MOTIVATION
Motivation is the process that initiates, guides,
and maintains goal-oriented behaviours.
Motivation involves the biological, emotional,
social, and cognitive forces that activate behaviour.
NATURE OF MOTIVATION
• It is a continuous process
• It may be positive or negative
• It is need based
• It is complex process
• It differs from person to person
TYPES OF MOTIVES
•Motives can be divided into three major categories
•Primary motives
•Stimulus motives
•Secondary motives
PRIMARY MOTIVES
•Are based on biological needs that must be met for survival.
They are innate like hunger, thirst , pain avoidance, needs for
air, sleep and regulation of body temperature.
STIMULUS MOTIVES
• Express our needs for stimulation and information. For
example, activity, curiosity, exploration, throwing parties,
reading, hanging out with friends, emailing each other.
Imagine what your life would be like if you felt no arousal?
No stress? Boring!
SECONDARY MOTIVES:
•Based on learned needs, drives, and goals.
Helps explain many
human activities like making music, creating a web page, trying
to win a skateboarding contest.
•These motives are related to learned needs for power,
affiliation,(the need to be with others ), approval, status, security,
and achievement.
TYPES OF MOTIVATION
•Intrinsic Motivation: This is when motivation comes from
"internal" factors to meet personal needs. We do things we
do because we enjoy them.
•Extrinsic Motivation: This is when motivation comes from
"external" factors that are given or controlled by others.
FACTORS AFFECTING MOTIVATION
The Primary Motivation Factors
•Fear. Workers have to know there will be consequences
for poor performance and bad behaviour.
•Peer Pressure. Good managers use people to motivate
• . other.
each
•Pride.
•Recognition.
•Money
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
•Different schools of thought look at motivation ( that power
that either starts or stops behavior ) through different lenses.
•Instinct theory
•Drive theory
•Incentive theory
EMOTIONS
EMOTIOS
A complex reaction pattern, involving experiential,
behavioral and physiological elements.”
“
PHYSIOLOGY AND EMOTION
•Emotion is a physiological experience with
behavioral expression of feelings in response to any
sensory information. The behavioral changes include
musculoskeletal, autonomic, and endocrine
responses.
HOW EMOTIONS AFFECT OUR PHYSIOLOGY?
• Increases or decreases in heart rate, cutaneous blood flow
(blushing or turning pale), sweating, and gastrointestinal
motility can all accompany various emotions.
THEORIES OF EMOTION
• Physiological theories suggest that responses within the body are
responsible for emotions.
• Neurological theories propose that activity within the brain leads to
emotional responses.
• Cognitive theories argue that thoughts and other mental activity play
an essential role in forming emotions.