Instructor
Subject
A.Y. 2021-2022
: The Life and Works of Rizal
: First Semester
1st Quarter Lesson (Prelim)
Date and Duration
September 2 – September 9
1st Quarter Lesson
Introduction to the Study of History
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, students shall be able to:
• Define and know the concept of history;
• Identify the sources dimensions of history in general: and
• Discuss the concept of historical documentation and historical imagination
ACTIVITY
Instruction: Select at least 2 items from the list that can be found inside your house (the
oldest issue) and take a selfie on it. Kindly attach the photos of the chosen item in separate page.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Old Clock
Old Coin or paper money
Old jewelry
Letter since 5-10 years ago
Old Calendar
ANALYSIS
• Provide some of your thoughts on History and of it as branch of social science.
• Enumerate the two sources of History.
• Explicate each of the following: Historical Documentation, methodology, Imagination,
Dimensions, and relevance.
ABSTRACTION
Meaning and Scope of History
The word history comes from the latin word, “historia” which means an “inquiry” or
investigation”. Historians tend to study history based on the past here they are looking for the
evidence of an event or eve civilization. The study of history became one of the oldest
disciplines in liberal arts. History is defined as “the branch of social science which deals with the
study of the past in relation to the present and the future”. Based on this definition, there are 3
elements of history: a.) as branch of social science, b.) study of the past, c.) relation to the
present and future. It is very important to examine the 3, as stated.
1. Branch of Social Science – Science is defined as “the study of facts on observation
and experimentation”. Sciences are divided into: 3 physical, natural and social
sciences. Our main concern is on social sciences where history belongs.
2. Study of the past – peoples, event, places and even civilizations are one of the
concerns in the studying history. Therefore, we will study the past, regarding Rizal’s
Life. Works and writings that all happened in the 19th century Philippines.
3. Relation to the present and the future – history is the study of the past in relation to
the present and the future. For instance, even if Rizal belonged to the 19 th century, his
life, works and even his thoughts are relevant until today. His first novel, Noli Me
Tangere talks about the “social cancer” like corruption, vices, and wring beliefs that
still exist up to this time.
Source of History:
1. Primary Source – these are the physical evidence in history such as artifacts, relics,
remains, fossils and even oral tradition.
2. Secondary Source:
a.) Published Materials – such as newspapers, magazines, journals, encyclopedia,
pamphlets, handouts, books, circulars and other materials which are published
either in hard and soft copies:
b.) Unpublished materials – such as letters, biographies, autobiography, these and
dissertations and other papers written by a scholar.
Historical Documentation
According to Theodoro Agoncillo (the late nationalist historian), “no documents, no
history… “ which had given the “documentary evidences” more weight rather than “sabi-sabi” or
hearsays. Historical documentation is very important for biography in the sense that person was
existing during his time. Records like letters, birth and death certificates, voice recordings
paintings and even court records show the “primary evidence” in writing history.
Historical Methodology
The process of writing historical details is called “historiography.” It narrates history in a
proper way according to the time, space and depth. Writing history depends on the scope of the
writer’s research and his critical analysis in using the available sources and references.
What is “historical imagination”?
The concept of historical Imagination is when the reader puts himself in the picture or
writing history using one’s imagination. For example, reading biographies puts you in the same
person in order for that person to come alive. Using historical imagination is also a part of
learning history in which “internal and external criticism” should be applied. Furthermore, by
employing historical imagination, we make the story come alive.
Dimension of History
1. Place/Geographical Dimension – the location of event(s) is really important. For
example, in the battle of Waterloo which Napoleon fought against the Perussian, he
missed to consider the climate of the country which was winter. Most likely, the
climate was the biggest factor why he lost the historic, Napoleonic War.
2. Time/Chronological Dimension – in history, time element is very important. It is the
barometer of historical events. Dating might be considered as a great factor to
distinguish as the period when Rizal was bor. Generally speaking, in history, there are
3 important datings: Ancient, Medieval and the Modern Period. The Ancient Period is
described as the geological time scale up to man’s existence and its civilization. The
Medieval Period or Age of Faith was when man discovered and learned the essence
of technology as well as to harmonize his works with environment.
Relevance in Studying History
The study of history has a great significance and relevance to the modern era since the
foundation of the nation’s national identity. The study of Philippine History gives more emphasis
in how Filipinos fought during those times of struggles such as the Propaganda Movement (1892
-1896) which influenced by several “paisanos” in Europe (Rizal, Del Pilar and Lopez – Jaena).
APPLICATION
Direction: Trace the history where Rizal experience quarantine in an epidemic or
pandemic. (Provide another sheet of
1st QuarterLesson (Prelim)
Date and Duration
September 2 – September 9
UNIT 1: Rizal’s Life: Family, Childhood and Early Education
1.0
LEARNING OUTCOMES



1.1
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
Critically assess of the effectiveness of the Rizal course.
Analyze Rizal’s family, childhood and earl education.
Evaluate the people and events and their influence on Rizal’s early life.
INTRODUCTION
Hello, my dear student! Welcome to your course subject in CoCJE PC Life and Works
of Rizal. Ever wondered why Rizal subject is included in your curriculum? It is because the
teaching of Jose Rizal’s life, works, and writings is mandated by Republic Act 1425, otherwise
known as the Rizal Law. Senator Jose P. Laurel, the person who sponsored the said law, said
that since Rizal was the founder of Philippine nationalism and has contributed much to the
current standing of this nation, it is only right that the youth as well as all the people in the
country know about and learn to imbibe the great ideals for which he died.
Rizal Law, enacted in 1956, seeks to accomplish the following goals:
1. To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism, for which our
heroes lived and died
2. To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino
character
3. To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the study of Rizal’s life, works, and
writings.
Aside from the mentioned above there are other reasons for teaching the Rizal course in
Philippine schools:
1. To recognize the importance of Rizal’s ideals and teachings in relation to present
conditions and situations in the society.
2. To encourage the application of such ideals in current social and personal problems and
issues.
3. To develop an appreciation and deeper understanding of all that Rizal fought and died
for.
4. To foster the development of the Filipino youth in all aspects of citizenship.
1.2
Lecture/Discussion and Assessment
Now, before going through the discussion below, please answer this activity first
that will develop your understanding.
