1
A REPORT
ON
EIGHT MONTHS SUPERVISED INDUSTRIAL TRAINING
AT
NAYAtel (PVT) Ltd
SESSION:
CLASS:
DEPARTMENT:
SUBMITTED BY:
REG ROLLNO:
2021-2022
B. TECH FINAL YEAR
ELECRTICAL
Muhammad Afzal
17PWDBTECE652
2
GOVERNENT COLLAGE OF TECHNOLOGY
PESHAWAR
DEPARTMENT OF B. TECH ELECTRICAL
Accredited with NAVTTC Islamabad Affiliated to UET, Peshawar.
APPROVAL CERTIFICATE.
Certified that this training report entitled “Eight Months Supervised Industrial Training”
submitted by Muhammad Afzal Student of Final Year B. Tech ELECTRICAL Government
College of Technology Peshawar for the award of B. Tech 4 Year Degree in Electrical
Technology is a record of training received by student at NAYAtel Peshawar PVT LTD.
FROM 11 MAY 2021 TO PRESENT.
Signature of Supervisor
Signature of Chairman
Signature of External
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The time I spent in NAYAtel Peshawar Pvt Ltd Company as intern from 11/05/2019 to Present
was a memorable one for me as it was rich in experience sharing and helped me discover my
potential. I have had so many rich experiences and opportunities that I personally believe will
forever shape and influence my professional life while fostering personal growth and
development.
My internship would not have possible without the contribution and collaboration of others.
My sincere gratitude:
To Almighty ALLAH who granted me health and long life, without which I could not have
finished this internship;
Engr: Shafaqat Aleem, Engr M. Luqman and Engr Miraj Afridi Tahir who is the coordinator
technical in Field and Office work in Company. They guide me through my Work with advice
and feedback despite his busy schedule.
special thanks to all my senior for sharing their experiences, time and commitment especially
during finishing my Work. I am grateful because I have a lot of expert employs in our company
who were always there for me to help and support me throughout the course of completing
the internship program.
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TABEL OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER……………………………………………………………..…………………………………………….……….1
INDRODUCATION OF NAYAtel (Pvt.) Ltd.
Vision…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..09
Values…………………………………………………………………………………...09
The Organization……………………………………………………………………………………………………….10
Nayatel Launches its FTTH Services in Peshawar……………………………………………………10
Service Portfolio………………………………………………………………………...11
Package details……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..12
Organizational Structures……………………………………………………………………………………………..13
Department Description………………………………………………………………………………………………14
CHAPTER…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2
LAYOUT OF NAYAtel POP
Data Center (POP)…………………………………………………………………………………………………….14
SFP (Small Form-Factor Pluggable)………………………………………………………………………………..15
GLCT (Graphical Local craft Terminal…………………………………………………………………………….15
What is EDFA………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..15
China EDFA (1*32 Port)………………………………………………………………..…16
Aries EDFA (1*20 Ports)………………………………………………………………………………………………..17
C-Core EDFA (1*16 Ports………………………………………………………………………………………………17
WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing)……………………………………………………………………18
Optical Splitters…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….18
ODF (Optical distribution Frame)…………………………………………………………………………………..20
Electrical Equipment’s IN DATA CENTER
Generators………………………………………………………………………………………….22
UPS………………………………………………………………………………………………………..28
Rectifiers……………………………………………………………………………………………22
Invertor………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….22
AC ( Air Condition)……………………………………………………………………….22
DELTA UPS……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..22
2.9ASR (Aggregation services Router)…………………………………………………………………………….23
CHAPTER….…………….…………………………..……………………………………………………………………….3
FIBER OPTIC CABLE
Attenuation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….26
Extrinsic Attenuation………………………………………………………………………………………………………26
Losses……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..26
Macro bending………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..27
Micro bending…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………28
Bandwidth……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...28
Transmitters…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...28
5
Receivers………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..28
Fiber Color Coding………………………………………………………………………………………………………….28
Underground Cable………………………………………………………………………………………………………..28
Cable Diameter………………………………………………………………………………………………………………29
Direct Buried Cable………………………………………………………………………………………………………..29
Duct Cable………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….29
Aerial Cable……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..29
Construction of Underground 144 Fiber Cable………………………………………………………….……30
Pitch Card……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..30
Binding Radius of Pith Card…………………………………………………………………………………………...30
Binding Radius of Fiber Optic cable……………………………………………………………………………....30
Connector……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..30
SC Connector…………………………………………………………………………………………….………………….30
