Paco Catholic School
PAASCU Accredited Level III
Senior High School Department
A. Y. 2019 – 2020
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic to the Mental Health
of Selected Grade 12 Students of Paco Catholic School
12 – STEM 3
Group Eight
Rosales, Marvin Andrew S.
Reyes, Miguel Jaime C.
Tayco, Rowell Allain
Tiu, Kenshin
Torno, Janelle Maxene A.
Submitted to:
Mrs. Olivia Camposano
RDL 2 Teacher
January 11, 2021
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to thank all the people who were there to assist in the
process of conducting this research. All of your efforts are greatly appreciated in order to make
this study a success. The researchers would like to acknowledge the following:
Firstly, the researchers would like to give thanks to God who has given us guidance and
protection since the very beginning. With the help of His grace, this research was a success and
that all remained healthy up until now.
To our teacher in Research in Daily Life 2, Mrs. Olivia Camposano, for all of the wisdom
that she imparted to all her students. Without the help of her guidance and teachings, this
research would not have been successful.
To all of the respondents, the Grade 12 STEM students of Paco Catholic School A.Y.
2020-2021, for participating in the survey to provide data and for answering the questionnaire
honestly and sincerely.
To families and friends, who assisted the researchers in staying motivated and uplifting
the mood of the researchers amidst the pandemic while accomplishing this research.
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ABSTRACT
In order to avoid the transmission of COVID-19, quarantine was issued by the
government to reduce the amount of COVID cases in the Philippines. However, not all people
are in the same situation of having an ample number of activities and are enjoying staying in
their homes and with their families. With that in mind, the researchers have formulated the study
titled "The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic to the Mental Health of Selected Grade 12 Students".
The purpose of this study is to analyze and describe the current mental health of the Grade 12
students amidst the pandemic. A total of 72 selected grade 12 students of Paco Catholic School
were given a questionnaire regarding the effect of the pandemic COVID-19 on their Mental
Health. The giving of survey was conducted for 7 days to discover and describe the different
effects of the pandemic to the Mental Health of the respondents along with the mental factors
affecting their Mental Health. In conclusion, most of the 72 selected Grade 12 Students agree
that their mental health has deteriorated due to the ongoing pandemic. Therefore, the COVID19 pandemic has a significant negative effect on the mental health of the grade 12 students.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement...................................................................................................................2
Abstract...................................................................................................................................3
Chapter I: Introduction
A. Background of the Study.........................................................................................7-8
B. Significance of the Study...................................................................................... 8
C. Scope and Delimitation ....................................................................................... 9
D. Conceptual Framework........................................................................................ 9
E. Statement of the Problem.................................................................................... 10
F. Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………………... 10
G. Definition of Terms.................................................................................................11
H. Review of Related Literature..................................................................................11-14
Chapter II: Methodology
A. Research Design....................................................................................................15
B. Population and Sample..........................................................................................15
C.Instrument...............................................................................................................15-16
D. Data Collection Procedure.....................................................................................16
E. Data Analysis Techniques......................................................................................16-17
Chapter III: Results, Data Presentation and Analysis of Data..........................................18-28
Chapter IV: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
A. Summary.............................................................................................................. 29
B. Conclusion............................................................................................................ 30
C.Recommendation.................................................................................................. 30-31
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………..32-33
Appendices.............................................................................................................................34-38
Curriculum Vitae.................................................................................................................................39-46
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Frequency Distribution of age of the respondents……...............................................18
Table 1.1 Frequency Distribution of gender of the respondents..............................................19
Table 1.2 Frequency Distribution of Merit received (Midterms) ..............................................19
Table 1.3 Frequency Distribution of location of the respondents.............................................19
Table 1.4 Frequency Distribution of number of persons living with the respondents.............20-21
Table 1.5 Frequency Distribution of the respondents’ head of the family………...................19-20
Table 1.6 Frequency Distribution of Occupation of the Head of the Family…………...............21
Table 1.7 Frequency Distribution of having a relative who lost a job…………………...............22
Table 1.8 Frequency Distribution of number of relatives who lost a job during the
pandemic..................................................................................................................................22
Table 1.9 Frequency Distribution of Average Monthly Income of the Family...........................23
Table 1.10 Frequency Distribution of Average Monthly Expense of the Family.......................23
Table 2 Effect of COVID-19 to the Mental Health of students...............................................24-25
Table 2.1 Factors affecting Mental Health...............................................................................27
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic to the Mental Health of students………………….24
Figure 2: Mental Factors affecting Mental Health of students…………………………….…….26
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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
The COVID-19 Pandemic has brought about a significant change in every aspect
of the world. One of the main dilemmas being faced by everyone is the challenge of
preserving and taking care of not only one’s physical health but also each other’s mental
health. According to Wang et al. (2020), several pieces of research conducted recently
identified a heightened prevalence of moderate-to-severe self-reported depressive and
anxious symptomatology among people.
One recent survey of YoungMinds (2020) reported that 83% of young
respondents acknowledged that COVID-19 worsened mental health conditions due to
restricted social connections, repetitive routine, and closure of schools. Also, the study of
Cao, et al. (2020) examined the effect of COVID-19 on student education and well-being.
Almost 25% of the respondents expressed experiencing anxiety symptoms because of
its effect in one’s daily life, academic delays, and economic effects of the pandemic.