All you need to do is CREATE AN IMAGE or draw on how well you know and
understand Jose Rizal as a National Hero. You can use crayons, color pen or any local
and indigenous materials.
1.2.1
A Hero is Born
A. The World When Rizal Was Born
Dr. Jose Rizal, the greatest hero of the Philippines was a “many-splendored” genius. He
was richly dowered by God with super intellectual, moral, and physical qualities. Truly, he ranks
with the world’s geniuses. Near midnight of Wednesday, June 19, 1861, when the Philippines
was in deep lumber, a frail baby-boy was born to the Rizal family in Calamba, Laguna. It was a
moonlight night, being “a few days before the full of the moon. The delivery was exceedingly
difficult, and the mother almost died.
Her seemingly miraculous survival was attributed to Our Lady of Peace and Good
Voyage. The baby boy was baptized by Rev. Rufino Collantes in the Catholic Church of
Calamba on June 22, 1861, three days after his birth. His godfather was Rev. Pedro Casañas. He
was named “Jose” by her pious mother, in honor of St. Joseph. The full name of the baby boy,
who was destined to become the greatest genius was Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonoso
Realonda. Protacio came from Gervacio P which came from a Christian calendar, in
consideration of the day of his birth. Rizal came from the word Ricial in Spanish means field
where a wheat, cut while still green, sprout again. Mercado was adopted by Domingo Lamco
which Spanish term means market. Alonzo was the old name/surname of his mother and
Realonda was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her grandmother bas on the culture by
that time.
The family name of Rizal’s parents did not coincide with his own as inscribed in his birth
certificate. This can be explained as follows: The name of Rizal’s mother was Teodora Alonso
Quintos, and according to some notes of Rizal’s brothers, Paciano, the birth certificate of Jose
bore the name Realonda because there was a time when many Filipinos has a custom of adding
the name of the godmother or godfather to child’s name. Thus, when his mother Teodora was
baptized, the name Realonda (her godmother’s) was added to her name, and later to Rizal’s.
Rizal himself gave in a letter to Blumentritt the complete name of his mother.
As regards the family name, this was a matter of selection, in conformity with the order
in force about the middle of the 19th century, to the effect that the natives chose the family name
they wished from a list provided for this purpose. Rizal’s father ignored these orders and
reapplied for the name Rizal. The petition was rejected by the Spanish authorities, but despite
this, the Mercado family used the name Rizal as a second family name. Jose was the first to use
the family name “Rizal” in 1872 when he went to Manila to enroll at the Ateneo Municpal,
directed by the Jesuits. There was a good reason for the change. Only six months had elapsed
since the Cavite Mutiny in 1972. This event was to have a profound effect on the ideological
genesis of Jose, despite the fact that he was only eleven years old at that time. His brother
Paciano had contacts with Father Burgos, who was executed as a consequence of the uprisings.
The name Mercado thus became subject to suspicion. Hence, the adoption of Rizal as the first
family name.
Parents: Jose was 7th of the eleven children of Francisco Mercado Rizal and mother
Teodora Alonzo Realonda. The hero’s father, Francisco (1818-1898), was worn in Biñan,
Laguna, on May 11, 1818 and died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80. He was an
educated farmer having studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila. In
early manhood after his mother’s death he moved to Calamba and became a tenant-farmer of the
Dominican estate. He married a college bred- Manileña, Teodora Alonzo Realonda on June 28,
2848. Dr. Rizal, his greatest child, affectionately called him “a model of fathers”. He was a quiet,
serious, frugal man, taller than the average Filipino, with wide shoulders, brown complexion,
prominent forehead, large dark eyes, large ears, and firm jaws.
The hero’s mother, Teodora (1826-1911), was born in Manila on November 8, 1826 and
died in Manila on August 16, 1911, at the age of 85. A graduate of Santa Rosa College, she was
a talented woman with high culture, business ability, and literary gift. She had the most striking
personality in the family circle, due to her intelligence, her upbringing, and her disposition. A
well-read person, she knew how to appreciate literature, corrected her son’s verses, and had a
good knowledge of mathematics.
Rizal Ancestors. Like most Filipinos, Rizal was of mixed racial origin. In his veins
flowed the blood of the East and West. Rizal’s great-great- grandfather was Domingo Lamco, the
intelligent and industrious Chinese merchant, who married Ines de la Rosa, a Chinese mestiza.
From Parian. The family migrated to Biñan and became tenants in the Dominican estate.
Lamco’s only son, Francisco, who was to be Rizal’s great-grandfather was a keen, witty, and
liberal young man. He became quite well-to-do and popular enough to be appointed municipal
captain of Biñan in 1783. The family adopted the surname “Mercado” to free the younger
generation from the prejudices that followed those with a Chinese name.
Francisco Mercado’s wife, Bernarda Monicha, was a Chinese mestiza. They were bless
with two children: Juan and Clemente. Juan married Cirila Alejandra, also a Chinese mestiza.
The couple had fourteen children including who was to be Rizal’s father. Francisco and two of
his sister moved to a Dominican estate in Calamba and became pioneer farmers.
Materially, socially, and professionally, the family of Teodora Alonso was a better off
than the family of her husband. In those days when professionals were few, the Alonso clan
could boast of a number of lawyers, priests, engineers and government officials. Teodora, Rizal’s
mother whose parents were Lorenzo Alberto Alonso and Brigida Ochoa belonged to a
professionally famous family from Baliuag Bulacan.
Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=the+mercado+family&tbm
The Rizal Children. God blessed the marriage of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora
Alonso Realonda with eleven children – two boys and nine girls. These children were as follows.
1. Saturnina (1850-193). She was the oldest of the Rizal children, nickname
Neneng. She married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.
2. Paciano (1851-1930). Older brother of Rizal and become a general when he
joined the revolution. He was immortalized in Rizal’s first novel Noli Me
Tangere as the wise Pilosopong Tasio. After the revolution, he retired to his
farm in Los Baños and led the life of a gentleman farmer
3. Narcisa (1852-1939). Pet name, Sisa. She married Antonino Lopez, a school
teacher of Morong, Rizal.
4. Olimpia (1855-1887). Pet name, Ypia. She married Silvestre Ubaldo, a
telegraph operator from Manila.
