Presentations- opening
Thereai€ a greatvariety of presentaiionconiexts:
Col p.., pr.'pnrJ
m i u r p r o d L .r s .
harkets, plans for the f!ture).
. Produci prescniation(featuresand bencfiisof a nei! p.oduct).
rL Internal presentationreporting financialor salesfigu.es.
a Internal presenlaiionanalyzinga problem and sugteshng
1r Welcomingvisitols.
' A - \ , ' ( r . . o r h e r F \ n - - p F a lc l l . n t t h h . rm , . r u r 8o r .
1I additioll, dre.car. a \,arieiy of presentaiionshles:
/:' formal, sfructuled,rehearsed,iaking qucstionsat thc end.
/r Info.mal, partly improvised,interal:tint {'ith the nudrence.
4, Somewherebchrccn ihe h!o: using a basicstructurc,but
alownrg occasionalopportlnities for quesiionsind inte.action.
Which style yot usc dcpcndsnot onlv on your audiencean.t its
cxpecLrtrons,
tui.lso on vo! ard lour per$nali\r
Itcad ihe opennl8to i t'clcomnrg \isikrJ presentihonin the
n.\t.olunrr. (Th( miin body and ck)seof a prese.tationare
.ov.r.d ln lrits 52 53 )
Noii.c ho$ thc prcs.ntcr begnrsby giynrg ans\Lersto a11the
ph.ii.ii qresti(insthat nright be nr ih. aldience'smind
l c t \ \ h a t j s t h L ' . i mo f i h i st . l k ? I l o w l o r g r ! i l i i t I a s t ?l { i l l
th.r bc a IrrLIk?Who is ihc pcrn)n spe.king?Who is ihat man
The pr.s.ni.r thcn givesan outlinc of lh. siructurL'orth.
Finally,befd. bogitulnlg,the presoter makesii cl..r $hcih.r
au.jiencenxrnb.rs can iitcrrupt rliih questioDs,or kcep them
well, good noming, eyeryone. On behau of BCC
lnternationalI'd like to welcomeyou here to our offlces.
Cd elervone seeat the back?OK.
T h p J n o l l h F . h u f l l d l l r . t o B i v ey o , i n o v e d i e $
ol our companyand its products.l'11speakfor abolt
thiriv mimtes, and then rvc'll iake a break for coffee and
biscuiis.After that, ni aroud ten thiitt we'li take you on
a tour of the fnctorv
Before$,e begin,just a few words aboutmyself. My
name is Anna Edelmam and l'm in chargeof public
lciations hereat BCC.I'i.c b.en with ihe companyfor
h{che vears,and I sokcd in ihe salesareabefore
l should also iniroduce my colleagueMiAndersen
over thcre in the comer Mr An.lc.senis our plant
manaSe!and he willbe lcading the fa.tory tour.
l'v. dn'ided this presentitioninto four sections.
First l'd like to show you a timclnreof our company
so you can seehow we'vc g.orvn an.l developedover
thc vcars.fien I'll talk a littlc about our markel and
how it's chanlling.After th;rt l'll move on io disclss
customization,and ho$,we fecuson tailoring our
productsto our customcrs'noods.
F i n a l l , I ' l l g i v e y o u a l i t t l c t o c h n i c abla c k g r o u n ido
help you understandthe n.w technologvthit you'lltrc
seeingon the factory kNr
Ii you haveany qu.sircns,pleascfcclfrec k) intcrrupL.
OK,lefs begin with ihis first slidc,which show5...
fhe phrases you need gg
Cet attention anC inler,651
OK,letsgetnafted Goadnornlngeveryane
andwel@neta
Letme askyoua questian(+ rhetorcaquenon)
Caneverybadysee)
Takea loakat thispicturc Whatda-.sn rcllyauabout. ?
BetareI begln,1d like ta thank(nane) for )nvitlngne heretoday 5omebo./y
orc€raicl 1+qlotation)
Onbehalfaf BCClnterhatianalI d like to v/e\(oneyou hercto
Didyau knowthat ..? (+ slersing ndtrttl:)
tt's gaod to seeso nahy peopleheretaday.
l'm veryhappyta be here.
