PHILOSOPHIES
OF TEACHING
Prayer
Arnel M. Gamit
Teacher III
Message
MARISSA F. SORIANO
Principal I
Rationale
ALFREDO C. CUYA JR.
Master Teacher I
Rationale
• capacitate
teachers
in
different
philosophy of teaching that would
improve teaching-learning process;
and
• provide technical assistance on
developing lesson plan that integrates
various teaching philosophies.
What are Teaching Philosophies?
Teaching Philosophy
Is a set of statements that identifies and
clarify
the
beliefs,
values,
and
understanding of a teacher or an
educational institution in general. It is a
partially organized body of knowledge and
opinion of education standards in terms of
concepts and practice.
Teaching Philosophy
Educational philosophies influence what
subjects or topics teachers teach, the
way they teach them, and, more
importantly, their supporting beliefs and
values within and around the core
curriculum.
Why Educational Philosophies Matter?
To ensure the complete and
balanced
development
of
students, equipping them with not
only intellect but wisdom to
prosper.
Understanding Pedagogy
Pedagogy is a term that describes how teachers
cultivate, sustain, nurture, and transform students. It
encompasses the vision, professional knowledge,
and ideals, as well as the curriculum selection,
learning design, classroom organization, and style of
teaching and lesson delivery. Pedagogy also defines
the methods of assessment the teacher chooses and
the overall control and discipline of the classroom.
What are the different Teaching Philosophies?
1. Idealism
10. Essentialism
2. Realism
11. Progressivism
3. Pragmatism
12. Re- constructionism
4. Existentialism
13. Conservatism
5. Perennialism
14. Constructivism
6. Positivism
15. Romanticism
7. Behaviorism
16. Humanism
8. Nationalism
17. Liberalism
9. Ethno- Nationalism 18. Marxism
Idealism
 Idealism focuses on the importance of learning different ideas
and concepts. Idealists believe in reasoning and question the
use of sense perception and the scientific method.
 They believe that ideas remain constant through time and
place, and when it comes to teaching, idealists share
universal ideas and works.
 Student should have a teacher or role model who they should
look up to, so they can learn the norms of society. Teachers
in the classroom with an idealist mindset put a lot of focus on
discussion, imitation of important people, and the
lecture.
Realism
 Realism encourages and recommends the use of
scientific investigation and sense perception to
learn
 Teachers have a responsibility on their shoulders
to have the right information and background and
need to believe in the importance of
experimental learning. To learn, students must
take a hands-on approach.
Pragmatism
 Pragmatists believe in the idea of change, which allows
people to understand what it means to know.
Pragmatism, as a philosophy of education, states that
knowledge represents an exchange between the learner
and the environment.
 teach students is to ask themselves how to question
what they know and how to evolve their knowledge to
match the changing world. Teachers focus on carefully
solving problems considering change by giving
students brainstorming activities to encourage
collaboration.
Existentialism
 Existentialism involves focusing on the ideas of
existence in which individuals create their meaning and
purpose. Existentialists believe in the importance of
personal choice, and in educational institutes where
existentialism is promoted, teachers try to develop
students into free, self-actualizing adults.
 Students discuss their lives and the decisions they
make while teachers emphasize asking questions
and teaching them to define themselves through
their way of life.
Perennialism
 Perennials are teachers who believe that knowledge passed
through the ages should continue to be part of the curriculum
 Perennials focus their teachings on logic, analytical thinking, and
reasoning.
 The classes that fall under this approach would be physics,
chemistry, science, math, religion, and history.
 Perennialism is a subject-centered philosophy in which the
educator teaches students to think rationally.
 A perennial classroom is organized and well-disciplined, and
teachers try to guide the thought process of students towards
appreciation of great works such as literature and science
discoveries.
 The teacher is the main actor on the stage.
Positivism
 Teachers who value positivism use documented facts
and tangible truths as their anchor points.
 Positivism describes an approach to education that
uses scientific evidence such as statistics and
experiments to reveal a truth about how a society
functions.
