Master of Management Degree Entrepreneurship and New Venture Creation 2022 Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice BUSA 7024 Prof Boris Urban 2 Welcome to the MMENVC The MMENVC is a Masters level degree specialising in entrepreneurship which has been uniquely designed to allow for a wider concept of higher-level entrepreneurial knowledge and research to evolve. Entrepreneurship is pivotal to the development of an inclusive society and holds much promise for creating employment and a more equitable marketplace. Entrepreneurship as a discipline is broad in scope and recently there has been a shift in entrepreneurial education away from only focusing on start-ups to highlight instead the range of associated careers and professions related with entrepreneurship outcomes – both economic and social. Research developments in this field present an opportunity for balancing theory with practice-based theorising and adopting an epistemological approach that relies on various ‘world views’ across the spectrum towards entrepreneurial education. Introducing Course Facilitator Prof Boris Urban has more than 30 years of academic and professional experience in business, where he has practiced, taught and researched, organisational behaviour, strategy and entrepreneurship. Prof is currently a professor at the WBS, University of Witwatersrand and held the inaugural Chair in Entrepreneurship. He is NRF rated and serves on many international editorial boards. Based on more than 100 articles in academic journals his work is noticeably recognised in the field (h-index: 33; i-index: 85). Apart from academia he has wide-ranging business experience and has created new ventures, operated both as a franchisor and as franchisee, and worked for MNCs, with broad exposure to strategic issues. Consultation times: Mon-Fri between 08.00 – 11.00 am on MS teams Interaction Opportunities: Preferred modes of interaction are the Ulwazi Course Site, MS Teams, emails, and telephone calls. Group discussions will be held to address specific topics as provided by facilitator. Each group will have its own virtual syndicate room. 3 Course Outline, Outcomes, Activities and Assessments Course Introduction/Outline The course is designed to provide a thorough introduction to the theoretical and practical issues associated with entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurial process is navigated conceptually to provide an integrated approach to entrepreneurship and new venture creation. With the evolution of the field, a number of specialty areas have emerged and in order to develop further understanding in the field, the topics covered in this course are based on a body of knowledge currently defining the domain of entrepreneurship studies. The focus of the content is on knowledge and skills that research have identified as critically important which translate into learning objectives. The concentration of topics is built around themes allowing for a broad appreciation of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in a wide range of contexts. As a mind-set, entrepreneurship has assumed a unique position globally because of its empowering and transformational potential. The course emphasizes theory-anchored empirical research by way of systematic examination – so as to allow students and practitioners to see more deeply into the problems they face. Integration with other Courses As an introductory course to entrepreneurship this module provides a comprehensive understanding of various issues related to entrepreneurship and highlights the interactions between different elements of the entrepreneurial eco-system at the individual, firm and societal levels. Links to other modules include Corporate Entrepreneurship, Social Entrepreneurship, Technology and High-growth Entrepreneurship, Enterprise Development and Global Entrepreneurship. 4 Prescribed Readings* Textbooks: 1. Venter, R. & Urban, B. (2015). Entrepreneurship theory in practice (Third ed.). South Africa: Oxford Southern Africa. 2. Urban, B. (ed.) (2010). Frontiers in Entrepreneurship. Book 1: Perspectives in Entrepreneurship: A Research Companion. Heidelberg: Springer Books. 3. Urban, B. (ed.) (2011). The Entrepreneurial Mind-Set. Book 2: Perspectives in Entrepreneurship: A Research Companion. South Africa: Pearson. 4. Urban, B. (ed.) (2012). Technopreneurship. Book 3: Perspectives in Entrepreneurship: A Research Companion. South Africa: Pearson. 