ESSENTIALISM
PERENNIALISM
CONTRIBUTIONS TO
EDUCATION
CLASSROOM/
SCHOOL PRACTICES
01
ESSENTIALISM
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION | ESSENTIALISM
•
Essentialism is the
view that objects have a
set of attributes that are
necessary to their
identity.
Philosopher William Bagley
Introduced the philosophy of
essentialism in education in the
1930’s. He was an American
philosopher.
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION | ESSENTIALISM
•
•
Essentialists refers to
“Basic Education”.
Essentialists believe in
teaching the basic
subjects.
•
Essentialism tries to
instill all students with
the most basic
knowledge, skills, and
character development
•
Essentialists
believe in mastery
learning.
01
ESSENTIALISTS BELIEFS
•
02
Essentialists believe
that students
should be taught to
be a model citizen.
04
03
•
Essentialists believe
that teachers should
teach traditional moral
values and virtues.
01
•
PURPOSE OF SCHOOLING
Prepare students to
be productive,
contributing
members of society.
03
02
•
For essentialist, the
aim of education is
to teach the young
the essentials they
need to live well in
the modern world.
•
Essentialists
teach the
basic
subjects
TEACHER’S ROLE
•
•
•
•
•
The teacher teaches discipline
and hard work.
The teacher is an expert of
content knowledge.
The teacher is accountable for
student learning.
Impart essential knowledge
Direct focused tasks Essentialism
as a teacher-centered philosophy
TEACHING STRATEGIES
●
●
●
●
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Use instructional strategies
Lecture
Memorization
Homework
Teacher and subject centered
Mastery learning
ROLE OF THE STUDENT
Students should
be passive and be
ready to learn
what the teacher
presents to them
Listen and learn
Trust that
the teacher
knows best
PERENNIALISM 02
•
•
•
Perennialism is the belief that
education should center around
knowledge from the past to
educate our future generations.
Perennialism values knowledge
that transcends time.
This is a subject-centered
philosophy.
Perennialism is based on the
philosophies of Plato, Aristotle,
and St. Thomas Aquinas. They
believe the ideas are as relevant
and meaningful today as when they
were written.
IT IS CALLED TEACHER-CENTERED
Emphasize the importance
of transferring knowledge,
information and skills from
the older generation to
the younger one.
More focus on the
curriculum and
nature need.
The teacher is not
concern at the
student’s interest.
The teacher set
everything based
on the syllabus.
ROLES OF THE TEACHER
• Instill respect for
authority, perseverance,
duty, consideration, and
practicality
01
• Must deliver clear
lectures
02
• Act as the director
and coach of
intellect respondent.
03
04
• Coaching in critical
thinking skills.
01
Train the
students
intellect and
moral
development.
GOALS FOR STUDENTS
02
•
Will gain the
ability to develop
a full “range of
rational powers.”
•
•
Able to
discipline
themselves.
03
•
A perennialist
classroom aims to
be a closely organized
and well-disciplined
environment, which
develops in students
a lifelong quest for
the truth.
• reading, writing,
speaking, and listening
are emphasized in the early
grades to prepare students in
later grades to study
literature, history, and
philosophy.
CURRICULUM
1. Focuses on attaining cultural literacy,
stressing students’ growth in enduring
disciplines.
2. They recommend that students learn
from reading and analyzing the works
by history’s finest thinkers and writers.
3. Perennialists believe that reading
is to be supplemented with mutual
investigations (between the
teacher and the student) and
minimally- directed discussions
through the Socratic method in
order to develop a historically
oriented understanding of
concepts.
4. A skilled teacher would
keep discussions on topic
and correct errors in
reasoning, but it would be
the class, not the teacher,
who would reach the
conclusions.
Perennialism believed it was a
solution proposed in response to
what was considered by many
to be a failing educational
system.
Essentialism and Perennialism are two
major educational philosophies.
Essentialism is an educational philosophy that
strives to ensure that students acquire a
common core of knowledge in a systematic,
disciplined way. In contrast, perennialism is an
educational philosophy that states one should
teach the things that are of everlasting
importance to all individuals everywhere.
THANK YOU!
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