5. Lucia (1857- 1919). She married Mariano Herbosa, a Batagueño farmer.
6. Maria (1859-1945). She was known as Biang. She married Daniel Faustino
Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
7. Jose (1861 – 1896). The lucky seven in a family of eleven children. The
greatest hero and peerless genius. His nickname was Pepe.
8. Concepcion (1862-1865). She died at the age of three. Her death was Rizal’s
first sorrow in life. Her nick name was Concha.
9. Josefa (1865-1945). She died unmarried at the age of 80; Panggoy was her
nickname.
10. Trinidad (1868-1951). She also died unmarried at the age of 83; Trining was
her nickname.
11. Soledad (1870-1929). She was the youngest of the Rizal children and known
as Choleng. She married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba.
Rizal Home. It is one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba during the Spanish
times. It was rectangular in shape, “of adobe stone and hardwood with a red-tiled roof. Behind it
were the poultry yard and full of turkeys and chickens and the garden of tropical fruit trees. It
was a happy home where parental affection and children’s laughter reigned. By day, it hummed
with the jubilant noises of the children at play. By night, it echoed with the dulcet notes of family
prayers. Both parents and children were harmoniously united by strong ties of affection and
understanding.
Rizal’s family home in Calamba, Laguna
Source: https://www.bayaniart.com/articles/jose-rizal-biography/jose_rizal_home_1/
1.2.2 Rizal’s Childhood
Childhood in Calamba. “Cradle of a Genius”. At the age of four, he could recognize the
martin, the maya, multi-coloured kuliawan, and many others. In the afternoon, protected from the
tropical sub by the shadow of Mount Makiling, the young Rizal contemplated at these birds with
joy. How happy he was in that communion with nature.
His mother nurture his mind, equipped with a great capacity for assimilation and with
exceptional intelligence. She taught him how to read and write; she inculcated in him a sense of
duty. She corrected his faults, especially his obstinacy. To accomplish this, she used parables,
which Jose, like other children loved to listen to. At the end of each parable, the mother
explaining the symbolism, brought out a moral lesson.
In hours of leisure, he would return to the orchard where the study of insects held his
interest. Since childhood hobbies are usually those that last, Jose retained his inclination to
botany and zoology in his lifetime.
Rizal continued making progress in his studies. Before the age of three, he could recite
the alphabet; he paid great attention to the lessons that his sisters received from their tutors. This
great diligence was not forced on him by his mother. It was he, himself, who evinced an innate
curiosity for and interest in learning. In Calamba, he learned how to write. It is said that his
father paid an old man to teach him the elements of Latin. The classes lasted only five months
owing to the death of the old man.
He went to a school in Calamba, but after a short time it was clear that he had learned all
there was to learn from his school teacher. He made to stop going to school. He was at that time
seven years old.
In 1868, shortly after the birth of Trinidad, Jose made his first trip to Manila. Part of the
trip was by boat across the Laguna de Bay and it provided him with a new and much faceted
experience which ten years later, he captured in poetic prose. He also went to visit the Virgin of
Antipolo in fulfilment of a promise made by his mother on the he was born.
Biñan. Rizal continued his studies at home. But the situation could not go on, so
Francisco thought of sending the boy to Biñan, his native town bigger than Calamba, along the
banks of Laguna de Bay which was an hour-and-a half ride away. The teachers in Biñan would
be more capable to teach him.
He was at that time nine years old. It was his first time that he was separated from his
family. Accompanied by Paciano, he left Biñan one Sunday, arriving there at sundown. They
went to their aunt’s house where Rizal was to board, together with six other relative, Paciano
introduced him to his teacher, who was his tutor before. When the teachers asked Rizal, whether
he spoke Spanish, Rizal answered, “A little Sir”. This prompted one of his co –students, Pedro,
to make fun of him. Rizal, although smaller and younger, challenged him to a fight after class.
He himself admitted that he won by sheer luck. He gained the reputation of being small but
strong but his fame did not last long.
Occasionally, he would take a trip to Calamba, but not as often as he wished. He was not
happy in Biñan. The stronger reason was that he was homesick for his town and family.
By about the middle of 1870, he received a letter from home announcing that the boat
Talim would pass for him on his return home. Not only was he going home, but he was also
going by boat, an experience he never had before. Rizal spent Christmas with his family and
there it was decided that he would not return to Biñan. While waiting for the month of June when
he would enrol for secondary school in Manila, they provided him with another professor, with
whom he did not learn anything except the multiplication table.
The Detention of Teodora Alonso: While Rizal, happy in his family, awaited the month
of July to go to school in Manila, something happened that darkened the lie in that home. Jose
Alberto, cousin of Teodora, was one of the wealthiest in Biñan. Upon his return from a trip to
Europe, he came home to find his wife gone and his children abandoned. To all appearances, she
had been unfaithful to him. Jose Alberto planes to separate from her, but Teodora intervened for
the sake of the children, and for the reasons based on the Catholic principle she professed. They
succeeded in dissuading him from his plans and the family was reunited.
Subsequent events proved tragic. Rizal says in his memories. ”A few days later, the
infamous woman, together with a lieutenant of the guardia civil who had been a family friend,
accused him (Jose Alberto) of poisoning”, and named his mother as the accomplice. His mother
was put in prison by the alcalde, who was a fanatic, a puppet of the friars. From then on, Jose
Alberto doubted all men and lost faith in their friendship.
The detention of Teodora was marked by extreme cruelty and humiliation. They made
her walk barefoot to the prison which was situated 30 kilometers away. When the case reached
the Audiencia, the alcalde asked pardon for Teodora. She was finally absolved, but the case
dragged in for two and a half years before she finally gained release.
Influences on Hero’s Boyhood. In the lives of all men there are influences which cause
some to be great and others not. In the case of Rizal, he had all the favourable influences, which
no other child in our country had enjoyed. Theses influences are the following:
1. Hereditary influence: According to biological science, there are inherent traits or qualities
which a person inherits from his ancestors and parents. From his Malayan ancestors,
Rizal evidently, inherited his passionate love for freedom and his serenity of life’s
outlook. From his Chinese ancestors he derived his serious nature, frugality, patience, and
love for children. From his Spanish ancestors, he got his elegance of bearing, sensitivity
to insult, and gallantry to ladies. From his father, he inherited profound sense of selfrespect, the love for work, and the habit of independent thinking. And from his mother,
he inherited his religious nature, the spirit of self-sacrifice and the passion for arts and
literature.