5. Urban, B. (ed.) (2015). Entrepreneurship and society. Book 4: Perspectives in Entrepreneurship: A Research Companion. South Africa: Pearson. Articles: 1. Bruton, G., Sutter, C., & Lenz, A. K. (2021). Economic inequality – Is entrepreneurship the cause or the solution? A review and research agenda for emerging economies, Journal of Business Venturing, 36(3), 106095, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2021.106095. 2. Chalmers, D., MacKenzie, N. G., & Carter, S. (2021). Artificial intelligence and entrepreneurship: implications for venture creation in the fourth industrial revolution. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(5), 1028-1053. https://doi:10.1177/1042258720934581 3. Foo, M. D., Vissa, B., & Wu, B. (2020). Entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 14, 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1363 4. George, N. M., Parida, V., Lahti, T., & Wincent, J. (2016). A systematic literature review of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition: insights on influencing factors. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(2), 309–350. https://doi:10.1007/s11365-014-0347-y 5. Kloepfer, K., & Castrogiovanni, C.J. (2018). Entrepreneurship: venture creation sub processes, subdomains, and interfaces. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(4), 681–696.: https://doi:10.1007/s11365-0180508-5 5 6. Marvel, R., Davis, J.L., & Sproul, C. R. (2016). Human capital and entrepreneurship research: A critical review and future directions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 40(3), 599-626. https://doi:10.1111/etap.12136 7. Shepherd, D. A., & Gruber, M. (2021). The lean startup framework: Closing the academic–practitioner divide. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 45(5), 967-998. https://doi:10.1177/1042258719899415 8. Urban, B., & Chantson, J. (2019). Academic entrepreneurship in South Africa: Testing for entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Technology Transfer, 44(3), 948-980. https://doi:10.1007/s10961-017-9639-z 9. Zoogah, D. B., Peng, M. W., & Woldu, H. (2015). Institutions, resources and organizational effectiveness in Africa. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 29(1), 7-31. https://doi:10.5465/amp.2012.0033 Reports: 1. GEM Global Report (2021). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2020/2021 Global Report. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association. London: London Business School. Retrieved from www.gemconsortium.org 2. Centre for Development and Enterprise. (2021).What role can small and micro businesses play in achieving inclusive growth? June, 2021, Parktown, Johannesburg. Retrieved from: www.cde.org.za 3. SEDA: Small Enterprise Development Agency (2021). SMME Quarterly Update 1st Quarter 2021. Retrieved from: www.seda.org.za Case Studies: 1. Urban, B., & Mitchell, C. (2019). Silvertree: A Start-up for Entrepreneurs by Entrepreneurs? WBS-2019-7. South Africa: Wits Business School. 2. Urban, B., & Townsend, S. (2020). TymeBank: Digital Disruption in South Africa’s Banking Sector. WBS-2020-2. South Africa: Wits Business School. *Note: All reading material must be downloaded via our digital library accessed through your Wits Library Account. The reading material must be comprehensively prepared for class discussion prior to each session. All prescribed reading is examinable. 6 Recommended Readings 1. Baumol, W. J. (1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive and destructive. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893–921. 2. Davidsson, P. (2004). Researching entrepreneurship. International studies in entrepreneurship. New York: Springer. 3. Gaglio, C. M., & Katz, J. (2001). The psychological basis of opportunity identification: entrepreneurial alertness. Journal of Small Business Economics, 16(1), 95–111. 4. Unger, J.M., Rauch, A., Frese, M., & Rosenbusch, N. (2011). Human capital and entrepreneurial success: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), 341-358. 5. Urban, B. (2021). Public sector entrepreneurial orientation in South Africa: A focus on organisational boundaries, strategy and resources. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 25(1), 1-19 6. Urban, B. (2019). Social networking and opportunity recognition: A focus on internationalized firms in South African. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 28(2), 295–315. 7. Urban, B. (2016). Empirical evidence on the influence of the institutional environment on venture innovation performance in South Africa. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 21(2), 1-14. 