Prokaryotes
vs.
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
-A single celled-organism lacking a
nucleus and membrane bound
organelles.
Prokaryotes
Examples
-Bacteria
-Archea Bacteria
Prokaryotes
-Prokaryotes are smaller
than eukaryotes.
Eukaryotes
-Have a nucleus
-Cells that contain
membrane-bound
organelles.
(Ribosome,
Mitochondria)
Eukaryotes
All multicellular
organisms
-Fungi
-Plants
-Animals
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
Both have a cell membrane!
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
Both have ribosomes!
Prokaryotes
& Eukaryotes
Both have
DNA!
Prokaryote or Eukaryote?
Protozoa were defined as unicellular
protists with animal-like behaviour,
such as movement. Protozoa were
regarded as the partner group of
protists which have plant-like behavior,
e.g. photosynthesis. Reproduce
asexually and have a cell membrane,
nucleus, and chloroplasts.
Eukaryote
Animal Cells
vs.
Plant Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Circular, Irregular
Rectangular, Rigid
Cell Wall
No Cell Wall
Has Cell Wall
Vacuoles
Few, Small Vacuoles
One Large Vacuole
No Chloroplasts
Has Chloroplasts
Has MBO
Has MBO
Sometimes has Cilia
No Cilia (Almost
Never)
Euk/Pro
Shape
Chloroplasts
Membrane-Bound
Organelles
Cilia
Cilia & Flagella
Used for movement of cells!
Flagella: Move in
whip-like fashion
Cilia: Beat in
rhythmic waves
Mitochondria
Releases energy
from food.
• Main energy
source in the
cell
It’s like a city’s Power Plant!
Here
Here
Vacuoles
Store food, water
and waste
-Plant cells: Few
and very large
-Animal cells:
Many little ones
It’s like a
city’s
warehouse,
water
tower and
garbage
dump!
Here
Nucleus
• Controls cell
activities
• Contains genetic
information (DNA)
-chromosomes
-nucleolus
It’s like a
city’s
Mayor’s
Office!
Here
Here
Chloroplast
Uses light
energy to make
food
(photosynthesis)
• Only in plants
It’s like the solar panels on a city’s
buildings!
Here
Here
Cell Membrane
Outer layer that
controls what
goes in and out
of plant & animal
cells
• Semipermeable
It’s like
the gates
of a city!
Here
Smooth ER
• Produces
lipids, steroids,
& hormones
• Detoxifies
toxins
• Distributes
products
City’s Sewage
Treatment
Facility
Here
Rough ER
• Synthesize and
transports proteins
(usually to golgi
apparatus)
• Covered with
ribosomes
It’s like a city’s
highway system!
Here
Here
Here
Cytoskeleton
& centrioles
• Cytoskeleton
providse structural
support and helps
cell keep its shape
• Centrioles function
in cell division
It’s like the concrete & steel
of a city!
Ribosomes
Produces proteins.
• Attached to
Endoplasmic
Reticulum or
floating free in the
cytoplasm
It’s like the brick yard that supplies a city with
what it’s made of
Here
Here
Golgi Apparatus
Processes,
packages, and
transports
molecules, like
lipids and
proteins, made
by the cell
(Rough ER).
It’s like a city’s Post Office or UPS
center!
Here
Here
Here
Lysosomes
Lysosome
Contains
enzymes that
digest materials
(food, old cells)
in the cell
It’s like a city’s
Recycling
Center!
Here
Here
Cell Wall
• Made of
cellulose
• Provides
support and
protection for
the cell
It’s like the
wall around a
city!
Here
Cytoplasm
Found in both plant and
animal cells.
•Viscous fluid containing
the cell’s organelles
(cytosol)
It’s like the ground/
sidewalks throughout a
city!
Here
Here
Vesicles
-Control
transport of
materials within
the cytoplasm.
It’s like a city’s mailboxes!
Here
Here
Here
Here
Review this information using
the interactive simulation
below!
http://www.wiley.com/legac
y/college/boyer/047000379
0/animations/cell_structure/
cell_structure.htm