WGU C175 Final Exam 2022 with
complete solution
1. What is a broad definition of data?
Answer- Raw facts that are captured on printed or digital media
2. What are data?
Answer- Facts that are collected and stored in a database system
3. What is a determining characteristic of unstructured data?
Answer- It does not follow a data model.
4. Which is true about flat files?
Answer- They contain no internal hierarchical organization.
5. Which technology has no internal hierarchy?
Answer- Flat files
6. How were data retrieved before database management systems?
Answer- Sequentially from simple files
7. In which two ways does a database management system environment increase
effectiveness in working with data?
Answer- - It enables data sharing,
- It permits storage of vast volumes of data.
8. What is the uniquely identifiable element about which data can be categorized in
an entity-relationship diagram?
Answer- Entity types
9. Which classification is correct for the box marked "Quantity" in the given entityrelationship diagram?
Answer- Intersection data
10. Which data classification is an entity?
Answer- Event
A salesperson is authorized to sell 12 products; a product can be sold by 10
salespersons.
11. Which kind of binary relationship is described in this example?
Answer- Many-to-many
12. Which three kinds of rules for referential integrity are provided by modern
relational database management systems?
Answer- Insert, Delete, Update
13. What is an important aspect of "referential integrity"?
Answer- Reference to data in one relation is based on values in another relation.
Sales data, detailing the customer names, products sold, and salespersons, is
kept in a database.
14. Which kind of data in this database would qualify as intersection data related to
both the product and salesperson entities?
Answer- Customer names
15. What is an attribute or group of attributes that uniquely identify a tuple in a
relation?
Answer- Primary key
16. What is necessary for a primary key in one relation of a database to match with
its corresponding foreign key in another relation of the same database?
Answer- A domain of values
17. What uniquely identifies each entity in a collection of entities but is not the
primary key?
Answer- The alternate key
18. What is a term for a set of columns in a table that can uniquely identify any
record in that table without referring to other data?
Answer- Candidate key
19. What happens to the original data in database indexing?
Answer- It is copied to the index.
20. Why are indexes created in a physical database design?
Answer- To retrieve data directly using a pointer.
21. Why is an index created on a database column?
Answer- To optimize data retrievals
Refer to the given SQL statement.
SELECT SPNUM, SPNAME
FROM SALESPERSON
22. What is the correct line to add to the end of this statement to find salespersons
with a commission percentage of 15?
Answer- WHERE COMMPERCT=15;
Refer to the given SQL statement.
SELECT COMMPERCT, YEARHIRE
FROM SALESPERSON
WHERE SPNUM=22;
23. How should this statement be altered to retrieve the entire record instead of the
commission percentage and year of hire?
Answer- Replace COMMPERCT, YEARHIRE with an asterisk
24. A manager asks an employee to list attributes of the customers that are
headquartered in Los Angeles and that have a customer number higher than
1000. Refer to the given SQL statement prepared by this employee.
SELECT CUSTNUM, CUSTNAME, HQCITY
FROM CUSTOMER
WHERE HQCITY='Los Angeles'
Which line should go at the end of this statement?
Answer- AND CUSTNUM>1000;
25. What is a key difference between the DISTINCT and ORDER BY statements, in
SQL SELECT commands?
Answer- ORDER BY modifies the presentation of data results and DISTINCT
filters data results.
26. Which SQL statement alphabetizes customer names within the same satelliteoffice city? ORDER or ALPHA?
Answer- ORDER BY SATCITY, CUSTNAME;
27. The given SQL statement is intended to list the names of the products of which
salesperson Fox has sold more than 500 units.
SELECT PRODNAME
FROM SALESPERSON, SALES, PRODUCT
?
?
AND SPNAME='Fox'
AND QUANTITY>500;
Which set of lines should replace the question marks to make this statement
work?
Answer- WHERE SALESPERSON.SPNUM=SALES.SPNUM AND
SALES.PRODNUM=PRODUCT.PRODNUM
28. The given SQL statement is intended to query how many books there are with at
least 800 pages from publishers in Los Angeles, United States.
SELECT COUNT(*)
?
WHERE PUBLISHER.PUBNAME=BOOK.PUBNAME
AND CITY='Los Angeles'
AND COUNTRY='United States'
AND PAGES>=800;
With which line should the question mark in this statement be replaced?
Answer- FROM PUBLISHER, BOOK
29. Which SQL statement will retrieve rows for all stores in Atlanta or Los Angeles or
New York?
Answer- SELECT StoreID, City FROM Suppliers
WHERE City IN ('Atlanta', 'Los Angeles', 'New York');
Refer to the given SQL statement to answer the following question:
SELECT *
FROM PRODUCT;
30. What would this SQL statement accomplish?
Answer- List all entries in the PRODUCT table.
31. What is a methodology for organizing attributes into tables?
Answer- Data normalization
32. What is the term for the value of one particular attribute associated with a specific
single value of another attribute?