Mental health is the level of psychological well-being or an absence of mental
illness. It is one’s state who is "functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and
behavioral adjustment". Mental health includes emotional, psychological, and social wellbeing. It affects how people think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how someone
can cope with stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at
every stage of life, from childhood, adolescence and throughout adulthood. Over the
course of life, if one experiences mental health problems, decision-making, thinking,
mood, and behavior could be affected. The present COVID-19 pandemic has brought
extraordinary challenges and has affected the educational sectors. Until now, no one
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knows when it will end. Every country is presently implementing plans and procedures
on how to contain the virus, and the infections are still continually rising. Many students
throughout the country surely feel the changes in their mental health/state due to the
new normal way of teaching, some students are adapting to the new normal while others
are trying hard to adapt even though it is difficult for them.
B. Significance of the Study
This study on knowing the effects of COVID-19 pandemic to the mental health of
students will be benefiting the following sectors:
Students - The study will raise awareness on factors that the students should prevent or
improve on as it may affect their mentality.
Parents - The study will be of use to parents as it will aid them in knowing factors and
determining decisions that will assist or help their child.
School - This study will serve as a guide for educational institutions in determining the
changes and enhancements that should be done within the school as well as its
curriculum that may help for the betterment of its student’s mental health.
Community - It will help the community by giving awareness on people’s, especially the
students’, mental health in this time of pandemic. This study may also help the
community by informing the people about the struggles that the students are currently
experiencing or may experience in concern to mental health and to find solutions for
such problems
Future Researchers - The results of the study can be used as a guide or reference for
future researchers that will be conducting the same study.
C. Scope and Delimitation
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This study focuses on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic to the mental
health of Grade 12 students of Paco Catholic School Academic Year 2020-2021. The
sample size was determined by the use of Slovin’s formula. Ten (10) respondents per
section for 5 sections and eleven (11) respondents per section for the remaining 2
sections; with a total of 72 respondents and the participants will be selected through the
use of Purposive sampling technique. The researcher aims to know the different effects
of the Pandemic to the mental health of the students. The researchers will use a
questionnaire to gather data. The data gathering procedure will be conducted within the
Grade 12 students of Paco Catholic School only. The interview and survey will take
place during dismissal time of the Grade 12 students.
D. Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
The Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic to the
Mental Health of the selected Grade 12
Students of Paco Catholic School
Mental Health of
Grade 12
Students
Mental Factors
affecting the Mental
Health of Students
Effects of COVID19 Pandemic to the
Mental Health of
Students
Solutions and
Recommendations
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This study focused on describing the effects of COVID-19 to the mental health of
Grade 12 students. Afterwards, the researchers identified the mental factors causing the
change in mental health. Along with the factors, the researchers identified the effect of
COVID-19 to the Mental Health of Grade 12 students. Finally, the last part of this
research was the formulation of solutions and recommendations by the researchers.
E. Statement of the Problem
The main objective of this study is to learn the effects of COVID-19 pandemic to
the mental health of Grade 12 students from Paco Catholic School. This research
seeks to answer the following question:
1. What is the respondent’s profile in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Academic standing
1.4 Socio-economic status
2. How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the Mental Health of Grade 12
students?
3. What are the different mental factors that affect the mental health of selected
Grade 12 students during the COVID-19 pandemic?
F. Hypothesis
The researchers have come up with one assumption in determining the
relationship of the mental health of students to the COVID-19 pandemic:

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant relationship between the mental health of
students and the COVID-19 pandemic.
G. Definition of Terms
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
Pandemic: an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing
international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people

COVID-19: an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.

Quarantine: a restriction on the movement of people and goods which is intended to
prevent the spread of disease or pests.
H. Review of Related Literature
This chapter presents the related literature and studies after a comprehensive and
in-depth search done by the researchers. The related articles cover the topic involving the
effect of the pandemic on the mental health of the students. This chapter will also show us
the findings of other researchers or people on what are the causes that are affecting the
mental health of the students during the pandemic.
In the study that was conducted by Pragati Shukla (2020), it is stated there that
with how the COVID-19 outbreak is panning out, the psychological issues which come with
it have rapidly intensified its public health burden. Emerging research assessing the
mental health implications of COVID-19 has identified an increased rate of moderate-tosevere depressive and anxious symptoms among the general public. These widespread
outbreaks are linked with adverse mental health consequences. But further research that
investigates beyond the general public is needed so that we can fully understand the
individualized disruption of lives and routines due to COVID-19 – along with its associated
psychological impacts. For university students, increased levels of psychological distress
and negative academic consequences are prevalent even before the COVID-19. Then, as
a result of social distancing measures implemented in response to COVID-19, higher
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education institutions have shifted to an emergency online learning format. As can be
expected, this worsened the academic stressors for many students.
The study of Nicholas Grupic, Shaylea Badovinac, and Amer M Johri (2020) says
that due to COVID-19 education institutions have shifted to an emergency online learning
format, which would be expected to further exacerbate academic stressors for students. It
is reasonable to venture that students may experience reduced motivation toward studies,
increased pressures to learn independently, abandonment of daily routines, and potentially
higher rates of dropout as direct consequences of these measures. The COVID-19
pandemic has placed an unprecedented mental health burden on students, which urgently
requires further examination and immediate intervention.
According to the study of Mechili (2020), their findings indicate that quarantine
measures have a significant impact on the levels of depression among both university
students and their family members.
According to Youki Terada (2020), the Covid-19 pandemic may worsen existing
mental health problems and lead to more cases among children and adolescents because
of the unique combination of the public health crisis, social isolation, and economic
recession”.
According to Joyce Lee (2020), now that schools are closed, some lock
themselves up inside their rooms for weeks, refusing to take showers, eat, or leave their
beds.” For some children with depression, there will be considerable difficulties adjusting
back to normal life when school resumes.