FC Connector………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………….31
SC UPC………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….31
SC APC………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….31
FC UPC………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….31
FC APC………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….31
Optical link budgeting…………………………………………………………………………………………………..32

CHAPTER……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
TX-DEVOLEMPENT
Tools Kit………………………………………………………………………………...33
Tools…………………………………………………………………………………….36
Splice Machine……………………………………………………………………………………………………………37
Installation Of joint……………………………………………………………………...41
4-9 closer………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………….41
7-22 Closer…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….42
Branching using 7-22 joint……………………………………………………………………………………………..43
FTTH BPR…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………44
6
CHAPTER………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..05
TX-TESTING
Nayatel PON Testing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….45
Testing Devices and Equipment’s……………………………………………………………..46
Visual Fault Locator (VFL) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..46
PON Power meter…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………47
ORL Meter (ORL-55)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………48
OTDR…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….49
Patch Cord Testing………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..54
Adaptor Testing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….54
Splitter testing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...54
WDM Testing………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..54
Link Testing…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..55
Core/POP-POP Testing………………………………………………………………………………………………………….55
DC Testing………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….55
CHAPTER………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….06
TX-INSTALLATION
ONT (Optical Network Access)………………………………………………………………………………………………57
ONT Features………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..58
ONT Installation Step………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….59
ONT Replacements……………………………………………………………………………………...60
MY Work in Installation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………61
ONT Configuration……………………………………………………………………………………….62
Installation of ODF…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………62
Installation Of UPS……………………………………………………………………………..62
Confirmation of ONT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….62
Router………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7
Cable TV……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Installation of Telephone………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Customer Feedback………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
CHAPTER…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..07
TX-OPERATION AND MANTANINCE
Update CRM……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..63
Chekiang Compliant……………………………………………………….…..
144 Cable Cute Issue
Tracing Through OTDR………………………………………………………………………
Physically Tracing ………………………………………………………………………………
Take Picture in Problem Area………………………………………………
Checking Customer list…………………………………………………………………………
Installation of Joint………………………………………………………………………….….
Verify the Customer……………………………………………………………………………
Customer Complaint…………………………………...………………………..
Visit the Customer End…………………………………………………………………………
ONT Red (no Optical power) ………………………………………………………………
Cable Cute Issue……………………………….………………………………………
Installation of Mini BPRs………………………………………………………………………
Verify the Optical Power………………………………………………………………………
Customer Feedback Foam…………………………………………………………………….
Troubleshooting methods……………………………………………………………….
Low optical power of 1550nm or 1490nm
Bend in cable………………………………………………………………………….
Patch cord/WDM/Splitter faulty
Low power on one customer……………………………………………………………….
Low power on multiple customers of same DC…………………………………….
Low power on multiple DCs………………………………………………………
Bit errors on a PON………………………………………………………………………………
Major Cable cut……………………………………………………………………………………
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CHAPTER…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….01
Founded: 2004
No. of Office: 4
Products: Optical fiber broadband, Triple play (cable TV, telephony, broadband)
Headquarters: Islamabad, Pakistan
Founder: Wahaj us Siraj, Aqeel Khurshid & Saad Saleem
Industry: Telecommunications
Type: Pvt. Ltd.
Location: Islamabad, Pakistan
Parent: Wahaj us Siraj, Aqeel Khurshid & Saad Saleem
Number of employees: More than 2000
Phone: ISB +92 (051)-111 114 444
FSD Phone: FSD +92 (41) 111 11 44 44
PSH Phone: PSH +92 (91) 111 11 44 44
Address: Nayatel (Pvt) Ltd.73-E GD Arcade, Fazal-ul-Haq Road, Blue Area, Islamabad
UAN: 111 11 44 44 (Ext - 3)
Faisalabad Office: Nayatel, 14 Km, Sheikhupura Road, Near Gatwala Bridge, Faisalabad
Rawalpindi Office: Saeed Plaza, Plot No. 15, Adamjee Road, Opposite old Varan Bus Station,
Saddar, Rawalpindi
Islamabad Office: GD Arcade, 73-E Fazal ul Haq Road, Blue Area, Islamabad, 44000
Peshawar Office: Liberty Mall, Opposite Airport Runway Main University Road Peshawar.
