MOTIVATION: GOAL SETTING BEHAVIOR DEFINITION OF TERMS Motivation. The term motivation is derived from the word, “motive” which means the inner state that energizes, activates or moves and that which directs behavior towards our goals. Other term used tot described motivation are “drive, “needs,” or “desire.” Motivation starts when a person perceives a need that must be satisfied. This perception occurs when some form of stimulus attracts a person’s attention to the need. When the person perceive the need, he is motivated to act in order to satisfy. DRIVE Drive is physiological condition which impels the organism to become active. It is unlearned, and is engaged for immediate satisfaction. The gaining of satisfaction reduces or eliminates tension caused by the drive or urge. MOTIVE Defines a motive as “something that incites the organisms to action or that sustain and gives direction to action once the organism has been aroused”. GOAL Refers to a substance, object or situation capable of satisfying a need and toward which motivated behavior is directed. NEED A need is defined as “a lack of something required for the survival, health or well-being of an individual.” ORIGIN OF MOTIVES Motives originate either from biological or physiological source or from an environmental influence. A motive may arise from biological need such as the need for food or water which will drive an individual to seek food when hungry or drink when thirsty. Motive may also caused by environmental influence CLASSIFICATION OF MOTIVES Hilgard categorized motives into survival motives, social motives, and ego integrative motives. Other behavioral scientists classify motives as biological or physiological motives, social or psychological motives, and personal motives. Common needs tend to vary in their actual application or prominence for each individual. A. SURVIVAL MOTIVES Hunger Thirst Recovery from fatigue Maintenance of Temperature Normalcy Maintaining Proper Elimination Avoidance of Pain B. SOCIAL MOTIVES Affectional drive Need for security and Safety Sex urge The need of Affliation Gregariousness Dependency or succorance Social approval C. PERSONAL MOTIVES Recognition The power drive or dominance Achievement Autonomy Defensiveness drive THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Motivation theories are products of man’s thinking. Man formulates theories of motivation while trying to explain the behavior of his fellowman, particularly the reason behind people’s actions. THEORY OF SEQUENTIAL DEVELOPMENT the organization of basic need described by Abraham H. Maslow, a social anthropologist, is helpful in understanding the variety of needs of an individual. He present seven levels arranged in hierarchy. Arranged from lowest to highest levels. HIERARCHY OF NEEDS PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY Sigmund Freud is known as the father of psychoanalysis . He consider personality to have three structures: the ID, the EGO, and the SUPEREGO. His contention is that behavior that we manifest is the product of these 3 structure. PRINCIPLES GOVERNING HUMAN BEHAVIOR The pleasure Principle Reality Principle Tension-Reduction Polarity or Duality principle Repetition-Compulsion Principle SUPERIORITY AND INFERIORITY THEORIES There are seven principles of human behavior which present accurately the salient features of Adler’s work Inferiority Superiority Style of Life Creative self Conscious self Fictional Goal Social Interest this NEED THEORY theory was advanced by Henry Murray, an American who constructed a projected test known as Thematic Appreception Test to measure human psychological needs. Some of these needs are dependence, dominance,exhibition,avoidance,succornace,etc. Superiority principle Inferiority principle Adler believes that man is born into the world feeling incomplete and unfulfilled, with a deep sense of inferiority. Man, according to Adler, wishes grow out of feelings of being inadequate or inferior. To Adler, there is only one drive, and that is desire for superiority. THEORY OF FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY OF MOTIVES This theory was advance by Gordon Allport who states that the motives of a person develop in his attempts to sastify other motives, continue to function automatically, despite the absence of further reinforcement of physiological condition originally responsible for them.
