Basic Rules of Tajweed ف ٌ ( َح ْرLetter): Any single letter/alphabet in Arabic is ُ called حرف. The plural of حرفis ٌح ُر ْوف. Full Mouth Letters: The letters that are read with a Full Mouth (with bold and heavy voice) are called full mouth letters. There are seven full mouth letters: ْ َ َ َّ ُ ص ضغ ٍط ِقظ) خ ص ض غ ط ق ظ (خ. The Movements: There are three kinds of movements 1. Fatha َ: ٌ Which is always above a latter. 2. Kasrah ٌَ: Which is always below a letter. ُ 3. Dummah َ: ٌ Which is always above a letter. Closed Letters: The letters having Fatha, Kasra & Dummah are called closed letters. Rule: Neither prolong the closed letters nor read with a jerk. ْ Sukoon & Sakin: This )َ (or) (دsign is called sukoon and any letter having this sign is called sakin. ْ e.g. )(وthis wao is sakin because it has sukoon sign on top of it. Maddah Letters: There are 3 kinds of maddah letters. 1. Alif الفMaddah: If the letter before alif has a Fatha, the alif is called alif maddah. 2. Wao )(واؤMaddah: If the letter before wao sakin has a Dummah, the wao is called wao maddah. 3.Yaa )(یMaddah: If the letter before Yaa یsakin has a Kasrah, The Yaa is called Yaa Maddah. Standing Fatha, Kasrah, Dummah: ٰ: This sign comes on top of a letter and called standing fatha. : This sign comes under a letter and called Standing Kasrah. ٌ This sign come on top of a letter and called standing َ: Dummah. Open Letters: There are two types of open letters. 1.The letters followed by maddah Letters 2.The letters with Standing fatha, Kasrah, Dummah Rule: We prolong the open letters for the duration of 1 alif (The approximate duration is the time it usually takes to open your finger.). e.g. ٌ قالIn this example ٌ قis an open letter because it has been followed by alif maddah. ٌ مٌلIn this example ٌ مis an open letters because there ک is a standing fatha on top of it so we will prolong this letter according to the rule. Leen Letters حروف لی: There are two type of leen letters:1. Wow Leen واو لی: If the letter before وٌاوٌسا ٌکنhas fatha than the ٌ واوٌساکنis called ٌ واوٌلی. 2. Yaa Leen یاء لی: If the letter before یٌاءٌسٌاکنhas fatha than the یاءٌساکنis called ٌ یاءٌلی. Rule: The letters followed by ٌ واوٌلیor ٌ یاءٌلیare not read prolonged neither read with a jerk. E.g ٌو ٌْیل،ٌق ْوٌل Tanween تنوین: Double Fathaٌَ, Double Kasraٌَ & Double Dummahٌَ are called tanween. Reminder: ْ Sukoon & Sakin: This )َ (or) (دsign is called sukoon and any letter having this sign is called sakin. ْ e.g. )(وthis wao is sakin because it has sukoon sign on top of it. Ikhfa & Izhar Ikhfa اخفاء: Ikhfa means hiding the actual sound of the letter in nose and reading it with a nasal sound. Izhar اظہار: Izhar means to reveal the actual sound of the letter and reading it clear & without nasal sound. Throttle letters: There are 6 throttle letters: حٌ۔ٌعٌ ٌ۔ٌھٌ۔ٌء ٌ ٌخٌ۔ٌغٌ۔ Rule of Ikhfa: If any of the following letters appear after NoonٌSaakin or Tanween, Ikhfaa (a nasal sound equal to one alif)ٌshould be made. ک ٌ ت۔ث۔ج۔د۔ذ۔ز۔س۔ش۔ص۔ض۔ط۔ظ۔ف۔ق۔ e.g انت ۔ ِمن ُجوع ۔ یوم ِئذ ُت ِد ُث Rule of Izhar: If any of the throttle letters come after a Noon Saakin or Tanween, Izhaar (to recite without nasal sound) will be made. ْ ْ ْ ْ e.g ٌو ٌانح ٌر،ٌاٌنعٌمت