MOSCOW AVIATION INSTITUTE (NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY)
THERMODYNAMICS
Lecturer: assistant professor, Ezhov Alexey Dmitrievich
201 2B, ezzhov@gmail.com
THERMODYNAMICS
LECTURE 1
Introduction. Basic concepts and definitions.
Thermodynamic system. Thermodynamic parameters.
Thermodynamic processes.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Thermodynamics – is a science in which the storage, the transformation, and the transfer of
energy are studied.
Tasks for engineers:
Increase efficiency of different machine (engine, system, etc)
Thermodynamics used three major law for description of different phenomes:
- 1st law of TD (or law of energy conservation)
- 2nd law of TD ( or law of energy depreciation)
- 3rd law o TD ( or law of inexhaustibility of energy)
Energy - quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform
work on, or to heat, the object.
Energy is stored as:
- internal energy (associated with temperature),
- kinetic energy (due to motion),
- potential energy (due to elevation)
- chemical energy (due to chemical composition);
It is transformed from one of these forms to another; and it is transferred across a boundary
as either heat or work.
THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL VOLUMES
THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS AND CONTROL VOLUMES
PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM
PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM
Molecular mass m1- the mass of an individual particle, (kg)
Relative Molecular Weight :
where m12C - mass of carbon isotope
Molar mass - is the mass of one mole
where
mole-1 – Avogadro constant
PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM
PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM
Pressure - the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area
over which that force is distributed. (Pa)
-
Technical atmosphere AT
Physical atmosphere ATM
Bar
mmHg
mmН2О
Pressure as exerted by particle collisions inside
a closed container
PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM
PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM
Temperature in Kelvin where t – temperature in Celsius
Temperature in Fahrenheit (f) -
PROPERTIES AND STATE OF A SYSTEM
Density - substance is its mass per unit volume. (kg/m3)
If we divide an extensive property by the mass a specific property
results.
The specific volume is thus defined to be:
THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM; PROCESSES
THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM; PROCESSES