DISASTERS AND HAZARDS Hazard – brings people’s lives to risk and has a potential to cause DISASTER, which already cause damage of property and loss of lives. Example: tsunami, avalanche, volcanic eruption, hurricane. CONSEQUENCES OF NATURAL DISASTERS - Destruction of property Injures and loss of life Loss of financial resources - economy Loss of infrastructure FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITY AND RISK FROM HAZARDS Vulnerability – how are people exposed in an area to disaster and its effects Probability – how likely it is that a hazard will occur The ability to cope – to survive/ to come up before/during and after disaster FACTORS: - Geographical location – position of some countries means they are more likely to be at greater risk from natural hazards. E.g., Philippines is more prone to earthquakes, typhoons, tsunamis flooding, volcanic eruptions because of its global position - Magnitude – larger or stronger disaster pose more risk to people and property than smaller hazards and case destruction of property and high numbers of injures and deaths. - Time of the day – if a disaster happens when people are asleep, they will receive no warning, compared to day time, which will cause more self-injuries or deaths. - Level of education – this will not prevent disaster from occurring but will reduce the impacts and allows more people to survive because they are well educated and know where to go, stay and escape. - Frequency – If natural disasters are really common In a particular country it suggests that current hazard has particular frequency of how often it has occur and when was the last one. If a country is aware that after few weeks natural disaster will occur there is time for people to get ready and escape, it. - Perception (how a person feels) – if a person is disabled or just if a disaster occurred and night and everyone is sleepy it will make it a lot harder to evacuate people and bring them to hospitals as it is time consuming and there is no guarantee that a person will survive. - Level of National Wealth – richer countries are more economically developed. They can predict, prepare, and respond to natural disaster than poorer countries. Rich countries can construct earthquake proof building and buy technology that tracks disasters. - Amounts of warning time – if a future affected area at all doesn’t have idea about soon natural disaster, then much more people will be affected due to last minute or none of warning time - Population living in property – if a country is overpopulated and a disaster has occurred it will increase deaths and injuries. The fewer people living in area is better as there won’t be rush on evacuation and more people will remain calm. WHAT MAKES A PLACE RISKY TO LIVE ON? - Increased population makes world to experience global warming resulting natural disasters to occur Impacts of natural disasters: loss of life or disability; destruction of property – people forced to live on streets; increased competition over land. Not clean environment, no fresh water, diseases such as chlorella or diarrhea spread fast IS THE WORLD EXPIRIENCING MORE DISASTERS? - Yes, due to increased temperature resulting climate change. Nowadays disasters occur 3 times more often than it used to 50 years ago, but now we have more opportunity to develop appropriate technology allowing countries to warn citizens and enable more people to survive. HISTORY WHAT MAKES A GOOD MEDIEVAL KING? - Responsible for his country Brave, clever and super powerful soldier Popular with his noble Having a son who will be automatically heir to the throne Not biased and a treating fairly king Good with parliament Civil war – war within the same country. People and the same country fight with each other. WHY WAS EDWARD 3 CONSIDERED AS THE GREATEST KIND IN MIDDLE AGES? - Wealthy and powerful - Edward III always paid attention on his expensive clothes and jewel. He has rebuilt the Windsor Castle in an impressive style. - Excellent, tall, brave, and strong soldier - Edward knew the best way to stop the debate between his supporters making them fight on the same sight like in wars between Scotland and France. He also won a great victory at the Battle of Halidon Hill. - Popular with his nobles – barons joined Edward because he was successful. They helped him to win land and money. Nobles also managed with Edward to ban the worst gangs of criminals and there were no rebellions at that time when Edward trusted his barons. - Had a son - Edward had many sons and few daughters. There wasn't any fight about who should become the next king as the son automatically heir the throne. His eldest son - Black Prince died, so the next son Edward II become the ruler of England when he was 11 years old. WHY DID BARONS REBEL AGAINST KING JOHN/ REASONS FOR HIS UNPOPULARITY Quarrelled with Pope about