o Matter
is everything around
you
o Matter is anything made up of
atoms and molecules
o Anything that has mass and
takes up space.
 Atoms
are pieces of matter
 You are made up of billions and
billions of atoms
 Atoms are the building blocks
 You need atoms to build molecules
 Molecules are atoms bonded
together
Matter
Pure
Substances
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Mixtures
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
◦ Are also known as substances.
◦ Have a constant composition.
• Examples:
• H2O, O2 (no matter how they are
prepared, they will always have this
ratio of atoms)
Matter
Pure
Substances
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Mixtures
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
◦ Elements contain only one single type
of atom (found on the Periodic Table of
Elements.)
◦ Simplest form of matter that has its
own unique set of properties.
◦ Cannot be separated by physical or
chemical changes.
Monatomic
Element
Diatomic
Element
Matter
Pure
Substances
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Mixtures
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
◦ Two or more atoms that are CHEMICALLY
combined.
◦ Have their own unique properties that can differ
from the elements that make up that compound.
◦ Examples include:
 Sodium Chloride (Table Salt)
 Ammonia
NH3
◦ Can be separated by a chemical change.
Matter
Pure
Substances
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Mixtures
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
◦ Two or more substances that are
PHYSICALLY combined. (not bonded)
◦ Substances retain their own properties.
◦ Can be separated into components by
physical changes. (ex: filtering)
Particle
Diagram of
a Mixture
◦ An uneven mixture of particles
◦ Have visible differences
◦ Examples include:
 Sand and Water
 Oil and Water
 Salt & Pepper
◦ Are easily separated
by filtration.
◦ Have no visible differences until you reach the
atomic or molecular level.
◦ Also known as solutions
◦ Can be separated back into the pure
substances
◦ Examples include:
 Air
 Salt water
 Tap Water
 Metal Alloys (brass, sterling silver, or steel)


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Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of
particles so small they can not be seen
with a microscope
The particles will never settle out to the
bottom
Solutions stay mixed
Solvent



The Solvent is the
part of the solution
that does the
dissolving
When a solid dissolves
into a liquid the liquid
is the solvent
In salt water, the
water is the solvent
Solute



The Solute is the part
of the solution that
gets dissolved
When a solid dissolves
into a liquid the solid
is the solute
In Salt water, the salt
is the solute
o Homogeneous
o medium-sized
particles
o particles
settle
o EX:
milk
don’t
Colloid
o
Heterogeneous
o
large particles
o
particles settle
o
EX:fresh-squeezed
lemonade
Yummy Lemonade or
Orange Juice with Pulp
o
o
o
Light will scatter or
bounce off of particles
that are large enough
The scattering of light
by colloidal particles is
the Tyndall Effect
The Tyndall test is used
to distinguish between a
colloid from a solution
Tyndall Effect
o
o
Particles in solution DO
NOT pass the Tyndall
Test
Colloids and particles in
suspension DO Pass the
Tyndall test
Do They or Don’t They
pass the Tyndall Test???
Physical Properties






Color
Size
Shape
Density
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Physical Properties can be
changed without changing
the identity of the
substances
Chemical Properties




pH (Acid or Base)
Reaction with oxygen
(flammability)
Reaction with water
Reaction with metals
Chemical Properties tell
you how a substance will
react and undergo a
chemical change
Physical Changes



Chemical Changes
Physical changes change
a physical property

The substance remains
the same substance

Example: Cutting a
sandwich in half

Chemical Changes are
reactions that form one or
more new substances
Three common types of
changes are a change in
color, the production of gas
(fizzing) and a formation
of a precipitate(solid
separating from a liquid)
Example: Rust on a bike
chain





Change in color: What happens to a banana
over time?
That is a
which causes
the peel to turn colors
What happens when you leave your bike out in
the rain for a long time?
That is a
A change in color is one indicator that a
chemical change has occurred and has produced
at least one new substance
What happens when you add vinegar to
baking soda?
 This is because the baking soda is undergoing
a
and producing a gas this
is why is bubbles
 When you bake a cake, a
takes place that causes the cake to rise because
of carbon dioxide (gas)expanding




The Law of the Conservation of Mass is that
ALL matter present before a chemical change
EQUALS the mass of all the substances after
the change
This is similar to another law that you learned
Which one?
THE END!!!!