According to a review by Brooks, Webster, Smith, Woodland, Wessely, Greenberg,
and Rubin (2020), Quarantine and self‐isolation can most likely harm one's mental health.
A review published in The Lancet said that the separation from loved ones, loss of
freedom, boredom, and uncertainty can cause deterioration in an individual's mental
health status.
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According to the research conducted by Richardson T., Elliott P., et al. (2017), the
poorer mental health of students was related to longer working hours outside university
and difficulty paying bills. Those who had considered abandoning study for financial
reasons had poorer mental health, social functioning, physical health and were also
heavier smokers. Being in debt was connected with knowing people involved in
prostitution, crime, or drug dealing to help support themselves financially. Results suggest
that the financial problems of students may be having an immense impact on their health.
In the study conducted by Grotan, Sund & Bjerkeset, (2019) it is stated that student
life can be stressful and for some students, it may cause mental distress. Besides being a
major public health challenge, mental distress can influence academic achievement. The
main objectives of the current study were to examine associations of mental distress with
academic self-efficacy and study progress. A secondary aim was to examine mental
health help-seeking for students with mental distress. The study showed that there was a
strong association between symptoms of mental distress, academic self-efficacy, and
study progress. Prospective studies should evaluate whether improved help-seeking and
psychological treatment can promote student's mental health and ultimately improve
academic self-efficacy and study progress.
In the study of Agnafors, Barmark, and Sydsjö (2020), it says that an inverse
relationship between mental health and academic achievement is a well-known
phenomenon in the scientific literature. However, how and when this association develops
is not fully understood and there is a lack of longitudinal, population-based studies on
young children. Early intervention is important if associations are to be found already
during childhood. The present study aimed to investigate the development of the
association between mental health and academic performance during different
developmental periods of childhood and adolescence.
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In a study by Xinli Chi, the researchers suggested that a high prevalence of
posttraumatic, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, but also that many have an intrinsic
motivation for positive growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings may help
provide important information for future tracking or intervention research in this group.
Specific risk factors exist to identify subjects at risk of poor mental health. While early
traumatic events in childhood and insecure attachment are risk factors, resilience is a
modifiable factor and a potential therapeutic target to prevent poor mental health
outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic.
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CHAPTER II - METHODOLOGY
A.
Research Design
This study is a quantitative research that aimed to gain a deep understanding on
the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic to the Mental Health of the selected Grade 12
students. Descriptive research design was used to help the researchers describe
the mental state of students during this pandemic in which the data was acquired through
Questionnaires.
B. Population and Sample
For the population, the group chose to collect data from the twelfth grade of Paco
Catholic School. As for the sample, the researchers gave surveys to 10 students per
section for 5 sections and 11 students per section for the remaining 2 sections; with a total
of 72 respondents. The researchers used the Slovin’s Formula to identify the number of
the sample while Purposive Sampling was used to select the participants in which the
researchers manually selected the participants to have a bigger diversity among the
respondents in selecting the sample.
C. Instruments
Questionnaire
The researchers designed a questionnaire that was composed of a respondent’s
profile, Likert Scale and an essay question as an instrument for this study. The Likert
Scale contained statements about the possible causes of their mental health issues
and it also had statements which describe their current state or situation in which their
level of agreement was rated according to the following scale: 5-Strongly Agree, 4-Agree,
3-Neither Agree or Disagree, 2-Disagree and 1-Strongly Disagree.
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The essay was composed of 1 open-ended question that was rooted from the
Statement of the Problem regarding the mental health of Grade 12 students.
D. Data Collection
First, the researchers constructed a survey containing a Likert Scale and essay
to determine the mental health of students during this pandemic. Second, the
researchers submitted the questionnaire to the teacher for checking and revising. Third,
the approved questionnaire was placed in MS Forms and sent to the chosen participants.
Lastly, to get the acquired data, the researchers computed for the Composite Score
(Mean) of the scores and was analyzed through an Interval Measurement Scale.
E. Data Analysis
Content analysis was used to interpret the data which was gathered from the
questionnaires. The questions were answered based on the degree of agreement of the
students to the following questions, 5 being the highest and 1 being the lowest. The
Likert Scale allows the researchers pinpoint the target data using this formula:
Where the composite score or mean is represented by (W x), the combined rating is (WF),
and the frequency is (F).
The researchers analyzed the weighted mean of the data for each degree of
agreement of the participants and interpreted the data based on the following criteria:
Strongly Agree
4.25-5.00
Agree
3.50-4.24
Neither Agree nor Disagree
2.75-3.49
Disagree
2.00-2.74
Strongly Disagree
1.00-1.99
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In order to gather the data from the research questions, the researchers used coding.
They gathered the general ideas of the participants in the research questions and summarized
their answers.
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CHAPTER III - RESULTS, FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the results, findings, and interpretation of the data gathered from
questionnaires. This chapter would also discuss the profile of the students in terms of age,
gender, and socioeconomic status of the respondents, and the most common effects of the
COVID-19 pandemic to the mental health of the students.
Research Question # 1 - What is the respondent’s profile in terms of:
1.1 Age
Table 1: Frequency Distribution of age of the respondents
Age
(years)
Frequency
Relative
Frequency
Percentage (%)
16
17
18
19
Total:
2
29
38
3
72
.028
.403
.528
.042
1
2.8
40.3
52.8
4.2
100
As seen from the table, majority of the respondents, which is 52.8% of the sample, were
18 years of age with a frequency of 38 out of 72 respondents. Furthermore, the age with the
second largest frequency, which is 40.3% of the sample, was 17 which garnered 29 out of 72
respondents. On the other hand, respondents who were 16 and 19 years of age had the least
frequency which were 2 and 3 out of 72 respondents and had percentages of 2.8% and 4.2%
respectively.
