Page | 1 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING REVIEWER CO-PAR ⮚ Community Organizing – Participatory Action Research Community Organizing ⮚ Process by which health services, agencies, and people and of the people of the community brought together to: o Identify/learn their own problem o Plan activities o Act on this basis o Evaluate COMMUNITY ORGANIZING EMPHASIZE ⮚ Strengthening the community members capability in: o Problem solving skills And Necessary for self-reliant development o Decision making skills Community Organizing process has someone plays the role of a Community Organizer Roles and Responsibilities of a Community Health Nurse Manager Guide Advocate Coordinator, Counselor, Change Agent Health Care Provider Nurse Trainer Researcher Organizer Leader Educator – Primary role, Primary responsibilities promotion of health and prevention of illness Supervisor Community Organizer ⮚ Person who mobilize: Individual Family Community Sick or Well Page | 2 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman To come together in unity and collectively address given: Issues Needs Problem * assess by way of research PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH ⮚ Is an investigation on problems and issues of the community by way of research. ⮚ Representatives of community participates in the actual research. ▪ Local Researcher ▪ Outside Researcher = Community Health Nurse ⮚ Act as researchers themselves, doing research of their own problem. ⮚ The essential element of Participatory Action Research is participation Participatory Action Research Objectives: o To encourage consciousness of the suffering o To empower people to determine the cause of their own problem o To analyze these problem o To develop competence for changing their own situation o To act by themselves in responding to their own problems Ideal participatory research process involves the community in all research aspect 1. Identification of research problem 2. Formulation of research design 3. Data gathering 4. Validation of research 5. Data presentation 6. Recommendations 7. Action of activities COPAR Phase/Process According to (Sister Jimenez) PRE ENTRY PHASE ⮚ At the NGO level o Formulation of institutional goals, objectives and targets for the program o Revision of curriculum o Training of faculty if CO-PAR Page | 3 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman o Coordinate participation of other departments within the institution ⮚ At the community level o Community consultations/dialogues o Setting of issues related to site selection o Development of criteria for site selection Criteria in selecting community ● Site must be Depressed and underserved Oppressed Poor Exploited Struggling ● Area must not have a serious peace and order problem ● Willingness to be organized ● Community needing health assistance o Check vital health statistic can determine general health status o Malnutrition rate o Lack of health facility/health care providers ● Counter-part of the community (support, commitment, resources) ● Accessible to transport and communication o Site selection o Preliminary Social Investigation (PSI) ▪ Identify contact person ▪ Gather “overview” of the demographic characteristics, health services and facilities of the community o Networking with LGU’s, NGO’s and other departments ENTRY PHASE ⮚ Integration with the community main objective: Gain Trust First task courtesy call to the Brgy. Captain Establish rapport * house calls * joining to social activities Imbibe their lifestyle Page | 4 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman Immerse yourself Live with them Reside on the area * live in the center/modest dwelling ⮚ Sensitization of the community social preparation ⮚ Information campaign on health services ⮚ Continuing/deep social investigation Process of collecting, collating, analyzing data to draw the clear picture of the community ⮚ Core Group formation (CG) o Consist of identified potential leaders ▪ Characteristics of a potential leaders 1. Respected community members 2. Responsible/committed 3. Willing to work for a desired change 4. Has good communication skills 5. Has wide “influence” to elite/poor community members ● Self-awareness and leadership training (SALT) ● Coordination with other community organization o Representing different sectors of the community COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS/STUDY PHASE (research phase) ⮚ Selection of the research team ⮚ Training on data collection ⮚ Planning for the actual gathering of data ⮚ Data gathering ⮚ Training on data validation ⮚ Community validation ⮚ Presentation of the community study/diagnosis and recommendations ⮚ Prioritization of community needs/problems for action COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION/CAPABILITY BUILDING PHASE Page | 5 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman ⮚ Community meetings to draw-up guidelines for the organization ⮚ Election of officer ⮚ Development of management systems: (Delineation of the Roles, Function, and Task of Officers) ⮚ Training of leaders ⮚ Team building exercises to enhance cohesiveness ⮚ Action-Reflection-Action-Session