Website: https://nayatel.com/
Wahaj us Siraj is CEO and co-founder of NayaTel (Pvt) Ltd, which has installed Pakistan's first
fiber to the home (FTTH) project in Islamabad in 2006-07 to provide voice, video and highspeed Internet access to business and home users.
Wahaj has vast experience in Internet and telecom industry and also worked with the
Government of Pakistan at policy making level. Wahaj is a founder member of ISPAK (Internet
Service Providers Association of Pakistan) and has been a strong activist for reforms in
Pakistani IT and Telecom industry.
This section contains information about organization, its vision, values, organogram and
departments.
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Vision
To become a role model of trust, set highest standards of quality and add value to the society.
Values
Values reflect those desired behaviors that must be incorporated in your personality and
enable you achieve our vision. Our values are:
Honesty
Mannerism
Simplicity
Sacrifice
Discipline
Knowledge
Hard work
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From a humble start with a team of 20 people, Nayatel today has a strong and vibrant team of
900 people with a strong organizational culture and top-notch talent, best ethical and
professional practices to deliver unmatchable services.
Nayatel fiber to the home (FTTH) networks have transformed Islamabad, Rawalpindi,
Faisalabad and Peshawar into one of the most connected and optically wired cities of the
world. Being truly customer centric, Nayatel has re- written the quality of service parameters
and set new quality standards aligned with customers' expectations and requirements.
Nayatel team constitutes of highly skilled, experienced and motivated professionals always
willing to go extra mile to serve its customers. With state-of-the-art network, innovative
services, and continuous improvements, Nayatel believes in fair and ethical business. This
combination makes Nayatel as most trusted and reliable telecom service provider in four
major cities of Pakistan.
After Islamabad, Rawalpindi and Faisalabad, Nayatel has launched its Fiber to the Home (FTTH)
services in Peshawar. According to the details, a formal launch ceremony was held at Pearl
Continental Hotel, Peshawar.
Governor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Mr. Shah Farman was the chief guest of the event.
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Nayatel provide a wide range of following telecom services in Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities
on Pakistan’s first FTTU network backed by personalized and 24x7x365 days technical support:
Public data and private network services including:
High speed IP and Premium Internet packages starting from;
3Mbps – 15 Mbps for Home users Internet.
Home Packages Corporate Packages
Cable TV
Cable Television (analog, digital, HD and 3D channels), video on demand and
Pakistan’s first and only High Definition TV (HDTV) services.
Basic Cable TV Digital Box Joy Box
Phone
Mobile Offer
Call Rewards
Cloud PBX
Voice Call Tariff
Fixed Line Telephony : POTS
Bandwidth on Demand
Avail up to 30 Mbps, 75 Mbps and 150 Mbps Internet Speeds with Unlimited
Downloads & Uploads using Bandwidth on Demand (BOD) Service. This service
gives you the control on your internet speed at affordable rates.
12
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Following are the departments in NTL and some departments also have sections:
Administration Department
Business Development
Core Department
Corporate & Legal Affairs Department
Creative Solution Department
Development Department: Civil Section, Patrolling Section
Electrical Department
Electronics Repair Department
Enterprise Solutions Department: Inter Connect & Revenue Assurance Section
Finance: SCM Section, Billing Section, Accounts Section
Human Resource Department
Internal Audit Department
Marketing Department
Managed Services Department: Network Support Section
Next Generation Networks Department16) Project Management
Quality Assurance Department: Process Assurance, Revenue Assurance
Sales: Outdoor Sales Section, Indoor Sales Section, Corporate Solutions Section, Managed
Cloud Services
System Department
Technical Assistant Center
Transmission Department: Installations Section, Operations & Maintenance Section, Planning
Section, Complaints Section, Quality Control Section, Cabling Section, Cable Pulling Section,
Cable Hanging Section etc.
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CHAPTER # 2
LAYOUT OF NAYAtel POP
VOLT :( Video Optical Line terminal)
15
SFP (Small Form-Factor Pluggable)
Media converter – Converts electrical signals to optical.
-to feed optical cable directly in to port, SFP is required.
-has different ranges and specs.
-A pair of SFP is required for transmitting and receiving data e.g If on one side we have SFP
that transmits 1490 and receives 1310 then on other side we must have SFT that transmits
1310 and receives 1490
GLCT (Graphical Local craft Terminal)
Media Converter.
-Used to convert Electrical Signals to Ethernet.
