conversation.
S alesm an:
cost
discount a p p ro v a l
o p tio n s
M SR P
The ca r carne w ith prem ium
w h ich increased th e price.
During a sale, a dealer w ill give a m oney b ack
___________________ fo r qualified buyers.
T h e ___________________is a goo d sta rting point
fo r d ealer pricing.
price o f th e ca r w as
T h e _____________
$2000 less than MSRP.
W ith o u t a m an a ge r’s __
salesm an ca n n o t low er th e price.
M an ager: The m a n u fa ctu re r m oved its p rod uctio n
facility. N o w th e 2 ______________ is
m uch higher fo r us.
Salesm an:
I understand that, b ut I d o n ’t th in k its wise
to 3 _______ th e c u s to m e r fo r th a t. We
w a n t to b uild loyalty.
M an ager:
Yes, o f co urse w e do. B ut w e also have
to pay o ur bilis. The m an u fa ctu re r c u t o ff
4 _______th is year too.
Salesm an:
M an ager:
A dealer has to price the ca r above
Salesm an:
M an ager:
0
Q Listen and read the a rticle again. H ow
can d ealers e n tice buyers?
I ran th e num bers. M y cu stom e rs
are w o n de ring w h y th e 1
is higher than MSRP.
Salesm an:
Oh really?
Yes. A nd w ith th e 5 _______so sluggish,
w e ’ve s o ld a b o u t half th e ca rs w e
projected.
It is a 6 ______________ fo r us.
B ut it’s to u g h fo r th e m too. Is th a t w h a t
y o u ’re saying?
Yes, I su pp o se it is.
Listening
S p eakin g
0
0
& Listen to a conversation b e tw een a
m an ag er and a salesm an. C hoose th e
co rre ct answ ers.
W ith a partner, a c t out th e roles below
based on Task 7. Then, sw itch roles.
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
W h at is th e m ain to p ic o f th e conversation?
W h a t’s on y o u r m in d ?
A c o m p e tito rs prices on new cars
W hat m akes yo u th ink that?
B a w arning a b o u t d is c o u n t prices
Is th a t w h a t y o u ’re saying?
C fairness o f prices
D n eg o tiatin g prices w ith cu stom e rs
W h at w ill the w om a n m ost likely do next?
A increase profits by increasing th e sticker
price
B speak to th e o w n er o f th e dealership
C c o n ta c t th e cu sto m e rs co nce rne d a b o u t
pricing
D speak to th e m an u fa ctu re r
W riting
0
Use the a rticle and the conversation from
Task 8 to w n e an em ail to a cow orker.
Inelude concerns about pricing, m a rk et
adjust-^ents, and suggestions fo r building
loyalty.
y ¡
3
Accounting
G e t ready!
O B efore you read th e em ail, ta lk
ab o u t th ese questions.
1 W hat kind o f in fo rm a ro n is included
on a balance sheet?
2
W hat are p ro fit and loss a cco u n ts for?
874 First Street
Anne Green
Green Auto Sales
975 Main Street
Ms. Green,
Your balance sheet is attached to this email. Currently,
Green Auto Sales has $2,377,000 in total assets.
That am ount ¡ncludes your fixed assets, property and
equipm ent (P&E), land, and all the cars in your inventory.
Your intangible assets are reflected as well, along with the
paym ents you are owed in accounts receivable.
On the other hand, your liabilities com e to $2,305,000.
That ineludes the new $680,000 in accounts payable for
the recent shipm ent o f new cars, as well as your long-term
loan fo r the purchase o f the dealership. Your ow ner’s equity
is at $72,000.
M y assistant is working on your P&L report, but he’ll need
som e current inform ation to com plete it. We have the
inform ation on your revenue and gross profit. But untll we
have your cost of sales data, we can’t calcúlate your net
profit. W e’ll be in touch later today to get that Information.
Henry Jackson
Jackson Accounting
Assets
Current Assets
Cash
$43,000
Accounts
Receivable
$115,000
Inventory
$2,150,000
Total Current
Assets
P&E
Land
$32,000
Equipment
$21,000
Total P&E
$53,000
Intangible
Assets
Total Assets
" l8
$2,308,000
R eading
0
Read the em ail. Then, m ark the following
statem ents as true (T) or false (F).
1 __Intangible assets are included as liabilities.
2
3 __The c o s t o f sales are needed to ca lcúlate
gross profit.
V o cab u lary
0
M atch th e w ords or phrases (1 -8) w ith the
definitions (A-H).
P&E
5 __balance sheet
Liabilities
Current liabilities
assets
6 __fixe d assets
P&L report
7 __o w n e r’s e quity
Accounts Payable $680,000
liabilities
8 __intan g ib le assets
Wages Payable
Short-term debt
$ 20,000
A anything o f valué th a t can be converted into cash
$192,000
Total Current
Liabilities
B th e p ortio n o f a c o m p a n y ’s assets belonging to
th e o w n er a fte r all liabilities are a cco u n te d fo r
$892,000
C d e b ts and expenses
Long-term debt
$1,413,000
D n onm aterial assets
E p h ^ ric a l th in g s o f valué th a t are n ot easily
co nve rte d into cash
F
$16,000
32,377 nnn
__The c o m p a n y ’s cu rre n t liabilities are greater
than its cu rre n t assets.
Total Liabilities
$2,305,000
Ow ner’s Equity
$72,000
Total Liabilities
and Owners Equity $2,377.0nn
a d o c u m e n t th a t lists a b usine ss’s assets,
liabilities. and o w n e r’s e quity
G a d o c u m e n t co m p ile d at the end o f an
a ccou ntin g period to sh o w all revenues, costs,
and expenses
H p rop erty and e qu ip m e n t
O
Read th e sen ten ce pairs. C hoose w hich
w ord or phrase best fits each blank.
0
$ Listen again and c o m p lete th e
conversation.
1 revenue / cost of sales
O w ner:
A ___________________ ineludes how m uch
m oney is sp en t to m an u fa ctu re a p rod uct.
B A business m ust eam m o re _________________
than it sp en d s to m ake a profit.
Assistant:
O w ner:
2
gross profit / net profit
Assistant:
A ___________________ is th e profit before costs
are subtracted.
B __________________ is th e profit after co sts are
su btra cte d .
3
acco u n ts payable / acco u n ts receivable
0
A ssistant:
18,000?
Oh, no, no. T h a t’s 80,000. Eight-zero.
Okay, g o t it, th a n ks. We can g e t th a t
3 _____________________________ rig h t over
to you.
Certainly. W hat can I d o fo r you?
O w ner
l’m ju s tc u rlo u s w h a t th e 5 ______________
fo r th e period was.
A ssistant:
Sure, give m e one second. I see you had
$115,000 6 ______________ . That, less
c o s t o f sales and salary and o th er
expenses co m e s to $20,000.
í í Listen and read the em ail again. W hat
inform ation is needed to c o m p lete a
balance sheet?
S p e a k in g
Listen in g
0
I’m sorry, 2 _________________
O w ner: T h a t’d be great. C ould you 4
A ___________________is co nside re d an asset.
B ___________________ is a ty p e o f liability.
Okay, here it is. Let’s see. It looks like
our 1 ______________________ fo r th e
period w a s $80,000.
*♦ Listen to a conversation b e tw een a
dealership o w n er and an accounting
assistant. C hoose th e c o rre c t answ ers.
0
W ith a partner, a c t out th e roles below
based on Task 7. Then, sw itch roles.
USE LA N G U A G E S U C H AS:
1 W h at is th e p urp ose o f th e co nversation?
So yo u have the ...?
A to report an error on a balance sheet
It looks like o u r ...w as ...
B to request inform a tio n fo r a report
I’m sorry, d id yo u s a y ... ?
C to a pp rove a purchase
D to co m p a re financlal records
2
W hat inform a tio n does th e w om a n request?
S tu d e n t A: You are an a cco u n tin g assistant.
Talk to S tu d en t B about:
A net profit
C a P&L report
•
inform a tio n you need
D c o s t o f sales
•
a m isco m m u n ica tio n
•
th e clie n t's request fo r a n ew to ta l
B to ta l liabilities
S tu d e n t B: You are a d ea lersh ip owner. Talk to
S tu d e n t A a b c u t r’fo rm ab o n needed fo r a
financial re p o rt
W riting
0
U se the em ail and th e conversation from
Task 8 to w n te an em ail from an accountant.
Inelude: a sum m ary of th e balance sheet
and a sum m ary of the P&L report.
19
9
Sales 1
G e t ready!
R eading
O B efore you read the passage, ta lk about
th es e questions.
©
1
H o w can p eople increase th e num ber o f sales
th e y m ake?
2
W hy is app e ara nce im p o rta n t in m aking sales?
R ead th e advice colum n. Then, choose the
co rre ct answ ers.
1 W hat is th e m ain idea o f th e passage?
A how to increase sales
B th e stages o f an auto sale
C tre nd s in auto sales fro m year to year
D a co m p a rlso n o f sales te ch niqu e s
2
W hich o f th e fo llo w in g is NOT a w a y to m ake a
g o o d firs t im pression?