2. Environmental Influence: According to psychologist, environment, as well as hereditary,
affects the nature of a person. Environmental influence includes places, associates and
events. The scenic beauties of Calamba and the beautiful garden of the Rizal family
stimulated the inborn artistic and literary talents of Jose Rizal. The religious atmosphere
at his home fortified his religious nature. His brother, Paciano, instilled in his mind the
values of brotherly love. From his sisters, he learned to be courageous and kind to
women. The fairy tales told by his aya during his early childhood awakened his interest
in folklore and legends. His Uncle Gregorio taught him to love books. His Uncle Jose
inspired him to develop his artistic ability. From his Uncle Manuel, he learned the
importance of good health and sports. And from Father Leoncio Lopez, parish priest from
Calamba, he acquired the value of intellectual honesty and the love for scholarship.
The sorrows in his family, such as the death of Concha in 1865 and the
imprisonment of his mother in 1872-74, contributed to his melancholy temperament. But
such sorrows helped to strengthen his character enabling him to resist blows of adversity
in later years. The Spanish abuses and cruelties which he witnessed in his boyhood, such
as the brutal acts of the lieutenant of the Guardia Civil and the alcalde, the unjust torture
inflicted on innocent Filipinos, and the execution of Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora,
awakened his spirit of patriotism and inspired him to dedicate his life to redeem his
oppressed people.
3. Aid of Divine Providence: Greater than heredity and environment in the fate of man is the
aid of Divine Providence. Rizal was providentially destined to be the pride and glory of
our people. God had endowed him with the versatile talents of a rare genius, the
unsurpassed spirit of nationalism, and the valiant heart to sacrifice himself for a noble
cause. He gave us this particular genius and hero during the darkest period of our history
in order that our suffering people might be emancipated from Spanish tyranny.
1.2.3 Triumphs in Ateneo
Four months after the martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za and with Doña Teodora still in prison,
Jose, who had not yet celebrated his 11th birthday, was sent to Manila. He studied in the Ateneo
Municipal, a college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits. This college was a bitter rival
of the Dominican-owned College of San Juan de Letran.
It was formerly the Escuela Pia (Charity School), a school for boys in Manila which was
established by the city government in 1817. When the Jesuits, who had been expelled from the
Philippines in 1768, returned to Manila in 1859, they were given the management of the Escuela
Pia, whose name was changed to Ateneo Municipal and later became the Ateneo de Manila.
They had lost all their properties during
the period of their exile, hence they were given splendid educators, so that within a few years
Ateneo acquired wide prestige as an excellent college for boys.
Rizal Enter the Ateneo. On June 10, 1872, Jose, accompanied by Paciano, went to
Manila, He took the entrance examinations on Christian doctrine, arithmetic, and reading at the
College of San Juan de Letran, and passed them all. He returned to Calamba to stay a few days
with his family and to attend the town fiesta. His father, who first wished him to study at Letran,
changed his mind and decided to send him to the Ateneo instead.
Thus, upon his return to Manila, Jose, again accompanied by Paciano, matriculated at the
Ateneo Municipal. At firsts, Father Magin Ferrando, who was the college registrar refuse to
admit him for two reasons: (1) he was late for registration and (2) he was sickly and undersized
for his age. Rizal was then eleven years old. However upon the intercession of Manuel Xerez
Burgos, nephew of Father Burgos, he was reluctantly admitted to Ateneo.
The system of education given by the Jesuits in the Ateneo was advanced from that of
other colleges in that period. It trained the character of the student by rigid discipline and
religious instruction. On his first day of class in the Ateneo, in June 1872, Rizal first heard Mass
at the College chapel and prayed fervently to God for guidance and success. Students were
divided into two groups, namely: the Roman Empire consisting of the internos (boarders) and
the Carthaginian Empire composed of the externos (non-boarders). The best student in each
empire was the emperor, the second best was the tribune; the third best, the decuion; the fourth
best, the centurion; and the fifth best, the standard-bearer.
10
Rizal’s 1st professor in the Ateneo was Fr. Jose Bech, whom he describes as “tall, thin
man, with a body slightly bent forward, a hurried walk, an ascetic face, severe and inspired,
small deep-sunken eyes, a sharp nose that was almost Greek, and thin lips forming an arc whose
ends fell toward the chin.
Being a newcomer and knowing little Spanish, Rizal was placed at the bottom of the
class. He was externo, hence he was assigned to the Carthaginians, occupying the end of the line.
After the first week, the frail Calamba boy progressed rapidly. At the end of the month, he
became “emperor”. He was the brightest in the whole class, and he was awarded a prize. “How
pleased I was”, he said, “When I won my first prize, a religious picture!”
To improve his Spanish, Rizal took private lessons in Santa Isabel College during the
noon recesses, when other Ateneo students were playing or gossiping, He paid three pesos for
those extra Spanish lessons, but it was money well spent.
In the second half of his year in the Ateneo, Rizal did not try hard enough to retain his
scholarship supremacy which he held during the first half of the term. This was because he
resented more remarks of his professor. He placed second at the end of the year, although all his
grades were still marked “excellent.” In March 1874, he went to Calamba to spend his summer
vacation.
Nothing unusual happened to Rizal during his second term in the Ateneo, except that he
repented having neglected his studies the previous year simply because he was offended by the
teacher’s remarks, and so, to regain his lost class leadership, he studied harder. Once more, he
became “emperor”.
Some of his classmates were new. Among them were the three boys form Biñan, who had
been his classmates in the school of Maestro Justiniano. At the end of the school year, Rizal
received excellent grades in all subjects and a gold medal. With such scholastic honors he
triumphantly returned to Calamba in March, 1874 for summer vacation.
Prophecy of Mother’s Release. Rizal lost no time in going to Santa Cruz in order to visit
his mother. He gladdened Doña Teodora’s lonely heart with his scholastic triumphs in Ateneo
and with funny tales about his professors and fellow students. The mother was very happy to see
her favorite child making such splendid progress in college.
