Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells Learning Objectives 1. To know the similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. 2. To know how bacteria compare to animal and plant cells. 3. To know the size and scale of cells including order of magnitude calculations. Types of cell 2 types of cell can be recognised on the basis of their structure. Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells Found in bacteria and cyanobacteria Found in all other organisms in the Kingdoms in the Kingdom Prokaryotae Protoctista Fungi Plantae Animalia • A cell whose major organelle’s are contained within membranes Eukaryotic Cells • Have a proper Nucleus • Usually have Mitochondria, Chloroplasts etc • Eukaryotes include Animals, Plants and Fungi Which is bigger????? Typical size of plant cell = 10-100μm Typical size of animal cell = 10-30μm • Cells contain no Nucleus • No membrane-bound organelles Prokaryotic Cells • Mainly unicellular organisms • Generally less complex than the Eukaryotes • Components float freely within the cytoplasm • Bacteria and Archaea Typical size of bacterial cell = 2μm Cell membrane Slime capsule Cell wall Plasmids Flagella Cytoplasm Genetic material Bacteria (prokaryotic) cells Consider a bacteria cell in more detail: Bacteria contain cytoplasm and a ______ surrounded by a cell wall. The ______ are NOT in a distinct _____ and bacterial cells do not have mitochondria or chloroplasts. They may have one or more small rings of DNA called _______. Words – nucleus, membrane, plasmids, 25/11/2022 genes Typical size of bacterial cell = 2μm Examples of prokaryotes Cyanobacteria Bacteria The structure of prokaryotic cells is illustrated by the structure of a bacterium Bacterial cells are very small, typically 10mm or less Relative Sizes Task: Fill in the blanks Prokaryotes/ bacteria, Nucleus, Plants, Eukaryotic, Two, Prokaryotic All living organisms were classed as either animals or plants at one point. With improved knowledge of living things it has become Two different types of cell. For apparent that there are ______ example, a cell that possesses a nucleus and one that does not. The cells of animals, ___________ and fungi contain many plants organelles some of which are bound by a membrane. These are eukaryotic cells. The cells of bacteria are referred to as ______________ very different, they lack membrane bound organelles such as a nucleus _____________. This type of cell is referred to as a _______________ cell (meaning before nucleus). Prokaryotic cells prokaryotic are about 1000 to 10000 times smaller than eukaryotic cells and are much simpler in structure. Biologists believe eukaryotes evolved Prokaryotes/ bacteria from ________________. Exam Question Mark scheme Copy the table Answers Gap Task- Write a label and match a function to the diagram. single DNA loop is not found in a nucleus. extra small rings of DNA. where chemical reactions happen. gives protection. allows the bacteria to move around. is not made of cellulose. allows substances in and out. Gap Task- Match the labels and function to the diagram. Genetic materialsingle DNA loop is not found in a nucleus. Plasmid- extra small rings of DNA. Cytoplasm- where chemical reactions happen. Flagella- allows the bacteria to move around. Cell wall- is not made of cellulose. Slime capsulegives protection. Cell membraneallows substances in and out.