how to correctly run the church - therefore Pope banned all the church services from 1208 till 1213. In 1209 Pope became too angry that he excommunicated John, meaning he made John to go to Hell after he will die. ADDITIONAL INFO: In 1208 Edward reacted saying that nobody can enter church property and land, he res ulted to earn more money but made his conflict with the Pope worser. Didn't trust his local barons - He never listed for advice of his nobles and made important decisions without him. He preferred to ask advice of foreign mercenaries - his friends in Italie and Germany. Increased taxes - Barons were expected to pay huge amounts of money to inherit his father’s lands, ten times more than they were expected to pay. He even forced widows (women with no husband) to pay huge taxes or forced to marry again Wining the lands back - John increased the taxes since he needed money to pay to his army and weapons for the war. He fought with king Philip and almost won, but due to his unlikeness he lost all his lands, hope and strength to fight Philip. WHY DID PAINTER MATTHEW PARIS MADE FUN OF KING JOHN? Stool - John is not sitting on a proper throne, he is using a foldable chair kings used if they spent a lot of time travelling to wars. Church – The church is shown below the king’s seat suggesting that he didn’t care about church and was against the god. Crown – John’s crown is sliding down his head, suggesting that citizens didn’t want him as a king since he was foolish, biased and not responsible. HOW WAS THE LIFE OF PEASANTS DURING MEDIEVAL AGES? - Houses – had stone foundations and expertly made wooden frames. House often included: wardrobes, French pottery, chairs, timber floors and caskets. Caskets were big chests locked with a key were peasants stored valuable items. - Everyone helped participated at the work - Oxen prepared land to plant seeds, man and women were doing harvesting and children’s job was to pick up the last piece of everything (left corn cutten with a sickle). - Holidays - Medieval peasants didn't work on Sundays, Saints days and Church holiday like Easter and 12 days of Christmas. They met with each other to gossip and even had some contests and parties held in church. - Diet - Peasants average diet included a soup, porridge, 2 loafs of bread containing coarse grains, meat, or fish. Fish was eaten on religious days when they were not allowed to eat meat and just enjoyed even far from the coast. - Hygiene - Peasants took baths and washed with soap which was made from boiling sheep fat in caustic soda. They had less tooth decay then today and they used hazel twigs to brush their teeth. WHY COULD PEOPLE STOP THE BLACK DEATH DURING THE 14th CENTURY? - Less information – people didn’t know much about germs that caused disease. They thought that God was punishing them for their sins. - Lack of medication – there were no vaccines and less hospitals. Doctors at the middle of Black Death were refused to treat patients, since the risk to die was too big. - No proper toilets - there were only pipe latrines, meaning that when peasants excreted solid waste, they took the bowl collected it and just throw it into the nature. Then the smell corrupted into the air making it poisonous and allowing rats and fleas to carry the disease. DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP DIGITAL FOOTPRINTS WHAT IS DIGITAL FOOTPRINT? - All the information online about a person posted either by themselves or others/friends intentionally or unintentionally. HOW DOES DIGITAL FOOTPRINT AFFECT YOU? - It allows organisations that are hiring you to see an overview of what school you studied, did you publish are reports/books and just an overview of your whole life to see how good you are. - Hateful speech and bad language in your social media post may result you to be expelled from school/university or fired from job or even get you into prison. - Individuals – hackers, thief’s, kidnappers can access whole your data such us: websites passcodes like on financial matters or hack your computer and your account and profile. HOW COMPANIES USE CONSUMER DATE? - Companies look at every single consumer data and see what this person usually like to buy. At the end they calculate the percentage of people that like this colour, this material or this good. After doing this survey they create a product that will become famous worldwide. HOW CAN WE LIMIT DATA THAT IS BEING TRACKED? Turn off cookies – they are used to identify your device, track your behaviour and your personal experience. Adjust privacy settings – limit information collected about you in certain apps, by making your account private and deny access on your contacts and location Limit what you share – do not provide your email if it is not necessary or before you do it check the privacy police to see how the information is being used.