8. Urban, B., & Maphathe, T. L. (2021). Social media marketing and customer engagement: A focus on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa. Journal of Contemporary Management, 18(1), 48-69 9. Urban, B., & Maswabi, L. (2021). Determining the mediating effects of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the relationship between organizational antecedents and entrepreneurial orientation. Managing Global Transitions: International Research Journal, 19(2),145–166 10. Zelekha, Y., & Dana, L. P. (2019). Social capital versus cultural capital determinants of entrepreneurship: An empirical study of the African continent. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 28(2), 250–269. Learning Activities Course Learning Outcomes At the end of this course students will be able to: CO 1 – Appreciate how to frame and conceptualize entrepreneurship by referring to the different domains and typologies of entrepreneurial activity CO 2 – Understand the process of entrepreneurship and diagnose different frameworks to explain each process phase CO 3 – Identify the importance of the individual in entrepreneurship and evaluate the role of cognitions in terms of the entrepreneurial mind-set CO 4 – Discuss how networks serve as social capital to entrepreneurs and evaluate the relevance of culture to entrepreneurship CO 5 – Analyse macro-environmental determinants of entrepreneurship by identifying different sets of measures used to reflect core entrepreneurial ecosystem indicators CO 6 – Critically appraise the ‘business canvas’ as a tool in planning and discuss digital business diagnostic tools in this regard CO 7 – Evaluate the difficulties entry-level entrepreneurs in South Africa experience in terms of access to finance and discuss sources of funding including crowdsourcing and venture capital Course Schedule Session: Session Title & Course Outcomes Date: Time: Overview of the entrepreneurial journey and process dynamics: Mode of Delivery: Time on MS Teams Preparation readings Chapter 1 in Entrepreneurship theory in Live introductory practice and slides session@14.0015.30 Chapter 1, 2 in Frontiers in Entrepreneurship. Book 1: Perspectives in Entrepreneurship CO 1 – Appreciate how to conceptualize Session: entrepreneurship by Self-study 1 referring to the session@16.00different domains 18.00 Date: and typologies of 02 Feb entrepreneurship 2022 Time: CO 2 – Understand 14h00 to the process of Live lecture 20h00 entrepreneurship forum@18.15and diagnose 20.00 different frameworks to explain each process phase Article by Kloepfer and Castrogiovanni (2018) Activities and learning outcomes Facilitator will provide high level overview of the key principles in this module Study PPWT slides/web links/articles and read prescribed reading material Based on your chapter and article readings address the following intended learning outcomes: Article by Foo, Vissa and Wu (2020). 1. Compare different definitions of entrepreneurship 2. Discuss the broad theoretical approaches used to understand entrepreneurship 3. Discuss why using quantitative static definitions to Visit these websites to gain an overview explain entrepreneurship is problematic of the field: 4. Compare and contrast entrepreneurship with (a) www.icsb.org small business management and (b) traditional www.isbe.org management www.gemconsortium.org 5. Identify some different sub processes, subdomains, and interfaces of entrepreneurship OECD SME and Entrepreneurship 6. Differentiate between the various typologies of Outlook 2021 entrepreneurs https://www.oecd.org/publications/oecd7. Briefly outline and describe in detail any one of the sme-and-entrepreneurship-outlook-2021different entrepreneurial process models 97a5bbfe-en.htm Report by SEDA: Small Enterprise Development Agency (2021). 9 Session: Session Title & Course Outcomes Date: Time: The individual in entrepreneurship and the entrepreneur in a social context: CO 3 – Identify the importance of the individual in Session: entrepreneurship 2 and evaluate the role of cognitions in Date: terms of the 03 Feb entrepreneurial 2022 mind-set Mode of Delivery: Time on MS Teams Preparation readings Chapter 2 and 3 in Entrepreneurship theory in practice and slides Live lecture and Class Discussion Chapter 1, 2, 3 and 4 in The forum@14.00Entrepreneurial Mind-Set. Book 2: 15.00 Perspectives in Entrepreneurship Article by Marvel, Davis and Sproul Group work (2016) session@15.3016.45 Article by Urban and Chantson (2018) Activities and learning outcomes Study web links/articles and read prescribed reading material Lecturer will lead students in reflecting what their key stakeouts from the readings Based on your chapter and article readings address the following intended learning outcomes: 1. Explain the role of the individual in entrepreneurship theories Report by Centre for Development and Live lecture 