Urinalysis
Chapter 16 Clinical Procedures
KEY TERM ASSESSMENT
A. Definitions
1. R
14. M
2. D
15. E
3. S
16. B
4. T
17. F
5. G
18. O
6. U
19. L
7. I
20. P
8. K
21. H
9. J
22. W
10. N
23. Q
11. V
12. C
13. A
B. Word Parts
Word Part
Meaning of Word Part
1. an-
without, absence of
2. ur/o
urine
3. -ia
condition of disease
or abnormal state
4. bilirubino/o
bilirubin
5. dys-
difficult, labored,
painful
6. glyc/o
sugar
7. hemato/o
blood
8. keton/o
ketone
9. -osis
abnormal condition
10. noct/i
night
11. olig/o
scanty, few
12. poly
many
Medical Terms That Incorporate
Word Part
Word Part
Meaning of Word Part
13. py/o
pus
14. supra
above
15. pub/o
pubis
16. -ic
pertaining to
Medical Terms That Incorporate
Word Part
EVALUATION OF LEARNING
1. To regulate the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body and to remove
waste products.
2. What is the function of the urinary bladder?To store and expel urine.
3. In males, the urethra functions in transporting urine and reproductive
secretions. In females, the urethra functions in urination only.
4. The external opening of the urethra.
5. Water.
6. The excessive intake of fluids; the intake of fluids that contain caffeine and
diuretics; diabetes mellitus; diabetes insipidus; and renal disease.
7. Decreased fluid intake, dehydration, profuse perspiration, vomiting, diarrhea,
or kidney disease.
8. A clean-catch midstream specimen.
9. It contains the greatest concentration of dissolved substances.
10.Kidney stone formation.
11.The preservative could splash onto the patient’s skin, resulting in a chemical
burn.
12.An acidic urine becomes more alkaline, increasing the pH, which also may
cause a false-positive result on the protein test; bacteria multiply, resulting in
a cloudy specimen and an increase in the nitrite concentration; if glucose is
present in the specimen, it decreases in amount; any red or white blood cells
present may break down; casts decompose.
13. Concentrated urine contains more dissolved substances, making it darker in
color.
14.The presence of bacteria, pus, blood, fat, yeast, sperm, mucous threads, or
fecal material.
15. Ammonia.
16. It provides information on the ability of the kidneys to dilute or concentrate
the urine.
17.1.003 to 1.030.
18.Qualitative test results provide an approximate indication of whether a
substance is present in abnormal quantities. Quantitative test results indicate
the exact amount of a chemical substance that is present.
19. A bacterial infection of the urinary tract.
20. Urea (acidic) is converted to ammonia (alkaline) by bacterial action.
21. Diabetes mellitus, alimentary glycosuria.
22. Glomerular filtration problems, renal diseases, and bacterial infections of the
urinary tract.
23. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, starvation, a diet composed almost entirely of
fat.
24. Gallstones, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.
25. Injury, cystitis, tumors of the bladder, urethritis, kidney stones, and certain
kidney disorders.
26. A false-positive result may occur because of bacterial contamination from
the atmosphere.
27. In a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight with the cap tightly closed.
28. To help clarify the results of the physical and chemical examination of urine.
29. It is more concentrated and contains more dissolved substances; small
amounts of abnormal substances are more likely to be detected.
30. It causes them to become shrunken or crenated.
31. A cylindrical structure formed in the lumen of the tubules that make up a
nephron.
32. Candidiasis.
33. To assist in diagnosing a UTI; to assess the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy
for a patient with a UTI.
34. For the early detection of pregnancy and before certain medications are
ordered and before procedures are performed that may cause injury to a
fetus.
35. Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).
36.
Use clean urine containers.
Use a first-voided morning specimen.
Determine the specific gravity of the urine specimen before performing the
test. A specific gravity reading less than 1.010 may lead to false-negative test
results.
The urine specimen should be at room temperature.
The urine pregnancy testing kit should be stored according to information in
the product insert.
Test reagents past their expiration date should not be used.
If more than one patient is being tested at a time, label each testing device
to prevent mix-up of specimens.
If the internal control does not perform as expected, the test result is invalid
and must be retested.
A positive and negative external control should be performed with each new
lot of pregnancy testing kits and then monthly thereafter.
CRITICAL THINKING ACTIVITIES
A. First-Voided Specimen
1. It contains many dissolved substances, and if something is abnormal in your
urine it will be easier to detect it.
2. So there are no changes to the urine that could cause inaccurate test results.
B. Clean-Catch Specimen
1. To remove microorganisms that are normally present on the meatus.
2. So that contaminants are not brought from the anal area into the area that is
being cleansed. These contaminants could get into the urine specimen and
cause inaccurate test results.
3. To flush out microorganisms.
4. Touching the inside would contaminate it, and the test results may then be
inaccurate.
APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1. B.
2. C.
3. A
4. D.
5. D.
6. B.
7. B
8. C.
9. B.
10. A.
VIDEO EVALUATION FOR CHAPTER 16: URINALYSIS
Video: Procedure 16-1: Clean-Catch Midstream Specimen Collection
Instructions
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Video: Procedure 16-3: Chemical Testing of Urine with the Multistix 10 SG
Reagent Strip
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Video: Procedure 16-6: Performing a Urine Pregnancy Test
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