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TVL-AFA
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
PREPARE COMPOSTING AREA
AND RAW MATERIALS
TLE – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1 Prepare Composting Area and Raw Materials
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Rosie C. Baldelovar, Analiza Pampora
Editors: Rosemarie Elum, Jonathan Bayaton, Jefferd Alegado
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Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita R. Ragay, Ed.D.
Antonio B. Baguio, Ed.D.
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Office Address:
Tele #:
E-mail Address:
Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
(035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
12
TVL
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Prepare Composting Area and
Raw Materials
(Select site based on compost fertilizer
production requirement )
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master the nature of Organic Agriculture. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. select site based on compost fertilizer production requirement;
2. gather some organic materials that are available at home or in the
community; and
3. identify organic materials readily available in the community that can be
used in making compost fertilizer.
ii
What I Know
A. MULTIPLE CHOICES
Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the correct answers in your notebook.
Let us determine how much you already know about composting.
1. It is the process of transforming organic materials of plant or animal origin into
humus in heaps or pits?
a. composting
b. vermin-composting
c. heating phase
d. Decomposition
2. Which of the following is an example of brown manure?
a. Sawdust
b. Kitchen wastes
c. Grass cuttings
d. Greens
3. Why do we need to select an appropriate site based on compost fertilizer
production requirements?
a. The location of a composting operation directly impacts the amount of site
preparation required and the measures needed to satisfy environmental and
regulatory requirements.
b. Proper site selection is a prerequisite to the establishment of safe and
effective composting operations.
c. Are necessary to minimize potential environmental conflicts between noncompatible land uses, to minimize odor related problems, and to ensure the
integrity of groundwater systems.
d. All of the above
4. The separation distances for composting facilities of a private well must be?
a. 300 m
b. 400 m
c. 500 m
d. 150 m
5. Why use compost?
a. There is a need for sustainable production through integrated nutrient
management
b. It solves problems on declining yield.
c. It solves problems on declining yield.
d. All of the above
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Lesson
1
PREPARE COMPOSTING
AREA AND RAW
MATERIALS
In this module, you will be learning the basic concepts of composting and
the raw materials that can be used in composting. Prepare for a fun-filled learning
ahead.
What’s In
1. What is the importance of knowing the different materials of composting?
2. Why do you think that there are materials that we should need to avoid in
Making compost?
3. Give one advantage of using organic fertilizer?
What’s New
Composting is nature's way of recycling. According to the website of
Resource Recovery and Waste Management Division, yard waste and food waste are
broken down and become food for plants. Organic wastes, such as food waste and
yard waste, make up 25 to 50% of what people throw away. While you may not be
able to compost all of the organic waste you generate, composting can significantly
cut down on your overall trash. Applying compost to your soil makes for happy
plants and a better time tending your garden.
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What is It
Select site based on compost fertilizer production requirement
Compost and composting
Compost is a mixture of decayed organic materials decomposed by microorganisms in a warm, moist, and aerobic environment, (oxygen-breathing) releasing
nutrients into readily available forms for plant use.
Why use compost?
⚫ There is a need for sustainable production through integrated nutrient
management.
⚫ Compost produces less methane than non-decomposed rice straw when
incorporated in the soil.
⚫ It solves problems on declining yield.
⚫ It also corrects micronutrient problems like zinc deficiency.
Composting is the controlled decay of plant and animal wastes to produce
compost, a dark, rich soil-like material. Compost is added to the soil to improve its
structure and nutrient content.
In nature, bacteria, fungi, worms, and other soil organisms help in breaking
down dead plants and animals, as well as animal wastes. Decomposed organic
material becomes part of the soil. This natural decay usually takes place very
slowly. To speed up the process, composters create ideal growing conditions for
compost organisms.
Site Selection for Compost Piles
Proper site selection is a prerequisite to the establishment of safe and
effective composting operations. The location of a composting operation directly
impacts the amount of site preparation required and the measures needed to
satisfy environmental and regulatory requirements.
Site Selection Guidelines
Separation distances are necessary to minimize potential environmental
conflicts between non-compatible land uses, to minimize odor related problems,
and to ensure the integrity of groundwater systems
Table 1. Separation Distances for Composting Facilities
Separation
Distance
Neighbouring Properties:
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dwelling
400m
commercial building
300m
industrial building
300m
Farm
100m
Roadways:
Right of way of a local road and arterial or collector highways
50m
Watercourses:
rivers/streams
150m
private well
150m
lakes
300m
Buffer Zones:
minimal buffer strip between a composting facility
boundary and adjacent property
30m
Table 1 indicates the recommended separation distances. However, these
may be modified, if deemed necessary by the environmental inspector, to make a
project environmentally acceptable. Modifications will be based on the type of
material to be composted, the composting site, operational procedures, etc.