A have a professional appearance
B listen to th e c u s to m e r’s needs
C ask right aw ay to m ake an a p p o in tm e n t
D use language to influence y o u r c u sto m e r
3
H ow can n etw o rkin g help to ¡ncrease sales?
A it a llo w s a person to create a g o o d p itch
B it gives a person th e chan ce to speak
p rofessionally
C it can increase p otential sales leads
D ¡t helps to increase c o m fo rt level am ong
colleagues
V o c a b u la ry
©
AL L T H I N G S A U T O M O T I V E :
One-Stop Advice
By ÜOe Smitll
I get a lot o f letters from struggllng salespeople. My num ber
one plece o f advice: to be effective ¡n sales, you have to
m ake a great first im pression w ith potential custom ers.
Do you have a professional appearance? Are you attentlve
to your cu stom e rs’ needs, and do you m ake them feel
comfortable? You d on ’t want to be to o pushy, but d o n ’t be
passive, elther. A well thought out pitch can greatly help
with this. Make sure it ineludes language that will positively
influence your custom ers. If you’re not sure how your pitch
sounds, test it out on a colleague.
To generate more sales, try to find m ore leads. Use a
contacts you have to try to get more potential custom ers.
You've heard it before, but this power of networking cannot
be overstated. And another note here: keep your
appointments. Nothing disappoints more than a no-show.
W hen in doubt, talk to a more experienced coworker.
He or she may know just how to increase your confidence
and success as a salesperson. All you need to do is inquire.
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-8) w ith the
definitions (A-H).
sales
5 __inquire
firs t Im pression
6 __influence
c o n ta c t
7 __n etw orking
co m fo rt
8
_ effective
A to ask m ore inform a tio n a b o u t so m e th ing
B a know n person w ith w h o m an associate can
co m m u n ica te
C th e a ct o r process o f m eeting w ith cu sto m e rs in
o rde r to sell p ro d u e ts to them
D th e initial feeling a person has w hen he or she
e nco u nters another person
E the level o f ease a person feels in a given situation
F to create a strong e ffe ct upon a person or
situation
G p rod ucin g a successful, desirable result
H th e habit o f using o n e ’s colleagues and
professional a ssociatlo n s to enhance
professional s u c c e s s '
O Write a word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the
underlined part.
1
Be sure to fin d o ut th e c u s to m e r’s desired o u tco m e s from an
e nco u nter.
_e__s
2
J o a n ’s professional overall o u tsid e m anner and stvle helps her
speak to cu stom e rs.
_ p ____ r _ _ c _
3
M ike is able to create m ore sales by listening close ly to his
c u s to m e rs ’ needs.
_ e ____ a _ _
4
A ny person who you can talk to about your product is a
potential Client or customer.
5
S p eakin g
0 With a partner, act out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
I ____
B o ok yo ur set, sched ule d tim es fo r an event in advance and
m ake note o f it in yo ur planner.
— P _ l _ t ______
6
0
A good short. pre-rehearsed speech a b o u t a p ro d u c t can
influence c u sto m e rs to m ake a purchase.
__t__
Listen and read the advice colum n again. W hy is it
im portan t to m aintain a professional appearan ce?
Listening
0
$ Listen to a conversation betw een tw o car sales
asso ciates. M a rk the follow ing sta te m e n ts as tru e (T) or
false (F).
1 __The w om a n re co m m en d s being p olite at all tim es.
2
W riting
__The m an w o rrie s a b o u t being pushy w ith cu stom ers.
0
3 __The w om a n sugg e sts w riting a new pitch.
0
$ Listen again and c o m p lete th e conversation.
C o w o rker: W ell, do you ask cu sto m e rs w h a t th e y really
__________ w h a t y o u r cu sto m e r
w ant? 1 __________
w a n ts in a car. And m ake sure you can o ffe r it.
r
Use the advice colum n and the
conversation from Task 8 to
w rite an em ail on increasing
sales in th e auto industry.
Inelude: th e im p o rtan ce of
a p p earan ce, creating a pitch,
and listening to a c u s to m e r’s
needs.
S alesperson: Well, I d o n ’t w a n t to be to o pushy.
C o w o rker: J u s t m ake th e m feel 2 ______________ and fin d out
w h a t th e y ’re loo kin g for. Do you have 3 _______
_______rig h t now ?
S alesperson:
N ot really. T h a t’s p art o f th e problem ; I w ish I could
s o m e h o w 4 ______________________ .
to n ig h t. I’m going
C o w o rker: W ell, th e re ’s a 5
and if you w ant, you can co m e along.
S alesperson: T h at w o u ld be great! And I have a fa vo r to ask. Can
you listen to th is 6 _______l’ve been using? M aybe it
ju s t d o e s n ’t sound right, I d o n ’t know.
C o w orker:
Sure, l’d love to.
21
10
Sales 2
From:
Subject:
G e t ready!
O B efore you read th e passage, ta lk about th ese
questions.
1 W hat are som e d ifferent w ays to establish a good
relationship w ith a cu stom e r?
W hat are som e w ays to secure a deal
w ith a cu stom e r?
estímate
get
Mark Wallace
Customer Follow-Up
Hi Donald. Great work this weekend getting some really
strong leads. I’m very impressed by your progress so far.
Now it’s time to follow up on a lead!
Some advice for getting in touch with your clients: email
first, then cali. Don’t be too aggressive. Customers want
to be updated but not bothered by us. After the email, give
it a week before you check on them again. This time, you
should cali them directly. If they have indicated a desire to
buy previously, you can be a little more forward until you
hear back from them.
Remind them of the estímate you gave them. Make them feel
a sense of urgency to buy. Otherwise the Client might slip
away. Then it will be much harder to secure the deal.
Even if you gave them your business card, be sure to
inelude your contact information in both emails and
phone messages. This way, they will be able to get back
to you. If you received your Client based on a referral
from someone, inelude that. It will establish trust.
Once again, great work this weekend. Let me know how
the follow-ups go.
touch
business car «*
x/ check on
V o cab u lary
0
R eading
0
R ead th e em ail. Then, choose th e c o rrect
answ ers.
8 __fo llo w up on
__update
B cali th e cu sto m e r
6 __business card
9 __previously
10 __hear b ack from
11
__referral
D w a it fo r th e c u sto m e r to get in to u ch
A to continué sales efforts th a t have already been
started
W hat is NO T a sugg e stio n m ade in th e em ail?
B th e a ct o f d ire cting a person to so m eone else
A u pd a te cu stom e rs
C a sm all card containin g a p erso n ’s business
inform ation
B rem ind cu sto m e rs o f estím ate
C invite th e c u s to m e r to ano th e r te s t drive
D inelude c o n ta c t inform a tio n
22
7 __progress
A send th e c u s to m e r an email
C send th e c u s to m e r a d ire ct m ail brochure
3
1 __ch e c k on
2
3 __get in to u ch
4 __estím ate
5 __slip aw ay
1 W hat does th e em ail recom m end as a firs t step
fo r a fo llo w up?
2
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-11) w ith the
definitions (A-K).
D to give new o r d ifferent inform ation
E an a p p ro xim a te n um ber
F to exam ine a c u s to m e r’s co nd itio n
W hat does th e email advise fo r establishing trust?
G m ade beforehand
A personal co nversation
H to receive co m m u n ica tio n from a cu sto m e r
B inelude th e referral
I
to be lo st o r fo rgo tten
C persiste nt fo llo w -u p s
J
positive fo rw a rd m ove m en t to w a rd a goal
D give o u t business cards
K to cali, em ail, o r o th erw ise c o n ta c t a cu sto m e r
O Write a word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the
underlined part.
S p eakin g
0 With a partner, act out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
1 W e m ade a lot o f positive m ove m en t to w a rd o ur sales goal.
_ r ____ e s _
0
2
I w ill give new Inform ation to th e custom er.
u _ d ____
3
W e talked a b o u t th e pnce b e fo re h a n d .
p _ _ v ____ s _ _
4
That is th e a pp roxim ate orice o f th e car.
e__i
í í Listen and read the em ail again. H ow do you
establish trust in a fo llo w -u p em ail w ith th e custom er?
Listening
0
® Listen to a conversation b e tw een a salesperson and
a custom er. C hoose th e co rre ct answ ers.
1 W hy does th e m an cali th e w om an?
A to create a sales lead
B to check on a customer
C to give a car price estímate
D to update the Client on sale prices
2
H ow will th e speakers m ake c o n ta c t again?
W riting
A th e w om a n w ill cali a fte r exam lnlng her expenses
0
B th e m an w ill cali if he can reduce th e estím ate to p ick up
th e keys
C th e m an w ill d rop o ff his buslness card at her o ffice
D th e w om a n w ill co m e to th e d ealershlp
0
Use the em ail and th e
conversation from Task 8 to
w rite an em ail from a cu sto m er
to th e dealership. Inelude: her
experien ce w ith the
salesperson, her decisión to
buy the car, and her next steps.
$ Listen again and c o m p le te th e conversation.
S alesperson:
0
C ustom er:
S alesperson:
C ustom er:
S alesperson:
C ustom er:
S alesperson:
C ustom er:
S alesperson:
Vmcalling to follow up on our 1 ____ from
th ls w eekend. Do you have a m inute?
