UNIVERSIDAD DE CARABOBO
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE EDUCACIÓN
ESCUELA DE EDUCACIÓN
DEPARTAMENTO DE IDIOMAS MODERNOS
CÁTEDRA: GRAMATICA Y LINGÜÍSTICA INGLESA
ASIGNATURA: LINGÜÍSTICA APLICADA
The term phonetics refers to the description of speech
sound (how they are made, transmitted a
nd
received). While the term phonology refers to the way
those sounds are organized into the individual
languages.
Phonetics
Sounds
Articulatory (It stud ies how sounds are produced)
Acoustic (It studies how sounds are perceived)
Segmentals (Consonants & vowels)
Suprasegmentals (Stress, rhythm, intonation…)
Phoneme: it is the smallest unit
of speech which has meaning
.
(Consonants and vowels )
Allophone: It is the variation of
a sound (phoneme) .
Consonant phonemes:
BILABIAL
STOP
LABIO- DENTAL ALVEOLAR
DENTAL
/p/ /b/ +
/f/ /v/ +
FRICATIVE
/ θ/ / /+
/t/ /d/ +
/S/ /Z/ +
RETROFLEX
ALVEO - PALATAL
PALATAL
VELAR
/k/ /g/ +
/ ∫/ / 3/ +
/h/ -
/ t∫/ /d 3/ +
AFFRICATE
LATERAL
/l/ +
NASAL
/m/ +
APPROXI MANTS
GLOTTAL
/η/+
/n/ +
/w/*+
/r/+
*NOTE: labio -velar * Voicing: voiced (+) and voiceless ( -)
/j/+
Phonetic criteria:
1. Point of articulation : bilabial, dental, labioden tal, alveolar,
alveo -palatal, palatal, velar, glottal, and uvular.
2. Manner of articulation : plosive, fricative, affricate, nasal,
approximant, laterals and retroflex.
3. Voicing : voiced and voiceless.
Vowel phonemes :
Phonetic criteria:
1. Height of tongue: high, mid, and low.
2. Part of the tongue involved: front, central, and back.
3. Position of the lips: rounded and unrounded.
EXERCISES:
1) Identify the sound that does not fit into the string. Explain.
Speech sounds
m
p
b
θ
t
n
s
f
t∫
∫
d
d3
u:
ә
i:
2)
e
Mark the two words that contain a silent consonant.
brothe r listen writer cinema music house know
says book
3) Read the following groups of words, and transcribe them. Then, select which word
has a different sound.
 look good blood foot
 dead mean bread head
 fruit suit juice built
 sons girls dreams books
 pen red ten bee
4) Transcribe the following sentences, and circle all bilabial and fricative sounds.
 A couple of brushes
 I wish I could see a real witch
 She is at the store
 Peter likes drinking Pepsi
5) Put a check √ next to the word that have front vowels, and circle the vowel
phoneme.

talk

keep

already

dollar

dream

before

wonder

October
6) Describe the following phonemes.
/e/
/η/
/ ∫/
/ ә/
/ i:/
/u:/
/d/
/t/
/p/
/w/
/g/
7) Choose the corresponding phoneme for the following criteria.
Bilabial, stop, voiceless
low, central, unrounded
High, back, rounded
Fricative, alveolar, voiceless
Lateral, alveolar
Approximants, palatal
Nasal, velar, voiced
back, mid, rounded
8) Circle and correct the errors in the following transcribed sentences.
 It is a lost cause
 It is all right
 I’ve been in The USA for two years
 I cooked onions for lunch
 The prince of Persia
9) Decode the following message.
Phonemic symbols represent the sounds of the English language.
Using them can be a valuable tool
to improvi ng your students' pronunciation .
10) Describe the following phonemes (consonants & vowels).
p
k
f
e
∫
m
g
s
i:
n
b
r
z
w
m
v
u
t∫
l
θ