In course of their conversation, Doña Teodora told her son of her dream the previous
night. Rizal, interpreting such dream, said to her, that she would be released from prison in three
months’ time. Doña Teodora smiled, thinking that her son’s prophecy was a mere boyish
attempt to console her.
But Rizal’s prophecy became true. Barely three months passed, and suddenly Doña
Teodora was set free. By that time, Rizal was already in Manila attending his classes in Ateneo.
Teenage Interest in Reading. The first novel of Rizal was The Count of Monte Cristo by
Alexander Dumas. This thrilling novel made a deep impression on him. His boyish imagination
was stirred by the sufferings of Edmond Dantes (the hero) in prison, his spectacular escape from
11
the dungeon of Chateau d’If, his finding of the buried treasure on the rocky island od Monte
Cristo, and his dramatic revenge on his enemies who wronged him.
Third Year in Ateneo (1874-76). In June, 1874, Rizal returned to Ateneo for his junior
years. Shortly after the opening of classes, his mother arrived and joyously told him that she was
released from prison, just as he predicted during his last visit to her prison cell in Santa Cruz,
Laguna. However, despite the family happiness, Rizal did not make an excellent showing in his
studies as in the previous year. His grades remained excellent in all subjects, but he won only
one medal – Latin. He failed to win the medal in Spanish because his spoken Spanish was not
fluently sonorous. He was beaten by a Spaniard who, naturally, could speak with fluency and
with right accentuation. At the end of the school year (March, 1875), Rizal returned to Calamba
for summer vacation, He, himself, was not impressed by his scholastic work.
Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-76). On June 14, 1875, he became an internee in the
Ateneo. One of his professors this tie was Fr. Francisco Sanchez, a great educator and scholar.
He inspired young Rizal to study harder and write poetry. He became an admirer and friend of
the slender Calamba lad, whose God-given genius. Inspired by Father Sanchez, Rizal resumed
his studies with vigor and zest. He topped all his classmates in all subjects and won five medals
at the end of the school term. He returned to Calamba for his summer vacation (March 1876) and
proudly offered his five medals and excellent ratings to his parents.
Last Year in Ateneo (1876-77). After the summer vacation, Rizal returned to Manila in
June, 1876 for his last year in Ateneo. He finished his last year in the Ateneo in a blaze of glory.
He obtained the highest grades in all subjects. Rizal graduated at the head of the class. On
Commencement Day, March 23, 1877, Rizal who was 16 years old, received from his Alma
Mater, Ateneo Municipal, the degree of Bachelor of Arts, with the highest honors. It was a proud
day for his family. His scholastic records at the Ateneo from 1872-1877 are as follows:
Arithmetic
Latin 1
Spanish 1
Greek 1
………………….
………………….
………………….
…………………
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
1873-1874
Latin 2 …………………
Excellent
Spanish 2
…………………
Excellent
Greek 2
…………………
Excellent
Universal Geography ……….
Excellent
1874-1875
Latin 3 ………………..
Excellent
Spanish 3
……………….
Excellent
Greek 3
………………..
Excellent
Universal History
………..
Excellent
History of Spain in the Phil’s. Excellent
Arithmetic & Algebra ………
Excellent
1875-1876
Rhetoric & Poetry
…………… Excellent
12
French
Geometry & Trigo
……………. Excellent
……………. Excellent
1876-1877
Philosophy 1
…………..
Mineralogy & Chemistry …….
Philosophy 2
……………
Physics
……………
Botany & Zoology …………….
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Extra-Curricular Activities at Ateneo. An “emperor” inside the classroom, he was a
campus leader outside. He was an active member, later secretary, of a religious society, the
Marian Congregation. He was accepted as member of this sodality not only because of his
academic brilliance but also because of his devotion to Our Lady. Only Ateneans who
distinguished themselves in class for their piety and good scholarship could be members of this 13
society. Rizal was also a member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and the Academy of
Natural Sciences. These “academies” were exclusive societies in the Ateneo, to which only
Ateneans who were gifted in literature and sciences could qualify for membership.
In his leisure hours, Rizal cultivated his literary talents under the guidance of Father
Sanchez. Another professor, Father Jose Vilaclara, advised him to stop communing with the
Muses and pay more attention to more practical studies, such as philosophy and natural sciences.
Rizal did not heed his advice. He continued to solicit Father Sanchez’ help in improving his
poetry.
Aside from writing poetry, he devoted his spare time in fine arts. He studied painting
under the famous Spanish painter, Agustin Saez, and sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus, noted
Filipino sculptor. Both art master honored him with their affection, for he was a talented student.
Furthermore, Rizal, to develop his weak body, engaged in gymnastics and fencing. He
thereby continued physical training under his sports-minded Uncle Manuel.
Sculptural Works in Ateneo
Image of Virgin Mary made of wood.
https://rizal.raphaelmarco.com/works/view/image-of-virgin-mary
Jose Rizal carved this Sacred Heart of Jesus when he was 14.
https://usa.inquirer.net/12894/jose-rizal-sacred-heart-jesus
Rizal impressed Jesuit professors in the Ateneo with his artistic skill. One day he carved
an image of Our Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling (Philippine hardwood) with his pocket –
knife. The Jesuit Fathers were amazed at the beauty and grace of the image.
Father Lleonart, impressed by Rizal’s sculptural talent, requested him to carve for him an
image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Young Rizal complied, and within few days he presented it
to Father Lleonart. The old Jesuit was highly pleased and profusely thanked the teenage sculptor.
He intended to take the image with him to Spain, but, being an absent-minded professor, 14
he forgot to do so. The Ateneo boarding students placed it on the door of their dormitory, and
there it remained for nearly 20 years, reminding all Ateneans for Dr. Rizal, the greatest alumnus of
their Alma Mater. This image played a significant part in Rizal’s last hours at Fort Santiago.
Anecdote on Rizal the Atenean. One of Rizal’s contemporaries in the Ateneo was Felix
M. Roxas. He related an incident of Rizal’s schooldays in the Ateneo which reveals the hero’s
resignation to pain and forgiveness. One day many Ateneans, including Rizal, were studying their
lessons at the study-hall. Two Ateneans, Manzano and Lasaca, quarrel and violently hurled books
at each other. Rizal, who was busy at his desk poring over his lessons, was hit in the face by one
of the thrown books. He did not raise a cry of protest, although his wounded face was bleeding.