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Research Question # 1 - What is the respondent’s profile in terms of:
1.2 Gender
Table 1.1: Frequency Distribution of gender of the respondents
Gender
Frequency
Relative
Frequency
Percentage (%)
Male
Female
Total:
39
33
72
.542
.458
1
54.2
45.8
100
For the gender, male respondents were the majority which is 54.2% of the sample and
had a frequency of 39 out of 72. On the other hand, 45.8% of the respondents were female
which had a frequency of 33 out of 72.
Research Question # 1 - What is the respondent’s profile in terms of:
1.3 Academic standing
Table 1.2: Frequency Distribution of Merit received (Midterms)
Merit
Received
With High Honors
With Honors
Achiever
None
Total:
Frequency
2
28
27
15
72
Relative
Frequency
.028
.389
.375
.208
1
Percentage (%)
2.8
38.9
37.5
20.8
100
For the merit received during Midterms, majority of the respondents were with Honors
which took up 38.9% or 28 out of 72 respondents. Furthermore, 37.5% or 27 out of 72
respondents were Achievers, 20.8% or 15 out of 72 didn’t receive any awards, and 2.8 or 2 out
of 72 were with High Honors.
Research Question # 1 - What is the respondent’s profile in terms of:
1.4 Socio-economic status
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Table 1.3: Frequency Distribution of location of the respondents
Location
Frequency
Relative
Percentage (%)
Frequency
Manila
55
.764
76.4
Cavite
1
.014
1.4
Makati
12
.167
16.7
Malate
2
.028
2.8
Taguig
1
.014
1.4
Bulacan
1
.014
1.4
Total
72
1
100
Based on the table, the majority is 55 out of 72 or 76.4% of the respondents, live in
Manila. Furthermore, 16.7% or 12 out of 72 reside from Makati and 2.8% or 2 out of 72 live in
Malate. Finally, the respondents living in Cavite, Taguig, and Bulacan were 1.4% or 1 out of 72
respondents.
Table 1.4: Frequency Distribution of number of persons living with the respondents
No. of persons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
16
Total
Frequency
1
6
15
17
10
5
6
3
5
1
1
2
72
Relative Frequency
0.014
0.083
0.208
0.236
0.139
0.069
0.083
0.042
0.069
0.014
0.014
0.028
1
Percentage (%)
1.4
8.3
20.8
23.6
13.9
6.9
8.3
4.2
6.9
1.4
1.4
2.8
100
The number of persons living with the respondents that got the majority was 4 which is
23.6% or 17 respondents. Furthermore, 15 respondents said that 3 persons were living with
them while 10 respondents answered 5. In addition, respondents who were living with 2 and 6
persons both had a percentage of 8.3%, while 5 students answered 6 and 9. 3 respondents
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answered 8, and 2 students answered 16. Finally, all of the respondents who answered 1,11,
and 12 all had the same percentage of 1.4%.
Table 1.5: Frequency Distribution of the respondents’ head of the family
Head of the Family
Father
Mother
Grandmother
Aunt
Grandfather
Sister
Brother
Total
Frequency
31
30
2
3
4
1
1
72
Relative Frequency
0.431
0.417
0.028
0.042
0.056
0.014
0.014
1.000
Percentage
43%
42%
3%
4%
6%
1%
1%
100%
Based on the results, 43% and 42% of the respondents have their father and mother as
head of the family with a frequency of 31 and 30 out of 72 respondents, respectively. 6% of the
respondents have their grandfather as their head of the family with a frequency of 4 out of 72
respondents, while 3% of the respondents have their grandmother with a frequency of 2 out of
72 respondents. The number of respondents that chose “Brother” and “Sister” as their head of
the family both has a percentage of 1% with a frequency of 1 out of 72 respondents which have
the lowest frequency.
Table 1.6: Frequency Distribution of Occupation of the Head of the Family
Occupation
Business man/woman
Office Clerk
Supervisor
Housewife
Unemployed
Government
Teacher
OFW
Others
Total
Frequency
11
20
9
3
8
2
4
5
10
72
Relative Frequency
0.153
0.278
0.125
0.042
0.111
0.028
0.056
0.069
0.139
1.000
Percentage
15%
28%
13%
4%
11%
3%
6%
7%
14%
100%
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As seen in the presented data, the majority of the occupation of the head of the family is
office clerk, with a percentage of 28% and a frequency of 20 out of 72 respondents. The second
largest percentage is 15% which is business man/woman with a frequency of 11 out of 72
respondents. Furthermore, the least percentage has 3% which is government employees with a
frequency of 2 out of 72 respondents. The rest of the respondents, which was classified as
“Others”, have a percentage of 14% with a frequency of 10 out of 72 respondents.
Table 1.7: Frequency Distribution of having a relative who lost a job
Answer
Yes
No
Total
Frequency
34
38
72
Relative Frequency
0.472
0.528
1.000
Percentage
49%
51%
100%
Based on the presented data, 49% of the respondents answered “Yes” saying that they
have relatives who lost their job during the pandemic, with a frequency of 34 out of 72
respondents. While 51% of the respondents answered “No” with a frequency of 38 out of 72
respondents.