-As ASR and some devices don’t have Ethernet Ports
What is EDFA
An EDFA is an optical or IR repeater that amplifies a modulated laser beam directly, without
opto-electronic and electro-optical conversion. Generally speaking, it is an optical repeater
device that is used to boost the intensity of optical signals being carried through a fiber optic
communications system.
16
Working Principle of EDFA
EDFA serves as a kind of optical amplifier which is doped with the rare earth element erbium
so that the glass fiber can absorb light at one frequency and emit light at another frequency.
An external semiconductor laser couples light into the fiber at infrared wavelengths of either
980 or 1480 nanometers. This action excites the erbium atoms. Additional optical signals at
wavelengths between 1530 and 1620 nanometers enter the fiber and stimulate the excited
erbium atoms to emit photons at the same wavelength as the incoming signal. This action
amplifies a weak optical signal to a higher power, effecting a boost in the signal strength. The
following picture shows 13dBm output C-band 40 channels booster EDFA for DWDM Networks
TYPES OF POST AMPLIFIER
There are Different types of post Amplifiers are used in Nayatel POP
China EDFA (1*32 Port)
Aries EDFA (1*20 Ports)
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C-Core EDFA (1*16 Ports)
China EDFA
China EDFA Consists 1*32 ports
(input power 0 to 10dbm & Output Power 20.5dbm)
Power Rating 220 v
Arris EDFA
Arris EDFA consists of 1*20 ports
(input power 0 to 6dbm & Output Power 21dbm)
AC Power rating 220 v
C-core EDFA
C-Core EDFA consists of 1*16 ports
(input power -5 to +16dbm & Output Power 23.5dbm)
AC Power rating 220 v
18
WDM (WAVE LENTH Division MULTIPLEXING)
WDM is use to multiplex the signals. It simply couples the signals of two different fibers on
single fiber. It transmits 1550nm and 1490nm wavelength on the single fiber towards the ONT.
Also, it receives 1310nm from ONT and transmits it towards POLT and blocks it from travelling
towards VOLT
Optical Splitters
Optical fiber splitter is PON distribution Passive device which can Divide the optical power in a
communication system.
Fiber optic splitters enable a signal on an optical fiber to be distributed among two or more
fibers. Since splitters contain no electronics nor require power, they are an integral
component and widely used in most fiber optic networks.
Two types of Splitters
Fused Biconic Tapered (FBT) (1*2)
Planar Light wave Circuit (PLC) (1*4, 1*8, 1*16, 1*32, 1*64)
Planar Light wave Circuit (PLC) 1x8:
It has one input and eight output.
It split the light signal in the 8 way or in 8 directions.
Basically, we use 1x8 to Split the PON.
The phenomena of the light passing from inward and outward is same.
The effective thing in it is the LOSS.
In 1x8 the loss should not be more than 10.5dB
PLC splitters offer a better solution for applications where larger split configurations are
required. To achieve this, waveguides are fabricated using lithography onto a silica glass
substrate, which allows for routing specific percentages of light.
19
Fused Biconic Tapered (FBT)
1*2 splitter is constructed by the splicing of 2 fibers to create 1*2 splitter.
It has one input and two output.
It split the light signal in the 2 way or in 2 directions.
Basically, we use 1x2 to Split the PON.
The phenomena of the light passing from inward and outward is same.
The effective thing in it is the LOSS.
In 1x2 the loss should not be more than 3.5db.
FBT is the traditional technology in which two fibers are placed closely together and fused
together by applying heat.
It has 1 input and 2 output.
Optical loss is 3.5 dB
1*2 Splitter
20
1*64 Splitter
ODF (Optical distribution Frame)
ODF is used to terminate the end of the fiber optic cable or optical fiber and gives a removable
interface. It is installed in exchange. It is used for management of optical connections. It has
patch panels on which we can connect/disconnect fiber connectors. Fibers coming from OSP
are connected at the back of patch panel while fibers coming from within exchange (from
WDM) are connected on the front side of patch panel.
There are two types of ODF’s Used by Nayatel
OMX 800
OMX 600
Where 800 and 600 shows the width in mm.
21
OMX-600 ODF
Both type of ODFs have same numbers of patching panels which is 6.
• Numbers of ports for each ODF are as follows:
OMX-600 96 ports / panel
OMX-800 ODF
OMX-800 144 ports / panel
22
Electrical Power Unit
There are three types of electrical power unit installed in every POP
Electrical Generator (outside POP)
UPS
Rectifier
Inverters
Electrical Power Generator
During cutoff WAPDA supply power generator also used in Pop
Currently two generators installed which is used for (pop and new Peshawar Pop) and other all
pops we used PTCL power during cutoff WAPDA.