Personal !ntroductio|1s
Letne staftby introducinqnyseif l\,ly nameis
lust a few wardsabaut nyself,
Perhaps
I shouldjust intrcduceonear tuvopeoplein theraam
Ll!?iert;re
Thetitle af ny presentatian)s .
ThismatningI m going ta talkabout . .
Thealn af thisshoft talkis to . .
106
Audience ltreneii't
I hape thispresentationwill enableyau to ..
8y the end of ny talkyolt will
itru.ture
I ll speakfot about thiny minutes.
, .".litd"d
nt GlL ." a fou! n"t pdfi. s.c\ar.
Thenl ll talk a liftle about ...
After that l ll movean ta ..
It you have any queslons, pleasefeel frce to tnteffupt.
Ot ].t b.oi ^ah the ltt , pa.t
Lde ^n.cr 4
@
,r"r",rr.aions- mainbody
'Th€ phrasesyou
ned'below shows someptuases
that can make you presentation easier to follow You
will have to supply the contentyouself of coursel
4/ Signposts: these ale phrases ihat say (here you'ie
8oh8 in rpm\ of lh. mrin rup( - ol \ our r.rL
,? DcvploDi .op( tn, -e D"ri.e. d'e rrui-srCnpo-rwithin a topic. By cxplicitly saying what l.ou re
gohg io talk abouinext, the audiencecan follow
''
... Or, ters mou" o. to rhe nexr poini, which is wmo enelgy
ieclnology. The mdkei for wind tubines. is shifiing toom otrhore
to oifslble. It might be Getu1 to give a liiile background hde. As
you cd s@ on this ncxl sLide,onshore wind fams have several
draivback: tust you ned a ieLiably windy iftatioo se€ondthe
l d t u Ld . . ' " r p \ - - c l p o u u d . r . a n d t l u d t n p r ea r e . o m es e r i o b
enginc.ring questions.
What are these engineering questioro? Basically rhere are two
issues.Firstlv,the stabiljtyof the struciuieas you make ir bigger md
sccondLythe problemof hai ing the bladesalways facingthe wind.
So the trend is towards offshore wind fams, ano n€ic are some
cnginee.ing.haUenSeshere.Have a look ar this slide it shows thc
designfor an offshorcturbine that sits on the surfaceof the sca.
It's threetimes more
efficientthan an onsho.e
tu.binc oi equivalentsize.
What is the reasonlor ihisT
Thc reasonis that it usesa
completelydif fereni design
that isn't dependenton the
wind clirection.There is a
Ia.gc V'shapedst ucturewith
rigjd'sails'mounted along
its length.As the wind passes
over thesethey act like ahfoils" and rhis gcnerateslift and htrns tho
structureas a whole.
I would like to stressthat this designis not yer in commcfcial
production,but a prototype is currently being resredoff rhc coasrof
Scodand.
OK. Are ther€any questionsso far? Doesanyonehavc any
(, Focus:theseplrases are also mini-signposts.
Youle saying io the audience:'pl.ase pay extra
alieniion for thc next few fromcnts'.
't Question answc. askinga qu€siionand rhen
irFhpri.ri',our,lIi.d.anddrd rc.hni.lup.n
publi. .pp.'\in8 Th. tuej ,'n , -clc, interer r
ihc tnind of the listcn€rs,ihe answc. providesthe
satisfactimof closure.
I ttcfer to visralsr bc carefulnot to rclv too much on
your slides.s thcy can sendpcoplc into a tranceof
bor€dom.Di.cct aiiention back to vourselfofien.
Ask fd contributions:stopat scvcralpoi'rts
during the frain presentationkr takc questiors- it
(rcai.s rnter.st and makesthe p.csentationmore
R..Lt thc presrntationextrnctin thL'ncrt columr,,
q hich showssomc of thcsctechniquesand phrascs
nr contc\t. The contc'ntin ihis cas. is rechnic.l
- about wind en{rgy rcchnohgy.
It Lookingjust at dlc first half of ihis cxtrad, norice
how thc p,€seDtorguidcs the audicn.cr signposting
t l r ' n . ' i n l ^ p i . r . ' r ' n g l h . r l! , m . b d c ( B r ^ u n d, :
. u m i n gn c \ r .d i n c r i n gr r l e - n , {tru d , i d o r . ,- , n g . l
qlrestionto createintcrest,focusingon iwo issues.