Behaviorism
 Behaviorists believe in pain and gain through rewards
and punishments.
 Teachers use intrinsic and extrinsic rewards whenever
students perform a desired behavior. The same
concept applies to punishments.
Essentialism
 Essentialism is a teacher-centered philosophy that
aims to teach basic skills.
 This educational philosophy advocates training the
mind by focusing on transmitting a series of difficult
topics for the promotion of students to the next level.
 The teachers impart knowledge by giving lectures while
students take notes and solve problems.
Progressivism
 Progressivism is a student-centered form of teaching philosophy.
Here, students follow the scientific method of questioning, and
teachers evaluate them by assigning projects and portfolios.
However, instead of dictating and controlling the teaching process,
progressivists facilitate students with what they need.
 Teachers believe that students learn best from what they consider
most relevant in their lives, so they base their curricula on the needs,
experiences, interests, and abilities of students.
 They promote collaboration using group activities and problemsolving to focus on them, not the content or the teacher.
Reconstructionism
 Reconstructionism is another student-centered philosophy that
strives to instill a desire in students to make the world a better
place.
 Reconstructionists focus on controversial world issues and current
events to fuel their thinking process.
 Educators teach students the value of working together to bring
about change by incorporating the curriculum with trending world
events.
 These teachers are often activists of a movement or cause, such
as global warming, war, pollution, world hunger, and deforestation.
The idea of reconstructionism is to address social questions and
join the quest to create a better society.
Conservatism
 Conservatism is the belief the educational institutions
should function according to their original purpose.
 Conservatives believe in traditional exams and
classrooms while opposing the idea of modern
education methods such as online learning.
Constructivisim
 Constructivists believe in active participation. A typical
classroom contains students who are free to explore
their ideas and share concepts in non-traditional ways.
 Constructivism recognizes the fact that learners
construct knowledge based on their beliefs and
experiences rather than passively take in information.
 Teachers use students’ experiences of the world to
help them build their representations and incorporate
new information. It’s almost like adding words to the
dictionary or writing a poem.
Romanticism
 Romantics believe in the natural goodness of people is
hindered by urbanization.
 Romantics believed in knowledge through intuition
rather than deduction, and this student-centered
approach focused on differentiation with no set
curricula, formal classes, or tests.
 Students decided what they wanted to learn, and in
many cases, they were expected to learn them on their
own.
Humanism
 Humanism is based on the idea that students should
have the choice in the learning process.
 It considers the individual interests and abilities of
students to bring out the best of them.
 Teachers give students the center-stage allowing them
to plan, collaborate, and make decisions together.
Nationalism
 Nationalists showcase their love for their country and
natural spirit and use it to teach students in ways that
tie the interests of a nation to the symbols that
represent it.
 Teachers try to highlight aspects favorable to their
country while discussing with students.
Ethno- nationalism
 Ethno-Nationalism is similar to nationalism, but instead
of loyalty lying with one’s country, it lies with one’s
ethnic or racial group.
 Teachers use the ethnic ‘mother tongue’ to teach in
class rather than the official national language of the
classroom.
 Educational institutions promote ethnonationalism is by
including the ethnic group’s literature, history,
traditions, food, and sports, etc.
Liberalism
 Liberal educational philosophy is a system of course of
education designed for the cultivation of a free human
being. Liberalism aims to empower individuals with not
only intellect, broader knowledge, and transferable
skills but also a stronger sense of ethics, social
responsibility, and values.
 Teachers prepare students to deal with complexity,
diversity, and change without compromising essential
knowledge of human cultures and the physical world.
Marxism
 It promotes activity, collaboration, and criticism but
does not encourage passive absorption of knowledge.
 It imparts information to students that challenge the
uneven distribution of power and wealth between social
classes.
 Encourage students to become entrepreneurs and start
businesses rather than graduate, look for a job, and
become a part of the system.
AWARDING OF
CERTIFICATE
Closing Remarks
MARVIN R. LEANO
Master Teacher I