POP (Installed Generator Power (50kva)
Peshawar POP (Installed Generator Power (50kva)
UPS
Ups also used in every POPs for backup power so there are different types of ups installed
whish are categorized by out power
UPS BATTERY BANK
One Bank of ups is consisting of 04 Stung
One stung is consists of (8 battery which are connected in series and each battery is 12v and
5ah)
so final Output of all four Battery Bank is (192v ,40Ah)
Battery bank can increase or decrease with
for desire output power
01 ups * 04 Bank
01 Bank * 04 Stung
Inverters
inverter and static switches, combined with our DC power systems, provide a modular UPS for
AC power backup. During normal operation, the system can operate in economy mode in
which the energy efficiency of the total installation can be optimized .
DELTA UPS: The Digital IGBT powered True On-line, double conversion UPS that provides continuous, clean
& regulated power for critical AC loads. Designed specifically for the process control, IT Data
Centers and industrial applications.
Electricity consumption of POP.
Running load of per phase approximately
27 Amp So total load of three phase
3 * 27 = 81 amp so total power
p= v * I
p = 220*81 p= 17820
power= 17.8 kw
23
Air conditioners also installed in every POP to maintain the cooling temperature of active
devices which are in, stalled in each Pop.
ASR (Aggregation services Router)
-Main Core routers
-All Services aggregate here and are then routed towards their destinations.
-Act as a gateway to send Nayatel traffic to outside world.
-Contains all the routes and implement routing protocols.
-Core routers are the backbone of any network.
-2 Processing/Management cards in our routers.
ASR port Reading
ASR Port # 0/0/0/0
1st 0 Represent ASR rack#
2nd 0 Represent 1st slot (8 slot in one ASR rack)
3rd 0 Represent card # (2 card can installed in one slot)
4th 0 Represent card port # (two types of can installed in one slot (4 ports card each port
support 10GigSFP and 20 port card each port support 1Gig SFP).
0 1 2 3 RCP0 RCP1 4
5 6 7
24
25
CHAPTER………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….03
Fiber optic
Nayatel currently uses Corning’s G652.d Single mode fiber. All testing parameters are thus are
set in accordance with this standard. G652.d is a low water peak optic fiber element. IOR at
1310nm and 1550nm is 1.467 and 1.468 respectively
let’s begin by first describing the fiber construction. There are glass fibers and plastic fibers
of many sizes, which we will discuss shortly. The plastic fibers are not used as much as glass
fibers are for the communications industry. Let’s focus on the glass fibers commonly used
today. A glass fiber is made up of a core, which is where the communication signal of light is
transferred; the core can be of different sizes, depending on the specific mode for which it’s to
be used. We will discuss the two modes used today, multi-mode cores commonly used are
50µ (micron), 62.5µ and single-mode cores commonly used are 8.3µ, 9µ in diameter.
The core is surrounded by cladding which is also glass the cladding outside diameter for both
multimode and single mode fibers is 125µ the core and cladding are manufactured as one, by
a method known as the vapor disposition process to put these sizes into perspective, compare
them to a human hair, which is approximately 70 µm or 0.003 inch.
26
ATTENUATION
Attenuation is the loss of power. During transmission light signals lose some of their energy.
The attenuation is specified in dB/km (decibels per kilometer).
Fiber per kilometer loss
Wavelength
Loss
1490nm
1550nm
1310nm
0.24dB
0.20dB
0.33dB
EXTRINSIC ATTENUATION
The second category of attenuation is extrinsic attenuation. Extrinsic attenuation can be
caused by two external mechanisms: macro bend or micro bend. Both cause a reduction of
optical power.
Losses
Losses can be introduced in the fiber due to a number of reasons some of them are:
Splice losses
Adaptor/Connector Losses
Bending losses include:
Micro Bending
Macro bending
Splitter Losses in case of passive network.
fibe
r,
strai
n is
plac
ed
on
the
fibe
r
alon
g
the
27
Macro bend
If a bend is imposed on an optical
region that is bent. As a result, light traveling in the core can refract out, and loss accurse.
The rule of thumb for minimum bend radius is 1 ½” for bare, single-mode fiber; 10 times the
cable’s outside diameter (O.D.) for non-armored cable; and 15 times the
Micro bend
The second extrinsic cause of attenuation is a micro bend. This is a small-scale distortion,
generally indicative of pressure on fiber cable. Micro bend will cause a reduction of optical
power in the glass.
