San Antonio de Padua College
National Highway Brgy. Sta. Clara Sur Pila, Laguna
Tel No. (049) 559 – 0501/ 09328564408
LEARNING ACTIVITY and ASSESSMENT SHEET
Name: _______________________________________________ Grade/ Score: ____________________________
Grade and Section: ____________________________________ Date: _________________________________
Subject (Check or choose from below) ______________________
EsP
Filipino
TLE
Science
English
MAPEH
Araling Panlipunan
Math
Others ____________
Stage of Lesson: (Check or Choose) _____ Explore _____ Firm – Up
_____ Deepen
_____ Transfer
Type of Activity: (Check or Choose from below) ______________________________________
Concept Notes
Laboratory Report
Formal Theme
Others
Skills, Exercise/ Drill
Illustration
Informal Theme
Activity Title :
Learning Target:
Research Variables
Define and explain the types of variables in a quantitative research project.
Identify the variables in research examples.
Reference Title: Practical Research for SHS by Cristobal et.al, pp. 111-116
CONCEPT NOTES:
The goal of quantitative research is to examine the relationships between variables.
A variable is a characteristic or attribute of interest in the research study that can
take on different values and is not constant. Variables may be straightforward and
easy to measure including characteristics such as gender, weight, height, age, size,
and time. Other variable may be more complex and more difficult to measure.
Examples of these types of variables may include socioeconomic status, attitudes,
achievement, education level, and performance.
This module will focus on five types of variables: independent, dependent, extraneous,
moderator and mediator variables. The two primary types of variables are dependent
and independent variables. An independent variable is the variable manipulated or
changed by the researcher. The independent variable affects or determines the
values of dependent variable. The dependent variable is sometimes referred to as
the outcome variable because the resulting outcome of manipulating the independent
variable is typically the focus of the research study. The dependent variable is the
one that the researcher is attempting to predict or explain. The distinction between
independent and dependent variables is especially important when studying causeeffect relationships. Following are two examples:

A researcher wants to study the effectiveness of different dosages of a
particular antibiotic in clearing an infection.

The independent variable - varying dosages of antibiotic.

The dependent variable - the presence or absence of infection following a
specific time period.

The researcher plans to study the relationship between the amount of time
spent in a study group and test scores.

The independent variable – number of hours spent in a study group.

The dependent variable – test scores.
San Antonio de Padua College
National Highway Brgy. Sta. Clara Sur Pila, Laguna
Tel No. (049) 559 – 0501/ 09328564408
LEARNING ACTIVITY and ASSESSMENT SHEET
Name: _______________________________________________ Grade/ Score: ____________________________
Grade and Section: ____________________________________ Date: _________________________________
Subject (Check or choose from below) ______________________
EsP
Filipino
TLE
Science
English
MAPEH
Araling Panlipunan
Math
Others ____________
Stage of Lesson: (Check or Choose) _____ Explore _____ Firm – Up
_____ Deepen
_____ Transfer
Type of Activity: (Check or Choose from below) ______________________________________
Concept Notes
Laboratory Report
Formal Theme
Others
Skills, Exercise/ Drill
Illustration
Informal Theme
Task:
Keeping in mind the meaning of variables in research,
that can operate as variables in any research study.
________ water
________
________ skills
________
________ ghost
________
________ experience
________
________ world
________
________ dreams
________
________ reading comprehension
________
________ voice
________
________ handwriting
________
________ guardian
________
________ pretest
________
________ posttest
________
________ guardian angel
________
________ life plans
________
________ class size
________
check all the words in the list
academic grades
aspirations
acceptability
Emotional Quotient
support system
aspiration
Social media
age
sex
language used
Academic grades
Socio economic status
textbooks
Self esteem
tardiness