Pointers: Rizal’s Life and Works
San Francisco - entry point in the US
Good Impressions:
Taviel De Andrade - (Luis Taviel de Chavez, the brother of
Jose Taviel de Chavez who was his bodyguard during his
six-month stay in Calambe four years ago.) Rizal’s defender
during his Arraignment on December 11, 1896.
His defense was based on the rule of evidence and the law
applying the Penal Code of Spain in the Philippines.
Doroteo Cortes – he organized the public demonstration in
Manila in response to the mass eviction by Dominican friars
from their estate in Calamba.
-material progress of the country, drive and energy of
American people, natural beauty of the land, high standards
of living, opportunities for better life offered to poor
immigrants.
Negative Impressions:
-Non-existence of true liberty:as a Negro cannot marry an
American and vice versa, the existence of racial prejudice as
shown in their hatred in Chinese, Japanese and Negroes, the
valuing of money over human life.
May 16, 1888-Rizal left New York for Liverpool, England.
Weyler – pro-Spanish Governor General.
Despujol - Governor General of Dapitan when Rizal
arrived.
Morgas Sucesos delas Islas Filipinas – annotated by Rizal.
There are 3 purposes for Rizal's Annotation:
Terrero – a liberal minded Governor General during Rizal’s
time.
1. To awaken the consciousness of the Filipinos of their
glorious or dignified ways of the past.
2. To correct what has been distorted and falsified about
the Philippines prior to Spanish Conquest.
3. To prove that the Filipinos were civilized, even before
the coming of the Spaniards.
A Poem For Lipa – a Hymn To Labor (Himno al Trabajo).
Hymn To Labor – (Himno al Trabajo) a poem requested by
Rizal’s friend from Lipa to commemorate the conversion of
Lipa from a pueblo (town) to a villa (city).
Zafir
Gertrude Becket- known by her nicknames Tottie and
Sissie. Two things that made Rizal attracted to her:
propinquity and happy family.
Exiles In Hong Kong-
Kuruma - rickshaw-like horses, popular
transportation in Japan at that time.
Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor- practicing lawyer in London and
an exile of 1872. Later, he lived as a boarder of the Beckett
Family at No. 37 Chalcot Crescent, Primrose Hill.
mode of
0 Seisan -Rizal saw the ideals of womanhood, namely:
beauty, charm, intelligence and modesty.
Asociacion La Solidaridad- formally established on
December 31, 1888. The officers were:
President- Galaciano Apacible
Vice President-Graciano Lopez-Jaena
Secretary-Manuel Sta. Maria
Treasurer-Mariano Ponce
Accountant-Jose Ma. Panganiban
Founder Then Honorary President Writings In London,
Articles Written In La Solidaridad -in the defense of the
oppressed Filipinos
1.A La Defensa (To The Defense) - This was his reply to
an anti- Filipino writing of Patricio de la Escorura, which
Rizal published on April 30, 1889.
Library In Paris
2. La Verdad Para Todos (The Truth for All) - This was
written on May 31, 1889 in defense against the Spanish
accusations that the native local officials were ignorant and
immoral.
Teodoro Sandiko,- Teodoro Sandiko was a Filipino
journalist and writer who collaborated with Rizal in writing
articles for La Solidaridad.
3. Vicente Barrantes' Teatro Tagalo - This article was
published on June 15, 1889, which exposed Barrantes'
ignorance on the theatrical art of the Tagalog.
Fr. Felipe Garcia- Fr. Felipe Garcia was a Spanish
Dominican friar who was Rizal's teacher and mentor when
he studied at the Ateneo Municipal in Manila.
4. Una Profanacion (A Profanation) - This was published
on July 31, 1889 as a bitter attack against the friars for
denying Christian burial to Mariano Herbosa, his
brother-in-law, who died of cholera.
