GROUP 10
NAME
REG NO.
MUSINGUZI TREVOR
21/U/13082/PS
ASABA KEITH ALVIN
21/U/09276/PS
ACHOM PHIONA
21/U/0683
MUGABA JOHN WERE 21/U/0817
OGUTI JOSEPH
21/U/08849/PS
DESCRIBE THE MAIN FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS OF PEDIGREE
METHOD AND OF MOLECULAR MARKERS IN PLANT BREEDING.
Pedigree method refers to a breeding method that involves
controlled pollination between two parent plants followed by
selection of off springs with desired traits.
FEATURES OF PEDIGREE METHOD
Controlled pollination.
Selection
Inbreeding
Hybridization
Testing and evaluation
CONTINUATION….
Pedigree records
Generation advancement
Backcrossing
Mass selection
Marker assisted selection
Participatory plant breeding
Recurrent selection
Doubled haploids
CONTINUATION
Genomic selection
Clonal propagation
Plant improvement
APPLICATIONS OF PEDIGREE METHOD
 it is used to improve on heritability characters that are quick and easy to
measure e.g. height and disease resistance
 improve a specific character in a variety
 it is useful in selection of superior recombinant types
Improves on yield quality
 produces plants that are disease and pest resistant
 produces plants that can be suited in a certain environment hence helps in
site species matching
APPLICATIONS OF PEDIGREE METHOD
Improves on the nutritional value of the plant
 environmentally sustainable plants are produced from this method
 it can be used to develop commercial crops with desirable traits
hence improving the income od farmers
MOLECULAR MARKERS
Molecular markers are specific DNA sequences that can be used to
identify and track particular genes or genomic regions.
Molecular markers are used in plant breeding to identify genes or
genomic regions that are associated with desirable traits, such as
disease resistance, high yield, or improved quality
Features of molecular markers
High accuracy
Non destructive
Earl selection
Objective
FEATURES OF MOLECULAR MAKERS
High throughput
Precision breeding
Genetic diversity
Cost effective
Applicable to a wide range of crops
Improves efficiency and productivity
Facilitates gene discovery
Facilitates marker assisted breeding
Facilitates conservation of genetic resources
APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR BREEDING
Through Marker Assisted Selection, specific plant traits that are
difficult to measure can be identified in a plant
Assessing genetic diversity of plant populations
 Identify regions with plants of specific quantitative traits such as
height and yield through use of Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping(QTL)
Gene editing
Genome Wide Association studies
Marker assisted backcrossing
Genotyping-by-Sequencing
Marker Assisted Introgression
Molecular breeding for Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic stresses
Plant Genomics and Bioinformatics
EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF GMO
. GMO, or genetically modified organism, refers to an organism whose
genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
Increased crop yields
Improved nutritional value in food
Reduced use of pesticides
Increased efficiency
Produce medicines at a low costs
Environmental sustainability
Global food security
Reduce problem of food spoilage hence minimizing food wastage
Reduce greenhouse emissions in the long run