THERMODYNAMICS IS THE SICEINCE stude the relations between mechanical work and the heat and can
be defined as the changes in energy accompaing physical and chemical changes .thermodynamic is vvery
important in phase diagrams and extraction of materials
The energy of a body can be defined as its capacity for doing work ,based on the fact this energy can be
traslated into mechanical work . the newton is the force with produces a velocity of 1m/s when acting
upon mass of 1 kg for 1 second
First law of thermodynamics states the total enegy of the system and its surrounding remains constant
even it may be changed from one form to another.
U the internal energy or intrinsic energy . it is a thermodynamic variable or (property of state) and
extensive property. It is depending on the initial and final state do not on the path taken.
∆𝑈 = 𝑈𝐵 − 𝑈𝐴
∆𝑈 = 𝑞 − 𝑤
Q=heat absorbed by the system
W= work done by the system
EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES :THEY ARE DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE OR SUBSTANCES IN A
SYSTEM SUCH AS ENTROPY AND VOLUME.
INTENSIVE properties :they are not depend on the mass of a system such as viscosity,surface tension.