Drug Therapy for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Complete the following drug therapy chart for medications used to treat asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
(COPD).
Drug
Bronchodilators:
Short acting B2
Adrenergic Agonist:
Salbutamol
Long Acting B2
Adrenergic Agonist:
Route of
Admin
Inhalation
Indication
Inhalation
To relieve
bronchospasm
in disorders like
COPD and
asthma
Inhalation
Management of
COPD and
asthma
Formoterol
Anti-cholinergic:
Ipratropium bromide
To relieve
bronchospasm
in disorders like
COPD and
asthma
Mechanism of
Action
Stimulates
Beta-2
adrenergic
receptors in
the lungs,
causing
bronchial
smooth muscle
relaxation
Stimulation of
beta-2
adrenergic
receptors in the
lungs relaxes
bronchial
smooth muscle
Prevents
acetylcholine
from activating
lung
muscarinic
receptors,
relaxing
bronchial
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Side Effects
Contraindications
Comments
Nausea,
headache, tremor,
palpitation,
tachyarrhythmia’s,
hypertension
Hypersensitivity,
tachyarrhythmia’s,
hypertension
A short-acting
bronchodilator is
used to treat
bronchospasm in
diseases including
COPD and asthma
Tachycardia,
palpitations,
tremor, nausea,
headache, and
hypertension
Hypersensitivity,
tachyarrhythmia’s,
and hypertension are
contraindications
Long-acting
bronchodilator used
to prevent and treat
COPD and asthma
over the long term
Dry mouth,
headache,
nauseousness,
vomiting, and
lightheadedness
are side effects
Hypersensitivity,
glaucoma, and
urinary retention are
contraindications
Taken in
conjunction with
bronchodilators to
treat COPD and
asthma
smooth muscle
Combination
of a shortacting beta-2
agonist and an
anticholinergic
(Ipratropium)
is the
mechanism of
action
(Salbutamol)
Ipratropium and
Salbutamol
: Inhalation
Management of
COPD and
asthma
Dry mouth,
headaches, nausea,
vomiting, and
dizziness are
among the side
effects. Other side
effects include
tremors,
palpitations,
tachycardia, and
hypertension
Nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea,
abdominal
discomfort,
headache,
lightheadedness,
sleeplessness,
anxiety, and
depression.
Hypersensitivity,
glaucoma, urinary
retention,
tachyarrhythmias,
and hypertension are
all contraindications
An anticholinergic
and beta-2 agonist
combination therapy
is used to treat
COPD and asthma
Anti-Inflammatory
Agents:
Hydrocortisone
Oral, Inhaled,
Topical
Management of
COPD and
asthma
Prevents the
release of
inflammatory
mediators and
prevents
inflammatory
cells from
migrating
Hypersensitivity,
glaucoma, urinary
retention,
tachyarrhythmias,
and hypertension are
all contraindications.
Taken in
conjunction with
bronchodilators to
treat COPD and
asthma.
Anti-Inflammatory
Agents:
Hydrocortisone
Oral, Inhaled,
Topical
Management of
COPD and
asthma
Prevents the
release of
inflammatory
mediators and
prevents
inflammatory
cells from
migrating.
Nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea,
abdominal
discomfort,
headache,
lightheadedness,
sleeplessness,
anxiety, and
depression.
Hypersensitivity,
glaucoma, urinary
retention,
tachyarrhythmias,
and hypertension are
all contraindications.
Taken in
conjunction with
bronchodilators to
treat COPD and
asthma.
Anti-Inflammatory
Oral, Inhaled,
Management of
Prevents the
Prevents the
Hypersensitivity,
Taken in
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Agents:
Topical
Dexamethasone
Non-steroidal Antiinflammatories:
Oral
Montelukast
Antiallergenic:
Inhalation
Cromolyn
Mucolytics:
Oral/Inhalatio
n
Acetylcysteine
Vaccination:
Influenza vaccination
Subcutaneous
administration
COPD and
asthma
release of
inflammatory
mediators and
prevents
inflammatory
cells from
migrating.
Management of Leukotriene
COPD and
production and
asthma
action are
inhibited,
which reduces
bronchial
smooth muscle
constriction.
release of
inflammatory
mediators and
prevents
inflammatory cells
from migrating.
glaucoma, urinary
retention,
tachyarrhythmias,
and hypertension are
all contraindications.
conjunction with
bronchodilators to
treat COPD and
asthma.
Headache,
stomachache, joint
discomfort,
weariness,
disorientation,
nausea, diarrhea,
sore throat, and
upper respiratory
infection.
Hypersensitivity,
tachyarrhythmias,
and hypertension are
contraindications.
Taken in
conjunction with
bronchodilators to
treat COPD and
asthma.
Management of Prevents
COPD and
bronchial
asthma
smooth muscle
constriction
and inhibits the
release of
inflammatory
mediators.
Management of Reduces mucus
COPD and
and aids in
asthma.
airway
clearing.
Headache, throat
irritation, and
coughing.
Hypersensitivity
Taken in
conjunction with
bronchodilators to
treat COPD and
asthma.
A rash, headache,
nausea, vomiting,
and stomach pain.
Hypersensitivity
Taken in
conjunction with
bronchodilators to
treat COPD and
asthma.
Used as an
additional kind of
treatment to
Influenza
prevention
Stimulates the
Localized
development of inflammation,
antibodies
exhaustion,
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Hypersensitivity
against
influenza
viruses.
headaches, and
muscle aches.
bronchodilators to
avoid influenza.
References:
Salbutamol. (n.d.). Go.drugbank.com. Retrieved July 14, 2023, from
https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB01001#:~:text=Salbutamol%20is%20a%20beta%2D2
Formoterol (Inhalation Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Www.mayoclinic.org.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/formoterol-inhalation-route/description/drg-20068933
Cleveland Clinic. (2022, August 9). Bronchodilators: Asthma, Purpose, Types & Side Effects. Cleveland Clinic.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17575-bronchodilator
Kinman, T., & Klein, E. (2014). List of Common COPD Medications. Healthline.
https://www.healthline.com/health/copd/drugs
https://www.facebook.com/Drugscom. (2018). Glucocorticoids. Drugs.com; Drugs.com. https://www.drugs.com/drugclass/glucocorticoids.html
Minutello, K., & Gupta, V. (2023). Cromolyn Sodium. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557473/#:~:text=Cromolyn%20sodium%20is%20a%20mast
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