EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During the monsoon season, which lasts from November until January, Malaysia is susceptible to natural calamities such as floods, which occur on an annual basis. These floods were responsible for significant damage to homes, roads, businesses, and public buildings, as well as the deaths of some individuals. Many precautions have been made by the government in attempt to prevent these tragedies, yet it seems they went unresolved. Here, the Floody is planned to help monitor and manage this urgent situation by delivering important information to the public and the local authorities in the impacted area. The system is able to measure the level of the water and will send a notification to the appropriate authorities as well as the general public if it detects that flood conditions are present. Furthermore, the technology enables the public and the local authorities to access the live real time data of the water level via the mobile application on their mobile phones. Floody intends to employ Internet of Things sensors and mobile applications for a flood warning system in Malaysia, notably in rural and urban regions. Floody will emphasise the use of mobile applications, GPRS for data transmission, and SMS to inform individuals in potential flood zones. If there is flooding at a particular site, it will take them some time to get there because the water level is rising so quickly. At the height of the flood, flooding will occur in residential areas, public buildings, and bridges, which will immediately inflict damage. Over the course of the past few decades, many different flood risk solutions have been created in order to reduce the likelihood of flooding in populated regions. When there is a flood, a poor flood monitoring system in a region that is extremely prone to flooding is one of the elements that contributes to the damage that is done and the loss of life that happens. Insufficient flood monitoring can have a devastating impact on both human life and the natural environment. In addition, victims are unable to obtain precise information on the situation and conditions at the moment before the flooding happens in a relatively short amount of time. Since the water level is rising so quickly, the sufferer needs to obtain accurate information as promptly as possible. Last but not least, a deficient flood warning system will result in harm to both infrastructure and people's livelihoods. The equipment that have been used to detect floods in the past several decades have been replaced by technology that is more accurate. Regrettably, an early warning system still demonstrates some lack of significance, and it is challenging to alert all of the individuals who live in the vicinity. As a result, in order to create a wireless sensor node system without encountering any difficulties, many elements need to be taken into consideration. The system should be comprised of low-cost, multifunctional, low-power, and wireless sensor nodes of a compact size. These nodes should collaborate with one another to detect the environment, process the data, and communicate wirelessly over a short distance. A device known as a sensor is one that is capable of measuring and converting a physical quantity into a signal that can be read by an observer or an instrument. In most cases, sensors are used to monitor the physical or environmental conditions of an area of interest, such as the level of water, the sound level, the pressure, the contaminants, or the mobility. Accurate data gathered from the sensors is essential for a wide variety of uses, including the prediction of future flood disasters and the ongoing development and enhancement of the system. We looked into how organisations can best warn people, how much warning they can give, and how to make people more aware and ready. We did survey research to learn about the characteristics of the stream and the roles government organisations play in flood warning systems. Our goals were to learn about the limits of warning systems in the area, the roles each organisation plays in flood warning systems, and to improve our recommendations. We did interviews and surveys in person and online to find out how people like to communicate and how prepared and aware the community is. We put out surveys on Facebook and other social media sites to get a large number of responses. We also did surveys in person to reach local communities and control access to technology. When people were interviewed in person, questions and themes from the survey could be expanded and put in a different context. Based on what people said they wanted in a survey, a draught of the public interface of a one-stop shop was also made. We asked people in the community how they felt about these things in our surveys and interviews. Content analysis was done on interviews with the help of a codebook that was made by figuring out what ideas would help put survey data in context. Data from surveys was directly tabulated and cross-tabulated, and differences between groups were often looked at by comparing them to demographic groups. Product and Service Description Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology has now reached the public. It is ubiquitous, provides rapid information on our products, and enables us to make judgments in the moment. Simply described, the Internet of Things consists of objects and equipment communicating through an internet network. IoT, in contrast to previous technologies, encompasses numerous technical disciplines, is essential to a modern digital business, and has higher appeal. It integrates physical and digital assets with network infrastructure and generates actionable consumption analysis. Through sensor-based data collection, data optimization, and process automation, IoT is crucial for accelerating the digital transformation activities of both businesses and individuals. This will be essential for developing new business models and optimising output across all industries. The objective of a flood warning service is to detect and forecast potentially dangerous flood events in order to alert the general public in advance so that they can take the necessary precautions and actions to lessen the effects of the event. This technology is highly important in developing countries since flooding is responsible for the death of a significant number of people and the destruction of a significant amount of property in these countries. In situations where protection through large-scale, hard defences is either not desirable or not achievable, flood alerts are an extremely significant form of adaptive measure. This may be the case if the installation of defences would result in unfavourable environmental or socioeconomic consequences, or if the expense of constructing defences would be prohibitively expensive. There are two separate steps to the process of flood warning: Flood warning Notification These phases are made up of a few different sub-stages, and they are connected to one another through the communication of safety