Martin and Pear “Behavior Modification: What it is and how to do it” 11th edition, (Routledge).
Chapter sixteen mainly discussed how to establish behavior by escape and voidance
conitioning. Throughout the chapter we learned that the principle of escape conditioning can
also be called negative reinforcement. This is when the aversive stimuli is removed right after a
behvaior occurs, this tends to increase the chances or the likelihood of that specific targeted
behavior. Escape conditioning is a big shaper for ones daily bhevaiors. Anexample of this would
be shivering when walking into a walk in freezer. Avoidance conditioning has a principle which
states when a behavior prevents an aversive stimulus from happening or occurring then that will
cause for a increase with in the frequency of that specific targeted behavior. When there is a
warning stimulus involved this often means that avoidance conditioning was involved. There are
times in which some avoidance responses happen this is usually when one is trying to escape
from a warning stimulus, un wanted thoughts, or anxiousness.
1. Escape conditioning is a removal of a specific stimuli and is also called negative
reinforcement.
2. Escape conditioning is similar to punishment because they both imvolve the use of
aversive stimulus.
3. Escape conditioning in everyday life could be shivering when walking into a walk in
freezer, or crying when you get hurt.
4. Another name for escape conditioning is averdive stimulus or negative reinforcement.
5. Avoidance conditioning is once a behavior prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring
it then results in a increase frequency of the behvaior.
6. Another name for warning stimulus is conditioned aversive stimulus.
7. Two differences between escape and avoidance conditioning is that escape responses
remove aversive stimulus that have already occurred, as well as the latter often involves
a warning stimulus.
8. Some examples of avoidance conditioning in everyday life are giving correct responses
on their exams to avoid bad good grades or not arguing with family to avoid issues.
9. Some immediate consequences that one might maintain with avoidance response is that
the avoidance response sometimes allows for a person to immediately escape from
anxious thoughts, as well as immediately escape from unwanted thoughts.
10. The name of the type of avoidance conditioning that involves a warning stimulus is
immediately escaping inorder to not get anxious, or avoiding unwanted feelings or
thoughts.
11. Some immediate consequences that might maintain avoidance responses are turning
down a road when you see a cop, putting a dog in another room when someone walks
into a house, calling someone when they are at a party and avoiding the background
music.
12. An example of inadvertent establishment of conditioned aversive stimuli is studying
harder when you failed a previous exam.