Macroeconomics - Formulas GDP - Production in the Economy National spending approach: Y = C + I + G + NX National income approach: Y = Wages + Rent + Interest + Profit Production Approach (summing up value-added) Measuring changes over time: GDP Deflator: Nominal GDP = Real GDP x GDP deflator Real GDP= Nominal GDP/GDP deflator Chain weighting: How to compare GDP per capita: Market exchange rate Measuring growth The Rule of 70 Cobb-Douglas production function