Answer- Functional dependency
33. Which set of results should a company expect from implementing a business
intelligence system?
Answer- Increased profitability and increased throughput
34. Which issue is focused on the loading component of extract, transform, load
(ETL)?
Answer- Monitor refreshing volume and frequency
35. During which step in the extract, transform, load (ETL) process are raw data sets
aggregated?
Answer- Transformation
36. How is prediction distinguished from estimation in data mining?
Answer- Prediction classifies objects according to an expected future behavior.
37. Where does affinity grouping occur in data mining?
Answer- Between objects
38. Which item represents unstructured data? A. Video training content. B. SQL
tables of training instructors. C.Relational db for training tracking. D. Training db
backup
Answer- A. Training Video Content
39. What is the entity-relationship diagram about a car rental agency showing?
Answer- One manufacturer created at least one of the agency's cars
Image shows Salesperson (with 1 bar) to Customers (with 1 bar).
40. How is the cardinality of the customers misrepresented? Answer- There are
many customers, but the cardinality indicates one customer.
41. Image shows Salesperson (with 2 bars) to Customer (with open circle and Crow's
Feet). What is the correct way to read the modality on the right side of the
association?
Answer- A minimum of zero customers
42. Project Code Employee No. Employee Name Department No. Department Name
Hourly Rate
PC010 S10001 A. Smith L004 IT 22.00
PC010 S10030 L. Jones L023 Pensions 18.50
PC010 S21010 P. Lewis L004 IT 21.00
PC045 S10010 B. Jones L004 IT 21.75
PC045 S10001 A. Smith L004 IT 18.00
PC045 S31002 T. Gilbert L028 Database 25.50
PC045 S13210 W. Richards L008 Salary 17.00
PC064 S31002 T. Gilbert L028 Database 23.25
PC064 S21010 P. Lewis L004 IT 17.50
PC064 S10034 B. James L009 HR 16.50
In which state are the attributes shown?
Answer- First normal form
Students
IDSt LastName IDProf Prof Grade
1 Mueller 3 Schmid 5
2 Meier 2 Borner 4
3 Tobler 1 Bernasconi 6
43. Which factor determines whether the table is in first normal form? Answer- The
attributes are all single valued.
ID Contract Code
1 Vinod 091
2 Rajiv 091
Code City Country
091 Bangalore India
The primary key in the first table is ID, and the primary key in the second is
Code.
44. How advanced are the two tables in the normalization process?
Answer- Third normal form
45. Which characteristic points to the tables being in third normal form?
Answer- The tables are completely free of data redundancy.
A product-marketing company publishes an Internet-based newsletter about their
new products to increase their customer base.
46. What is an advantage that this company will gain from investing in a relational
database management system that will store customer information? AnswerImproved query response times
47. One Customer (with Crows Feet) to One Product (with Crow's Feet) AnswerMany customers to many products
48. Image shows Sales (with Crow's Feet and 1 bar) to Product (with 2 bars). What is
the modality of the product?
Answer- At least one
49. Image shows 1 Salesperson box, One Salesperson (2 bars) to One Salesperson
(2 bars). What kind of relationship does it depict?
Answer- Unary one-to-one
50. Image shows Product (2 bars) solid line to (1 bar + Crow's Feet) Component (1
bar + Crow's Feet) solid line back to Product (2 bars)
Answer- Unary many-to-many
51. ad hoc query
Answer- A "spur-of -the-moment" question.
52. analytical database
Answer- A database focused primarily on storing historical data and business
metrics used for tactical or strategic decision making.
53. availability Answer- In the context of data security, it refers to the accessibility of
data whenever required by authorized users and for authorized purposes.
54. centralized database Answer- A database located at a single site.
55. cloud database Answer- A database that is created and maintained using cloud
services, such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS.
56. data Answer- Raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal
their meaning to the end user.
57. data anomaly Answer- A data abnormality in which inconsistent changes have
been made to a database. For example, an employee moves, but the address
change is not corrected in all files in the database.
58. data dependence Answer- A data condition in which data representation and
manipulation are dependent on the physical data storage characteristics.
59. data dictionary Answer- A DBMS component that stores metadata - data about
data. Thus, the data dictionary contains the data definition as well as their
characteristics and relationships. A data dictionary may also include data that are
external to the DMBS. Also known as an information resource dictionary. See
also active data dictionary, metadata, and passive data dictionary.
60. data inconsistency Answer- A condition in which different versions of the same
data yield different (inconsistent) results.
61. data independence Answer- A condition in which data access is unaffected by
changes in the physical data storage characteristics.
62. data integrity Answer- In a relationship database, a condition in which the data
in the database complies with all entity and referential integrity constraints.
63. data management Answer- A process that focuses on data collection, storage,
and retrieval. Common data management functions include addition, deletion,
modification, and listing.
