1. Save this to your PDHPE OneDrive folder.
2. Copy Q onto paper, set a stopwatch (1.8 mins/mark) and handwrite
response.
3. Submit in Canvas, notify me when you have done so.
- PDF / Word Document format only (so I can annotate in
speedgrader).
4. Download annotated feedback from speedgrader and paste into this
table under the Q.
- Now you have a question bank for every DP in the syllabus, and you
can attempt each Q again and seek more feedback. Also include your own
practice questions sourced from past HSC papers. This will be extremely
valuable for study and means you have an online version in case your
paper copies are lost.
Core 2: Factors Affecting Performance
Students Learn about
Practice Q’s
(keep writing new syllabus dot points in as
we progress)
CQ1
DP1:

Energy systems
- Alactacid system (ATP/PC)
- Lactic acid system
- Aerobic system
HSC 2020 PDHPE Section I, Q23a
Q. An athlete ran in the 100-metre final at an Olympic Games.
In the table below, identify the predominant energy system. (3
marks)
Predominant energy system
used by this athlete
Alactacid system (ATP/PC)
Source of fuel
Creatine phosphate
Energy system duration
10-12 seconds
Cause of fatigue
Depletion of CP
Rate of recovery
2mins
HSC 2017 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q25
Q. Compare TWO different energy systems by exploring their
duration, sources of fuel and causes of fatigue. Use examples
to support your answer. (7 marks)
HSC 2014 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q27
Q. Compare the two anaerobic energy systems. (5 marks)
DP2:

Types of training and training
methods
- Aerobic, eg continuous,
Fartlek, aerobic interval,
circuit
- Anaerobic, eg anaerobic
interval
- Flexibility, eg static, ballistic,
PNF, dynamic
- Strength, eg free/fixed
weights, elastic, hydraulic
DP3:

Principles of training
- Progressive overload
- Specificity
- Reversibility
- Variety
- Training thresholds
- Warm up and cool down
DP4:

Physiological adaptations in
response to training
- Resting heart rate
- Stroke volume and cardiac
output
- Oxygen uptake and lung
capacity
- Haemoglobin level
- Muscle hypertrophy
- Effect on fast/slow twitch
muscle fibres
CQ2
DP5:

Motivation
- Positive and negative
- Intrinsic and extrinsic
HSC 2020 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q24
Q. Explain how TWO flexibility training methods can improve
performance of an athlete in ONE sport. Provide examples to
support your answer. (5 marks)
HSC 2011 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q24b
Q. Describe how different strength-training methods affect an
athlete’s performance. (4 marks)
HSC PDHPE 2017 Exam, Section I, Q26
Q. Explain the physiological adaptations an individual
develops in response to the different principles of training.
Use examples to support your answer. (8 marks)
HSC PDHPE 2012 Exam, Section I, Q27
Q. How can THREE principles of training be applied to
improve strength? Provide examples. (6 marks)
HSC PDHPE 2017 Exam, Section I, Q26
Q. Explain the physiological adaptations an individual
develops in response to the different principles of training.
Use examples to support your answer. (8 marks)
HSC PDHPE 2013 Exam, Section I, Q25
Q. Describe the effect of stoke volume and cardiac output
on aerobic performance. (3 marks)
HSC 2015 PDHPE, Section I, Q26
Q. Explain how different types
performance. (4 marks)
of motivation can affect an athlete’s
HSC 2021 PDHPE, Section I, Q23
Q. Describe TWO ways in which
extrinsic motivation can affect an
athlete’s performance? (4 marks)
DP6:

Anxiety and arousal
- Trait and state anxiety
- Sources of stress
- Optimal arousal
HSC 2018 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q25
Q. Explain why the optimum level
of arousal varies for different
sports (5 marks)
HSC 2014 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q26
Q. How do anxiety and arousal differ
in terms of their effect on
athletic performance? (4 marks)
DP7:

Psychological strategies to enhance
motivation and manage anxiety
- Concentration/attention skills
(focusing)
- Mental
rehearsal/visualisation/imagery
- Relaxation techniques
- Goal-setting
CQ3
DP8:

Nutritional requirements
- Pre-performance, including
carbohydrate loading
- During performance
- Post-performance
HSC 2019 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q21
Q. Outline how goal setting can influence
an athlete’s
motivation level. Use examples to support your answer. (3
marks)
HSC 2019 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q21
Q. Justify the psychological strategies
used by athletes to
enhance their motivation and to manage anxiety. (8 marks)
HSC 2019 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q22
Q. Justify whether carbohydrate
loading could improve
performance for an athlete competing in a 100-metre running
race. (4 marks)
HSC 2014 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q25
Q. Outline the post-performance
dietary considerations of an
endurance athlete. (3 marks)
DP9:

Supplementation
- Vitamins/minerals
- Protein
- Caffeine
- Creatine products
HSC 2017 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q24
Q. Using examples, explain how
specific vitamins and/or
minerals affect athletic performance (5 marks)
HSC 2013 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q27
Q. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of protein
supplementation and creatine supplementation for improved
athletic performance? (5 marks)
DP10:

Recovery strategies
- Physiological strategies, eg
cool down, hydration
- Neural strategies, eg
hydrotherapy, massage
- Tissue damage strategies, eg
cryotherapy
- Psychological strategies, eg
relaxation
CQ4
DP11:

use physiological and neural
strategies during recovery. Use examples to support your
answer (8 marks)
HSC 2012 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q28
Q. Describe the different recovery
strategies used by athletes
to improve performance. Provide examples. (8 marks)
HSC 2016 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q24a
Q. Outline the stages of skill acquisition.
(3 marks)
Stages of skill acquisition
- Cognitive
- Associative
- Autonomous
DP12:

HSC 2018 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q27
Q. Explain why marathon runners
Characteristics of the learner, eg
personality, heredity, confidence,
prior experience, ability
HSC 2021 PDHPE, Exam, Section II, Q30b
Q. How can characteristics of the
learner influence skill
acquisition? Use examples to support your answer. (5 marks)
HSC 2013 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q26
Q. Describe THREE characteristics
of a learner that can
influence his/her ability to learn a new skill. (4 marks)
DP13:

The learning environment
- Nature of the skill (open,
closed, gross, fine, discrete
serial, continuous, self-paced,
externally-paced)
- The performance elements
(decision-making, strategic
and tactical development
- Practice method (massed,
distributed, whole, part)
- Feedback (internal, external,
concurrent, delayed,
knowledge of results,
knowledge of performance)
HSC 2020 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q27
Q. Analyse how different types of
feedback affect a learner’s
progress through the stages of skill acquisition. Provide
examples to support your answer. (8 marks)
HSC 2016 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q24b
Q. Outline, using specific examples,
the types of feedback that
are appropriate at each stage of skill acquisition. (4 marks)
HSC 2015 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q28
Q. Why is it important for an athlete
to develop the elements of
performance? (8 marks)
DP14:

Assessment of skill and
performance
HSC 2018 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q26
Q. Evaluate how the characteristics
of a skilled performer can
be used to appraise elite performance. (7 marks)
-
-
-
Characteristics of skilled
performers, eg kinaesthetic
sense, anticipation,
consistency, technique
Objective and subjective
performance measures
Validity and reliability of tests
Personal versus prescribed
judging criteria
HSC 2016 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q25
Q. Using examples, distinguish between
valid tests and
reliable tests of athletic performance. (5 marks)
HSC 2015 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q27
Q. Why are both objective and subjective
performance
measures appropriate in the assessment of an athletic
performance? (5 marks)
HSC 2014 PDHPE, Exam, Section I, Q28
Q. How can the skill and performance
attributes of athletes be
validly and reliably appraised? (8 marks)