Yes, sure.
Great. I ju s t w a n te d to 2 ______________ th e offer w e
d iscu ssed previously.
The estím ate w a s 3 _______, right?
Yes th a t is correct. W hat are y o u r th o u g h ts a b o u t the
offer?
I’ve been 4 ______________________ w ith m y fam ily.
Have you c o m e to a 5 _______yet?
N ot quite. W e’re still 6 ______________ o ur expenses.
T h a t’s p erfe ctly fine. Take y o u r tim e.
23
*| ‘| Sales 3
Get ready!
R eading
0
© Read th e c o m m e n t board. Then, choose
th e co rre ct answ ers.
B efore you read the passage, ta lk about
th es e questions.
1 W hat are som e fa c to rs th a t cause a buyer to be
hesitant?
2
1
W hat is th e m ain idea o f th e post?
A to get tip s fo r sealing a deal
W hat are som e w ays to co nvince a hesitant
buyer?
B to co m p a re m etho d s o f avoiding resistance
C to suggest w ays to get a m anager’s approval
D to request advice fo r attracting new business
2
W hy does a salesm an recom m end m entioning
th e car title?
A to define th e te rm s o f th e loan financing
B to ca pitalize on th e b u ye r’s kn ow le d ge o f car
sales
C to m otívate th e m anager to give approval to
th e seller
D to use th e b u ye r’s desire fo r o w n ersh ip
3
W hat is NOT a su gg e stio n m ade in th e posts?
A ask th e buyer w h a t he w a n ts from th e deal
B send a lette r offering to hand over keys
C explain to th e buyer th e features o f th e deal
D ask fo r th e b u ye r’s signature
Original Thread: Help closing deais.
Posting Date: January14
Assistance please! I need some tips on how to cióse
better. My only trick now is the test drive. Any advice is
welcom e!
- Mike S.
Replies:
Vocabulary
© M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-9) w ith the
definitions (A-l).
I find it really effective to capitalize on a person’s desire
for ownership. If you tell them they can walk away with
the car title in their hands, they m ight be more ready to
com m it.
- John K.
If my Client is showing resistance, I always ask them,
“ what will it take fo r you to buy this car right now ?” That
m otivates them to really think about what they w ant
from the deal
- Mary T.
I always try to seal the deal during the *irst m eeting. If I
can’t do that, I send them a letter saying w e ve reacty to
hand over the keys to the car. That puts them n charge
of making a decisión. It w orks well fo r me.
- Greg N.
I like to tell my custom ers, “You can drive this car home
right now. All you have to give us is your signature.”
- Alanna W.
If the custom er w o n ’t com m it, I ask fo r the m anager’s
approval to write a check for $1000. I tell them they can
think it over. But when they are ready to buy the car, we
will give them this check. That is pretty convincing.
- Rick S.
24
title
6 __resistance
cióse
7 __ca pitalize on
deal
8 __ ch eck
seal
9 __keys
hand over
A to give o w n ersh ip o f a vehicle to som eone else
B h esitation o r refusal to a cce p t an o ffe r
C sm all pie ces o f m etal used to open th e lo ck o f a
vehicle
D a ' ~en o rd e r fo r a bank to pay o u t o f the
w rite rs a cco u n t
E a claim o f o w n ersh ip over a vehicle
F to co m p le te or secure som ething
G to ta ke advantage o f som ething
H an agreem ent betw een a seller and a buyer
I
to finalize som ething
Q Write a word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the
underlined part.
S p eakin g
0 With a partner, act out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
1 W e w a n t to finalize as m any deais as possible th is w eekend.
__ o s _
2
3
4
0
You should ta ke advantaae o f th e c u s to m e r’s desire fo r
ow nershlp.
c ____ t ______ e
USE LA NG U AG E S U C H AS:
Have yo u c lo s e d ...?
A lw ays capitallze o n ...
W e c a n ’t m ove fo rw a rd w ith o u t yo ur a are em e n t.
a _ _ r ______
W hat s h o u ld I d o ?
W e are ready to aive you th e keys to y o u r new car.
h ____
o_
S tudent A: You are a salesperson.
Talk to S tu d en t B about:
íJ Listen and read the c o m m e n t board again. W h a t are
several w ays in w hich a salesperson can a tte m p t to seal
th e deal?
Listening
0
$ Listen to a conversation b e tw een a salesperson and
a m anager. C hoose th e co rre ct answ ers.
•
a deal
•
p roblem s w ith one buyer
•
h o w you have trie d to cióse
th e deal
S tu d en t B. You are a manager.
Talk to S tu d en t A a b o u t closing
ta ctics.
1 W hat is the conve rsatio n m ainly about?
A dealing w ith a c u s to m e r th a t is sh ow in g resistance
B g etting a m an a ge r’s approval fo r a p rice reduction
C d ecidin g to reject a deal offered by a cu sto m e r
2
D helping a c u sto m e r se le ct th e b est ca r fo r him
W riting
W hat w ill m etho d w om an m ost likely try next?
0
A ta king th e b uye r on a te s t drive
B let the buyer ta ke th e p ap e rw o rk hom e
C w rite a ch e c k fo r a fe w hundred dollars
D tell th e b uye r he will n ot fin d a b e tte r deal
*
0
W Listen again and c o m p lete the conversation.
M an ager:
S alesperson:
M anager:
Salesperson:
M an ager:
Salesperson:
Ann, have you close d th a t 1 _______yet?
No. H e’s had fo u r te s t drlves already. But
I c a n ’t g et him to co m m it.
Yeah, he seem s like h e ’s show ing a lot o f 2 _______.
W h a t’s th e problem ?
He th in k s he can g et a b e tte r deal 3 ______________ .
I see. W hat closing 4 _______have you tried ?
I’ve tried offerlng him th e 5 _______. I’ve also tried to
hand o ver th e keys.
M an ager:
G ood. A lw ays 6 ______________ a b u ye r’s desire fo r
ow nershlp.
S alesperson:
Instead, he w a n ts m e to low er th e price by $1000.
Use the c o m m e n t board and
th e conversation from Task 8 to
w rite a sales journal. Inelude:
closing ta ctics, dealing w ith
resistance, w h a t yo u ’ll do
different next tim e.
12
Negotiating
SUNSET CAR SALES
bargain
Employee M anual
S e ctio n 9
good gas
mileage
The art of negotiating is a difficult but extremely ¡mportant part of auto sales. Of
course, certain parts of a deal are non-negotiable, such as taxes. But a
salesperson must consider negotiating with the customer her most ¡mportant
task.
It is ¡mportant that the customer feels he is getting a good deal.
To accomplish this, you can bargain with him by reducing the price. You can
also inelude certain accessories. Every so often, the dealership can take a loss
on small Ítems in order to make the customer happy. That is a trade-off in
negotiating a sale.
If the customer creates a confrontation with you, always work toward a
compromise. Be calm at all times. Explain to them what they want, what we
can offer, and then how you can meet in the middle. If he continúes to argüe,
back down. Don’t waste your energy with someone who wants to fight.
Always anticípate what the customer’s next move will be. Try to offer them
what they want before they say it.
The customer may want to walk away from the deal. At this point it is okay to
put a little pressure on him. Tell him that your offer may not last forever.
V o cab u lary
0
G et ready!
O B efore you read th e passage, ta lk
about th ese questions.
M a tch th e w ords or phrases (1-10) w ith the
definitions (A-J).
*
1 W h at are som e w a ys to n eg o tiate w ith a
buyer?
2
W hy is n egotiating an ¡m portant part o f
sales?
__tra d e -o ff
6 __n on -ne g otia b le
__loss
7 __offer
__b ack dow n
8 __inelude
__co m p ro m ise
9 __w a lk aw ay from
__a nticíp a te
10 __pressure
A persuasión used to create a sense o f urgeney
26
R eading
B to reject som ething
0
C to present som ething
Read the m anual. Then, m ark the
following statem ents as true (T) or
false (F).
D a balance betw een tw o inco m p a tib le aspeets o f a deal
E to s to p fig h tin g fo r som ething
F to im agine so m e th ing w ¡ o c c u r before it does
1 __Bargaining often involves low ering
ta xe s on a car.
G to m ake som ething p art o f a w h o le or set
2 __Taking a loss on accesso rie s is an
a c c e p ta b le tra d e -o ff in a c a r deal.
H an agreem ent in w h ich both parties m ake certain
conce ssio n s
3 __The m anual reco m m en d s not
backing d o w n from co nfro n ta tion s.
I
a negative net incom e
J
ca nn o t be changed or co nteste d
O Write a word or phrase that is similar in meaning to the
underlined part.
S p eakin g
0
1 The buver w ill aive up fia h tin a fo r th e sale.
_a__
d ____
0
2
M ake sure to add som e accessories to seal th e deai.
¡ ____ u _ _
3
The seller a ppears q uite c o m p o s e d .
c __ m
4
She m ight reject yo ur proposal.
__l_
__ay
__o_
S tu d en t A: You are a salesm an.
Talk to S tu d en t B about:
£> Listen and read the m anual again. W hen is it okay for
a c a r dealership to ta k e a loss?
