Equipment and Skills Using a Bunsen Burner A Bunsen burner is used in the laboratory to heat liquids and chemicals, test chemicals, and heat materials. Other equipment that is often used with a Bunsen burner includes: tripod and wire gauze. Safety to remember when using a Bunsen burner - Tie back long hair Remove loose clothing and jewellery Never leave the lit Bunsen burner unattended Always act responsibly around fire and hot objects After use both the Bunsen burner and other metal equipment will be very hot, only use tongs or silicon gloves to touch or move hot items Refer to the diagram below for the parts of the Bunsen burner Bunsen burner use continued The steps to lighting a Bunsen burner are as follows: 1. Connect the tube to the gas tap and ensure the collar on the Bunsen burner is closed (covering the air hole) 2. Assemble other equipment if necessary 3. Light the match 4. Turn the gas tap on and hold the lit end of the match near the top of the barrel The yellow flame is called the safety flame, and is caused by a lack of oxygen to the flame when the collar is closed. It should be used when lighting and blowing out the flame and when nothing is being heated. This is a cooler flame and creates a lot of soot. The blue flame is called the heating flames, and is caused by an increase of oxygen to the flame when the collar is open. It is used when something is being heated. The cone at the centre is the location of the most heat, the top of the cone is the hottest part of the flame. Commonly used glassware and their uses Beaker A beaker is ________________________________________________. Although it has basic measurements on the side, it is not to be used for measuring liquids. Beakers are used for _______________________________ _______________________________________________________________. Plastic beakers are never to be used for heating or with strong acids. Test tubes Test tubes are used for _______________________________, small scale experiments and some heating. When heating test tubes, hold near the neck with tongs and point the open end of the test tube away from anyone. Test tubes should be stored in a _______________________________________ ________________________. Measuring cylinder Measuring cylinders are used for _____________________________________. They come in a range of sizes and the size used should match the amount of liquid being measured, for example use a 10mL cylinder for measuring 2mL of liquid not the 100mL. Funnel A funnel is used when _____________________________________________ to prevent spillage or when using filter paper. Flasks (conical, flat bottomed, side-armed) Flasks are used for ________________ where the products are ____________, especially gases. Because of the small, narrow neck, a stopper can be inserted to stop gasses escaping. Side-arm flasks can have tubing attached to collect or move the gas. Drawing scientific equipment diagrams Scientific diagrams are simple, often line drawings, of equipment. Scientific diagrams are used to save time when drawing equipment used in experiments. Look at the experiment set up at the front and draw a picture of it in the space below: Look at the symbols on the next page and re-draw the above equipment using the correct scientific diagrams Equipment Tripod Beaker Test tube Bunsen burner Wire gauze Filter funnel Measuring cylinder Retort Stand and clamp Watchglass Flask Picture Scientific diagram