The composting facility shall not be located in areas subject to flooding and
where the seasonal high groundwater table is less than 1 meter from the
groundwater table or where the minimal depth to bedrock is less than 1.5 meters.
The composting facility shall not be located within a protected watershed as
defined by the Clean Water Act.
The composting facility shall be located on a surface with a slope of between 1%
and 6%.
The Department must obtain a letter from the development officer of a
municipality or a District Planning Commission stating the proposed project
conforms to local planning regulations relative to land use provisions adopted for
the area under the Community Planning Act.
The proponent shall notify the owner(s) whose property is located within 1/2
kilometer from the proposed composting facility before issuing an Approval.
Composting Site Selection
Incorrect compost site selection can cause major problems, both in the short
and long term. Can start with a preliminary sketch.
⚫ Prevailing winds
⚫ Traffic flow
⚫ Landscape
⚫ Run-off
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⚫
⚫
Buffer
⚫
⚫
⚫
Surrounding land uses
Environment information
Zone
To minimize potential environment impacts
To protect water sources
Horizontal and vertical separation
Consideration when selecting a site
⚫ Dwelling
⚫ Commercial buildings
⚫ Industrial buildings
⚫ Farm
⚫ Roadway
⚫ Water sources
⚫ Water table
⚫ Bedrock
General Area Requirements
Depends on compost technology (windrows or in-vessel)
Throughput
Raw materials storage
Space for the finished product
Buffer areas (odor, noise, pollution control)
Holding ponds
Fire lane
Truck queuing
Vehicle parking
Future expansion
Biofilter (could be 50% of total surface area for composting)
Area Requirements for windows
Equipment
Volume of material handled
Shape of the pile
Daily volume of material to be composted
Pile dimension
Windrows volumes and numbers
Sketch layout
Area Requirements for In-Vessel (not generally for green waste)
Far less than windrows
a. The volume of finished compost
b. Curing time
c. Pile height and spacing
d. equipment movements
Curing and Storage
About ½ of the original volume
Area requirements can vary from 25% to 200% of the size of composting area
Spacing requirements depend on
a. volume of finished compost
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b. length of time required for curing and storage
c. Pile height and spacing
d. Equipment movement
Other considerations
Composting surface 1%-6% slope
Avoid flood plains, high ground preferable
Drain to the setting pond then normal runoff
Downwind of the sensitive receptor (odor, dust, etc.)
Aesthetics
Animal byproducts (not usually applicable for green waste)
Water quality
a. Managed through proper siting, compost mixtures, pile management
Runoff and Leachate
a. Can be managed through good composting
b. Land application and recirculation of runoff
Odor
Vectors
Dust
Noise
Fire hazards
What’s More
Study the figure below. Answer the following questions as your guide. Write your
answers in a separate sheet.
1. What does the picture shows?
2. Why does site lay outing important?
3. What are the possible effect of putting compost site in an improperly?
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What I Have Learned
Direction: Give your insight or understanding of the following terms. Write your
answers in your notebook.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Compost
Site selection
Compost piles
Siltation
Erosion
What I Can Do
Instruction:
Go out and gather different organic materials found outside your
home. Do not forget to wear your protective equipment while doing the
activity. Be careful in using sharp objects. Please observe Occupational
Health and Safety always. Take photos of every activity that you perform.
Criteria for gathering organic materials
Criteria
Quality
Quantity
30 points
Assembled organic fresh,
juicy materials are usually
higher in nitrogen, carbon,
chemical, and toxins free
(like; fruits, vegetables,
grasses, manure, fresh and
dried leaves, straw,
vegetable crops, and
others).
Collected 1 sack of organic
materials that are rich in
carbon and nitrogen.
Speed
Performed the proper
gathering of materials
within 1 hour and 40
minutes.
Used of
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Wear the complete Personal
Protective Equipment
during the gathering (like;
boots, gloves, hat, mask,
25 points
Picked up organic
materials that are
carbonaceous and
nitrogenous (like;
grasses, fresh and
dried leaves).
15 points
Collected only
one kind of
organic waste.
Gathered 3/4 sack of
organic wastes that are
nitrogenous and
carbonaceous.