Listening
0
Listen to a conversation b e tw een a salesm an and a
m anager. C ho ose the co rre ct answ ers.
1
With a partner, act out the
roles below based on Task 7.
Then, switch roles.
•
a d ifficu lt Client
•
neg o tiatlo ns
•
closlng th e deal
S tu d e n t B You are a manager.
Talk to S tu d e n t A a b o u t m aking a
sale.
W hat problem ¡s th e m an dealing w ith?
A a Client w a lked aw ay fro m a sale
B a c u sto m e r started a loud co nfro n ta tion
C a c u sto m e r w ill n ot a c c e p t any co m p ro m ise
2
D a c u s to m e r d em a nd s a n on -n e g o tia b le co m p ro m ise
W riting
W h at does th e w om a n recom m end?
0
A rem lnd th e Client a b o u t free m aintenance
B offer th e Client a speclal o ne -d a y pnce
C provlde th e Client w ith a 100,000 m lle w a rran ty
D w arn th e Client a b o u t o th e r buyers interested in th e car
O
Use the m anual and the
conversation from Task 8 to
w rite an em ail to a colleague.
Inelude: experien ce w ith
difficult custom ers, negotiation
tactics, and how to put
pressure on a buyer.
íJ Listen again and co m p le te th e conversation.
S alesm an:
M anager:
l’m dealing w ith a very difficult custom er rlght now.
H ow is he being d ifficu lt?
S alesm an:
W ell, every tim e I o ffe r him a 1 _______, it ju s t ¡sn’t good
enough.
M an ager:
I see. So h e ’s being s tu b b o rn ? Have you tried 2 _______
the p nce by $150?
S alesm an:
Yes, l’ve tried that. Then he started asking fo r 3 _______
th a t I co uld not ¡nelude.
M anager:
Okay. Does he seem llke he 4 _______to buy a car?
S alesm an:
Yes, b ut he keeps threatening to 5 ______________
_______th e deal.
M an ager: Then you need to p ut som e 6 _______on him.
27
13
0
Financing 1
B efore you read the passage, ta lk about
th es e questions.
0
1 W hat are som e d ifferent fin an cin g o p tio n s fo r a
person buying a car?
R ead th e prom otional póster. Then, choose
th e co rre ct answ ers.
1 W hat ¡s th e p urpose o f th e póster?
A to c o n vin ce th e reader to buy a car
2 W h at inform a tio n is needed fo r a ca r dealer to
p rovide a loan to a buyer?
B to explain fin an cin g p rin cip ies
C to co m p a re fin an cin g o p tio n s
D to o ffe r cred it re po rts fo r a fee
W hat is special a b o u t th is sale a ccord in g to the
advertisem ent?
A buyers receive cash back
B th e cars are inexpensive
C th e fin an cin g is fle xib le
D th e cars are new
3
W hat is NO T required fo r loan q ua lifica tion ?
A a jo b
C a ch ecking a cco u n t
B a c re d it card
D residency
down payment
20%
720-759
V o cab u lary
do
C4r
2000
750 and up
0
R ead th e sentence pairs. C hoose w hich
w ord or phrase best fits each blank.
1
cred it repo rt / loan
A A _____________________________ sh ow s a
p e rso n ’s b orro w ing and repaying history.
Special
cii
B W hen a buyer does not have enough cash
fo r a purchase, she can a p p ly fo r a
2
cred it rating / checking a cco u n t
A Cash in th e bank is ty p ica lly held in a
Now is the time to purchase a new car from Wallace Auto Center.
This weekend we are offering special flexible financing with the
best terms of the season. If you have been waiting for the best
deais of the year, now is your chance to buy.
Short on cash? You can drive home a new car with only five
percent down payment and one percent interest for 36 months.
That’s right: only five percent down!
Apply for this special financing offer online to see if you qualify. We
will determine your credit rating for free. And even if your credit
rating is less than perfect, you may still qualify for this special offer.
You must have a job, a checking account, and have lived in your
current residence for at least one year. Even if you have been
denied financing from us in the past, you may qualify for this new
special offer.
Don’t be afra c to take advantage of our seller loan program. Come
in today and let js obtain your credit report. You could drive home
a new car from Wa ace Acto Center today. Don’t delay!
B A buyer ca n n o t obtain a loan w lth o u t a good
3
in terest /fin a n c in g
A W ith a sm all d ow n paym ent, th e ____________
is usually a t a higher percentage.
B Large purchases such as cars are im possible
fo r m ost buyers w ith o u t___________________ .
checking account
cash
O Read the sentence pairs.
Choose the sentence th at uses
the underlined part correctly.
1 A She a pp lie d fo r a loan
because she w a n te d to
purchase th e vehicle w ith
cash up front.
B He had enough cash fo r a
large d ow n paym ent.
2
A The te rm s o f th e financinq
w ere very favo ra b le to the
buyer.
B He had to pay a dow n
p avm e nt at th e end o f the
loan period.
3
A
His c re d it h istorv w a s poor,
so the b an k a pp rove d his
loan a pp lica tion .
B The interest on the loan w as
high, so she increased her
d ow n paym ent.
0
í i Listen and read the
prom otional póster again. W hat
are the term s of the special
financing prom otion offered by
the W allace Auto Center?
S p eakin g
© W ith a partner, a c t out th e roles b elo w based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
Listening
©
í i Listen to a c o n v e rs a ro n
b e tw een a c u s to m e r and a
salesw om an. C hoose the
c o rre c t answ ers.
1
&
H ow did th e m an hear a b o u t the
sale?
A w a lking by th e dealership
B recom m endation from a friend
C te levisió n adve rtisem e nts
D radio adve rtisem e nts
2
W h at is th e firs t thing th e m an
m ust do to q ua lify fo r financing?
A co m p le te a c u s to m e r survey
B provide cash d ow n paym ent
C pass a c re d it te st
D open a ch ecking a c c o u n t
W riting
© Use th e prom otional póster and the conversation from
Task 8 to w rite an em ail to the prospective buyer.
Inelude: a sum m ary of th e conversation you had w ith
th e buyer, suggestions fo r his next step to w ard s his
purchase, and m ore Inform ation a b o u t financing.
29
G e t ready!
d
Com pound
B efore you read th e passage,
ta lk a b o u t th es e questions.
Principie
h
1 W h a t are som e o f th e c o s ts involved
in b uying a c a r on credit?
2
W h at are th e b en e fits and risks
involved w ith b uying a c a r on credit?
Interest
r f mf f r W W r f fT T T Í nm i n '
Dear Mrs. Mills,
Thank you fo r your recent appllcation fo r flnancing from W allace Auto
Center. We are pleased to ¡nform you o f th e approval o f your
application fo r financlng. The follow ing are th e baslc term s o f the
financlng we have agreed upon.
This ¡s a legally binding contract between th e buyer and W allace Auto
Center. Please read carefully. If you have any questions, please
co ntact o ur credit departm ent before signing.
You have been approved fo r 20% dow n w ith 36 payments. These
paym ents will be pald monthly. The APR will be set at 11 %.
Payments will be made on the 14th o f each month. Missed payments
w ill ¡ncur a late fee o f $25. A fter a total o f five missed payments, the
interest will becom e com pound for the remainder o f the term .
If you decide to pay o ff the remainder o f th e loan before this term
has ended, you will incur an early paym ent penalty o f 5% o f the
principie loan amount.
Any breach of these term s m ay result in legal action on behalf of
Wallace Auto Center.
By signing below you acknowledge that you understand and agree
to the above term s and finance charges.
S ign atura .
Date
R eading
0
loan
repaid
early
R ead th e approval letter. Then, choose
th e c o rre c t answ ers.
early
payment
penalty
1 W h ich is NO T a p a rt o f th e fin an ce te rm s in
th e letter?
A 2 0 % d ow n p aym e nt
0
B 19% APR
C 36 m onth te rm
D $25 late fee
2
V o cab u lary
M a tc h th e w ords or phrases (1 -6) w ith th e
definitions (A-F).
1 __approval
2 __p aym e nt
W h at p ercentage o f th e p rin cip ie ¡s th e
early p aym e nt penalty?
A 5%
C 8%
B 6%
D 10%
early pa ym e n t p enalty
^
3 __m o n th ly
4 __early paym ent penalty
5 ___ late fee
6 __p rin cip ie
A a fe e ca used b y p aylng o ff a loan before th e te rm is
c o m p le te d
B p aid o n ce every m on th
3 W h a t w ill h appen if th e b o rro w e r m isses a
to ta l o f five p aym ents?
A her loan w ill d efau lt
B th e intere st w ill b eco m e c o m p o u n d
C th e interest rate w ill ju m p to 15%
D th e p rin c ip ie a m o u n t w ill ¡ncrease
C a recurring a m o u n t o f m oney paid to a lender,
u sually m on th ly
D th e a c t o f a cc e p tln g a b o rro w e r’s a p p lica tio n fo r
fin a n cin g
E a fe e caused by m issing a d ea d line on a p aym e nt
F an original loan a m o u n t th a t d oe s n o t inelude
interest
O Write a word or phrase that is
similar in meaning to the
underlined part.