28
Bandwidth
Bandwidth is the information carrying capacity of a multimode fiber normally specified in units
of MHz· Km. this is called the bandwidth distance product or, more commonly bandwidth. The
amount of information that can be transmitted over any medium changes according to
distance.
System bandwidth is measured in megahertz (MHz) at one Km. When a system’s bandwidth
200 MHz-Km, it means that 200 million pulses of light per second will travel down 1 Km of
fiber.
Transmitter
An optical transmitter generates the signal piped through the optical fiber cable.
A fiber optic system can transmit analog signals (a signal that varies continuously), Analog
signals have frequency and bandwidth measured in hertz. And digital signals (Encoded as a
signal in discreet levels, typically binary) .
RECEIVERS
The receiver is just as important to the fiber optic system as the light source or transmitter,
and the fiber optic cable. Fiber optic receivers come in many varieties from packaged photo
detectors to hi-tech systems that process a weak signal to allow accurate, high speed
transmission
The cost of a fiber optic system is increasingly becoming more inexpensive, also fibers high
bandwidth capability and its distance advantage over copper makes fiber more attractive
every day.
Fiber Color Coding
Blue, Orange, Green, Brown, Slite, White, Red, Black, Yellow, Violet, Rose, Aqua
There is some major and minor type of cable used in Peshawar Nayatel area.
2 Fiber, 4 Fiber, 8 fiber, 12 Fiber, 24 Fiber, 48 fiber, 72 Fiber, 96 Fiber, 144 Fiber.
Fiber Cable Types
Direct Buried Cable
Duct Cable
Ariel Cable
29
Duct Cable
It consists of the following parts:
CSM (Central Strength Member)
Water Blocking Yarn
Jelly filled Loose Tubes (with fiber)
Binding Yarns
Water Blocking Tape
HDPE Outer Sheath.
Ariel Cable
It consists of following parts:
Jelly filled loose tube
Water Blocking Tape
Co-Polymer Corrugated Steel
Steel Wires
HDPE Outer Sheath.
Pulling Tension of Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber Number
2 To 12
24 To 48
48 To 144
Cable Diameter
Pulling tension
1200 N.F
1500 N.F
3000 N.F
Unit
Newton force
Newton force
Newton force
30
It consists of the following parts:
(Constructing of Underground144 Fiber Cable)
HDPE Outer Sheath
Co-Polymer Corrugated Steel Tape
Flooding Compound
LDPE inner Sheath
Rip Cord
Water Blocking Yarn
Water Blocking Tape
Identification Tape
Binding Yarns
Jelly filled Loose Tubes (with fibers)
CSM (Central Strength Member).
Pitch Card
. A patch cord is a cable having connectors on its both ends
Type of patch cord depends on the connectors of patching devices
 SC-APC to SCAPC
 SC-APC to LCAPC
 SC-UPC to SCUPC
SC-APC to SCAPC
LC-UPC to LCUPC
31
Binding Radius of Pith Card is 35mm.
Connector
Following types of connectors are used in Nayatel.
SC type connectors
Square Type Ceramic ferrule type connector
Push pull operation simplifies the operation
Available in APC and UPC end faces
LC type Connectors
Small form factor connector
Used where more connectors are needed in a small place
Available in both APC and UPC end faces
Optical Link Budgeting
1310 power
P-OLT V-OLT
WDM
ODF
NAP
Distribution cabinet
ONT
32
33
CHAPTER……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………04
The Toolkit issued to field staff consists of following components.
Tool Box
Good quality water proof and shock proof tool box is necessary to carry and the tools.
Heavy Duty Cable Cutter
Heavy duty cable cutter is a tool which is used to cut or separate the cable.
Pliers (Combination + Nose)
This tool is used for multiple tasks specially to grip or twist the cable. wire of any part of
Side Cutter
Side cutter is a tool used to cut the steel wires and CSM etc.
Hammer
This tool is use to drive the nails during installation of ODF and ducting etc.
Screw Driver Set
This Screw driver set have the 7 options screw drivers which is used to drives the screws in
joint closures, ONT, ODF etc.
Electric Tester
It is used to check the availability of voltage.
Allen Key Set
This set have the 10 optional hex a dimension L Type Keys which is use to tie or untie the L Key
Type Screws.
