Chapter 1 Review ANSWER KEY
Note: All of this material should look familiar, as it is all reviewed from chapter 1 in your
book and lectures. Answer to the best of your ability, first without looking and a second
time with your notes to see how you did. You can do this!
1) Leeuwenhoek developed the first microscope. The microorganisms then
observed with it were grouped into 6 categories. Can you name them?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Bacteria
Archaea
Fungi
Protozoa
Algae
Small, multicellular animals
2) The first microorganisms were observed under a microscope… (SELECT 1)
a.
b.
c.
d.
In a drop of blood
On a flake of skin
On a splinter of wood
In a drop of water
3) What are the groups of microorganisms that fall under the term prokaryote?
Bacteria & Archaea
4) What kind of prokaryotes contain cell walls with peptidoglycan?
Bacteria
5) What are some key aspects of prokaryotes? Name at least 3.
-
Unicellular
Lack nuclei
Lack organelles
Much smaller than eukaryotes
Some contain cell wall
Reproduce asexually
Found everywhere there is moisture- sometimes in extreme environments
6) What are some key aspects of eukaryotes? Name at least 3.
-
Single or multicellular
Possess cell walls (different than bacteria)
Contain distinct, membrane bound nucleus
Contain organelles
Reproduce sexually and asexually
Obtain food from other organisms
→ All organisms other than bacteria and archaea (except for viruses) are
eukaryotes
7) Example of a “small, multicellular animal”?
Parasitic worm, tapeworm, etc. NO- too small.
8) What is a bacteriophage? Did Leeuwenhoek observe these?
A virus that attacks bacterial cell walls- barely an organism. Leeuwenhoek did NOT
observe these, as they are too small.
9) What does spontaneous generation mean?
The theory that living things can arise from non-living matter (Aristotle)
10) Who was the final scientist to determine that spontaneous generation does not
occur?
Louis Pasteur
11) Do you know the steps of the scientific method? This systematic method is the
basis of all study and research in the science world. Make sure you know it well
by drawing it out here!
12) What is it called when you heat a beverage in order to sterilize it?
Pasteurization
13) Who developed germ theory?
Louis Pasteur
14) Robert Koch was the first individual to identify a particular microorganism with a
definitive disease. What are Koch’s postulates?
1. A suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be
absent from healthy hosts
2. Agent must be isolated and grown outside the host
3. When agent is introduced into a healthy, susceptible host, the host must get the
disease
4. Same agent must be re-isolated from the now diseased experimental host
15) Who was the first to demonstrate that hand washing and antiseptic procedures
could drastically reduce the rate of infections?
Semmelweis