1 The interest perce ntaa e w as
favo ra b le fo r her loan.
A __
2
l’m trying to pay dow n the
interest I paid on th e prin cip ie
plus th e a ccum u la te d in te re st.
__m_ou__
3
The lenath o f tim e fo r th e loan
w a s 36 m onths.
t_ _ m
4
All o f the co s ts o f b orro w ina hurt
m y bank a c c o u n t ¡n th e end.
_ n _ n __
c__r__s
O
$ Listen again and complete the conversaron.
Buyer: T h at’s a great idea. W e’re talking about a 20%
1 ______________ , right?
Finance O fficer:
Buyer:
Finance O fficer:
Buyer:
T h a t’s right. It’s a lot, b ut it’ll really 2 _______you
in th e long run.
Ok. A nd there will be 30 paym ents?
36 paym e nts actually. 3 years.
Oh th a t’s right, I rem em ber now. And w h a t w as
th e 3 _______rate?
Finance O fficer: APR will be 11 % . Ju st m ake sure you 4 _______
Buyer: Are there 5 _______if I m iss m y paym ents?
Finance O fficer:
U nfortunately, yes. There w ill be a 6 ______
_______o f $25 fo r each m lssed paym ent.
Buyer: O oh, yeah, I w a n t to avold that.
©
$ Listen and read the
approval letter again. C alcúlate
th e fin an ce charg es if you
w a n te d to purchase a car for
$20,000.
Listening
©
$ Listen to a conversation
b e tw e e n a buyer and a finance
officer. C hoose th e co rrect
answ ers.
S p eakin g
© W ith a partner, a c t out the roles below based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
1ju s t w a n t to be sure o f ...
W hy d o n ’t we s ta r t... ?
W hat does th a t m ean?
1 W h at does th e m an w arn the
buyer about?
A buylng a ca r on credit
B m isslng a paym ent
C a sm all d ow n paym ent
D buylng a used car
2
W hat ¡s th e m ain reason the
w om an has approached the man?
A to change th e te rm s o f the
loan
B to c o n te s t a m issed paym ent
C to get clarificatlo n on the
te rm s o f th e loan
D to get a re co m m en d atlo n fo r
a financial advlsor
W riting
© Use the approval letter and the conversation from Task 8
to w rite an em ail to a financial advisor. Inelude: a
description of your experience w ith th e finance officer
at th e c a r dealership, the term s of th e financing you
have agreed upon, and w hy you w a n t advice.
15
Used Car Sales
G e t ready!
O B efore you read th e passage, ta lk
ab o u t th ese questions.
1 W hat are som e th in g s a buyer should
kn ow a b o u t a used or p re-o w n ed car
before buying?
2
«/»
UJ
W hat are som e d iffe re n t w ays to
evalúate th e co n d itio n o f a used car?
This
Weekend
Only!—
Weatherford Used Cars
and Trucks is having its
biggest sale of the year. Up
to 20% off regular price.
You have to see these
deais to believe them.
k
All cars and trucks are certlfied pre-owned and come with
full manufacturer warrantles. Every single vehicle has been
assessed by top quality third-party inspectors. You’ll know
exactly what you’re buying.
The valué of our pre-owned vehlcles ¡s guaranteed. Find a
better deal fo r the valué of the car and we will beat ¡t, no
questions asked.
Do you have a trade-in? No problem. Brlng in your used
vehicle, no matter its condition—poor, good, or excellent.
If you bring in your used car, you’ll get an extra $300 cash
back towards the purchase of a new pre-owned car or truck.
That’s right—an extra $300 for a used car ¡n any condition.
We provide full history reports, including dam age history,
repalr history, and accident history. If one of our vehicles ever
had a small dent, we will make sure you know about it.
You can buy from us knowing our pre-owned vehicles will
have the best resale valué on the market.
But you have to a ct now. This sale w o n ’t last long!
HHHHHHi
R eading
V o cab u lary
© R ead th e advertisem ent. Then, choose th e
co rre ct answ ers.
©
M atch th e w ords or phrases (1-10) w ith the
definitions (A-J).
__resale valué
6 __pre-o w n ed
A it will m atch any deal
__p oo r
7 __history
B it p rovlde s a partial h istory o f each car
__good
8 __a ccid e n t
C It offers $500 cash b on u s fo r tra d e -in s
__excellent
9 __dent
D it a c c e p ts cars ¡n any co n d itio n
__ assess
10 _
W hat is n ot claim ed by th e advertisem ent?
b elo w average
j
1 W hat ¡s true o f th e dealership?
2
3
A all ve hicles are certified
B a r . p -y s ic a l harm caused th a t reduces valué
B best resale valué vehlcles
C average
C o w n er h istory w ith every vehicle
D th e valué fo r w h ich a used vehicle m ight be sold
D 2 0% o ff regular price
E a c ra s '' ".o lv in g one or m ore vehlcles
W ho has assessed th e vehlcles?
F th e .e h ic le ’s past, Including repairs, a ccidents,
and ow n ers
A tra de -in specialists
B ce rtified used ca r salespersons
C a ccid e n t h istory sp ecialists
D th ird -p a rty insp ectors
32
dam age
G a bo ve average, nearly p erfect
H a sm all m ark or im pression caused by forcé
I
to evalúate the valué o f a car
J
a ca r th a t has been insp ected and certified
O Write a word or phrase that is
similar in meaning to the
underlined part.
1 The g ua litv o f th e ca r w as
e xcellent so w e b o u g h t ¡t.
__ n ___ t ___ n
2
The dealer had som e o utsid e
q ro u p assess th e vehicle.
t__r_
p_r__
4
All o f the cars b rou ah t in fo r
exchanae w ere in good
co nd itio n .
__ a d _ -_ n s
0
«9
Listen again and complete the conversation.
M an ag er: The sale has been great fo r business. We sold
1 _______- _______ p re-o w n ed cars.
O w ner:
T h a t’s great! W hat a b o u t 2 _______- _______ ?
M an ager:
Ju st a fe w tra de -ins. M ost o f th e m are in g o o d 3 ______
too.
O w ner:
I sp oke w ith one c u sto m e r p ersonally w h o se ca r had a
lot o f 4 _______.
The price o f th e ca r ¡s low, but
l’m afraid ¡ts w o rth is m uch less.
v__u_
3
5
0
M anager:
O w ner:
M anager:
O w ner:
Before I b o u g h t m y car, it w as
ow n ed bv m v best frie n d .
_s__
c__
Yeah I rem em ber her. We 5 __
gave her th e $300 cash.
_ t h e valué and still
G ood. The m ost im p o rta n t th in g is 6 .
o ur custom ers.
w ith
I agree. A nd she d ecide d to buy a new ca r fro m us th a t
sam e day.
Do you see w h a t I m ean? G reat w ork.
S p eakin g
Q Listen and read the
a d v e rtisem en t again. H ow
can a buyer be confid en t in the
dea! offered by th e dealership?
0
W ith a partner, a c t out th e roles b elo w based on Task 7.
Then, sw itch roles.
Listening
0
Q Listen to a conversation
b e tw een a m a n a g e r and an
ow ner. C hoose th e c o rrect
answ ers.
1 W h at does th e man say is the
m ost ¡m portant thing?
A building tru s t
B m aking a sale
C ensuring p rofits
D preserving a reputation
2
W hat w ere m any cu stom e rs
im pressed by?
A the tra d e -in cash bonus
B the p rom ise to beat a better
deal
C a cce p tin g tra d e -in s o f any
co nd itio n
W riting
0
U se the ad vertisem en t and the conversation from Task 8
to w rite an em ail from a dealership o w n er to his sales
te a m . Inelude: a sum m ary of w e e ke n d sales, goals of
the com pany, and ¡m provem ents for n ex ttim e .
D the a m o u n t o f cars available
33
a c c id e n t [N -C 0 U N T -U 1 5] An a cc id e n t is a crash ¡nvolving one or m ore vehicles.
acco u n ts payable [N -C O U N T-U 8] A cco u n ts payable is a d e b t o f m oney th a t a co m p a n y ow es its suppliers.
a cc o u n ts receivable [N-U NCO UN T-U8] A ccounts receivable is m oney o w ed to a co m p a n y fo r p ro d u cts sold on
credit, and can be seen as asset.
a c tu a to r [N-COUNT-U4] An a c tu a to r su pp lie s p ow er to a ro b o tic m anipulator.
analyze [V-T-U3] To analyze is to stu d y so m e th ing e xtensively in an e ffo rt to d escribe or co m p re he nd it.
a n tic íp a te [V-T-U12] To an tic íp a te so m e th ing is to im agine it w ill o c c u r before it does.
a p p e a ra n c e [N -U N C O U N T-U 9] A p p ea ran ce is the overall o utsid e m anner and style o f a person.
apply [V-T-U13] To apply fo r so m e th ing is to m ake a fo rm al request fo r it.
apply [V-T-U3] To apply a process, rule, or te ch n iq u e is to use it.
ap p o in tm e n t [N -U N C O U N T-U 9] An ap p o in tm e n t is a set, scheduled tim e fo r an event.
approval [N -U N C O U N T-U 7] A pproval is an a ct o f agreeing to so m ething.