Table 1.8: Frequency Distribution of number of relatives who lost a job during the
pandemic
No. of Relatives
0
1
2
3
4 and above
Total
Frequency
36
19
12
3
2
72
Relative Frequency
0.500
0.264
0.167
0.042
0.028
1.000
Percentage
50%
26%
17%
4%
3%
100%
Based on the results, 50% of the respondents do not have any relatives that lost a job,
with a frequency of 36 out of 72 respondents. 26% had a relative who lost its job with a
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frequency of 19 out of 72 respondents. 17% of the respondents had 2 relatives that lost their job
with a frequency of 12 out of 72 respondents, while there are 4% who has 3 relatives that lost
their job with a frequency of 3 out of 72 respondents. Finally, 3% of the respondents have 4 and
more relatives that lost their job during the pandemic with a frequency of 2 out of 72
respondents.
Table 1.9: Frequency Distribution of Average Monthly Income of the Family
Monthly Income
P15,000 and below
P16,000 – P25,000
P26,000 – P35,000
P36,000 – P46,000
P47,000 – P56,000
P57,000 – P66,000
P67,000 and above
Total
Frequency
8
16
7
13
11
6
11
72
Relative Frequency
0.111
0.222
0.097
0.181
0.153
0.083
0.153
1.000
Percentage
11%
22%
10%
18%
15%
8%
15%
100%
As seen in the presented data, the majority of the respondents have a monthly income
between P16,000 to P25,000 with a percentage of 22% and a frequency of 16 out of 72
respondents. 18% have a monthly income between P36,000 to P46,000 with a frequency of 13
out of 72 respondents. Furthermore, 8% of the respondents have a monthly income between
P57,000 to P66,000 with a total frequency of 6 out of 72 respondents, which is the lowest
frequency.
Table 1.10: Frequency Distribution of Average Monthly Expense of the Family
Monthly Expense
P10,000 – P20,000
P21,000 – P30,000
P31,000 – P40,000
P41,000 – P51,000
P52,000 and above
Frequency
26
29
7
2
8
Relative Frequency
0.361
0.403
0.097
0.028
0.111
Percentage
36%
40%
10%
3%
11%
Page | 23
Total
72
1.000
100%
As seen in the presented data, the majority of the respondents have a monthly expense
between P21,000 to P30,000 with a percentage of 40% and a frequency of 29 out of 72
respondents. 36% have a monthly expense between P10,000 to P20,000 with a frequency of 26
out of 72 respondents. Furthermore, 3% of the respondents have a monthly expense between
P41,000 to P51,000 with a total frequency of 6 out of 72 respondents, which is the lowest
frequency.
Research Question # 2 – How does the COVID-19 pandemic affect the Mental Health of Grade
12 students?
Figure 1: Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic to the Mental Health of students
38
32
31
26
23
2223
20
24
23
21
18
17
13
14
8
32
1
3
2
14
11
9
3
1
3
14
12 11 12
10
8
4
5
5
21
20
12
17
14
11
6
7
Agree
15
16
12
9
45
4
3
Strongly Agree
25
22
24
8
9
65
Neither Agree or
Disagree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
10
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic to the
Mental Health of students
Table 2: Effect of COVID-19 to the Mental Health of students
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It can be seen in table 2 that the students agree that they were stressed during the
pandemic because of the weighted mean of 3.97. Next, the students acquired a weighted mean
of 3.82 which implies that students felt sadness and loneliness during the pandemic.
Furthermore, the students agree that they experienced a negative change on their mental health,
which acquired a weighted mean of 3.81. Next, the students acquired a weighted mean of 3.67
in which they agreed on having mental breakdowns that affected their daily lives during the
pandemic. Next, the students agree that their sleeping routine has worsened during the
pandemic, which got a weighted mean of 4.11. Next, the students acquired a weighted mean of
3.08 on being scared without any good reason, which implies that some respondents felt scared
while some did not. Furthermore, the students neither agree nor disagree on being downhearted
during the pandemic, which had a weighted mean of 3.39. Next, the students have acquired a
weighted mean of 3.15 on having difficulty relaxing during the pandemic. It implies that the
respondents neither agree nor disagree with the statement. Next, the students agree on having
difficulty to do initiative things, it has a weighted mean of 3.82. Finally, the students acquired a
5
1.
I was Stressed
during the pandemic.
2.
I felt sadness and
loneliness.
3.
I experienced a
negative change on my
mental health.
4.
Having mental
breakdowns affected my
life during the pandemic.
5.
My sleeping
routine worsened.
6.
I felt scared
without any good reason.
7.
I felt downhearted.
8.
I had difficulty
relaxing.
9.
I had difficulty in
having initiative to do
things.
10. I find myself easily
distracted.
4
3
2
1
f
wf
wx
2
72
286
4
Agree
3
3
71
271
3.8
Agree
18
1
1
72
274
3.8
Agree
11
22
3
3
72
264
3.7
Agree
15
8
16
3
3
72
296
4.1
Agree
24
72
11
22
10
10
72
222
3.1
96
20
60
12
24
4
4
72
244
3.4
21
84
17
51
14
28
9
9
72
227
3.2
125
22
88
15
45
4
8
5
5
71
271
3.8
Neither Agree nor
Disagree
Neither Agree nor
Disagree
Neither Agree nor
Disagree
Page | 25
Agree
160
16
64
12
26
6
12
5
5
71
267
3.8
Agree
f
wf
f
wf
f
wf
f
wf
f
wf
23
115
31
124
13
39
3
6
2
26
130
20
80
14
42
8
16
22
110
23
92
17
53
9
21
105
23
92
14
42
38
190
18
72
5
14
70
12
48
12
60
24
11
55
25
32
Interpretation
weighted mean of 3.76 on being easily distracted during the pandemic. The students agree on
being easily distracted during the pandemic.
