Megloblastic
Anemia
By
Shabaz Ahmed Khawaja
Rashid Pirzada
Moiz Shah
Fahad Arif
Iqra Hadayat
Khizran
Khansa Aurangzeb
Defination :
 Type of anemia characterised by the formation of
unusally large,abnormal and immature red blood cells
called magablasts by the bone marrow,which are
released into the blood.
Causes
 Vitamen B 12 deficiency
 Folic Acid deficiency
 Prenicious Anemia
 Drugs
 Acute Luekemia
Signs and Symptoms
 Shortness of breath
 Muscle weakness
 Abnormal paleness of skin
 Fast heart beat
 Smooth tender tongue
 Nausea
 Numbness in extremities
 Loss of appetite
Pathophysialogy :
 Impaired DNA synthesis :
- Delayed nuclear maturation
- DNA abnormalities including chromatin strands
breaks.
 Ineffective hematopoiesis :
- Hyperproliferative marrow, but many cells die within
marrow.
Genral Findings
Investigations
Folate Deficiency
Vitamen B 12 Deficiency
Bone marrow
examination
• Erythroid hyperplasia
and presence of
magablasts.
• Erythroid hyperplasia
and presence of
magablasts.
Serum Vitamen B 12
• Normal
• Decreased
RBC folate
• Decreased
• Normal or Decreased
Serum Lactate
Dehdydrogense
• Incresed
• Increased
Laboratoty findings
 MCV is increased to 110 to 115 fl, where the normal value is 77 to
93 fl.
 MCV > 99 fL, Increased MCV (>95 ) may reach 100 to 140 µm2.
 MCH is slightly increased where the normal value is 27 to 32 pg.
 MCHC is within normal limits where the normal value is 20 to 25
g/dl.
 Low hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is typically low (may reach 2 g/dL).
 The peripheral blood smear shows macrocytosis and many
hypersegmentation of neutrophils.
 Occasionally may see leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.
 Reticulocytes are not in comparison to the degree of anemia
Treatment :
 Vitamin B12 and B9 supplements.
 Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12),used to correct vitamin B12
deficiency and folic acid is used to treat folic acid
deficiencies.
 Foods to include in diet:
o Oranges
o Leafy green vegetables
o Peanuts
o Lentils
Preventions :
 Avoid alchol
 Eat vegetables and fruits that contain Vitamin B 12 and
folate acid
 Stop smoking
 Make changes in your life style
Thank You