A P R [N -U C O U N T-U 14] A PR is th e annualized percentage rate o f interest on a loan.
assem bly [N -C O U N T-U 4] A ssem bly is th e process o f p utting elem ents o f a p ro d u c t together.
assem bly line [N -C O U N T-U 2] An assem bly line is a system o f p utting a p ro d u c t to g e th e r in w h ich th e Ítem passes
th rou g h d iffe re n t stages. Each stage has a s p e cific ta s k and a dd s or co m p le te s som e a sp e ct o f th e p roduct.
assess [V-T-U3] To assess so m e th ing is to look at it carefully and m ake a ju d g m e n t on it.
assets [N -C O U N T-U 8] A ssets are anything o f valué th a t can be co nve rte d into cash or o th erw ise invested to gain
profit.
a u to rac k [N -CO U NT-U 7] An auto rack is a fre ig h t ca r th a t is used to tra n s p o rt cars and tru cks.
auto tra n s p o rt [N -U N C O U N T-U 5] A uto tra n s p o rt is th e a ct or process o f delivering a uto m o b ile s from th e fa c to ry to
dealerships.
a u to m a tio n [N -C O U N T-U 4] A u to m ation is th e process in w h ich m echanical or e le ctro nic devices replace hum an
efforts.
b a ck d ow n [V-I-U12] To b a ck dow n from so m e th ing is to sto p fig h tin g fo r it.
balan ce sheet [N -C O U N T-U 8] A b a la n c e s h e e t is a d o cu m e n t th a t sh ow s an analysis o f a b u sin e ss’s assets,
liabilities, and o w n e r’s equity.
bargain [V-I-U12] To bargain w ith a c u sto m e r is to neg o tiate w ith them .
benchm arking [N-U NCO UN T-U3] B enchm arking is th e process o f d e te rm r r g the sta n da rds fo r o n e ’s business
p ractices. This is done by exam ining th e sta n da rds set by o th e r c o m p a r es .v ~ n and o u tsid e o f o n e ’s industry.
b est p ractice [N -C O U N T-U 3] A b e s t p ra c tic e is a system th a t is successfui m ore o fte n than any o th e r m ethod o f
doing som ething.
bi-level [AD J-U 7] If a fre ig h t ca r is bi-level, it has tw o levels.
business card [N -C O U N T-U 10] A business card is a sm all card contain -g a c e rs o n ’s business inform ation.
34
CAD [N -U N C 0 U N T -U 1 ] CAD is c o m p u te r-a id e d design.
calm [A D J-U 12] If a person ¡s c a lm , he/she is co m p o se d , quiet, and not sh ow in g nervousness.
cap italize on [V -I-U 1 1] To cap italize on so m e th ing is to take adva n ta ge o f it.
carrier [N -C O U N T-U 6] A c arrie r is a co m p a n y th a t provide s tra n s p o rta ro n Services.
cash [N -C O U N T-U 13] C a sh is hard m oney in coins or notes, ra th e rth a n in credit.
c h e c k [N -C O U N T-U 11] A c h e c k is a w ritte n o rde r fo r a bank to pay o u t o f th e w rite r’s a ccou nt.
c h e c k on [V-T-U10] To c h e c k on a c u sto m e r is to exam ine his or her co nd itio n .
ch eckin g a cco u n t [N -C O U N T-U 13] A checking a cc o u n t is a bank a c c o u n t w ith a cash balance.
C IP (C arriag e and In surance Paid To) [N -U N U N C O U N T-U 6] C IP (C arriag e and In surance Paid To) is w hen th e
seller pays fo r carriage and insurance b ut th e buyer assum es th e risk.
class A s u rfa c e [N -C O U N T-U 1] A class A surface is a su rface design e d to be b oth aesthe tic and fu n ctio n al.
clay m odeling [N -U N C O U N T-U 1] C lay m odeling is th e art o f fo rm in g a ca r design out o f clay.
cióse [V-T-U11] To cióse a deal is to finalize it.
co lo r and trim design [N -CO U NT-U 1] A co lo r and trim design is a plan fo r th e m aterials and co lo rs o f a car.
c o m fo rt [N -U N C O U N T-U 9] C o m fo rt is th e level o f ease a person feels in a given situation.
c o m p are [V-T-U3] To c o m p are tw o o r m ore th in g s is to look at them and fin d th e ir sim ilarities and differences.
c o m p etitive b e n c h m a rk [N -C O U N T-U 3] A c o m p etitive b e n c h m a rk is a standard set by co m p a rin g a b u sin e ss’
p ra ctice s to th o se o f a co m p e tito r.
com p o u n d [A D J-U 14] If interest is com p ound, it is paid on th e p rin cip ie plus th e interest accum u la te d.
c o m p ro m ise [N-CO UNT-U12] A co m p ro m ise is an agreem ent in w h ich both parties m ake certain co ncessions.
c o n c e p t sketch [N -C O U N T-U 1] A c o n c ep t sketch is a rough d raw in g o f a car.
condition [N -U N C O U N T-U 15] C o n d itio n is th e q ua lity or physical State o f a car.
co nfro ntation [N -C O U N T-U 12] A c o n fro n ta tio n is a h ostile m eeting betw een tw o parties.
c o n ta c t [N -U N C O U N T-U 9] A c o n ta d is a know n person w ith w h o m an a ssociate can co m m u n ic a te w ith.
c o n ta d inform ation [N-U NCO UN T-U10] C o n ta c t in fo rm a tio n s a p erson's ñam e, phone num ber, m ailing address,
and o r em ail address.
*
co n ta in e r ship [N -C O U N T-U 5] A c o n tain er ship is a large ship design e d to s tc 'e - :e " ^ o d a l containe rs and w hich
tra n s p o rts large a m o u nts o f cargo.
control unit [N-COUNT-U4] A control unit refers to any set o f sim p le or c o m p le x sv. -:coes js e ti :o control the
m ovem ents and a ction s o f a robot.
cost [N -U N C O U N T-U 7] The c o st is th e price the dealer pays fo r th e car.
c o st of sales [N -U N C O U N T-U 8] C o s t of s a le s is th e expense figure fo r th e c o s ts o f inve ntory th a t a co m p a n y has
sold over a given period. These c o s ts inelude m aterial purchases. p ro d u ctio n co sts, and th e tra n s p o rt o f all g oo d s
sold.
35
Glossary
C P T (C arriage Paid To) [N -U N C O U N T-U 6] C P T (C arriage Paid To) is w hen th e seller pays fo r carriage b ut th e buyer
assum es th e risk.
credit history [N -C O U N T-U 13] A c re d it h is to ry is a buyers record o f b orro w ing and repaying money.
credit rating [N -C O U N T-U 13] A c red it rating is a b orro w e rs tru s tw o rth in e s s to b orro w and repay a loan based on his
or her c re d it history.
credit repo rt [N -C O U N T-U 13] A c red it rep o rt is th e c re d it h istory inform a tio n p rovided by a c re d it bureau.
d a m a g e [N -C O U N T-U 15] D a m a g e is any physical harm caused th a t reduces valué.
DAP (D elivered a t Place) [N -U N C O U N T-U 6] DAP (D elivered at Place) is w hen th e seller pays fo r all carriage e xcep t
fo r im p o rt clearance and assum es risk until g o o d s are ready to be unloaded by th e buyer.
DAT (D elivered a t Term inal) [N -U N C O U N T-U 6] DAT (D elivered a t Term inal) is w hen th e seller pays fo r all carriage
e x c e p t fo r im p o rt clearance and assum es risk until g o o d s are unloaded at th e term inal o r port.
D D P (D elivered D uty Paid) [N -U N C O U N T-U 6] D D P (D elivered D uty Paid) is w hen th e seller pays fo r everything
¡ncluding carriage and im p o rt clearance.
deal [N -C O U N T-U 11] A d e a l is an agreem ent betw een a seller and a buyer.
d eg ree of fre e d o m [N -C O U N T-U 4] The d eg ree of fre e d o m is one o f th e six basic m otio n s o f a ro b o t arm and body.
d en t [N -C O U N T-U 15] A d e n t is a sm all m ark o r im pression caused by forcé.
design [N -C O U N T-U 1] A design is a d raw ing or plan th a t sh ow s th e lo o k and fu n c tio n o f so m ethlng.
d estination charge [N -U N C O U N T-U 7] A destination c h arg e is a fee add e d because o f th e c o s t o f sh ip pin g th e car
fro m th e m an u fa ctu re r to th e dealer.
d iscount [N -C O U N T-U 7] A d iscount is a sum o f m oney reduced fro m th e s tic k e r price.
distribution [N -U N C O U N T-U 6] D istribution is th e a ct o f su pp lyin g g o o d s to d ea lerships to resell.
dow n paym en t [N -C O U N T-U 13] A dow n paym en t is cash paid up fro n t fo r so m e th ing b o u g h t on credit.
early paym en t penalty [N -C O U N T-U 14] An early p a ym e n t penalty is a fee caused by paying o ff th e entire loan before
th e full term has been co m p leted .
effective [A D J-U 9] If an a ction is e ffe c tiv e , it p rod uce s a su cce ssfu l, desirable result.
enclosed trá iler [N -C O U N T-U 5] An e nclosed trá ile r has solid w alls on each side.
e n d -e ffe c to r [N -C O U N T-U 4] An e n d -e ffe c to r is th e useable device a t th e end o f th e m anipulator.
estím a te [N -C O U N T-U 10] An e s tím a te is an a p p ro xim a te num ber.
exc e lle n t [A D J-U 1 5] If som e th ing is e x c e lle n t it is a b o ve average, nearty p erfect.
exterio r design [N -C O U N T-U 1] An e x te rio r d e s ig n is a p ia r
r e k x x a~d fu n c tio n o f th e o u tsid e o f a car.