Allof this makesthc preseniatioreasi& io follow.
r \rinJ rurbinr:lallsrn'.trtrwrh pirrsrlrrato iumcdby lhewind,uscdtor
"
atlojl:.ud&l
pid on af air.rnfi s wing rhir helps ir kl.i*
in thc air
The phrasesyou need B
Signposts
AK Lets nave an to Iturnaur
attenttanto .. / takea loakat . .
Thisleadsne to ny nextpoint, whid
EarlierI nentianed ..
l'llsaynorc abautthislater/ t'ltcome
backta thisin a monent
Justto digrcssfor a nonent, . .
Develop a topi(
It might be useful ta give a liftle
Lets examine this in n,are detail.
Let me explain with a.ancrete
lt4y awn view an this is . .
r0E
Easically,. / Toput it sinply,
5a, tat me,thenain issuehercis ...
Ithinkthe,earethreequestions
to
I would like to stress/ enphasi2ethat
Reter to visuals
As yau can seean thb nextJide .
l'd like to highlighttuvothingson this
table/ chan/diagtan ...
What]s lnterestingan thls slidels . .
I d hketa clrawyour aftentbn ta ...
Ask for contributions
Are theteanyquestionssa far?
Question-answer
Whatb the rcasonfar this?Thercason Doesanyonehaveanycomments?
Hov\/doesthis relateto yau own
Haw nuch is thisgoing to.ast? Well,
the figues shaw ..
50 whatcanwe do aboutallthis?t'11
tellyou Weplan ta
Presentations- closing and questions
The following sequenceprovides a guide for how to end a
Preseniation eflectively.
i Signalihe end: lhis meansusing a tignposi' ptuaseto tell
the audicnceexplicitly thai you're Soing1ofinsh. (See
unit52 for ihe meaningof'signpost phrasc'.)
:' Slmmarizc: summarizethe main points, md .dd a fcN
obsen,ationsor detailsfor inte.est.fcrhaps hale bullci
points on a final slide,and then girc a ]ilely commenl
aboui whai reallv matiersf.r. cachone (a'i.ke-hone
Concludcryou can concludewiih. fliendlv commeni,
a fnlalslidc (wiih a shong inag. or mcssagc),b!
mentioninglh. benefitslorr talk h.s Encn thc audicncc,
or by l@king Iomad to the futu.c - Mith a call io action
or an nispnaiionalmessage.linall)t a strcng 'Th.nk lou
all fo. coming' $ill hopefully p.oducc somc ipplausci
Invite queslions:'Do )ou hire inv qucstions?is usunlly
Dc.l s'ith qu.siions: tho b.sic ran8. oftechn\ues.rc:
1 ltcsFondpositivei\,',
thrn ins$'cr
2 Cli,ify / Ask for repctition.
:l ltc.lircci io thc qrcstioncr
+ Itodirccii() lhc g(ntP.
5 Dolav an i,nsx'cr
6 C o n t r o lt h c l i n i n S .
Itead ih. prosentitiul cxhaci in iho ncxt colunu, $r1,.n
sho$,ssonr. of thcsctcchrrquesind phriscs in contcrt. li is
t h e c l o s i n gp . r t o f . ' w e l c o m i n gv i s i i r t r t p' r c s c n t a t ( .
Right, that brings me io the end of my presentation.
Justio summarizeihe main poinls again:Ibeganby
telling vo! a littie about the hisiory of our compant
and you saq' our growth from a smail family firm to the
intemationaloperationthai we are ioday.
f \ , r I r . ' . l p da D o - lu u r m J r l e r , . o h o w n p r .
technologiesare openingup cxciting possibilitiesfor the
Alter ihai I erplained horv customizationis at the heart
oi our businessmodel our dienis all gei tailormade
solutionsbasedon their individual needs.
Finally I gale vou somc informaiion about our
manulacturingptucess,.nd volr sarvhow we achleveour
erceptionallevelsof qualit_vand pcrfornan.e.
OK, l'd like to finish by savint thai it's . great pleasurc
ror us to welcomevou heretuday,and I hope thai you
enjoy the factory tolr which ac'vc plannedfor ),ou.Wc'lL
siart on the toui after n sho.t brcak for refreshments.