From the table, it can be seen that the respondents agree in having no initiative in doing
things, worsening of sleep routine, feeling lonely, etc. The results align with the research
conducted by Youki Terada, entitled “Covid-19’s Impact on Students’ Academic and Mental
Well-Being”, that the Covid-19 pandemic may worsen existing mental health problems and lead
to more cases among children and adolescents because of the unique combination of the public
health crisis, social isolation, and economic recession.
Research Question # 3 - What are the different mental factors that affect the mental
health of selected Grade 12 students during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Figure 2: Mental Factors affecting Mental Health of students
43
39
33
Strongly Agree
22
2120
Agree
22
21
18
15
15
12
12
10
5
4
4
0
1
2
3
21
21
Neither Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree
1817
12
Strongly Disagree
8
4
2 1
4
5
5
3 3
6
Mental Factors affecting
Mental Health of Students
Page | 26
Table 2.1 Factors affecting Mental Health
Mental Factors
affecting Mental
Health
1.
I had
difficulty dealing
with problems
relate to decision
making.
2.
I felt that
something was
missing during the
pandemic.
3.
I always
worry about the
health of my
family.
4.
I
experienced social
isolation during the
pandemic.
5.
I suddenly
feel anxious
without valid
reason.
6.
My
concentration
while studying
decreased.
5
4
3
2
1
f
wf
wx
Interpretation
4
72
247
3.43
Neither Agree
nor Disagree
0
0
72
299
4.15
Agree
4
1
1
72
320
4.44
Strongly Agree
10
20
8
8
72
250
3.47
Neither Agree
nor Disagree
63
12
24
4
4
72
249
3.46
Neither Agree
nor Disagree
15
3
6
3
3
71
303
4.21
Agree
f
wf
f
wf
f
wf
f
wf
f
wf
1
5
75
21
84
20
60
12
24
4
3
3
16
5
22
88
12
36
5
10
4
3
21
5
22
88
4
12
2
2
1
10
5
18
72
15
45
1
8
90
17
68
21
3
9
19
5
21
84
5
It can be seen in table 2 that the students neither agree nor disagree on having
difficulties with problems that relate to their decision making, it has a weighted mean of 3.43.
Page | 27
Furthermore, the students acquired a weighted mean of 4.15, in which respondents agree on
having felt that something was missing during the pandemic. Next, the students strongly agree
that they were worried about the health of their own family, which had a weighted mean of 4.44.
Next, the students acquired a weighted mean of 3.47 on experiencing social isolation during the
pandemic; the students neither agree nor disagree on having an experience of social isolation
during the pandemic. Next, the students neither agree nor disagree on being anxious without
any valid reason; it has a weighted mean of 3.46. Next, the students acquired a weighted mean
of 4.21 on having their concentration decreased while studying; the students agree that their
concentration while studying has decreases.
These results agree with the study conducted by Mechili, entitled “Is the mental health of
young students and their family members affected during the quarantine period?”, that the
quarantine measures have a significant impact on the levels of depression among both
university students and their family members. In addition, the results also aligned with the
research conducted by Brooks, Webster, Smith, Woodland, Wessely, Greenberg, and Rubin
entitled “The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the
evidence”, that self‐isolation can most likely harm one's mental health, and separation from
loved ones, loss of freedom, boredom, and uncertainty can cause deterioration in an individual's
mental health status.
Page | 28
Research Question # 3 - What are the different mental factors that affect the mental health of
selected Grade 12 students during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Question #1 - Did the pandemic improve or worsen your mood? Why?
Based from the data collected, most of the respondents answered that the pandemic
worsens their mood because of the feeling of being contained and locked up. Being at home
means that students can't be with friends which leads to having a reduced amount of fun and
enjoyment since some students let out joy and excitement around peers rather than family
members. Some respondents also said that the pandemic worsened their mood because it
made it hard for them to cope up with the new normal since classes are now being held virtually.
Students found it difficult to understand and keep up with the lessons because of lack of
technology and network problems. It was also stated that going outside the house lifts up one’s
mood but because of the pandemic it prohibits or limits the time to go out of the house. Finally,
some respondents answered that the pandemic didn't affect them at all since some are used to
being inside the house and that the students are more comfortable at their own house instead of
going out.
Page | 29
CHAPTER IV - SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
This study entitled “The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic to the Mental Health
Of Selected Grade 12 Students of Paco Catholic School”, aimed to discover (1) the
respondent’s profile in terms of: Age, Gender, Academic standing, and Socio-economic status,
and (2) the different mental factors that affect the mental health of selected Grade 12 students
during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is a quantitative research which used a Descriptive
research design to describe the effects of the pandemic to the Mental Health of students.
The participants of the study were the Grade 12 students of Paco Catholic School,
Academic Year 2020 -2021.Purposive Sampling was used in selecting the participants from
each section. The researchers constructed a questionnaire that was composed of a
respondent’s profile, Likert scale, and an essay to gather data for this research. The results
show that majority of the respondents had a negative impact on their Mental health because of
the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the students agreed that they experienced stress, anxiety,
breakdowns, etc. during the pandemic. The main Mental Factor that affects the Mental Health of
students is worrying about the health of one’s family, in which the respondents strongly agreed.
In addition, the other mental factors were that concentration while studying decreased and that
students felt something missing during the pandemic. Respondents also experienced worsening
of one’s mood because of the reduced social interaction with friends and inability to do different
activities inside the house. Furthermore, the pandemic also had a negative effect to some
students because of the virtual learning setup in which some had lack of access to technology
and poor network problems. However, a minority of the respondents stated that the pandemic
had no effect because some are used to and more comfortable in staying inside the house.