information. ‘Floody’ is a flood warning system consist of network-ready software that facilitates realtime data gathering and management, graphical map displays, alarm activation, and instant messaging or mobile application-based notification. The initial step of this endeavour is to determine the river's flood plain zoning. This stage allows us to extract data regarding the river's water levels. The warning level and danger level, as well as the location of the sensors, can be calculated mathematically. Next, the water level sensors will be programmed to relay signals to other components of the system. The first sensor will be installed in the riverbank warning zone. The second sensor, which is located in the danger zone, will send signals to the public address system, alerting residents to leave immediately. In addition, a control system will be constructed so that the rate of water rise can be evaluated, and a distress signal may be transmitted to the public based on the severity of the flood. Technology Description Floods are mostly produced by severe rainfall that lasts for several days or by strong rainfall over a short period of time, which causes a river or stream's water level to rise, causing the water to overflow and submerge the surrounding land. We suggest a flood control and drainage system to address this specific issue and avoid flooding from diminishing the quality of life of Malaysians. This system will detect and reduce the water level of a flood by draining out excess water from the river. A sensor will be placed at the warning level of water. Additionally, another sensor will be installed at the danger level of water where it will detect when the water level exceeds this danger level. This is a special case where the drainage system cannot cope with the rapidly increasing water level and overflowing of water might occur. A signal will be sent according to the level of danger to the public announcement system in order to alarm the residents of the impending flood, in which they can evacuate safely. People will also receive notifications via phone from the system. As soon as water comes into contact with this sensor, a wireless signal is immediately relayed to the alarm and an LED will illuminate to alert occupants of potential danger. This sensor will activate the residential areas so everyone can safely evacuate. The water detection sensors are positioned where water level measurements may be collected most accurately. Weather conditions are one of the considerations addressed when situating the sensor. During dry seasons, the water level will remain low or within the safe zone, however during wet seasons, it will dramatically rise to a high-risk level. Changes in water level will be sensed by the water detection sensors and immediately relayed to the centralised control unit via radio frequency. The RF receiver's output is coupled to the main control unit for real-time system updates. Example of a flooding zone with alert/warning information is presented in Table 1. Table 1: The risk zone in a flood event. Zone Description Neutral zone All types of vehicles can use the road Safe zone All types of vehicles can use the road Low risk zone Heavy and light vehicle can use the road Moderate risk zone Only heavy vehicle can use the road High risk zone Road is closed for all vehicles Flowchart 1: Flowchart of the system. The water detection level will be decided by the system's total number of sensors. The management of the monitoring station determines the detection level, which comprises the minimum water detection level, the maximum water detection level, and the variation between each sensor. This may vary depending on the observed site and the water level rise. The water level sensor will be calibrated to many standard parts. When the sensor detects that the water level has risen above the road's normal level, the process begins. The sensor will then send a signal to the microcontroller, which will transmit it to the control centre. At the location of the receiver, the microcontroller controls the output of the LCD display. LCD display if the signal from the water level sensor indicates a flood has occurred. In the control centre, we will be aware of what will occur in the affected area and the extent of the flooding. The control centre will function as an information hub for the authorities to take additional action. Design Concept: The fundamental operating principle of the flood warning system design is to detect and notify nearby users based on water level via SMS or mobile apps. When the water level reaches the danger level of flooding, an alarm will sound so that the surplus water will be automatically drained into the drainage system, thus effectively lowering the water level in the river to a safer level. So, the stages to designing this project are as follows: Identify the flood plain zoning for rivers that are prone to flooding in order to construct acceptable flood warning levels along the riverbank. Create sensors that can detect when the water level exceeds a certain threshold and programme them to send an alert. Design the mobile apps to notify the nearby user. The purpose of flood warning system via wireless sensor networks is to detect flooding in advance. The two most important aspects of this system are hardware design and software development. The hardware component is essential for the system’s ability to control the complete system and the transmitter and receiver modules used in wireless communication to transmit and receive messages. Four major components make up the detection system: Arduino UNO R3 Image 1: Arduino UNO R3 The Arduino UNO R3 Microcontroller processes the input data from the ultrasonic sensor, and its output is shown on the LCD, with warnings on LED lights, an alarm sound on the buzzer, and a GSM SIM 800L module that sends a flood warning message to the communities within the watershed. Water Level Sensor Image 2: Water Level Sensor The water level sensor is regarded as one of the most significant devices utilised in the project, as it allows the current water level to be determined. This sensor is designed to detect the rise of water. When the water level rises, the Arduino will get a signal. Everyone in this case needs an accurate sensor to provide information on the water level to the entire population in the area. Radio Frequency Radio frequency, also known as RF, is one of the subtypes of electromagnetic waves that can be utilised in radio transmission due to its frequency or wavelength being optimal for such use. The term "carrier frequency" refers to one type of frequency, while "modulated frequency" refers to the other. Both types of frequencies are used in radio communication. Mobile Apps Using mobile applications, the flooded region can be monitored or reported on as needed. The Floody mobile application is designed to assist users in monitoring the flooded areas that are present in Malaysia. It is able to notify users of flooded roads that are inaccessible and provide them the ability to report flooded places that they come across.