E XW (Ex W orks) [N -U N C O U N T-U 6] EXW (Ex W o rk s ) is when th e " a ^ f a c t u r e r m akes its cars available fo r co llectio n
on its prem ises.
FCA (Free C arrier) [N -U N C O U N T-U 6] FC A (Free C arrier) is w hen a seller pays to hand over g o o d s to th e first carrler.
fin an ce charge [N -C O U N T-U 14] A fin an ce c h arg e is the c o s t o f acquiring fin an cin g such as c re d it o r a loan.
36
financing [N -U N C 0 U N T -U 1 3] Financing is an arrangem ent to p rovide fu n d s fo r a purchase.
first im pression [N -U N C 0 U N T -U 9 ] A first im pression is th e initial feeling a person has w hen he o r she e ncounters
a no th e r person.
fixed assets [N -CO U NT-U 8] Fixed assets are physical th in g s o f valué th a t are used fo r p ro d u ctio n o f g o o d s b u t are
n ot easily co nve rte d to cash, such as property, fa cto rie s, and m achinery.
flo w line [N -C O U N T-U 4] A flo w line co n sists o f sp e c ia l-p u rp o s e m achines arranged in se qu e nce to perform a series
o f operations.
fo llo w up on [V-T-U10] To fo llo w u p on a lead is to co n tin u é sales e ffo rts th a t have already been started.
functional b e n ch m ark [N -CO U NT-U 3] A functional b e n ch m ark is a standard set by co m p a rin g o n e ’s core business
processes, such as billing o r hum an resource processes, to th o se o f ano th e r co m p a n y in th e sam e ¡ndustry.
g e n e ra te [V-T-U9] To g e n e ra te som e th ing is to create it.
g et in to u ch [V-T-U10] To g e t in touch w ith a c u sto m e r is to cali, em ail, or o th erw ise c o n ta c t him or her.
good [A D J-U 15] If som e th ing is goo d it is average.
grap hic design [N -U N C O U N T-U 1] G raphic design is th e art o f co m b in in g im ages and inform ation.
gross pro fit [N -U N C O U N T-U 8] Gross profit is th e d ifference betw een to ta l incom e, or revenue, and th e co s ts o f
p rod u ctio n , before a cco u n tin g fo r overhead and o th e r expenses.
hand over [V-T-U11] To h a n d o v e r som e th ing is to give o w n ersh ip o f it to som eone else.
h ear b a c k from [V-T-U10] To h ear b a c k fro m a c u s to m e r is to receive c o m m u n ica tio n fro m him o r her.
history [N -U N C O U N T-U 15] H istory is th e v e h icle ’s past, including repairs, a ccid en ts, and ow ners.
hold b ack [N -C O U N T-U 7] A ho ld b ack is a sm all percentage o f th e c a r’s sales price th a t th e m an u fa ctu re r pays b ack to
th e dealer every quarter.
hydraulic [N -C O U N T-U 4] H ydraulic m achinery creates p o w e r by th e co ntro lle d m ove m en t o f flu id th rou g h hoses and
tubes.
im p le m en t [V-T-U2] To im p le m en t so m e th ing is to carry o ut a plan o r p ut it into action.
inelude [V-T-U12] To inelude som e th ing is to m ake it part o f a w h o le o r set.
in co term s [N -C O U N T-U 6] In co term s are predefined universal te rm s used in co m m e rcia l d istrib utio n .
in fluence [V-T-U9 ] To influence a person or situation is to create a strong e ffe ct upon th a t person or situation.
inquire [V-I-U9] To in q u ire is to ask m ore inform a tio n a b o u t som ething.
in surance [N -C O U N T-U 6] In surance is an arrangem ent by w h ich a co m p a n y pays fo r large losses in excha ng e fo r
p aym e nt o f a prem ium .
intangible assets [N -C O U N T-U 8] In tangible assets are nonm aterial assets. such as c o p yrig h ts, cu sto m e r lists,
know ledge, and business co nn e ctio n s.
in terest [N -U N C O U N T-U 13] In terest is a percentage o f m oney paid at regular intervals fo r using cred it or a loan,
interior design [N -C O U N T-U 1] An interior design is a plan fo r th e look and fu n c tio n o f th e inside o f a car.
37
internal b e n c h m a rk [N -C 0 U N T -U 3 ] An in ternal b e n c h m a rk is a standard set by co m p a rin g p ra ctice s in sim ilar parts
o f th e sam e organization.
inventory [N -U N C O U N T-U 2] Inventory is th e su p p ly o f m aterials used to m anufacture p rod ucís, as w ell as co m p le te d
P roducts th a t are in storage before being sh ip pe d to buyers.
in v o ic e price [N -C O U N T-U 7] An in v o ic e p ric e is th e price th e dealer pays fo r a car.
ju s t-in -tim e production [N-U NCO UN T-U2] J u s t-in -tim e production is a p ro d u ctio n te ch n iq u e th a t involves reducing
w a ste by p rod ucin g o nly w h a t is necessary at the m om e n t it is necessary. Signáis are used to indícate w hen
m aterials, lab o r o r e qu ip m e n t is needed.
keys [N -C O U N T-U 11] Keys are sm all pieces o f m etal used to open th e lo ck o f a vehicle and sta rt an engine.
late fe e [N -C O U N T-U 14] A late fe e is a fee caused by m issing the d ea d line on a paym ent.
lead [N -U N C O U N T-U 9] A lead is a person w h o is a potential Client or custom er.
lean m anu facturing [N -U N C O U N T-U 2] Lean m anu facturing is a m an u fa ctu rin g proce ss th a t fo cu se s on elim inating
w a ste in th e p ro d u ctio n proce ss and a dd ing valué to a p ro d u c t fo r consum ers.
liabilities [N -CO U NT-U 8] Liabilities are a b usine ss’s d e b ts and expenses.
lim ited [ADJ-U2] If som e th ing is lim ited, it is n ot as large as it couid p ossib ly be.
loading c o st [N -C O U N T-U 6] A loading c o st is a c o s t a ssociated w ith loading th e cars onto th e carrier.
loan [N-C O UNT-U13] A loan is a sum o f m oney b orro w e d and e xp e cte d to be paid b ack w ith interest.
loss [N -C O U N T-U 12] A loss is a negative net incom e.
m anip u lato r [N -C O U N T-U 4] The m a n ip u la to r is the arm o f a robot.
m anu facturing [N -U N C O U N T-U 2] M an u factu rin g is th e process o f assem bling p ro d u cís fo r sale.
m ark up [N-COUNT-U7] A m ark up is th e a m o u n t th e d ealer increases th e price above invoice price to m ake a profit.
m a rk e t a d ju s tm e n t [N -C O U N T-U 7] A m a rk e t a d ju s tm e n t is a change in price based on th e m arket in w h ich th e ca r is
sold.
m easu re [V-T-U3] To m easu re som e th ing is to estím ate or jud g e it based on certain criteria.
m onthly [ADV-U14] If a p aym e nt is paid m onthly, then it is paid o nce every m onth.
M S R P [N -C O U N T-U 7] An M S R P is th e m a n u fa c tu ré is sugg e sted retail price.
need s [N -U N C O U N T-U 9] The need s o f a c u sto m e r are his or her desired o u tco m e s from an encounter.
net pro fit [N -U N C O U N T-U 8] N e t profit is th e m easure o f b usine ss’s profitabílity. or th e difference betw een revenue
and to ta l expenses.
n etw orking [N -U N C O U N T-U 9] N etw o rkin g is th e h ab it o f using o n e ’s co lleagues and professional a ssociatio n s to
enhance professional success.
non -n eg o tiab le [A D J-U 12] If so m e th ing is non -n ego tiab le, it ca nn o t be changed or co nteste d .
offer [V-T-U12] To offer som e th ing is to present it.