COMMUNITY ACTION PHASE ⮚ Organization and training of BHW’sVillage or Grassroot Workers ⮚ PIME of health services Project Implementation/Monitoring and Evaluation (Project Management) ⮚ Resource mobilization 5 M’S MANPOWER MACHINE MATERIAL METHOD MONEY SPACE ⮚ Setting up of linkages/network/referral system SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE ⮚ Formulation and ratification of constitution and by-laws ⮚ Identification and development of “secondary” leaders ⮚ Setting up a financing scheme ⮚ Continuing education and training of BHW’s ⮚ Development of long term community health development plans ⮚ Formalizing linkages, networks and referral system TURNOVER/PHASE OUT ⮚ Transfer of community organizer roles and responsibilities and documents ⮚ subsequent follow-up Page | 6 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman CO-PAR main goal is to attain COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT better quality life * Basic needs are met * Equal rights * Self-reliance * Active participation COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING Definition: WHO Health – is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being Modern Concept Health – refers to optimum level of functioning of individual, family, community OLOFis influence by the Eco System Eco System Factors Socio-economic status ▪ Education ▪ Employment ▪ Housing Hereditary factorgenetic Health care delivery system Activities and Behaviormag HL tayo Manage Stress Regular Exercise Do not Smoke Priority Message Regular health check-up Eat healthy foods Weight loss Political factors Environmental factors WHO – special field of nursing that combines: o Skills of nursing o Public health o Social assistance and functions Dr. C. E. Winslow – public health is a science and art of 3 P’s o Promotion of health o Prevention of illness/hazards through organize community efforts o Prolonging life Statement: “every citizens has his BIRTHRIGHT of good health and longevity” CHN according to Dr. Ruth Freeman ⮚ A service rendered by a professional nurse Page | 7 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman o o o o o To individuals, family, community and population groups At home Clinics Schools And workplace CHN subspecialty ⮚ School Health Nursing ⮚ Occupational Health Nursing CHN according to Dr. Maglaya ⮚ The utilization of the nursing process in the different levels of clientele, individual, family, community and population groups concerned with the Promotion of health Prevention of disease And Disability and Rehabiliation CHN as Field Of Nursing Practice ⮚ Hallmark of CHN is that it is Population or Aggregate-Focused ⮚ Emphasis on the importance of the “Greatest Good for the Greatest Number” ⮚ “Goal of improving Community Health is realized through interdisciplinary/multi effort” Philosophy of CHN Dr. Shetland ⮚ CHN is based on the Worth and Dignity of Man Ultimate Goal of CHN ⮚ “To raise the level of health of the citizenry” Principles of CHN ⮚ Based on recognized needs of the community ⮚ Understand the objectives and policies of the agency ⮚ Family is the basic unit of service ⮚ Always available to all regardless of Race, Creed and Socio-economic status ⮚ Use available community health resource - Indigenous resource Page | 8 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman o Dried proteins ▪ Pounded Dilis ▪ Pounded Shrimp ▪ Pounded Monggo ⮚ Record and report data accurately research/legal ⮚ Health teaching is primary responsibility ⮚ Evaluation of programs ⮚ Continuous professional growth CONCEPTS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING ⮚ Health promotion primary responsibility ⮚ Generalist never Specialist ⮚ Population is the main focus ⮚ Individual, Family, Community including Population GroupPregnant, Newborn, Elderly, Youth Population Group – those who share a common characteristics, developmental stages and common exposure to health problems ⮚ Community health nursing process is implicit in the practice of CHN ▪ Essence of nursing ▪ Dynamic and cyclic process ▪ Systemic approach CHN PROCESS 1. Assessment o Establishing rapport ▪ Greetings ▪ Introduce self o Collection of data/facts/information METHODS TO COLLECT DATA Interview Records review Family Health Record Page | 9 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman Physical assessment Observation Diagnostic exam o Diagnosis – identification of the client, families and community needs based on the gathered data 2. Planning o Prioritizing needs Ranking and Scaling ● Nature of problem ● Preventive potential ● Modifiability of the problem o o o o ● Salience – perception Stating goals and objective Goal setting Expected outcome Developing parameters evaluation process THE PLANNING CYCLE/PROCESS Situational analysis Goal/Objective setting Strategy setting Evalutaion 1. Situational Analysis Where are we now? o Gather, tabulate, analyze and interpret data o Identify the problems/issues/needs 2. Goal and Objective Setting Where do you want to go? o Define program goals and objectives o Assign priorites among objectives 3. Strategy and Activity Settings Page | 10 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman How do we