His classmates brought him to the infirmary where he had to undergo medical treatment for
several days. After the incident, he continued to attend his classes, feeling neither bitterness nor
rancor toward the guilty party.
Another anecdote on Rizal was related by Manuel Xeres Burgos, in whose house Rizal
boarded shortly before he became an internee in the Ateneo. This anecdote illustrates Rizal’s
predilection to help the helpless at the risk of his own life. One Thursday afternoon, being
vacation day, the boys flew their kites from the azotea. Young Rizal then was busy reading a
Spanish book of fables at the window. After a while he heard Julio Melliza from Iloilo, one of the
smallest boarders, crying –because his kite was caught by the vines growing on the belfry of the
Manila Cathedral which was near the boarding-house. The bigger boys were laughing, making fun
of Julio’s misfortune. Rizal closed the book he was reading and told Julio not to cry, for he would
try to retrieve the kite. True to his promise he courageously climbed the high cathedral tower and
successfully recovered the kite.
Poems Written in Ateneo. It was Doña Teodora first discovered the poetical genius of her
son, and it was also she who first encouraged him to write poems. However, it was Father Sanchez
who inspired Rizal to make full use of his God-given genius in poetry and improved the latter’s
poetical arts by opening his mind to the enriching influences of world’s literature.
The first poem Rizal probably wrote during his days in the Ateneo was Mi Primera
Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) which was dedicated to his mother on her birthday. It is said
that he wrote it before he was 14 years old, that is, in the year 1874. Before this year he did not
write poetry because there was gloom in his heart owing to his mother’s imprisonment. Upon the
release of his mother in 1874, his poetic heart began to sing with ecstasy and joy.
First Romance of Rizal.
\
Shortly after his graduation from the Ateneo, Rizal, who was then sixteen years old,
experienced his romance. The girl was Segunda Katigbak, a pretty fourteen-year old Batagueña
from Lipa. In Rizal’s won words: “She was rather short, with eyes that were eloquent and ardent
at time and languid at other, rosy-checked, with an enchanting and provocative smile that
revealed very beautiful teeth, and the air of a sylph; her entire self-diffused a mysterious charm.”
Rizal came to know Segunda more intimately during his weekly visits to La Concordia College,
where his sister Olimpia was a boarding student. Olimpia was a close friend of Segunda. It was
apparent that Rizal and Segunda loved each other. Theirs was indeed “a love at first sight.” But it
was hopeless since the very beginning because Segunda was already engaged to be married to
her town mate, Manuel Luz. Rizal, for all his artistic and intellectual prowess, was a shy and
timid lover. Segunda had manifested, by insinuation and deeds, her affection for him, but him,
but he timidly failed to propose.
The last time they talked to each other was on Thursday in December, 1877, when
Christmas vacation was about to begin. He visited Segunda at Concordia College to say good-bye
because he was going home to Calamba the following day. She on her part told him she was also going
home one day later. She kept quiet after her brief reply, waiting for him to say something her heart was
clamoring to hear. But Rizal failed to come up to her expectation.
The next day Rizal arrived in his hometown. Her mother did not recognize him at first,
due to her failing eyesight. He was saddened to find out his mother’s growing blindness. His sister
gaily welcomed him, teasing him about Segunda, for they knew of his romance through Olimpia.
That night he demonstrated his skill in fencing to his family. He had a friendly fencing
match with the best fencer in Calamba and bested him.
The following day (Saturday) he learned that the steamer carrying Segunda and her
family would not anchor at Calamba because of the strong winds; it would stop in Biñan. He saddled
his white horse and waited at the road. A cavalcade of carromatas from Biñan passed by. In one of
them was Segunda smiling and waving her handkerchief at him. He doffed his hat and was tongue-tied
to say anything. Her carriage rolled on and vanished in the distance like a “swift shadow”. He returned
home, dazed and desolate, with his first romance “ruined by his own shyness and reserve”. The first
girl, whom he loved with ardent fervor, was lost to him forever. She returned to Lipa and married
Manuel Luz. He remained in Calamba, a frustrated lover, cherishing nostalgic memories of a lost love.
Three years later, Rizal, recording his first and tragic romance said: “Ended, at an early
hour, my first love! My virgin heart will always mourn the reckless step it took in the flower-decked
15
abyss. My illusions will return, yes, but in different, uncertain, ready for the first betrayal on the path
of love.”
1.2.4 University of Santo Tomas
After graduating with the highest honors from the Ateneo,
Rizal had to go to the University of Santo Tomas in order to
prepare himself for a career. The Bachelor of Arts degree during
the Spanish time was equivalent to a high school diploma today. It
merely qualified its holder to enter a university. Bothe Don
Francisco and Paciano wanted that Jose should pursue higher
learning. But Doña Teodora did not want him to study more.
Evidently, she had premonition that too much knowledge would
imperil hers son’s life.
16
In a family council in Rizal home in Calamba, she
vigorously objected to have her beloved Jose acquire higher
education. She was thinking of the safety of her son. She knew
the fate of the Filipino intellectuals- Father Burgos, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Jose Ma. Basa, and
other exiles of 1872 who were either executed or exiled by the Spanish authorities, and she blames
their sad fate to their learning. Evidently, Don Francisco and Paciano were able to overcome Doña
Teodora’s objection. It was finally that Jose would study in the University of Sto. Tomas.
Source:
https://www.google.com/search?q=rizal+in+s
anto+tomas&sxsrf=ALeK
Rizal Enters the University. In April 1877, Rizal, who was then nearly 16 years old, matriculated
in the University of Santo Tomas taking Philosophy and Letters. He enrolled in this course for two
reasons: (1) his father liked it and (2) he was “still uncertain as to what career to follow.” He had
written to Father Pablo Ramon, Rector of the Ateneo, who had been good to him during his student
days in that college, asking for advice on the choice of career. Unfortunately, the Father Pablo
Ramon, was in Mindanao and during those days it took several months for a letter to travel between
Manila and Mindanao. Consequently during his first year team (1877-78) in the University of Santo
Tomas, he studies Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy.
