139840 Wendo Mbijiwe Imunde CAT 1
SECTION ONE
1. How did the domestication of animals affect the lives of human beings?
Animal domestication influenced many aspects of human society. Cattle provided a reliable
food and supply source, allowing for more permanent settlement. With settlement and supplies
came population growth and density, as well as the development of communities that worked to
provide everything needed for the people around them, even if they weren't related in the
traditional sense. The spread of diseases between humans and animals, which would otherwise
have jumped between species, was a disadvantage of domestication. Pig flu and parasite
transmission are just two examples of humans and animals getting too close. However, without
domestication, humans may still be nomadic hunter-gatherers.
2. What impact might writing have had on ancient religion?
This new mode of communication enabled scribes to record historical events as well as religious
beliefs, eventually leading to the creation of an art form previously unimaginable: literature.
3. Four major changes occurred because of the Agricultural Revolution.
This transition included the;
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transition from hand to machine production methods
new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes
improved water power efficiency thus the increased use of steam power
the rise of the factory system.
Agriculture led to a change in women's roles in Neolithic Society.
During the Neolithic revolution, men were assigned to agricultural work, while women were
assigned to household chores.
5. What three seas connected Greece with the outside world?
 The Aegean Sea- borders Greece on the east
 Mediterranean Sea- on the south
 Ionian Sea- on the west.
SECTION TWO
1. Briefly discuss what you have learnt from the following ancient civilizations:
a) Mesopotamia
 Mesopotamia is the region between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.
 Baghdad, Babylon, and Nippur were among Mesopotamia's major cities.
 Mesopotamians were the first to grasp the concept of zero and begin experimenting with
mathematics.
 Mesopotamian people invented the wheel, plough and sailboat
 The land on the banks of the rivers was fertile, whereas the surrounding area was not,
prompting the development of irrigation techniques.
 Glass, the Pythagorean Theorem, and ancient sanitation techniques were all developed by
Mesopotamians.
 Mesopotamians invented glass, the Pythagorean Theorem, and ancient sanitation
techniques.
 The ancient Mesopotamians were masters of brick and mud construction, and brick
production became a major industry in Mesopotamia.
 Because money did not exist in Mesopotamia, people used weight to buy and sell goods.
 Every city in Mesopotamia had its own god
b) Egyptian
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Pharaoh (means Great House) Menes is regarded as the kingdom's founder.
Egyptians only knew of the lower parts of the Nile
It is divided into 3 main areas; old, middle and new kingdom
Pharaoh Menes, the Egyptian kingdom's founder, established his capital at Mephis, near
the meeting point of Upper and Lower Egypt.
Menes founded the first Egyptian dynasty. He was the first king of Upper Egypt.
Menes and his successors used the Nile as a highway that connected the north and south.
Egypt would eventually have 31 dynasties spanning 2600 years.
The majority of Ancient Egyptian pyramids were built as tombs for Ancient Egyptian
rulers and their families in the Old Kingdom.
It took great skill and patience to build these pyramids spanning close to two decades but
the practice died off over time
The Egyptians established the basis for arithmetic geometry and algebra. They invented
the decimal system.
The Egyptian calendar was divided into three seasons, each with four months of 30 days.
At the end of the year, five days were added to these 360. The modern calendar year is
based on their 365-day calendar.
Believed in the after life thus practiced mummification of their dead
Mummification knowledge was used to develop a surgical technique.
Practiced a lot of artistic work such as painting, crafting and sculpting
Egyptians gradually transformed the Nile valley, allowing its inhabitants to transition
from a food-gathering to a food-producing economy.
c) Indus
 The Indus Valley Civilization spanned 1,260,000 square kilometers of modern-day India,
Pakistan, and Afghanistan.
 Mohenjodaro and Harappa are the capital cities.
 The people of the Indus Valley were well-versed in the use of cotton and wool.
 The majority of the civilization’s inhabitants were artisans and traders.
 They had sophisticated sanitation systems.
 The Indus Valley Civilization was home to the world's first planned cities.
 The civilisation's cities were laid out in grid patterns, with streets intersecting at right
angles.
 The people of the Indus Valley Civilization lived in a very sanitary, clean, and healthy
environment.
 There was at least one Great Bath in every city in the civilization. They are thought to
have had a religious purpose.
 They revered trees such as Peepal.
 Agriculture was the foundation of the Indus Valley civilisation, and trade and commerce
flourished during this time.
 Cotton was first spun and woven by farmers in the Indus Valley.
 Cotton was another item exported.
 The world's first buttons were discovered here between 2800 and 2600 B.C.Buttons were
made from seashells, and some of them had holes pierced in them so that they could be
threaded onto clothing. They were used in the Indus Valley for their ornamental value
rather than utility.
d) Greek
 Greeks called themselves ‘Hellenes’. Greeks never called themselves Greeks! This name
actually came from the Romans.
 Ancient Greece was divided into numerous city-states.
 Different city-states had different types of slaves.
 The state owned slaves known as 'Helots' in Sparta. They were forced to grow crops and
give some of what they grew to the state.
 Slaves were treated slightly better in Athens, and they were welcomed into family homes
with a ceremony.
 They also worked as cops, craftspeople, and some even served in the navy.
 Slaves were not compensated.
 They used large juries in court.
 The Ancient Greeks worshiped numerous Gods and Goddesses for various reasons
 They invented the first alarm clock
 Ancient Greeks invented the theatre
 Inside temples, statues of Greek gods and goddesses were erected.
 The Olympics and marathon originated from them
2. At what point does one state that a society is civilized?
A society is stated as civilized when it has highly developed forms of government, culture,
industry, and common social norms.