2. Define intentions and draw two intention models to Enterprise (2021) forum@17.00explain the antecedents of intentions 18.00 3. Explain the role of education and work experience Visit below and similar websites for a in building entrepreneurial human capital? Time: snapshot of different entrepreneurs in 4. Discuss the following entrepreneurial behaviours: 14h00 to different contexts. CO 4 – Discuss Self-study Achievement need, locus of control, ESE, and 20h00 www.businesspartners.co.za how networks serve session@18.30need for autonomy www.entrepreneurmag.co.za as social capital to 20.00 5. Analyse how entrepreneurs perceive risk? Refer to entrepreneurs and cognitive biases and framing The Power of an Entrepreneurial Mindset evaluate the 6. Discuss how networking relates to social capital | Bill Roche | TEDxLangleyED relevance of culture 7. Explain diversity and intensity of networking ties to entrepreneurship 8. Evaluate the relevance of culture to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ihs4V entrepreneurship FZWwn4 9. Discuss entrepreneurial heritage as it relates to institutional legacy 10 Session: Session Title & Course Outcomes Date: Time: Entrepreneurial ecosystem and entrepreneurial opportunities: Mode of Delivery: Time on MS Teams Preparation readings Activities and learning outcomes Chapter 4 and 5 in Entrepreneurship theory in practice and slides Study PPWT slides/web links/articles and read prescribed reading material Live lecture and Chapter 1 and 2 in Entrepreneurship and Class Discussion society. Book 4: Perspectives in forum@14.00Entrepreneurship 15.00 CO 5 – Analyse Chapter 3 and 4 in Technopreneurship. macroBook 3: Perspectives in Entrepreneurship environmental Self-study Session: determinants of session@15.30- Article by Zoogah et al. (2015) 3 entrepreneurship by 16.45 identifying different Article by Bruton, Sutter and Lenz (2021) Date: set of measures 04 Feb reflecting core Article by George et al. (2016) 2022 entrepreneurial Live lecture ecosystem forum@17.00Visit these websites: Time: indicators 18.00 14h00 to https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s 20h00 11365-016-0386-7 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023% Group work 2FA%3A1011132102464?LI session@18.30- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.154020.00 6520.2010.00395.x The role of building entrepreneurial ecosystems in Africa https://www.imd.org/researchknowledge/videos/the-role-of-buildingentrepreneurial-ecosystems-in-Africa-tocanalize-impact-investment/ Lecturer will lead students in reflecting what their key stakeouts from the readings Based on your chapter and article readings address the following intended learning outcomes: 1. Discuss why environmental perceptions are important to the entrepreneur 2. Analyse the aspects of an entrepreneurial ecosystem 3. Analyse the Doing Business indicator set measure 4. Outline The GEM Conceptual Framework 5. Explain the GEM measure for Entrepreneurial Activity 6. Interpret different motivation to start a business, in the GEM report 7. Analyse the National Entrepreneurship Context Index in the GEM report 8. Determine if entrepreneurship is the cause or the solution to inequality 9. Discuss the process of opportunity identification and some of the influencing factors 10. Discuss the three distinct stages of the opportunity process 11. Explain the signal detection and regulatory focus theories 11 Session: Session Title & Course Outcomes Date: Time: Business planning and financing of new ventures: Mode of Delivery: Time on MS Teams Preparation readings Chapter 6, 7 and 9 in Entrepreneurship theory in practice and slides Live lecture and Class Discussion Article by Shepherd and Gruber (2021) forum@08.0009.00 Article by Chalmers, MacKenzie and Carter (2021) Activities and learning outcomes Study PPWT slides/web links/articles and read prescribed reading material Lecturer will lead students in reflecting what their key stakeouts from the readings CO 6 – Appraise the ‘business Based on your chapter and article readings address canvas’ as a tool in the following intended learning outcomes: planning and Read and prepare WBS case: Silvertree discuss digital Self-study 1. Identify a business scenario that requires a Session: business diagnostic session@09.30different type of plan and suggest what should be Read and prepare WBS case: TymeBank 4 tools 11.30 covered 2. Critique the business plan, its purpose and Visit these websites: Date: structural format The lean start-up: 05 Feb CO 7 – Analyse Live lecture 3. Identify the various venture forms under South https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEvKo 2022 difficulties entryforum@12.00African law 90qBns level entrepreneurs 13.00 4. Critically appraise the viability of the business Time: in South Africa canvas For digital business, see: 08h00 to experience in terms 5. Identify some of the difficulties entry-level https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/516bdf9c-en 16h00 of access to finance entrepreneurs in South Africa might encounter in and discuss raising venture capital See: www.cipc.co.za and www.fasa.co.za sources of funding Group work 6. Discuss sources of funding including and www.savca.co.za including session@13.30crowdsourcing and venture capital https://ventureburn.com/2019/02/compre crowdsourcing and 16.00 7. Discuss the role of artificial intelligence to hensive-guide-sa-startup-landscape venture capital entrepreneurship: What are the implications for venture creation in the fourth industrial revolution Funding challenges for young entrepreneurs with Vusi Thembekwayo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZY0iI Consolidating learning across materials 4Jbfxg Facilitator to take Q & A and explain formative assessment and evaluation criteria Assessment Schedule and Weightings Weighting (%) Date 1. Individual Assessment 25 02 March 2022 2. Syndicate Assessment 25 02 March 2022 3. Final Summative Assessment 50 12 March 2022 Rules on Assessment Please note that all marks published for assessments and courses during the year are provisional, unconfirmed, and subject to change. Students are advised to contact their lecturer and programme manager as soon as possible in the event of missing marks or where they believe an error might have been made in the loading of a mark. In the event of no submission being received, a mark of 0 (FABS) will be allocated. Any student who has submitted an assessment but is marked as FABS needs to contact the programme manager urgently with their unedited, backup version of the assessment task. The WBS Postgraduate Committee approves overall course marks (comprising the weighted calculation of all assessment tasks and final summative tasks) after the marks have been moderated by an external examiner. Marks are only considered final and confirmed after they have served at the Faculty Board of Examiners (BOE) in December or July each year. Following BOE, marks are published on SIMS and made available via the student self-service portal. Changes to marks cannot be done after they have served at BOE. No re-marks for assessments are considered (in line with the Wits Senate Standing Orders on the Assessment of Student Learning) as a robust moderation and external examination process is in place. Students may request an assessment review (using the formal application process) in order to get feedback on their submitted work from their lecturer. -2- 1. Individual Assignment = 100 marks Purpose: To be familiar with the relevant entrepreneurship literature, and have developed competence in a wide range of entrepreneurial perspectives. Submission instructions: Read and interpret all of the prescribed reading articles (1-9) and provide a synopsis on each article using your own words. For each article interpret the (a) purpose of the article, (b) main theories referred to, (c) methods used, and (d) findings of the article. Furthermore interpret each article’s findings by referring to and integrating with relevant material covered in this module. Requirements: Assignment length must be in the region of 12 content pages (excludes title page/bibliography/appendixes, etc.). Literary style must be adhered to in terms of formatting, grammar and spelling – appropriate level of formality, academic style and consistency. Referencing formatted as per the American Psychological Association (APA) 6th referencing style. A guide is given in section 5.1 Academic Style and Referencing (APA 6th style) of the MMENVC research guide document. A detailed document on APA 6th style is available through the library. All sources used in written submissions in the course of your degree must be referenced. This is done to acknowledge the work of others, to avoid plagiarism, to pinpoint quotations and to enable readers to follow-up on referenced sources. All in-text references must be aligned with bibliography. Ensure your reports are logically structured (e.g. approaches/outcomes). Ensure you display a coherent writing style and write in smooth successive transitions without “jumping” from one concept to another. Use size 12 times numeral font style with 1.5 spacing and normal margins. Penalty for late submission: No late submissions accepted. Complete and submit the assignment by 23:59 on the stipulated date. -3- 2. Syndicate Assignment = 100 marks Purpose: Through a group effort, to have systematically analysed selected reports on entrepreneurship so as to enable the learners as a group to demonstrate specialist knowledge and to support engagement with and critique of current research or practices in entrepreneurship. Submission instructions: As per your designated syndicate groups, critically analyse the GEM Global Report (2021). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2020/2021 Global Report. Interpret and analyse this report by reporting on the following: Interpret the GEM methodology Evaluate the GEM Conceptual Framework Identify the Entrepreneurial phases and GEM entrepreneurship indicators Discuss findings on attitudes, expectations and intentions as important antecedents to the aspiring entrepreneur Interpret the findings on Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) and Established Business Ownership Comment on findings related to education and entrepreneurial activity Analyse the motivations for starting or running a new business, and how those motivations vary between economies and between genders Discuss the Entrepreneurship Framework Conditions (EFCs) Analyse the National Entrepreneurship Context Index (NECI) of the 44 economies, surveyed in 2020 Requirements: Assignment length must be in the region of 25 content pages (excludes title page/bibliography/appendixes, etc.). Literary style must be adhered to in terms of formatting, grammar and spelling – appropriate level of formality, academic style and consistency. Referencing formatted as per the American Psychological Association (APA) 6th referencing style. A guide is given in section 5.1 Academic Style and Referencing (APA 6th style) of the MMENVC research guide document. A detailed document on APA 6th style is available through the library. -4- All sources used in written submissions in the course of your degree must be referenced. This is done to acknowledge the work of others, to avoid plagiarism, to pinpoint quotations and to enable readers to follow-up on referenced sources. All in-text references must be aligned with bibliography. Ensure your reports are logically structured (e.g. approaches/outcomes). Ensure you display a coherent writing style and write in smooth successive transitions without “jumping” from one concept to another. Use size 12 times numeral font style with 1.5 spacing and normal margins. Penalty for late submission: No late submissions accepted. Complete and submit the assignment by 23:59 on the stipulated date. 3. Final Summative Assessment = 100 marks Purpose: To develop a critical appreciation of current practices on entrepreneurship in different contexts through the application of theory and principles and case study material. Format: Exam in the form of a take-home exam-equivalent that students must download, answer the questions to, and upload to the Ulwazi Course Site. Requirements: Answers to the questions must be typed using a 12 pt font, 1.5 line spacing, with normal margins, and may not exceed ten (10) pages (±3 000 words) in total (excluding reference list). You are required to submit you assessment online. In so doing, you are to run your submission through Turnitin. The similarity index must be at an acceptable level (i.e., no greater than 13%). This assignment should not be treated as a collaborative effort – any evidence of collusion/plagiarism will be dealt with accordingly. -5- Submission instructions: Structure of exam: Section A: Compulsory short questions (theoretical) (50 marks). Section B: Choice of case applied knowledge (50 marks). This part of the assessment will take the form of a case study. In answering the questions attached to the case study, you are required to demonstrate a clear understanding of the principles and concepts explored in the relevant sessions. You are expected to answer cogently while at the same time showing critical insight in presenting your own point of view. Duration: Duration: You will have one week to write the examination, which will be due on the day of the examination by 23:59. Penalty for late submission: As this is an examination or in lieu of an examination, the penalty for late submission is 100%, i.e. a student will be marked zero. Marking rubric: Across assessments marks will be allocated in terms of the following two tables and stipulated criteria: Criteria: Based on NQF Level 9 (Masters) descriptors % Structure and formatting 10% Content and interpretation 60% Research evidence and rigor 10% Creativity in work 10% Referencing Use of references in-text and full reference list. Use the 10% prescribed