COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY
> Is a plan of action or a technique that
a communicator uses in order to help
make the communication process
successful.
1 Communication Strategies
• Nomination
• Restriction
• Turn-taking
• Topic Control
• Topic Shifting
• Repair
• Termination
I. NOMINATION
• This
involves the opening and
establishing of a topic in a
conversation.
• Collaboratively and productively
establish a topic.
• refers
to how speakers address
the problems in speaking,
listening, and comprehending
that they may encounter in a
conversation.
• the act of fixing the violations in a
communication situation.
X VIOLATION
> refer to unnecessary acts of
participants that often cause a
misunderstanding or a delay in the
process or flow of the discussion.
COMMON VIOLATIONS IN ORAL
COMMUNICATION
Grabbing the floor
Over-lapping
Hogging the floor
Being
Silent
Trouble in speaking, hearing, or
understanding
Types of repair:
IL. RESTRICTION
• This
involves limiting what the
participants can contribute to
the conversation or discussion.
• Limitation you may have as a
speaker.
III. TURN-TAKING
> TURN - refers to the opportunity given
a speaker to talk.
TURN-TAKING - process in which a
participant stops speaking and yields the
floor to another participant so he or she,
can speak.
IV. Topic Control
This occurs when the main or assigned
speaker manipulates the discussion in
order to maintain its flow without moving
away from or changing the topic.
V. Topic Shifting
• involves
moving from one topic to
another.
• OCCurs when one intentionally or
unintentionally changes the direction of
the flow of ideas in a conversation.
VI. REPAIR
• Self-initiated self-repair
• Other-initiated self-repair
• Self-initiated other-repair
• Other initiated other-repair
SELF-INITIATED
SELF-REPAIR
Cathy: When will we have our meeting
for the presentation again?
Ariel: We'll meet again on Monday ...
I mean, Tuesday.
VII. TERMINATION
• refers
to the conversation
participants' close-initiating
expressions that end a topic in
a conversation.
• The act of ending a conversation.
5 Ways to End a Conversation Politely
*It was nice chatting with you.
Well, it's getting late.
> Anyway, I should get going.
(formal) Sorry, but/'mafraid need to.
?l'm sorry to cut you off, but I actually
gotta
run. (cut you off = interrupt you)