IoT: Architectures, Protocols, and Applications
.‫ ריאן ביאטרה‬,‫ יצחק עזו‬:‫מגישים‬
.‫ ד''ר מרטין לנד‬:‫מנחה‬
‫מבוא‬
‫● ‪ IOT‬מספק יכולות אינטגרציה של אנשים עם מכשירים‪.‬‬
‫● שילוב של אינטרנט ו"דברים"‪ :‬שרתים ‪,‬חיישנים זעירים ‪,‬מכשירים חכמים ‪,‬רכבים‬
‫אוטונומיים ועוד‪.‬‬
‫● האבולוציה של ‪ – IOT‬התפתחות ודרישות חדשות המחייבות יצירת פרוטוקולים חדשים‪.‬‬
‫● קישוריות בכל מקום כדרישה מכרעת ‪ -‬לדעת לקלוט מידע ולדווח אותו באמצעות‬
‫פרוטוקולי תקשורת שונים‪.‬‬
‫● סביבה וירטואלית המאפשרת בקרה ושימוש מיטבי ביישומי המערכת‪.‬‬
What is IoT?
Internet of Things (IoT)
1
Sensors
2
Actuators
3
Processors
Vermesan Definition
Physical
DigitalWorlds
Pena Lopez Definition
Computing & Networking
Any Conceivable Object
‫הארכיטקטורה של ‪IOT‬‬
Architecture of IoT
Three Layer Architectures
Five Layer Architectures
‫זיהוי וגילוי משאבים‬
‫● היעדר אלגוריתם גילוי יעיל עלול לגרום לעיכובים בביצוע‪ ,‬לשימוש לקוי ושגיאות בזמן‬
‫ריצה‪.‬‬
‫● חקירות תעשייתיות וקהילות מחקר‪.‬‬
‫● שיטות ודרכים לניצול משאבים זמינים‪ :‬גישת מערכת הערפל‪.‬‬
‫● שימוש והרחבת פרוטוקולים קיימים לטובת ‪.IOT‬‬
‫● מניפולציות של מטא דאטה‪.‬‬
Two kinds of Systems Architectures: Cloud and Fog
‫ מחשוב ערפל‬vs ‫מחשוב ענן‬
Internet of Things: An Overview by Farzad Khodadadi, Amir Vahid :‫מתוך המאמר‬
‫מחשוב ענן בשילוב עם מחשוב ערפל‬
Sensor
Device= Internal state & environment
1
mobile phone
2
microwave oven
Actuator
Device= Change in the environment
Speaker actuator
Temperature controller of an air conditioner
Social IoT
The major components in such a system:
(1)ID
(2) Metainformation
(3) Security controls
(4) Service discovery
(5) Relationship management
(6) Service composition
Representative Architecture
The server side architecture typically has three
layers.
)1( The base layer
)2( Component layer
)3( The application layer
On the device (object) side, we broadly have two layers.
)1( The object layer.
)2(The social layer
Taxonomy
based on the architectural elements
The first architectural component of IoT is the perception
layer.
1.The most generic sensor available today is the smartphone.
2. measuring temperature, pressure, humidity, medical
parameters of the body, chemical and biochemical substances,
and neural signals.
3. A class of sensors that stand out is infrared sensors that
predate smartphones.
The most common
communication
technologies for short range
low power communication
protocols are RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification)
and NFC (Near Field
Communication). For the
medium range, they are
Bluetooth, Zigbee, and WiFi.
Communication in the IoT
world requires special
networking protocols and
mechanisms.
Software
We shall subsequently look at two kinds
of software components:
1) middleware
2) applications
Sensors and Actuators
Sensors are essential
components of smart objects.
1( small in size
2(low cost
3(consume less power.
Kind of sensors
1.Mobile Phone Based Sensors
2. Medical Sensors
3. Neural Sensors
4. Environmental and Chemical Sensors
5. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)- active and passive
6. Actuators.
Preprocessing
As smart things collect huge amount of sensor data, compute
and storage resources are required to analyze, store, and
process this data.
For example the cloud but this will not be sufficient to meet
the requirements of many IoT applications.
(1) Mobility
(2) Reliable and real time actuation
(3) Scalability
(4) Power constraints
Solution AND EXAMPLE
A solution to these problems is fog computing
1.Low latency: less time is required to access
2. Location awareness
3. Distributed nodes
4. Mobility
5. Real time response
6. Interaction with the cloud
Some applications of fog computing
1. Smart vehicular networks
2. Smart grid
Communication
communication challenges involved:
(1)Addressing and identification
(2) Low power communication
(3) Routing protocols
(4) High speed and nonlossy
communication.
(5) Mobility of smart things.
connect to the Internet through the IP
IoT devices typically connect to the Internet through the IP
1.Near Field Communication (NFC)
2.Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
3. IoT Network Protocol Stack
4.Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
5.Low Power WiFi
6.Zigbee
7.Integration of RFID and WSN
8.Low Power Wide-Area-Networks (LPWAN)
9.Lightweight Application Layer Protocols
Middleware
It should act as a software bridge between the
things and the applications.
The challenges
1.Device discovery and management
2. Scalability
3. Big data and analytics
4. Security and privacy:
5. Cloud services
6. Context detection
middleware solutions
There are many middleware solutions available
for the Internet of Things
1. Event based
2. Service oriented
3. Database oriented
4. Semantic
5. Application specific
Applications of IoT
1. Home Automation
2. Smart Cities
a. Smart Transport
b. Smart Water Systems
c. Examples of Smart Cities.
3. Social Life and Entertainment
4. Health and Fitness
5. Smart Environment and Agriculture.
6. Supply Chain and Logistics
7. Energy Conservation
Design Considerations in an IoT System
The important factors that we need to
consider are the distance between the
sender and the receiver
1. the nature of obstacles
2. signal distortion
3. ambient noise,
4. governmental regulations.
‫יתרונות‬
‫● מהירות‬
‫● חסכון בעלויות‬
‫● אמינות‬
‫● נגישות‬
‫● מודולריות‬
‫● חסכון בכוח אדם‬
‫● יתרון תחרותי‬
‫חסרונות‬
‫● תקלות טכניות‬
‫● תלות בקישוריות לרשת האינטרנט‬
‫● אבטחה‬
‫● מיתוג ומיגרציה‬
‫● מגבלות שליטה‬
‫ביבליוגרפיה‬
1. Internet of Things: An Overview by Farzad Khodadadi, Amir Vahid Dastjerdi, and Rajkumar Buyya.
2. Review Article: Internet of Things: Architectures, Protocols, and Applications by Pallavi Sethi and Smruti R.
Sarangi.
3. Turning Internet of Things(IoT) into Internet of Vulnerabilities (IoV) : IoT Botnets by Kishore Angrishi.
4. Internet of Things: Converging Technologies for Smart Environments and Integrated Ecosystems
5. .‫ השולטים בעתיד‬:‫ בתוך‬,‫האינטרנט של הדברים‬
6. Internet Of Things Edureka.
‫שאלות?‬