referencing technique (research process handbook and tutorial) TOTAL 100% -6- Criteria: Based on NQF Level 9 (Masters) descriptors Structure and formatting Content and interpretation: Understanding of theoretical elements/models/ frameworks Research evidence and rigor: Critical thinking. Linking theory and practice Very Good Satisfactory to Good 75% & ABOVE 65-74% Fail 49% & BELOW 50-64% Provides evidence of expert structuring in terms of a critical review of sources highlighting their quality, inconsistencies and gaps. Demonstrates depth of knowledge and comprehension of existing elements, & identifies all the key issues and creates own / new conceptual framework useful and appropriate to the topic. Is able to demonstrate specialist knowledge to enable engagement with and critique of current research or practices, as well as advanced scholarship or research in a particular field, discipline or practice. Is able to demonstrate the ability to evaluate current processes of knowledge production, and to choose an appropriate process of enquiry for the area of study or practice. The applicant can demonstrate the ability to use a wide range of specialised skills in identifying, conceptualising, designing and implementing methods of enquiry to address complex and challenging problems within a field, discipline or practice; and an understanding of the consequences of any solutions or insights generated within a specialised context. Creativity in work Sufficient to Satisfactory Is able to demonstrate a command of and the ability to design, select and apply appropriate and creative methods, techniques, processes or technologies to complex practical and theoretical problems. Well-crafted discourse that clearly leads to the findings, implications and recommendations. Anomalies, gaps and paradoxes engaged systematically. Provides evidence of having accessed a wide range of relevant sources and clearly sets the basis of selection of sources used. Makes adequate use of a range of sources, demonstrating familiarity with key texts and articles. Inadequate or no evidence of having identified and understood key sources in literature and journals. Demonstrates sound knowledge and comprehension. Identifies most key elements and places them within a proven conceptual framework, relevant to the topic. Demonstrates limited knowledge & understanding of key elements. Only uses obvious models and frameworks (e.g. from class) or misuses models and frameworks. Inadequate demonstration of knowledge and lacking in coherent discussion. Has collected data and analysed. Uses ‘evidence’ and shows an understanding of links between evidence/ theories/methodologies and practice. Shows some understanding of links between theories/methodologies and practice. Provides only hypothetical perspectives. Little or no critical and reflective attitude towards either theory or professional practice. No / limited links to theory. Provides coherent well-argued relationships between evidence, findings and implications. Some recommendations. Clear link to previous or new business issue / problem. Sets out arguments, summarises findings from desk research, and limited other evidence. However, implications unclear or ungrounded in evidence. No or limited links back to core issue. Inadequate engagement with and critique of current research or practices. No evaluation of current processes of knowledge production. Lack of support for ideas and arguments put forward. Also a lack of adequate logical links between evidence and “findings and implications”. Recommendations come out of nowhere and not supported by theory. -7- Learning Contract Plagiarism and Related Submission Requirements Students are required to sign and attach the WBS Plagiarism Declaration to each assignment submitted. Students are also required to run their assignment through Turnitin prior to submitting their assignment. A copy of the Turnitin report must be included with the submission. Students are referred to the University’s policy on plagiarism. In particular their attention is drawn to the detail in the Plagiarism Declaration which they sign. Pass Mark Requirements In terms of the Standing Orders, to pass a course a student is required to achieve a final weighted average of 50% for a pass mark, and a subminimum of 35% in the examination/final summative assessment. Please contact the MMENVC Programme Manager for all scheduling and administrative related issues: Meisie Moya: (T) +27 11 717 3629; (E) Meisie.Moya@wits.ac.za Please contact the designated technical support staff for all IT support related issues: Dino Gavrielides: (T) +27 11 717 3558; (E) Dino.Gavrielides@wits.ac.za