Science Latin word scientia, meaning “knowledge.” A systematic and methodical activity of building and organizing knowledge about how the universe behaves through observation, experimentation, or both. Scientific method John Heilbron Famous American science historian Science as a discovery of regularity in nature, enough for phenomena to be described by principles and laws. Science required invention to devise techniques, abstractions, apparatuses, and organizations to describe these natural regularities and their law-like descriptions. Technology Greek word techne, meaning “art, skill, or cunning of hand.” Application of scientific knowledge, laws, and principles to produce services, materials, tools, and machines aimed at solving real-world problems Fulfil our needs and desires, or perform certain functions The Medawar Lecture 1998: Is Science Dangerous? (Lewis Wolpert) Reliable scientific knowledge has no moral or ethical value Explain how nature and the universe work and that the obligations of scientists, besides studying the nature of the universe, is to explain the possible uses and applications of such scientific knowledge. Science is not the same as technology. Nature of science is that it is not possible to predict scientific discoveries and how these discoveries may be applied. Science and technology related? Provides fertile source of novel scientific question Justifies the allocation of resources needed to address these questions in an efficient and timely manner, extending the agenda of science This study source was downloaded by 100000790716167 from CourseHero.com on 06-13-2022 02:56:28 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/69833854/1stQUIZ-STS-REVIEWERdocx/ Source of otherwise unavailable instrumentation and techniques needed to address novel and more difficult scientific questions more efficiently Science, Technology, and Society Field that combines the history of science, philosophy of science, and sociology of science. Generally, applies methods drawn from history, philosophy, and sociology to study the nature of science and technology and ultimately judge their value and place in the society. As an interdisciplinary field, the emergence of STS was a result of questions about science and technology’s dynamic interaction with various aspects of society and was thus viewed as a socially embedded enterprise. Bridge the gap between two traditionally exclusive cultures – humanities (interpretative) and natural sciences (rational) – so that humans will be able to confront the moral, ethical, and existential dilemmas brought about by continued developments in science and technology. Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology History of S&T focuses on how it changed across time. Explores the impacts of scientific and technological innovations on the prevailing social, cultural, political, and economic contexts throughout history. Ancient Period The rise of ancient civilization paved the way for advances in science and technology. These advances during the ancient period allowed civilizations to flourish by looking for better ways to communicate, transport, self-organize, and enhance their way of life, in general. The Ancient Times were divided into three periods: Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) Bronze Age Iron Age Some Technologies or Inventions from the Ancient Period include: 1. 2. Ancient Wheel Paper This study source was downloaded by 100000790716167 from CourseHero.com on 06-13-2022 02:56:28 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/69833854/1stQUIZ-STS-REVIEWERdocx/ 3. 4. 5. Shadoof Antikythera Mechanism Aeolipile Middle Ages Between the collapse of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and the colonial expansion of Western Europe in the late 15th century AD, major advances in scientific and technological development took place. These include the steady increase of new inventions, introduction of innovations in traditional production, and the emergence scientific thinking and the scientific method. Some Technologies or Inventions from the middle Ages include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Heavy Plough Gunpowder Paper Money Mechanical Clock Spinning Wheel Modern Ages As the world population steadily increased, people of the Modern Ages realized the utmost importance of increasing the efficiency of transportation, communication and production. Industrialization took place with greater risks in human health, food safety and environment which had to be addressed as scientific and technological progress unfolded at an unimaginable speed. Some Technologies or Inventions from the Modern Ages include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Compound Microscope Telescope Jacquard Loom Engine-Powered Airplane Television Inventions of Filipino Scientists Necessity is also the mother of Philippine inventions. Navigation, traditional ship building, textiles, food processing, indigenous arts and techniques, and even cultural inventions. The following are some of inventions of Filipino scientists and inventors: 1. E- Jeepney This study source was downloaded by 100000790716167 from CourseHero.com on 06-13-2022 02:56:28 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/69833854/1stQUIZ-STS-REVIEWERdocx/ Most recognized national symbols of the Philippines. It is also one of the most common mode of transportation for Filipinos. The assembly and conversion of “jeepneys” for transport and utility from scraps of American military jeeps left from World War 2 showed the ingenuity and innovativeness of Filipinos. However, as the demand for more environmentally friendly transportation arose, e-jeepneys were introduced as an alternative to the traditional jeepney this is because jeepneys were reported to be one of the root causes of air pollution especially in urban areas. Their safety was held in question, as well. E-jeepneys are designed to be environment-friendly, eliminating noise and air pollution because they run on electricity. 2. Erythromycin One of the most well- known antibiotics in the market Invented by an Ilonggo scientist, Abelardo Aguilar, from a strain of Streptomyces erythraeus. However, Aguilar was not credited for this discovery because he was under the employment of an American company, Eli Lilli Co. The company eventually owned the merits for this discovery This study source was downloaded by 100000790716167 from CourseHero.com on 06-13-2022 02:56:28 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/69833854/1stQUIZ-STS-REVIEWERdocx/ Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