64. data processing (DP) specialist Answer- The person responsible for developing
and managing a computerized file processing system.
65. data redundancy Answer- Exists when the same data is stored unnecessarily at
different places.
66. database Answer- A shared, integrated computer structure that houses a
collection of related data. A database contains two types of data: end-user data
(raw facts) and metadata.
67. database design Answer- The process that yields the description of the
database structure and determines the database components. The second
phase of the Database Life Cycle.
68. database management system (DBMS) Answer- The collection of programs
that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in
the database.
69. database system Answer- An organization of components that defines and
regulates the collection, storage, management, and use of data in a database
environment.
70. desktop database Answer- A single-user database that runs on a personal
computer.
71. discipline-specific databases Answer- A database that contains data focused on
specific subject areas.
72. enterprise database Answer- The overall company data representation, which
provides support for present and expected future needs.
73. field Answer- An alphabetic or numeric character or group of characters that
defines a characteristic of a person, place, or thing. For example, a person's
Social Security number, address, phone number, and bank balance all constitute
fields.
74. file Answer- A named collection of related records.
75. general-purpose databases Answer- A database that contains a wide variety of
data used in multiple disciplines.
76. hub Answer- A warehouse of data packets housed in a central location on a
local area network. It contains multiple ports that copy the data in the data
packets to make it accessible to selected or all segments of the network.
77. information Answer- The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.
Information consists of transformed data and facilitates decision making.
78. islands of information Answer- In the old file system environment, pools of
independent, often duplicated, and inconsistent data created and managed by
different departments.
79. knowledge Answer- The body of information and facts about a specific subject.
Knowledge implies familiarity, awareness, and understanding of information as it
applies to an environment. A key characteristic is that new knowledge can be
derived from old knowledge.
80. logical data format Answer- The way a person views data within the context of a
problem domain.
81. metadata Answer- Data about data; that is, data about data characteristics and
relationships. See also data dictionary.
82. multiuser database Answer- A database that supports multiple concurrent
users.
83. NoSQL Answer- A new generation of database management systems that is
not based on the traditional relational database model.
84. online analytical processing (OLAP) Answer- Decision support system (DSS)
tools that use multidimensional data analysis techniques. OLAP creates an
advanced data analysis environment that supports decision making, business
modeling, and operations research.
85. online transaction processing (OLTP) database Answer- A database designed
primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations. Also known as a
operational database, transactional database, or production database.
86. operational database Answer- A database designed primarily to support a
company's day-to-day operations. Also known as a transactional database,
OLTP database, or production database.
87. performance tuning Answer- Activities that make a database perform more
efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.
88. physical data format Answer- The way a computer "sees" (stores) data.
89. production database Answer- A database designed primarily to support a
company's day-to-day operations. Also known as a operational database,
transactional database, or OLTP database.
90. query Answer- A question or task asked by an end user of a database in the
form of SQL code. A specific request for data manipulation issued by the end
user or the application to the DBMS.
91. query language Answer- A nonprocedural language that is used by a DBMS to
manipulate its data. An example of a query language is SQL.
92. query result set Answer- The collection of data rows returned by a query.
93. record Answer- A collection of related (logically connected) fields.
94. role Answer- In Oracle, a named collection of database access privileges that
authorize a user to connect to a database and use its system resources.
95. router Answer- (1) An intelligent device used to connect dissimilar networks.
(2) Hardware/software equipment that connects multiple and diverse networks.
96. semistructured data Answer- Data that has already been processed to some
extent.
97. single-user database Answer- A database that supports only one user at a time.
98. social media Answer- Web and mobile technologies that enable "anywhere,
anytime, always on" human interactions.
99. structural dependence Answer- A data characteristic in which a change in the
database schema affects data access, thus requiring changes in all access
programs.
100.
structural independence Answer- A data characteristic in which changes
in the database schema do not affect data access.
101.
structured data Answer- Data that has been formatted to facilitate
storage, use, and information generation.
102.
Structured Query Language (SQL) Answer- A powerful and flexible
relational database language composed of commands that enable users to
create database and table structures, perform various types of data manipulation
and data administration, and query the database to extract useful information.
103.
transactional database Answer- A database designed primarily to
support a company's day-to-day operations. Also known as a operational
database, OLTP database, or production database.
104.
unstructured data Answer- Data that exists in its original, raw state; that
is, in the format in which it was collected.
105.
website Answer- Refers to the Web server and the collection of Web
pages stored on the local hard disk of the server computer.
106.
workgroup database Answer- A multiuser database that usually supports
fewer than 50 users or is used for a specific department in an organization.
107.
World Wide Web (WWW or the web) Answer- Worldwide network
collection of specially formatted and interconnected documents known as Web
pages. Also called the Web.
XML database Answer- A database system that stores and manages
semistructured XML data.
108.