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Lesson 1: Knowing Oneself/ Lesson 2: Developing the whole
person
Stem 11 Perdev (Our Lady of Fatima University)
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Lesson 1: Knowing Oneself/ Lesson 2: Developing the whole person
Learning Objectives
1. explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths and limitations and
dealing with others better
2. share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences
3. maintain a journal
Self is the union of elements, namely; Body, thoughts, feelings or emotions, and sensations that
constitute the individuality and identity of a person.
The body constitutes your physical attributes, your health and your posture and poise.
Your thoughts, the way you think, and how you perceive things around you affect how you feel about
them and bring about sensations.
Emotions and sensations, your experience prompt to act and behave the way you do.
The union of these elements make up your character or personality and essentially distinguishes you
from others.
Why knowing yourself is so important?
1. It will help you in making better decisions.
2. Improve your decision making habit, in setting and reaching appropriate goals
3. It will help you understand your strength and limitation
4. It will help you to understand others
5. Living more productively
What is Adolescent?
Adolescence is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood. Children who are entering
adolescence are going through many changes (physical, intellectual, personality and social
developmental). Adolescence begins at puberty, which now occurs earlier, on average, than in the past.
The end of adolescence is tied to social and emotional factors and can be somewhat ambiguous.
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What are the physical changes of adolescence?
There are three main physical changes that come with adolescence:

The growth spurt (an early sign of maturation);

Primary sex characteristics (changes in the organs directly related to reproduction);

Secondary sex characteristics (bodily signs of sexual maturity that do not directly involve
reproductive organs)
Facts about ad·o·les·cence
1. A very important aspect of development of human beings because it is considered as a crucial
stage.
2. Talks about the summary of one’s childhood & an overview of an adult to be. It is more likely a
transitional period of the child turning into an adult.
3. The adolescent is expected to establish a strong sense of identity, for who they are and learn
about their strengths and weaknesses, which can help them in projecting their future self
4. It is socially inclined because of possible impact to the changing society which makes it an
important aspect in understanding oneself.
5. This transitional stage, physical, cognitive and psychosocial domains of development occurs.
(Papalia, 2013)
There are three domains that are interrelated and may have a big impact to the developing adolescent.
If it is not successfully developed, this may lead to the adolescent negatively.
1. Physical Domain
-Primary and Secondary Characteristics
2. Psychological Domain
-Peer Pressure
3. Cognitive Domain
What are the Physical changes of adolescence? ( Physical Domain)
The time when sudden and dramatic changes occur in an adolescent’s body is called PUBERTY.
10 years old girls and 12 years old boys commonly experience rapid period of growth in both primary sex
characteristics and secondary sex characteristics.
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Moreover, they are beginning to be very self-conscious, sensitive (which is very common to girls) and
worried about their own body changes.
Girls may experience dramatic changes during this stage of life especially if menstrual period starts to
occur while boys may become bothered if nocturnal emissions or wet dreams happen to them for the
first time.
Primary Sex Characteristics
When we were born, it is easily guess what our gender is, thanks to our genitals, that allows us to tell
males from females, and this is our primary sex characteristics.
Secondary Sex Characteristics
On the other hand, secondary sex characteristics, are features which appear at puberty (though they
later become equally as prominent).
These secondary characteristics are features such as pubic hair, breast development in females, and
beards in males.
What are the intellectual changes of adolescence? (Cognitive Domain)
This focuses to the growth of mental capacities, which is usually measured by intelligence test.
It includes the content knowledge and the development of intellectual skills..
Adolescents are crucial with how they perceive themselves and the world, and how they form
relationships with other settling g people. They began to think abstractly, reason logically, think
hypothetical possibilities, and impossibilities about life.
Adolescents remain self-centered, they usually make impulsive decisions in order to seek immediate
gratification. They even believe themselves as someone special unique and that no harm could come to
them, and they think that the people’s eyes were always on them, that they are the center of their
attention.
Adolescent thinking is on a higher level than that of children. Children are only able to think logically
about the concrete, the here and now. Adolescents move beyond these limits and can think in terms of
what might be true, rather than just what they see is true. They are able to deal with abstractions, test
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hypotheses and see infinite possibilities. Yet adolescents still often display egocentric behaviors and
attitudes.
What are the social and emotional changes of adolescence? ( Psychosocial Domain)
It focuses in the emotional maturity of the adolescent.
The adolescent learns to give & receive affection, experience emotional satisfaction with their parents
and other significant love ones.
Society and environment have a great impact on how adolescents view themselves. Adolescence is a
period wherein confusion starts to arise in choosing what to believe and what to accept.
It can be considered that they experience identity versus role confusion because they play different
roles at their home, school and peer groups.
They may also encounter peer pressure wherein they are eager to “fit in” or belong to a certain group to
have some sort of identity. This is the time when teenagers are eager to please others and to conform to
the beliefs and expectation of the demands of their peers.
Adolescents are also developing socially and emotionally during this time. The most important task of
adolescence is the search for identity. (This is often a lifelong voyage, launched in adolescence.) Along
with the search for identity comes the struggle for independence.
Adolescence is also a period for developing independence, they may be wanted to be separated with
their parents especially when they are searching for their identity.
There will be times that the adolescents break the rules and questions their parents. Being self-centered
during this stage, conflict arises due to their parents exercises their autonomy while the teenager like to
be alone, it is more visible among girls.
Peer pressure
It can lead adolescents to serious deviant acts like substance abuse, early pregnancies and many others.
(Papalia 2012 & Hardman 2012)
But not all peers are bad, there are also support groups that can help adolescents to establish their
identity.
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Establishment of identity of an individual is a process of discovering who they are and accepting roles
that are expected of them. These roles are established by society and conforming by these roles are
highly expected to be accepted.
In our culture, conforming to one’s role is highly expected due to our collectivist culture.
Collectivist culture emphasize family and work group goals above individual needs or desires.
Having said that, the adolescents dependency from parents and their general concern and protection
can sometimes lead to rebellion.
Understanding the meaning of life may be vague for the adolescents that may lead them to ask many
questions and find answers to it.
Crossroad Dilemma
A common dilemma among adolescents wherein they are constantly faced with making decisions in
their life.
Adolescents sometimes create goals just for the sake of having one. There are times when they are
unsure of what they really want.
JoHari’s Window
A Johari window is a psychological tool created by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955. It’s a simple
and useful tool for understanding and training:

self-awareness

personal development

improving communications

interpersonal relationships

group dynamics

team development; and

inter group relationships
It is one of the few tools out there that has an emphasis on “soft skills” such as behaviour, empathy, cooperation, inter group development and interpersonal development. It’s a great model to use because
of its simplicity and also because it can be applied in a variety of situations and environments.
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The Public Self
Part of ourselves that we explicitly show to other that we are happy to share with others and discuss
everything with them openly.
The Private Self
Pertains to our past that we refuse to share or expose to others. These are also experiences or
memories are too personal to divulge.
The Blind Self
A part of ourselves that are unknown to us and only other people know it but are hesitant to discuss it
openly to us.
Other people may have a different view of us that we are not aware that we have.
The Undiscovered Self
May include good and bad things that neither we see or is seen by others. This may one day be
discovered.
Reference:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/7060-adolescent-development
https://www.selfawareness.org.uk/news/understanding-the-johari-window-model
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