Thank you all for.ominS. (nptln!s.)
l've 8ot somehandolrtsherc- l'll passthem round.
Thcy show all the slidesI uscd in my talk and my conrrct
ctctailsarc at the back.
Do you haveany quick qucstionsbcforc wc brcak?
Yes,the gentlemanat ihe back with thc rcd iic.
Comparu
l h o o p . n i n gi n u n i t 5 l w i t h t h . . l o s i n g c x t r a .kl )
thcsanreprus.ntntion.bovc. Th. pr.{ntcr ktd thc.udifn.a
sllat shr s.! going to siy nt theopcning,.nd now hercit
thecl(){ shorupoitsthc main pointsagaitr.lhis rcnrforfts
the kev casnndm.kcs thcn easierio rcmembc'.
fhe phrases you need t€
Sign:ll ih,o enrl
Right,that bringsne nea y ta the end of my prcsentatian
5umnr:rize
Just to sunnaize the rr,ain pointl aqaln,
So, ta sumrnatize, we laoked at fout main points lbegan by
tellitg yau a lttle abaut . Then I talked about
Ahel
that I explainedhow ... finally I
td hke ta finish by taying
Sa,tn canclusian,I hape that thls talk hasgivenyou ...
Naw we haveto . / t'n askinga af you ta ... / our joh is
Thankyau all for caning I hape it's been useful
110
Pr.!'iiczl inrtlerr
t vegot samehandoutsherc.
Heresmy emailincaseyauwantta get in tauch
jnvite guestions
Dayauhaveanyquestians?
Yes,theqentienan/ ladyovel
the,e^lnhtherccltte/ the blackjacket.
Ilow if yau haveanyquestians,l'11do ny bestto answel
D e a lw i t h q u e s l i o n s
Thats a verygoadpoint / l'n qladyouaskedne that
satry canyou explainthatagain?
5a, I I understandWU caftectly,you'reasking...
Thatsan interesting
questionWhatsyaurawn apinlonT
Hasanyaneeheexpeiencedthe samething?
I thinkthat outsidethescopeol thispresentatlan,
but I m
happyto discussit with you afteruvards.
OK,lthtnkthete'stine fot anelartquestian.
The languag€ of trends is important not iust fo. pres€ntatids, but ako for business leporls. You may
want to des.ribe movemats in financial indicators (eg I,rofits, co6ts), sales md f,a*eting indicators
(e8 sales,mark€t shaie), or @nomic indi@toE (eg inbr€st rat€s, unemploytlmt). Often this lan$age
wiil be used to explain a graph or chart
Many verbs descdbe the dtu€ction of movemerll
st bility andInsrability
Movementup and down
I kll
90 doM / decrease
.
/
+t\y'\+
\
tatgEr movemer{ up and
doubleI takeofl I b@n /
Jf
Altemativel, you may want to rctur to tulnhg points or individual points:
-l-
'#is"""""lf V
Hrhr"*.
"". "poln$
Indlvidual polnts on a
|
Someverbsdescribea changein size,and othe$ saywhetherthings ar€good or bad:
'm#,Tx!,r*'t^y
h,
I i;0,."".
Good/ bad
Ctrangein siz€
o-O*o
I sales
I
To makeyour descriptionmor€a€curateyou canthen talk aboutthe speedand amountof dange:
co|EidenblyI significantly
n&Btely I to sone adent
-r-
Try alsoto get the piepositionright:
Salesstoodat €1.2n
Saleshercased
W il.2i, | 15%
Salesroselfttn €1.2to A.4n
Thqe was atinq?tse in s,'lesol €0.2n
And finaly think about the verb forE|Time pedod complete (past simpl€)
satesmse W 2% last quttet.
Action / situ.tion in pmgr€ss in th€ pasl (prst coniinuo8)
Things wrc ersiet in the conwry alew yarc ago,while profts wee tui'tg.
Time perioil noi complete (pEsent peifect)
Pnfts haoe n6efl EignifranttV this vear.
ker€nt reEult of a pdt action (pr€6€nt perfect)
Showirg that one pat €v€nt happened before dother (past pe ect)
B4oft tte cEo ftsignd ptufts had tbeady lo enby20% h'awr.