Page | 30
Conclusion
Based on the information gathered and data presented, the researchers have come up with
the following conclusions:
1. The researchers accept the hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between
the Mental Health of Grade 12 students and the COVID-19 pandemic.
2. The COVID-19 Pandemic negatively affected the Mental Health of Grade 12 students at
Paco Catholic School. The Grade 12 students experienced stress, anxiety, depression,
and other negative effects during the COVID-19 pandemic.
3. The main mental factors that affect the mental health of students are their concern about
the health of their family, a decrease in concentration, and feeling that something was
missing.
Recommendation
1. For the future researchers of this study, the researchers recommend researching on
other grade levels in order to perceive the effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on their
mental health and to know other factors that affect their mental health. This will serve as
a platform for us to see the different levels of effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
between grade levels.
2. During quarantine, it is advised to find a hobby in order to put your time and effort in that
certain task during the pandemic. The researcher’s advice is to have a workout routine,
to eat a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and constantly drink water to be physically
healthy. It is also recommended to practice relaxation techniques in order to cope with
stress, anxiety, and breakdowns. Finally, it is recommended to have someone to vent
out emotions and someone to talk to during difficult situations in order to connect with
others and to avoid bottling up negative feelings.
Page | 31
3. To the parents, the researchers suggest to always check on your child, talk about their
worries and concerns, spend more time with them, and ask what kind of help do they
need.
Page | 32
BIBLIOGRAPHY
JOURNAL

Grubic, N. et al, (2020), Student mental health in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: A
call for further research and immediate solutions, Retrieved September 25,2020,
from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0020764020925108

Samantha K Brooks, Rebecca K Webster, Louise E Smith, Lisa Woodland,
Simon Wessely, Neil Greenberg, Gideon James Rubin (2020), The psychological impact
of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence Retrieved October
10,2020, https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(20)30460-8.pdf
ARTICLE

Terada, Y., (2020), Covid-19’s Impact on Students’ Academic and Mental Well-
Being, Retrieved September 25,2020, from https://www.edutopia.org/article/covid-19simpact-students-academic-and-mental-well-being

Lee,J. (2020), Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-
19, Retrieved September 25,2020,
from https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(20)30109-7/fulltext

Pragati, S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Students' Mental Health and Well-
being. Retrieved August 10, 2020 from https://www.psychreg.org/impact-of-covid-19-onstudents-mental-health-and-well-being/
Page | 33

Mechili, E. A.,et. al,(2020), Is the mental health of young students and their family
members affected during the quarantine period?, Retrieved October 1,2020,
from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jpm.12672

Richardson, T., Elliott, P., Roberts, R., & Jansen, M. (2017). A longitudinal study
of financial difficulties and mental health in a national sample of British undergraduate
students. Community mental health journal, 53(3), 344-352.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10597-016-0052-0

Xinli C.(2020) Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Mental Health
Outcomes Among Chinese College Students During The Coronavirus Disease Pandemic.
Retrieved (October 21,2020)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00803/full

Grotan, K., Sund, E. R.& Bjerkeset, O.(2019). Mental Health, Academic Self-
Efficacy and Study Progress Among College Students – The SHoT Study, Norway.
Retrieved (October 21,2020)
from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00045/full

Sara Agnafors, Mimmi Barmark & Gunilla Sydsjö (2020), Mental health and academic
performance: a study on selection and causation effects from childhood to early
adulthood, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, Retrieved (October 21, 2020)
from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-020-019345?fbclid=IwAR16XF6GgvOzlv40QglvfJejxOF1Q9qF4qwoh8i1xH2tLaD3894XKaQBMpE
Page | 34
APPENDICES
Page | 35
Page | 36
Page | 37
Questionnaire
The Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic to the Mental Health of the Selected
Grade 12 Students of Paco Catholic School
A. Respondent’s Profile
Kindly fill up the information needed.
Name: (optional)
Section & Strand: ____________
Age: _______
Gender:
o Male
o Female
Merit received:
o With High Honors Student
o With Honors Student
o Achiever Student
o None
Location:
o
o
o
o
o
o
Manila
Quezon City
Cavite
Laguna
Rizal
Others: ______
Number of persons staying with you;
_______________
Head of the Family:
o Father
o Mother
o Sister
o Brother
o Others: ______
Occupation: _____________
During the COVID-19 Pandemic, was there someone in your relatives who lost their job?
o Yes
o None
If yes, how many members of the family?
o 1
o 2
o 3
o 4 and above
Average Monthly Income of the Family:
o P15,000 and below
o P16,000 – P25,000
o P26,000 – P35,000
o P36,000 – P46,000
o P47,000 – P56,000
o P57,000 – P66,000
o P67,000 and above
Page | 38
Average Monthly Expenses of the Family:
o P10,000 – P20,000
o P21,000 – P30,000
o P31,000 – P40,000
o P41,000 – P51,000
o P52,000 and above
B.
Likert Scale
Direction: Please check and rate yourself honestly with regard to the effects of the COVID-19
Pandemic to your Mental Health given the statements using the following scales:
5-Strongly Agree 4- Agree
3-Neither Agree or Disagree
2- Disagree 1-Strongly
Disagree
Effects
5
4
3
2
1
1.
I was stressed during the pandemic.
2.
I felt sadness and loneliness.
3.
I experienced a negative change
in my mental health.
4.