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open trá ile r [N -C O U N T-U 5] An open trá ile r is a co ntaine r th a t has o nly a tra m e o r bed and a llow s air and w e a th er to
c o n ta c t th e Ítem s inside.
options [N -C O U N T-U 7] O ptions are features o f a ca r th a t can increase th e price such as a sun roof, leather interior,
etc.
oscillation [N -C O U N T-U 4] O scillation is vibra tion or repetitive m ove m en t as a result o f a ro b o tic m ovem ent.
outpu t [N -C O U N T-U 2] O u tpu t is th e q u a n tity o f so m e th ing th a t has been p roduced.
overhead [N -U N C O U N T-U 2] O verhead is a ty p e o f c o s t a ssociated w ith running a business and th a t does n ot lead
d ire c tly to p rofit. O verhead ineludes m aintenance, storage, rent, and u tility costs.
o verseas [AD J-U 5] If som e th ing is overseas, it is loca te d on ano th e r c o n tin e n t and requires travel o ver an ocean to
arrive at it.
o w n e r’s equity [N -U N C O U N T-U 8] O w n e r’s e q u ity is th e p ortio n o f a c o m p a n y ’s assets ow n ed by th e o w n er o f a
co m p a n y a fte r all liabilities have been a cco u n te d for.
payload [N -CO U NT-U 4] The payload is th e size o f an o b je c t th a t a ro b o t can m ove th rou g h its w o rk envelope.
paym ent [N -U N C O U N T-U 14] A paym en t is a recurring a m o u nt o f m oney paid to a lender, usually m onthly.
pitch [N -U N C O U N T-U 9] A pitch is a short, pre-rehearsed speech a b o u t th e positive effeets o f som e th ing a person is
offering.
p n eu m atic [N -CO U NT-U 4] P n e u m a tic m achinery uses pressurized gas to co ntro l m echanical m otion.
poor [A D J-U 15] If som e th ing is p oo r it is b elo w average.
pow ertrain m odeling [N -U N C O U N T-U 1] P o w ertrain m odeling is th e art o f engineering p ow ertra ins in cars.
precisión [N -C O U N T-U 4] Precisión is a m easure o f h ow w ell a ro b o t can m ove to a s p e cific point.
p re-o w n e d [A D J-U 15] If a ca r is p re-o w n e d it is a used ca r th a t has been in sp ected and certified.
pressure [N -C O U N T-U 12] Pressure is persuasión used to create a sense o f urgeney.
previously [ADV -U 10] If a deal is m ade previously, it is m ade beforehand.
pricing [N -U N C O U N T-U 7] P ric in g is th e m etho d o f d eterm ining w h a t a ca r co m p a n y will charge in excha ng e fo r its
p rod ucís.
principie [N -C O U N T-U 14] A principie is th e original a m o u nt o f a loan and w h ich does not inelude interest.
production [N -U N C O U N T-U 2] P ro d u c tio n is th e act o f m aking so m e th ing , often an Ítem th a t w ill be sold to
consum ers.
profit [N -C O U N T-U 7] Profit is th e difference betw een th e sale price and th e c o s t o f th e vehicle.
profit and loss (P&L) repo rt [N -C O U N T-U 8] A profit and loss (P&L) repo rt is a sta te m en t o f a c o m p a n y ’s financial
p osition th a t is co m p ile d at the end o f an a ccou ntin g period to sh o w all revenues. co sts. and expenses over th a t
p eriod o f tim e.
progress [N -U N C O U N T-U 10] Progress is positive fo rw a rd m ove m en t to w a rd a p a rticu la r goal.
p roperty and e q u ip m e n t (P&E) [ N -U N C O U N T-U 8] P ro p e rty and E q u ip m e n t (P&E) are fixe d assets such as
fa cto rie s, m achinery, and o th e r physical m eans o f p ro d u ctio n th a t are n ot easily converted to cash.
prototype [N -C O U N T-U 1] A p rototype is th e firs t m odel o f a ca r fro m w h ich others are co pied .
rail [N -U N C O U N T-U 5] Rail is th e n etw o rk o f railroads and th e co m p a n ie s th a t opé rate trains on them .
raw m aterials [N -C O U N T-U 2] R a w m aterials are m aterials th a t have not been used to m ake som e th ing yet.
rebate [N -C O U N T-U 7] A re b a te is a partial refund used to m ake a deal m ore appealing.
redu ce [V-T-U2] To redu ce so m e th ing is to m ake it sm aller or low er th e q u a n tity o f it.
referral [N -C O U N T-U 10] A referral is the a c t o f d ire cting som e o ne to som eone else.
resale valué [N -C O U N T-U 15] R e sa le % a lu e is th e valué fo r w h ich a used vehicle m ig h t be sold.
resistan ce [N -U N C O U N T -U 11] R esistan ce is hesitation o r refusai to a c c e p t an offer.
responsibility [N -C O U N T-U 6] R esponsibility is th e State o f having a d u ty or o bligation.
revenue [N -U N C O U N T-U 8] R evenue is th e inco m e th a t a co m p a n y receives th rou g h norm al business o pe ratio n s such
as th e sale o f its p rod uct.
robot [N -C O U N T-U 4] A robot is a p rogram m able, m u lti-fu n ctio n a l m achine ca pa b le o f p erform ing a va rie ty of
prescrib e d tasks.
rolling highw ay [N -C O U N T-U 4] A rolling highw ay is a system fo r tra n sp o rtin g tru c k s by train.
sales [N -U N C O U N T-U 9] S ales is th e a ct or process o f m eeting w ith cu stom e rs in o rder to sell p ro d u c ís to them .
scale m odel [N -C O U N T-U 1] A scale m odel is a sm all physical m odei th a t is scaled relative to th e actual p roduct.
seal [V-T-U11] To seal a deal is to co m p le te or secure it.
s em i-tra ile r [N -C O U N T-U 5] A s em i-tra ile r is a tráiler th a t does n o t have a fro n t axle and is used to carry fre ig h t behind
a tractor-trailer.
shipping [N -U N C O U N T-U 6] S hipping is th e a ct of tra n s p o rtin g g oods.
signature [N -C O U N T-U 11] A s ig n a tu re is a p e rso n ’s ñam e w ritten as an official ide n tifica tio n.
slip a w a y [V-I-U10] To slip a w a y is to be lost o r fo rgo tten .
s ticker price [N -C O U N T-U 7] The s tick e r price is th e price a dvertised by th e dealer.
stream lin e [V-T-U2] To s tre a m lin e a proce ss is to rem ove delays or ine fficiencies so th a t it o ccu rs m ore q u ickly and
effectively.
te rm [N -C O U N T-U 14] A te rm is a fixed length o f tim e fo r th e repaym ent o f a loan.
te rm s [N -C O U N T-U 13] T e rm s are the c o n d itio n s o f an agreem ent m ade betw een th e buyer and th e seller.
te s t drive [N -C O U N T-U 11] A te s t d riv e is an event in w h ich a c u s to m e r is allow ed to drive a ca r he or she is interested
in before m aking a purchase.
th ird -p a rty [N -C O U N T-U 15] A th ird -p a rty is a person or g rou p o u ts id e th e p rim a ry tw o m em bers in a d is p u te or
arrangem ent.
title [N -C O U N T-U 11] A title is a claim o f o w n ersh ip o ver a vehicle.
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tr a c to r -tr a ile r [N -C O U N T-U 5] A tr a c to r -tr a ile r is a large tru c k w ith m últip le axles and a p rotru d in g rear se ctlo n to
w h lch a se m i-tra lle r can be attached.
tra d e -in [N -C O U N T-U 15] A tra d e -in is a used car th a t can be tra d e d fo r m oney to w a rd a new or d iffe re n t used car.
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tr a d e - o ff [N -C O U N T-U 12] A tr a d e - o ff is a balance betw een tw o in c o m p a tib le a spe cts o f a deai.
tri-le v e l [A D J-U 7] If a fre ig h t ca r is tri-le v e l, it is b uilt w ith three sepárate levels.
u p d a te [V-T-U10] To u p d a te a c u sto m e r is to give new o r d iffe re n t inform ation.
u s e d c a r [N -C O U N T-U 15] A u s e d c a r is a c a r th a t has been ow n ed and driven by another person previously.
v a lu é [N -U C O U N T-U 15] V a lu é is th e m on e ta ry w o rth o f a car.
w a lk a w a y fro m [V-I-U12] To w a lk a w a y fro m a deal is to reject it.
w a s te [N -U N C O U N T-U 2] W a s te is the loss o f m aterial th a t co uld have been used fo r a p ro d u c t or to m ake a profit.
w o r k e n v e lo p e [N -C O U N T-U 4] A w o r k e n v e lo p e is th e space th a t can be reached by a ro b o t’s end-effector.
In d u stry
Career Paths: Automotive Industry is a new educational resource for automotive
professionals who want to ¡mprove their English communication in a work environment.
Incorporating career-specific vocabulary and contexts, each unit offers step-by-step
instruction that immerses students ¡n the four key language components: reading, listening,
speaking, and writing. Career Paths: Automotive Industry addresses topics including
the parts of a car, safety features. design methods, manufacturing, and career options.
The series is organized into three levels of difficulty and offers a minimum of 400 vocabulary
terms and phrases. Every unit ineludes a test of reading comprehension, vocabulary, and
listening skllls, and leads students through written and oral production.
In c lu d e d F e a tu re s :
• A variety of realistic reading passages
• Career-specific dialogues
• 45 reading and listening comprehension checks
• Over 400 vocabulary terms and phrases
• Guided speaking and writing exercises
• Complete glossary of terms and phrases
The T e a c h e r’s G u id e contains detailed lesson plans, a full answer key and audio Scripts.
The a u d io C D s contain all recorded material.