'will'tulur€ for geneial b€liel6, pr€dictioB dd lads
Pncesh@e nsen because
of highs naterhk risLs.
On dt lpditors ui
Action / situation in prcgBs
now (present
Infatiofl is tising at the ,noment.
lace ttu *nE Wbbig as us.
'going to'frt|E
when there is stroag F€seni evidene for a
pEdiction
E eryW tu?s o1Enew plodu.t line - 1'1nsffi it's goins to be o succ5s.
All the language above Efers ro describing tl€nds. In lmit 55 you'tl s€€ some language for analrzing trends.
112
)
Presentations - trends ll
Unit 54 gave somelanguagefor desc.ibingtrends.But in a
Presentationor report vou will probablv alsohaye to gire
someanalysis.Yo!, nray irali b gn,e reasonsfor the hends,
to show iheir results,o. to Biveadditional information.
Rcid ll'r- p\r-.r lror in .-rr1r,lprp.ent.rri. . 1rl\/. .B
rSalcsfor ihe fn'sthalf of the
ve.r $'ere disappointing,
mainly becauseof the lack ofnew prodrct lines.
':How.ver,r!€ launchedhro new lines in
]une and
p r o no r . d l l ' e n s , r h r . l r o l g m J r le r i r L. i n p r r A n o l e r
ihe surmer. rAs a res!lt of lhis cimpaign, snlesbeganto
imp.ovc. {Ev the end ofAugusi th.\'r'ere 10.r higher on
: ) c J t r o r F y ct.,rFr i - ./ l l l ' o u E hl h . f e L l l " . r ^ r B . r i n . \ p r
Septenrbc!and Ociober
Scntcncct h.sthestrrctl,rc'.csult' (lis.ppoirting s.lcs)
'rcison (Lr.k of ncu
|.oducl lnrcs) S€nience3 has thc
'res!lt (salesb.gan
sltr,clurc 'r.ison' (ihis c.nrpiign)
l(' i'npu'c). Thd worls /',rr,!s. (t. nsd ^r/r o/ nnd dr. r,,
. . f a l l L r cl n i i f R r i ( f c c I i n d s . n i . n . . 3 i n . s i t n i l a r
S.ntcr(L 2 lr.gins with ,onti).,,.rn!l ihis $or!l adds aa
. r . r r L ' n ' u - J r r ' \ , r , r n ( . 1( L l . , i l r r h t . ( \ r { r .
Riton.u. fhf ilo'l1s ,.rfa
drdl,d,ris anli.r(, !, c<1n
. r l lb o u s o . li n . r s i n r i l . rw i r l h c \ . ' r ei l l f ( n l ( \ ! c d t r ! . 1
Sontcn.crt hasdl/l,drr/,ii thc middlc of th. scnirncc This
wdd
t()l'lucesan idta th.t is su$risnrg afier n pre\ bus
idL'nin thc snm. s.nicrc.. Comp.rc Mith /],)nr'..r (hich
rcius backtoil differcDlsonllrrcc.
,4lir.rsr..n nlso b. nscd al thl' bcginning of n senien..,
blri ih. N\o cont|nstnrgid.as .rL'still ii thL's.mc scnt.n..:
Altharsh srlcsroft ltish.tttt th. aitl of Arlrit, th.ttl.ll lr[k
,Srn' t, -st/.rlb The sards r//ror.!/, .nd d., rrdr.!1,cin
be uscd nr a snnih. sav
Now read ihis ne\t e\tract from ihc sam. prcs.ntation.
5Thisdrop h srles over Scptcmberan.]
Octoberled
to a seriesofmeetings s'herewc cxaminedour whole
shategvin d.pth. !'Chrishnaswas approaching,an.t the
Chr;tmas scasonproducesa largc p.rt of our amual
sales.TMoreovcr,we h,erelosing narkei shareto our main
.omPetiior 3As a result,we in.reasedour advertjsing
budget for Novcmber and Decenber and chalgcd ou
use of differentmedja.'yOutdooradloiising on biilboards,
b$es and bus stopsinc.eased,while our a.1lertisingiI
magazinesand newspapersdecrcasert.