Practiced the proper
collection of organic
waste within 1 hour
and 50 minutes.
Congregated 1/2
sack of
nitrogenous and
carbonaceous.
Executed the
correct way of
collecting organic
materials within
120 minutes.
Did not bring any
of the PPE.
Use only 2-3 Personal
Protective Equipment
during collection.
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Used of Tools
and
Equipment
Good
working and
safety habits
and jacket).
Use appropriate tools and
equipment in gathering
organic materials.
Use some prescribed
tools and equipment as
a substitute in the
absence of other tools.
Sometimes apply good
working and safety
habits.
Practice good working and
safety habits at all times.
Use only one tool
in getting organic
waste.
Working without
observing good
working and
safety habits.
TOTAL
Assessment
MULTIPLE CHOICES
Direction:
Read each item carefully. Write the correct answers in a separate sheet and
submit it to your teacher. Let us determine how much you already know about
composting.
1. The separation distances for composting facilities of a private well must be?
a. 300 m
b. 400 m
c. 500 m
d. 150 m
2. It is the process of transforming organic materials of plant or animal origin into
humus in heaps or pits?
a. composting
b. vermin-composting
c. heating phase
d. decomposition
3. Why use compost?
a. There is a need for sustainable production through integrated nutrient
management.
b. It solves problems on declining yield.
c. It solves problems on declining yield.
d. All of the above
4. Why do we need to select an appropriate site based on compost fertilizer
production requirements?
a. The location of a composting operation directly impact the amount of site
preparation required and the measure needed to satisfy environmental and
regulatory requirements.
b. Proper site selection is a prerequisite to the establishment of safe and
effective composting operations.
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c.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Are necessary to minimize potential environmental conflicts between noncompatible land uses, to minimize odor related problems, and to ensure the
integrity of groundwater systems.
d. All of the above
The following are considerations in selecting site, EXCEPT:
a. Dwelling
b. Landscape
c. Commercial buildings
d. Industrial buildings
What is the distance separation for composting facilities of a commercial
building?
a. 100 m
b. 200 m
c. 300 m
d. 400 m
The distance separation of minimal buffer strip between a composting facility
boundary and adjacent property is _______.
a. 10m
b. 20m
c. 30m
d. 40m
The composting facility shall be located on a surface with a slope of between
_______.
a. 1 - 4 %
b. 1 - 6 %
c. 2 - 4 %
d. 2 - 6%
What is/are the importance of separation distance for composting facilities?
a. It minimize potential environmental conflicts between non-compatible land
uses.
b. It minimize odor related problems.
c. It ensure the integrity of groundwater systems
d. All of the above
Which of the following help/s in decomposing organic material like dead plants
and animals?
a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Virus
d. Worms
Additional Activities
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer by choosing the answer inside
the box.
1% and 6%
5% and 8%
less than 1 meter
effective
greater than 2 meters
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composting
defective
compost
decomposed
immature
1. The composting facility shall be located on a surface with a slope of
between________.
2. The composting facility shall not be located in areas subject to flooding and
where seasonal high groundwater table is __________.
3. Proper site selection is a prerequisite to the establishment of safe and
________composting operations.
4. ________is added to the soil to improve its structure and nutrient content.
5. The ___________organic material becomes part of the soil.
Answer Key
Additional Activities
1. (1% and 6%)
2. (less than 1 meter)
3. (effective)
4. (Compost)
5. (decomposed)
Assessment
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. C
9. D
10. C
II.
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
What I Know
I
1. A
2. A
3. D
4. D
5. D
References
Content:
Anacleto B. Coronel, MS., DVM. A primeron Animal Husbandry Technology and
Livelihood Education III .Agriculture and Fishery. Animal Production. SEDP
SERIES
Competency Based-Learning Material
Animal Production NC II Module 1-6 Deciding to Raise Poultry pages 1-14
http://lessismore.org/materials/72-benefits-of-composting/
Images:
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https://poultrymanual.com/poultry-philippines-chicken-breeds
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Hubbard+chicken&FORM=HDRSC2
http://www.filipinopoultry.com/index.php/2016/05/23/chicken-breeds-inphilippines/
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Houses%20for%20Chicks%2FBrooders%
20in%20the%20philippines&qs=n&form=QBIR&sp=1&pq=houses%20for%20chicks%2Fbrooders%20in%20the%20philippines&sc
=0-45&sk=&cvid=51701CC9666441AEA2D030BE12BFF6A3.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net
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