get there? o Design CHN programs o Ascertain resources o Analyze constraints and limitations 4. Evaluation How do we know we are there? o Specify criteria and standards o Determine outcomes HOME VISIT (should always have: PURPOSE and OBJECTIVE) Is a professional face to face contact done by the nurse to the family ⮚ Factors Affecting Frequency of Home Visits o Physical/psychological and educational needs o Acceptance of the family (PRIORITY NEEDS) o Policy of a given agency ⮚ Steps during Home Visit 1. Greetings/Introduce Self 2. Stating purpose and objective ⮚ Priorities during Home Visit 1. Newborn (FIRST) 2. Post-Partum 3. Pregnant mother 4. Morbid individual (LAST) PUBLIC HEALTH BAG ⮚ Is an essential and indispensable equipment of the Public Health Nurse used during home visit BAG TECHNIQUE ⮚ A tool making use of a Public Health Bag and which the Public Nurse can perform procedures during home visits ♦ Rationale in the use of PHN BAG o Technique during Home Visit: ▪ “It help render effective nursing care” ♦ Principle of Bag Technique 1. Minimize if not totally prevent the spread of infection Page | 11 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman 2. Save time and effort 3. Not to overshadow the concern of the client and family BP apparatus, stethoscope and umbrella are carried separately SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS Bag and its contents must be free from any contamination Always do hand washing Gather necessary equipment’s to render Nursing Care Place waste bag, paper lining outside SOLUTION 1. Benedict solution for sugar detection 2. Acetic acid solution for albumin detection 3. Zephiram solution soaking solution 4. Alcohol, Betadine 5. Ammonia LEVELs of CLIENTELE Individual, Family, Community, Population Group Sick or Well LEVELS OF PRIMARY HEALTH FACILITY PRIMARY – Client in Fair health and with early symptoms of illness o Barangay Health Center (BHC), City Health Office (CHO), Municipal Health Office (MHO), Lying-in Clinics, Puericulture Center, Community Hospitals SECONDARY – Patient in symptomatic stage of an illness and requires moderately specialized knowledge/facilities o Provincial Hospitals, District Hospitals, Municipal Hospitals, Emergency Hospitals TERTIARY – Patients seriously threaten and requires highly technical facilities and knowledge o National Hospitals, Teaching/Training Hospitals, Regional Hospitals (SPECIALTY HOSPITALS) 2 TYPES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WORKERS 1. Village/Grassroot workers – Trained hilots o Trained individuals ▪ BHW, TBA, Trained hilot, Trained Dentist, Trained Nutritionist 2. Intermediate Health Care Workers o Professional Groups ▪ RH Physicians, RH Nurse, RH Midwife, RH Dentist, Medtech, Nutritionist, Sanitary Inspector Page | 12 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman ⮚ Ratio to Population o 1 Physician = 20,000 o 1 Nurse = 20,000 o 1 Med Tech = 20,000 o 1 Sanitary Inspector = 20,000 o 1 Dentist = 50,000 o 1 Midwife = 5,000 QUALIFICATIONS OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE ⮚ BASIC REQUIREMENT o BSN Public Health Nurse 2 o RN o MAN with Positions Positions 1. Chief Nurse o BSN, RN, MAN o 5yrs experience as Community Health Nurse o 3yrs experience as Supervisor 2. Assistance Chief Nurse o 5yrs experience as Community Health Nurse o 2yrs experience as Supervisor 3. Regional Training Nurse o BSN, RN, MAN o 6yrs experience as Community Health Nurse o 3yrs experience as Trainor /Educator 4. Regional Supervisor o BSN, RN, MAN o 5yrs experience as Community Health Nurse o 2yrs experience as Supervisor 5. Provincial Supervisor o BSN, RN, MAN o 5yrs experience as Community Health Nurse 6. Nurse Instructor o BSN, RN, MAN o 3yrs experience as Community Health Nurse with teaching abilities 7. Nursing Program Supervisor o BSN, RN, MAN o 7yrs experience as Community Health Nurse with Training to DOH programs PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Page | 13 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman ⮚ Is an essential Health Care based on practical and socially acceptable methods and technology ⮚ Made universally accessible to Individual, Family, Community History of Public Health Care WHAT: Alma Ata Conference WHEN: September 6-12, 1978 WHERE: Alma Ata,USSR/Russia WHO: WHO/Unicef WHO: Dr. Dizon/Dr. Villar Legal Basis: LOI 949 ⮚ Signed by: Pres. Ferdinand Marcos on October 1979 GOAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH CARE ⮚ Health for all Filipinos and health in the hands of the people by year 2020 MISSION ⮚ Strengthening the health system wherein people will manage their own health care KEY/CORE STRATEGY “PARTNERSHIP” PILLARS/CORNERSTONE OF PUBLIC HEALTH CARE Support Mechanism mad available Community Participation Active Appropriate technology Multi-Sectoral linkages CHARACTERISTIC OF PUBLIC HEALTH CARE Accessible/Available Community Bases Affordable Sustainable Integral/Important Acceptable VITAL HEALTH STATISTIC ⮚ Is the study on vital events such as Birth-Fertility Deaths – Mortality Morbidity Page | 14 Twitter: @nursehooman Facebook: facebook.com/nurse.hooman ⮚ Main Objective: to determine general health status of the community