Sentcnce5 has the sblcturc 'reason (drop in sales)
'result
Geriesof treeiings).The sentenceusesLhelerb
'lead io' io expiessthis.
The lerbs /.ad lo dd,"rr/1tr ce
be used ina similar Far.
1i.{
Senience7 usesMdfurc/ to giv. additional information
that supporis the previoussentence.Th€ words Molcoret
Furthuinrc anll Llladtliti can all be usedin a similar
sa\: Thevle all folloved by a coma.
Sentencc6 usesAs d rerrll b give ihe r€suli of the
oltltir
Pre\ious sentence.The wotds As n rc.uU,Bccnuse
and T/,.relof.can allbe used in a simihr rvay.They'rc all
foll$led bv. comma.
Sentencet has r'/ril. in the middle of ihe senience.This
n"r,\.. -ir.lp,.-ri.
lFl*.cn tw,, .! \..(.np.rr.
with dllllorl.q/l
$,herethereis a scns. ofsurprise ) The
rro.ds nt!/. and a'llRrr c.n bc uscd h i similar way.
The tablebcloi! pr€sentsall this languagctogcthcf.Noic
that some$ ords lik. A.drrs. d/ and tr sfilr, (,farc foLlorvcd
immediatelvbv n noun phrase,whilc othcnvords likc
8.n s. and 1,,sril!..,tir. /ir.r rrri are rdlowcd by a subject+
B(rt!
8&?r!
,t:tit.
ht :pit.
t)f the nrketu'g.rhpnip n lrn(,!rt\,., n\$ttt.
r,c tdd d ,!rt.rtr{ tdkl i! h llrt, srtt! r\.nns.d.
offhe poor tu.nth.t i't ltu,
t$ ...
ol tht tit(t tllat th.t. ens pot t\\ttl1( r1 lrl1t,sdl$ ..
fhe phrases you need t€
Reason result {ie (ause
consequen(e)
Because
af / Dueta / As a .esultof + noln phrase,
8 F Q u , a D u a- o - h p . a .rtr a + , . b a r , , a . o
reIetrn9 to the prevo!s sentenc€
Eecauseof ths. / As a result,/ Thercforc,
lea.l to / rcsult in
Result
reason (ie consequence
becauseof / as a rcsuhof / due to
cause)
Making a simple (ontrast
. whtle / whereas
Adding a surprising or unexpected idea
Hawevet,/ Neveftheless,
/ Evensa,
]n spneat / Despne+ rcun pftase,
]n splteaf th-. fact that / Despir€the lact thai + sublecl
. , although / even though
Althaugh / Eventhaugh
,
Giving additional information
Morcover, / Fufthemate, / ln additian, .
Seeunit 69 for other e ords like As r r.srl, Horrdoel and
&l.r?dfdr that begin a senten e by making a link to the
Presentations - review
s5.1 Matchthe beginningof each
phrase1-10with its correct€ndinga-j.
1 oK, et's.. t2 l{ youhave.nyquenions, i
3I'comeback..
4 I v€ d videdmytalk. .
5 Jlst to digress
for
6 LetSexamne this.
8 My own view.. i
9 OK,that'sa want..
10 Right,etsbegn ...
b gel n:rted. Caneverybody
see?
d rntothreeman pans.
f
g
h
i
j
on to the secondpoint
please
fee freeto interrupt.
to thisin a rnoment.
w1htheli6t 5ide.
to eayaboutthe frrstpo nt
Continu€as before.
I I Asyoucans€e
l2 beganbytelllng
yoLr.
l3 'd likeusto
14 J!stto summarize
15 Letmeexpain ..
16 Now do youh.ve..
17 Rghi,ihaibrngsmeto..
l8 Thank
yo! all..
19 Thisleads
me ..
20 Whats thereason..
56.2 Completethe diagrambelowso that it indudesall the twenty phrases
from 56.1.Youwill seethat €ight phras€shavealreadyb€enused.Findand
write the othertwelve phras€sby matchingthem with a pictureclue.
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Now,da yau haveany questions?
wh€n you finish,look backat the whole sequenceand readthe phrases
aloud.Canyou seehow th€se'signpostphrases'helpthe audienceto
lollow the presentaiion?
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