It was during the following school term (1878-79) that Rizal took up medicine, enrolling
simultaneously in the preparatory medical course and the regular first year medical course. The
reason why he studied medicine were: (1) he wanted to be a physician so that he might cure his
mother’s failing eyesight and (2) The Father Rector of the Ateneo, whom he consulted for a choice of
career, finally answered his letter, recommending medicine.
Finishes Surveying Course in Ateneo (1878). During his first school term in the University of
Santo Tomas (1877-78), Rizal also studied in the Ateneo. He took the vocational course leading to
the title of perito agrimensor (expert surveyor). In those days it should be remembered, the colleges
for boys in Manila offered vocational course in agriculture, commerce, mechanics, and surveying.
Rizal, as usual, excelled in all subjects in the surveying course in the Ateneo, with gold medals in
agriculture and topography. At the age of 17, he passed the final examination in the surveying course,
but he could not be granted the title surveyor because he was below age. The title was issued to him
on November 25, 1881.
Romances with Other Girls. Notwithstanding his academic studies in the University of Santo
Tomas and extra-curricular in the Ateneo, Rizal had ample time for love. He was romantic dreamer
who like to sip “nectar of love”. His sad experience with his first love had made him wiser in the
ways of romance.
Shortly after losing Segunda Katigbak, he paid court to a young woman in Calamba. In his
memories, he called her simply Miss L, describing her as “fair with seductive and attractive eyes”.
After visiting her house several times, he suddenly stopped his wooing, and the romance died
naturally. Nobody today knows who this woman ws. Rizal himself, did not give her name. Hence her
identity is lost to his history.
Several months later, during his sophomore year at University of Santo Tomas, he boarded in the
house of Doña Concha Leyva in Intramuros. The next door neighbors were Capitan Juan and
Capitana Sanday Valenzuela, parents of a charming girl names Leonor. Rizal, was welcomed visitor
in the Valenzuela home, where he was the life of the social parties because of his clever sleight-ofhand tricks. He courted Leonor Valenzuela, who was a tall girl and had a regal bearing. He sent her
love note written in invisible ink. The ink consisted of common table salt and water. It left no trace
on the paper. Rizal, who knew his chemistry, taught Orang (pet name of Leonor) the secret of
reading any note written in the invisible ink by heating it over a candle or lamp so that the lettering
may appear. But as with Segunda, he stopped short of proposing marriage to Orang.
Rizal’s next romance, which modern writer have glamorized, was with another Leonor – Leonor
River – hos cousin from Camiling. IN 1879, at the start of his junior year at the University, he lived
in “Casa Tomasina”, a boarding house managed by his Uncle, Antonio Riversm at No, 6 Calle Santo
Tomas, Intramuros. His landlord-uncle had a pretty daughter, Leonor, a student at La Concordia
College, where Soledad (Rizal youngest sister) was then studying. Between Jose and Leonor sprang
a tenderly beautiful romance. They became engaged. In her letters to Rizal, Leonor signed her name
as “Taimis”, in order to camouflage their intimate relationship from their parents and friends.
17
Leonora Valenzuela, Jose Rizal 2nd love at UST and Leonora Rivera, Jose Rizal’s love for 11 years
Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=image+of+Miss+Leonor+Valenzuela&tbm
A Poet is born to the People. In 1879, the Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila held two
contests- one for the peninsulares and another for the natives. Rizal decided to submit a poem 18
entitled “A La Juventad Filipina”. It won first prize, consisting of a silver pen. The poem cannot
claim excellence, but it’s significant in that it was the first public expression of patriotism of
Rizal. It urges the Filipino youth to hold its head high for “it is the fair hope of my motherland”.
On its third year 1880-1881, the Liceo, in commemoration of the death anniversary of
Cervantes, held a contest, this time without discrimination. Rizal entered the contest and
submitted a piece entitled “El Consejo de los Dioses”. He was 18 years old. In spite of the fact
that the board of judges was composed of peninsulares, and that there were 14 contestants,
among them friars, journalists, writers, and professors, Rizal got the first prize, consisting of a
gold ring, and the buts of Cevantes carved in cameo on top. The judges justified their decision
with the following declaration: “The idea and message are of great originality besides the fact
that it excels in its entirely in style, an admirable wealth of details, delicacy of thought, and
figure of speech.” (Bantug and Ventura, 1997)
El Consejo de los Dioses is a play in poetic prose which narrates the meeting of the gods
at Mount Olympus, presided over r by Jupiter to choose the most important work of universal
literature. The dialogue is very interesting and give evidence to the literary and mythological
culture of Rizal. After a heated debate, Jupiter, advised by Justice, decides that Homer, Virgil,
and Cervantes are of equal excellence. Rizal exalted Cervantes and Hispanism.
During Christmas vacation of 1881, Rizal received a letter in Calamba from Leonor
Rivera, with the signature she usually used (Taimis). She complained of Rizal’s failure to write.
His subsequent conduct indicates, however, that Rizal’s love for her had not diminished at all.
Jose Rizal was unhappy of his medical studies at the UST. He was unhappy at this
Dominican institution because the Dominican professors were hostile to him. Filipino students
were racially discriminated and their method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.
Because of this, Rizal failed to win high scholastics honors. In the first year of the Philosophy
course, Rizal got an excellent rating, but not impressive in the four years of his medical course.
After finishing the fourth year of his medical course, Rizal decided to study in Spain.
Now that you are done reading, you may now answer the
\
following questions I have prepared for you. Answer the questions
according to your understanding based on what you have read.
(You can use another sheet of paper)
Assessment:
I.
Multiple Choice.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle the correct answer.