Laureano Vida
Manuel Hidalgo
Seniorita Guadalupe Reyes- should be their teacher
Kidlat Club – an organization of Filipino expatriates to
foster unity among them in the Universal Exposition of
1889.
Indios Bravos – a name used by Filipino expatriates to refer
to themselves during the Paris Exposition of 1889.
Sobre La Indolencia De Los Filipinos- Longest essay
written by Rizal, which was published in five installments in
La Solidaridad from July 15 to September 15, 1890.
Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos (The Philippines a
Century) -hence to forecast the future of the country within
a hundred years. This essay came out as a series of 4
articles in La Solidaridad from September 30, 1189 to
February 1, 1890.
-This essay was Rizal's attempt at political prognostication
or prediction.
5. Verdades Nuevas (New Truths) - This was written by
Rizal on July 31, 1889 to answer the letter published by
Vicente Belloc Sanchez in La Patria, alleging that the
granting of reforms in the can redound to the destruction of
the peaceful rule of the friars in the Philippines.
6. Crueldad (Cruelty). This article was penned by Rizal on
August 15, 1889 to defend his friend Blumentritt from
defamatory and insulting attacks of the latter's enemies.
7. Diferencias (Differences). This was written on
September 14, 1889 as a reply on the attacks of the article
entitled Old Truths, published in La Patria, which ridiculed
the Filipinos who were then clamoring for reforms from the
Spanish government.
8. Inconsequencias (Inconsequences) - This was Rizal's
defense of Antonio Luna against the attacks of Pablo Mir
Deas published in El Pueblo Soberano, a newspaper in
Barcelona. The article was published in La Solidaridad on
November 30, 1889.
9. Llanto y Risas (Tears and Laughters). This article was
Rizal's denunciation of the racial prejudice of the Spaniards
against the Filipinos published on November 30, 1889.
10. Ingratitudes (Ingratitude). This was Rizal's response
to what Governor-General Weyler told the people on
Calamba that they should not be fooled by empty promises
of their ungrateful sons. This came out in the La Solidaridad
on January 15, 1890.
A Mi Musa (To my muse)- this poem was written by Rizal
in 1890 as a result of his disenchantment over the lukewarm
attitude of the Filipino expatriates in Spain working for
reforms from the Spanish government.
Pen Name – Laong Laan
Por Telefono – a satirical essay written by Rizal in response
to Fr. Font’s critique of Noli Me Tangere.
Rizal's Misfortunes
Suzanne Jacoby- One of the pretty nieces of the landladies.
Nelly Boustead- Younger daughter of Mr. Boustead. Nelly
was an epitome of a real Filipina, virtuous, highly intelligent
and full of life.
Rdlm El FiliPublication- September 1891
Savior of El Fili- Valentin Ventura
Comparison of Noli and El Fili
1. Noli- motherland, El fili- dedicated to the memory of
GOMBURZA.
2. Noli- 64 chapters and a romantic novel, El Fili - 38
chapters and a political novel, a work of the head and
book of thought.
Characters Comparison
Writings In Hong Kong
1. Ang mga karapatan ng tao- Rizal's version of rights of
human, a historic document proclaimed by the French
Revolution of 1789.
2. A La Nacion Española( To the Spanish Nation)Rizal's appeals to Spain to rectify the wrongs done to
landless peasants of Calamba.
3. Sa mga kababayan( To my Countrymen)-Rizal's
exposition on the Calamba Agrarian Problem.
La Liga Filipina- founded on July 3, 1892 in Calle Ilaya,
Tondo in the home of Doroteo Ongjungco.
Officers of the Liga
President- Ambrosio Salvador
Fiscal - Agustin De La Rosa
Treasurer- Bonifacio Arevalo
Secretary - Deodato Arellano
Noted members: Mabini, Bonifacio, Arellano, Paez,
Adriano, Del Rosario and Dizon.
Aims of La Liga Filipina- unification of the whole
archipelago into vigorous, compact body: mutual protection
in every want and necessity: defense against all forms of
violence and injustice: stimulation of instruction: agriculture
and commerce: and undertaking of study and application of
reforms.
