Introduction to Project
Management
Lecture 1
HNC/D Project Management
The Module - Content
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Evolution of Project Management
Life Cycle of Projects
Project Planning
Organising Project Teams
Directing Project Teams
Controlling Project Teams
The Subject …
But what is a project …?
and is it different from any
other management...?
PMBOK Definitions
PROJECT = “…a temporary endeavour
or undertaking to create a unique product
or service”
PROJECT MANAGEMENT = “…the
application of knowledge, skills, tools and
techniques to project activities in order to
meet stakeholder’s needs and
expectations from a project.”
A range of examples …
Wembley Stadium (The Guardian)
Pride Park Stadium (BBC Derby)
Background and Definitions
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Organisations and Methods
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Project Lifecycle
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Terminology
The Project Management
Institute
“Project Management Institute is the global
professional association for project programme or
portfolio managers and PMO officers. PMI UK is the
United Kingdom branch.
The core purpose of PMI is to advance the practice,
science and profession of project management
throughout the world. PMI's goal is that worldwide,
organisations will embrace, value and utilise project
www.pmi.org.uk
management and attribute their success to it.”
Association for Project
Management (APM)
“The Association for Project Management has over 35
years combining its members’ extensive experience in
developing the science and art of project management.
This is encapsulated in the APM Body of Knowledge,
qualifications and other research activities and
disseminated through its members, and more widely via
print, electronic media and events.”
www.apm.org.uk
www.prince2.com
PRINCE 2
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PRINCE2 (PRojects IN Controlled Environments) is a
process-based method for effective project
management.
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“PRINCE2 is a de facto standard used extensively by
the UK Government and is widely recognised and used
in the private sector, both in the UK and internationally.”
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“The method PRINCE2 is in the public domain, offering
non-proprietorial best practice guidance on project
management. PRINCE2 is a registered trademark of
OGC.”
Key features of PRINCE2
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“Its focus on business justification
A defined organisation structure for the
project management team
Its product-based planning approach
Its emphasis on dividing the project into
manageable and controllable stages
Its flexibility to be applied at a level
appropriate to the project” www.prince2.com
Background and Definitions

Organisations and Methods

Project Lifecycle

Terminology
PMBOK Definitions
PROJECT = “…a temporary endeavour
or undertaking to create a unique product
or service”
PROJECT MANAGEMENT = “…the
application of knowledge, skills, tools and
techniques to project activities in order to
meet stakeholder’s needs and
expectations from a project.”
What is a Project?
“ . . . an endeavour in which human (or machine) material
and financial resources are organised in a novel way, to
undertake a unique scope of work, of given specification,
within constraints of cost and time, so as to deliver
beneficial change defined by quantitative and qualitative
objectives.”
J R Turner (1992)
What is Project Management?
“ . . . a way of developing structure in a complex
project, where the independent variables of time,
cost, resources and human behaviour come
together.”
Burke (1999)
Characteristics of a Project
Meredith & Mantel (2003):
•
Purpose - clearly defined outcomes, with an
element of complexity, which needs
co-ordination
•
PLC - project, life-cycle
•
Interdependencies - links to other projects, and
to the routine daily operations, need managing
•
Uniqueness - needs customising, but …
•
Conflict - competing for resources
The 5 Phase Project Life Cycle
DEFINE
PLAN
ORGANISE
State the
problem
Identify
activities
Identify
project goals
Estimate
time & cost
Determine
personnel
needs
List the
objectives
Sequence
activities
Determine
preliminary
resources
Identify
critical
activities
Identify
assumptions
and risks
Write
project
proposal
PLANNING
Recruit
Project
Manager
Recruit
Project Team
Organise
team
Assign work
packages
CONTROL
Define
management
style
Establish
control tools
Prepare
status report
Review
project
schedule
Issue
change
orders
IMPLEMENTATION
CLOSE
Obtain
client
acceptance
Install
deliverables
Document
the project
Issue final
report
Conduct
project audit
Example of Framework
Time
Develop it
Do it
Design it
Define it
Level of activity
The Project Life Cycle (PLC) the time
distribution of project activity
(Maylor 2003)
Time
Develop it
Do it
Design it
Define it
Cumulative Expenditure
The Project Life Cycle (PLC) the time
cumulative expenditure
(Maylor 2003)
Background and Definitions
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Organisations and Methods
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Project Lifecycle
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Terminology
The PMI Body of Knowledge
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The Project Management Framework
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The Project Management Context
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Project Management Processes
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Project Integration Management
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Project Scope Management
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Project Time Management
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Project Cost Management
•
Project Quality Management
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Project Human Resource Management
•
Project Communications Management
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Project Risk Management
•
Project Procurement Management
Maintaining the balance …
TIME
COST
QUALITY
Tolerances
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PRINCE uses tolerances
Is there any latitude in the quoted
delivery date or budget?
Define
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The tolerances in a project
Who may use the tolerances.
Activities / tasks
Ideally these should :
 Be short
 Be measurable
 Deliver something
 Be able to be carried out by one
type of resource
Milestones
Milestones are key points for the project.
They have no duration – they are just target
dates.
e.g Obtain planning approval
Roof on
Wiring complete
Piping complete
COMPLETE 14/10/2008
Resources
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What is required for an activity
Deliverables
Outputs for activities / tasks
e.g.
Preliminary drawings
Working drawings
Bill of quantities
Shell of house
Gantt Charts
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Shows activities/ tasks and milestones
Can show resources
Clear indication of timescales
Task Task
Number Name
1
Design Prog.
2
Code Prog.
3
4
DO Res. PE AE M T W T F M T W T F
SH
2
2
1
DC
4
5
Document Prog.
2
NJ
2
1
User Acc. Test.
3
ME
1
1
Planned Elapsed
Actual Elapsed
Issue or Risk?
Issues
Resolution
Risks
Management