1. In a small town in the province of Laguna, Jose Protcaio Rizal Mercado y Alonso was
born on.
b. June 9, 1861
c. June 29, 1861
c. June 9, 1861
d. June 16, 1861
2. Three days after his birth, Rizal was baptized in the Catholic Church by ___.
a. Pedro Casañas
c. Fr. Rufino Collantes
b. Domingo Lamco
d. Jose Alberto
3. Rizal’s great-great grandfather was ___.
a. Francisco Mercado
c. Clemente Mercado
b. Domingo Lamco
d. Jose Alberto
4. The family of Teodora Alonso was better off than the family of her husband
a. Materially
c. Professionally
b. Socially
d. All of the above
5. He was the first to use the family name “Rizal” in 1872, when he went to Manila to enrol
at the Ateneo Municipal, directed by the Jesuits.
a. Jose
c. Francisco
b. Paciano
d. Teodora
6. The oldest of the Rizal children.
a. Saturnina
c. Paciano
b. Narcisa
d. Olimpia
7. She died unmarried at the age of 83.
a. Trinidad
c. Josefa
b. Soledad
d. Maria
8. The infamous woman accused his husband of poisoning and names Teodora as _____.
a. Fanatic
c. Suspect
b. Puppet
d. Accomplice
9. A cousin of Doña Teodora, one of the wealthiest in Biñan, returned from a trip to Europe
and found his wife gone and his children abandoned.
a. Justiniano
c. Jose Alberto
b. Lucas
d. Tio Antonio
10. What was the age of Rizal when his parents sent him to Biñan to undergo formal
schooling?
a. Eight years old
c. Seven years old
b. Nine years old
d. Four years old
20
11. Who was Rizal’s first professor?
a. Fr. Jose Burgos
c. Fr. Jacinto Zamora?
b. Fr. Jose Beach
d. Fr. Mariano Gomez
12. Who was the lady in Rizal’s second romance?
a. Leonor Rivera
c. Segunda Katigbak
b. Miss L
d. Leonor Rivera
13. Leonor Rivera’s screen name used to camouflage her intimate relationship with Rizal
from her parents.
a. Taimis
c. Orang
b. Miss L
d. Olimpia
14. It is considered as the first great poem in Spanish written by a Filipino.
a. A La Juventad Filipina
c. The Count of Monte Cristo
b. El Consejo de los Dioses d. To my Countrymen
15. Who was Rizal’s first professor in Ateneo?
a. Manuel Xerex Burgos
c. Father Jose Bech
b. Maestro Justiniano Cruz d. Father Rufino Collantes
16. What was the first poem Rizal wrote in Ateneo and was dedicated to her mother‘s
birthday?
a. Mi Primera Inspiracion
c. El Embarque
b. Felicitation
d Y Es Español
17. Who was the Atenean who gives an illustration to Rizal’s predilection to help the helpless
at the risk of his own life?
a. Manuel Xeres Burgos
c. Julio Melliza
b. Father Lleonart
d. Felix M. Roxas
18. At what age did Rizal passed the final examination in the surveying course (perito
agrimensor)?
a. 14
c. 17
b. 12
d. 18
19. It is a boarding house managed by Antonio Rivera at Santo Tomas, Intramuros.
a. Casa Tomasina
c. Casa Y Capitana
b. Casa Liceo
d. Casa Concha Lleva
20. What was the secret of reading the love notes written in the invisible ink sent to Leonor
Valenzuela?
a. Heating over a candle or lamp
c. Heating the invisible ink
b. Heating over the sun
d. All of the above
B. Essay. Answer the questions comprehensively.
1. Did the sisters of Rizal contribute to his moral and spiritual life? How?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
2. Was there any manifestation of unusual intelligence on the part of Rizal at a very young
age? Cite examples.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
3. What was the unusual event in the family when Rizal was preparing to study in Manila?
Describe the incident.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
4. What conditions and events influenced Rizal’s life?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
5. How would you describe Jose Rizal’s childhood in Calamba?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
6. Did Rizal have a happy childhood? Explain it.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
7. How do you differentiate an externo from an emperor? Did Jose Rizal pass these stages
in his studies? Explain
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
8. Was Rizal already a perfect student when it comes to his studies? Why?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
9. Which day should Rizal Day be celebrated? His birthday June 19, or his death
anniversary December 30? Justify your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
10. What was the system of education given by the Jesuits?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ 21
22
________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
Performance Rubric
Your essay will be graded based on this rubric. Consequently, use this rubric as a
guide when working on your essay and check it again before you submit it.
VGE GE
SE
LE
N
Criteria
(5)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(1)
1. The introduction is inviting and it gets the
reader’s attention. Opinion statement is clear.
2. There is one clear, well-focused topic. Main
ideas are clear and are well supported by
detailed and accurate information.
3. The purpose of writing is very clear, and there is
strong evidence of attention to audience.
4. The author uses vivid words and phrases. The
choice and placement of words seems accurate,
natural, and not forced.
5. All sentences are well constructed and have
varied structure and length. The author makes no
errors in grammar, mechanics, and/or spelling.
Legend:
VGE – To a very great extent; GE – To a great extent; SE – To some extent;
LE – To a little extent; N – Not at all
Rubrics for Drawing
Your drawing will be graded based on this rubric. Consequently, use this rubric as
a guide when working on your drawing and check it again before you submit it.
VGE GE
SE
LE
N
Criteria
(5)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(1)
1. Craftsmanship/Use of Materials. The
control, adaptations, and understanding of
the
chosen
medium.
Technique
understanding.
2. Creativity. Resourcefulness, expression of
ideas and imagination portrayed in the
construction of project. Challenge level of
the project.
3. Behavior/Effort. Work ethics, the time
dedicated to the output.
4. Level of understanding about instructions
and concepts used.
Legend:
VGE – To a very great extent; GE – To a great extent; SE – To some extent;
LE – To a little extent; N – Not at all
1.3
REFERENCES




The Life and Works of Rizal, accessed 01 April 2021, 11:30 PM
<http://thelifeandworksofrizal.blogspot.com/2011/08/why-study-rizal.html>
Republic Act No. 1425/Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines, accessed
on
01
April
2021,
12:04
AM
<https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1956/06/12/republic-act-no-1425/>
Purino, Anacoreta P., Rizal the Greatest Filipino Hero, Revised Edition: Rex
Bookstore, Inc., 2014
Zaide, Gregorio F., Jose Rizal Life, Works and Writings: National Book Store. 2012
23

1.4
Zaide, Gregorio F., Zaide, Sonia F., Jose Rizal- Buhay, Mga Ginawa at mga Sinulat
ng Isang Henyo, Manunulat, Siyentipiko, At Pambansang Bayani. All Nations
Publishing Co. Inc. 2013.
Acknowledgement
This notice is to inform all readers that this learning module does not claim as the
originator of these content. The images, tables, figures and information contained in this
module were taken from the references cited above. The sole goal of the distribution of
this module is to increase students' learning opportunities and flexibility.