Motto of the La Liga Filipina - Unus Instar Omnium or
One Like all.
Foster Father College Song for Young Pupils - Hymn to
Talisay
Three levels of organizational councils in La Ligapopular, provincial, supreme. Each level shall consist of a
chief, fiscal, treasurer, secretary and members.
Talisay- a college song for pupils he was teaching in
Talisay. This poem was used as evidence against him at his
trial.
Supreme Council- shall control the La Liga.
✓Members of the La Liga: shall pay a monthly due of ten
centavos, shall be duty bound to give preferential treatment
to members of the organizations in all his actions, he is
expected to recruit a member, contribute a piece of work or
an observation to the Liga.
✓ Liga died its natural death and split into two
branches.
Cuerpos De Compromisarios- rightist
KKK- leftist
Katipunan Date Of La Liga- The Katipunan, a secret
revolutionary society that eventually led the Philippine
Revolution, was founded in 1892, the same year when Rizal
established La Liga Filipina.
Fort Santiago – the prison where Rizal was brought and
incarcerated on November 3, 1896.
Jose Ma. Basa- Assistant on the drafting of the constitution
of the La Liga Filipina.
Ricardo Carnicero – the politico-military who received
Rizal. He became good friends with him and he was even
dedicated to a poem by Rizal entitled “A Don Ricardo
Carnicero”.
Josephine Bracken – the beautiful Irish lady with whom
Rizal gave his name and heart.
Juan Sitges – replaced Ricardo Carnicero as the
politico-military commander of Dapitan.
Federico Ochando – replaced Despujol as the Governor
General on May 24, 2893.
Rumors spread that Ochando ordered Sitges to shoot Rizal
the moment he tried to escape.
Ramon Blanco – replaced Federico Ochando as the
Governor General.
Prison Citadel – Fort Monjuich of Barcelona. It was where
Rizal was taken as a prisoner last October 3, 1896.
Pio Valenzuela – the emissary commissioned by Andres
Bonifacio. He informed Rizal of the plan of the Katipunan
and the need for his support to the revolution.
Friars Agent Spy Rizal – Pablo Mercado whose real name
was Florencio Namanan of Cagayan de Misamis. He offered
himself as a courier of Rizal’s letters and writings for
patriots in Manila.
Event Signaled the Outbreak of Philippine Revolution –
Bonifacio ordered his men to take out their cedulas and tore
them to pieces, shouting “Mabuhay ang Pilipinas!”.
Case Charged Against Rizal
● Publication and introduction of various anti-monastic
books and handbills;
● Traveling through the provinces without permit from the
Governor-General;
● Finding in his luggage the pamphlet Pobres Frailes
(Poor Friars) which mocked religious orders;
● Dedication of the El Filibusterismo to the memory of the
GOMBURZA; and
● His attempts at de-Catholicizing and denationalizing the
Filipino people
Defense Counsel
Judge Advocate – (1) Judge Advocate Colonel Francisco
Olive who summoned Rizal to appear before him on
November 20, 1896. (2) Captain Rafael Dominguez was
appointed as a special judge advocate by Governor General
Ramon Blanco.
Venue Of Rizal’s Trial –Halls of Banners of Cuartel de
España.
Camilo Polavieja – relieved Governor General Ramon
Blanco.
Sarda's Book- The book referred to here is "El Verdadero
Rizal" (The True Rizal) by Wenceslao Emilio Retana. It was
a biography that presented a negative and distorted view of
Rizal, aiming to discredit him and his nationalist activities.
Dr. Felipe Castillio
President Of Military Tribunal- The president of the
military tribunal during Rizal's trial was General Eulogio
Despujol.
The Prosecutor During Rizal Trial- The prosecutor during
Rizal's trial was government attorney Miguel Morayta.
Rizal's Philosophy