Having mental breakdowns affected my life during
the pandemic.
5.
My sleeping routine worsened.
6.
I felt scared without any good reason.
7.
I felt downhearted.
8.
I had difficulty relaxing.
9.
I had difficulty in having the initiative to do things.
10.
I find myself easily distracted.
Mental Factors
5
4
3
2
1
1.
I had difficulty dealing with problems related to
decision making.
2.
I felt that something was missing during the
pandemic.
3.
I always worry about the health of my family.
4.
I experienced social isolation during the pandemic.
5.
I suddenly feel anxious without valid reason.
6.
My concentration while studying decreased.
C. Essay
1. Did the pandemic improve or worsen your mood? How and Why?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Page | 39
CURRICULUM
VITAE
Page | 40
Name: Janelle Maxene A. Torno
Address: 2609 G. Jesus St. Pandacan, Manila
Contact Number: 09184111088
Email: janellemaxene24@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Junior High School: Paco Catholic School, March of 2019
Grade School: Beata Elementary School,
SKILLS
 Critical Thinking
 Basic Knowledge on Microsoft
 Willingness to Learn
 Social Media Literacy
 Resiliency
 Communication Skills
PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES
Nickname: anel
Gender: Female
Birthdate: December 24,2003
Religion: Catholic
Birthplace: City of Manila
Citizenship: Filipino
Weight: 52kg
Mother’s Name: Rowelyn A. Torno
Height: 161.5 cm
Occupation: Housewife
Age: 17
Contact Number: 09297151100
Page | 41
HONOR/AWARD/DISTINCTIONS
Grade 8
- With Achievers
- Class Unity Award Champion (2016)
Grade 9
- With Achievers
- Class Unity Award 1st Runner Up (2017)
Grade 10
- With Achievers
- Class Unity Award 2nd Runner Up (2018)
Grade 11
- With Achievers
- With Honors
- Class Unity Award Champion (2019)
Grade 12
- With Achievers
Janelle Maxene A. Torno
Page | 42
Name: Rosales, Marvin Andrew S.
Address: 1325 Nieto St. Paco, Manila
Contact Number: 09612076684
Email: rmarvinandrew@yahoo.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary to Senior High School:
Paco Catholic School, 2009-present
SKILLS
 Wise decision making
 Flexible with different working conditions
 Willingness to Learn
 Patience
 Goal-oriented
 Communication Skills
PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES
Nickname: Marvin
Birthdate: March 4,2003
Citizenship: Filipino
Birthplace: City of Makati
Mother’s Name: Agnes P. Sarile-Rosales
Weight: 76kg
Occupation: Medtech
Height: 167.5 cm
Contact Number: 09258708090
Age: 17
Father’s Name: Arvin Mario P. Rosales
Gender: Male
Occupation: Physical Therapist
Religion: Catholic
Contact Number: 09258704050
Page | 43
HONOR/AWARD/DISTINCTIONS
Grade 7
- Second Honor
Grade 8
- With Honors
- Class Unity Award Champion (2016)
- Outstanding in Christian Living Education
Grade 9
- With Honors
- Outstanding in Christian Living Education
Grade 10
- With Honors
- Outstanding in Character and Conduct
Grade 11
- With Honors
- Outstanding in Character and Conduct
Grade 12
- With Honors
Marvin Andrew S. Rosales
Page | 44
Name: Tiu, Kenshin
Address: 2641 Int. 38 Pasigline St. Sta. Ana, Manila
Contact Number: 09208907495
Email: kenshintiu@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Junior High School: Makati High School
Grade School: Francisco Benitez Elementary School III
SKILLS
 Basic Knowledge on Microsoft
 Perseverance
 Practical Thinking
 Willingness to learn
PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES
Nickname: Ken
Gender: M
Birthdate: October 27, 2002
Religion: Roman Catholic
Birthplace: Manila
Citizenship: Filipino
Weight: 50kg
Mother’s Name: Anna Marie Abenales
Height: 170cm
Occupation: House Wife
Age: 18
Contact Number: 09208907478
Kenshin Tiu
Page | 45
Name: Tayco, Rowell Allain M.
Address: 1447 R. Lanuza St. Ext. Paco, Manila
Contact Number: 09064444272
Email: rowell.tayco08@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary to Senior High School: Paco Catholic School, 2009-present
SKILLS
 Basic Knowledge on Microsoft
 Willingness to Learn
 Practical Thinking
 Critical Thinking
PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES
Nickname: Ram
Religion: Roman Catholic
Birthdate: June 8, 2003
Citizenship: Filipino
Birthplace: Manila
Mother’s Name: Aireen M. Tayco
Weight: 50kg
Occupation: Secretary
Height: 172cm
Contact Number: 09164329298
Age: 17
Gender: M
Rowell Allain M. Tayco
Page | 46
Name: Reyes, Miguel Jaime C.
Address: 2759 Tupas St. Sta. Ana Manila
Contact Number: 09276687163
Email: migueljaime.reyes@yahoo.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary to Senior High School: Paco Catholic School, 2009-present
SKILLS
 Basic Knowledge on Microsoft
 Willingness to Learn
 Practical Thinking
 Critical Thinking
PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES
Nickname: Migs
Gender: M
Birthdate: Dec, 23 2002
Religion: Roman Catholic
Birthplace: Las pinas
Citizenship: Filipino
Weight: 48kg
Mother’s Name: Vivian C. Reyes
Height: 180cm
Occupation: Employee
Age: 18
Contact Number: 09164329298
Miguel Jaime C. Reyes
Page | 47