34
Watch Maker Set
This set contains multi option small size screw drivers which is used to driver the screw on ODF
adapters and maintenance of Splice Machines and Cleavers.
Alpha Cutter
Alpha cutter is used to cut the binding yarns, water blocking yarns and Kevlar etc.
Hacksaw
This tool is used to cut the cable entry points of joint closures.
Round Cutter
This tool is used to make a round cut at cable outer jacket.
Heavy Duty Sheath Stripper
It is a specially manufactured tool which is used to strip the outer hard (HDPE) jacket from the
fiber optics cable, this tool has the ability to make a round as well as diagonal cut on the outer
sheath of cable.
35
Optical Fiber access tool
Optical Fiber Access Tool (OFAT) is designed to split a buffer tube to expose the fibers inside
without damaging them.
Optical fiber Access tool has 2 sides (A-B) for Incise the tube.
A Side:
Use for 8fiber’s tube
B Side: use for 12fiber’s tube.
Loose Tube Cutter
This tool is used to cut the loose tube with damaging the fibers inside the tube.
Fiber Stripper
This tool is used to strip the buffer coating of the fiber during the splicing process.
Cleaver
This is a highly accurate tool which is used to cut the fiber very gently at the angle of 90
degrees for splicing.
36
Tools
Drill Machine (with Hammering Function is preferred)
Drill Bit for Concrete (5mm Size)
Rawal Plugs
Wooden Screws (steel screws are not recommended)
Flat Hammer (Medium Size)
Screw Driver
Measuring Tape
Leveling Meter
Hacksaw Blade
Right angle Ruler
Lead Pencil
37
Introduction
SPLICE MACHINE:
Use for Splice two fiber to each other
a). Always use in its own case in case of travel from one place to another place.
b).Use at level surface, you can use its stand which is provided with its case.
c).Always cleans it before and after use.
d).Always Perform diagnose test as per routine usage on daily or weekly basis etc).
Maintain its other accessories (Battery, Cleaver, Cords etc.) clean.
Operating Instructions:
a).First you should know in which conditions Machine can be operate.
b).Always Open Window of Machine when Ready Message shown in Title on Screen.
c). When Machine in Ready condition check Splice Mode and Heater mode for which fiber and
Protector
sleave you are using
Machine Operational Settings:
Turn ON the Splice Machine (You will see Following Menus)
Machine has Five different Settings Menu Which are:
1. Splice Menu
2. Heater Menu
3. Setting Menu
4. Maintenance Menu 1
5. Maintenance Menu 2
38
It is small in size and light in weight, making it suitable for any operating environment. It is
easy to operate and it splices fast while maintaining low splice
loss. In order to achieve the splicer’s full capabilities, read the following important information.
Splice mode
Use [SM] splice mode for standard SM fiber (ITU-T G.652) splicing. It completes in 9 seconds
and is the quickest mode for SM fiber splicing.
Use [AUTO] splice mode if fiber type is not identified.
Splice takes longer but it covers most conventional fibers splicing for following reasons
[AUTO] mode first identifies fiber type by analyzing fiber profile, and then unique
splicing condition is chosen for the type of fiber. The types of fibers covered by
[AUTO] are all the conventional fibers, such as SMF (G652), NZDSF (G655), MMF (G651), etc.
The [AUTO] modes takes longer for the above processes but is recommended in fiber type is
not sure.
[AUTO] mode comes with automatic arc calibration function, which observes the
splicing process and feedback adequate heat power information to the next splice
Automatic arc calibration function.
39
This function calibrates the arc power at every splice. When the automatic arc calibration
function is enabled, performing the [Arc calibration] function before a splice operation is not
necessary. The automatic arc calibration function works in AUTO modes only. It doesn’t work
in the standard splice modes. When using those modes, performing [Arc calibration] before
splicing is strongly recommended.
Standard sleeve 60mm length 40mm length.
Coating of the fiber during the splicing process.
Primary coat stripper
Fiber cleaving tools
This is a highly accurate tool which is used to cut the fiber very gently at the angle of 90
degrees for splicing.
Lint Free Alcoholic
These Alcoholic used for clearing the fiber upper coating t the striped issues are used to clean
Point of the splice procedure
Striping
Cleaving
Cleaning
Heating
Striping
Striping the fiber upper coating through the striper tool cleaving cleaning.
Splicing process through machine
40
41
JOINTS USING IN PESHAWAR
Two Types of Joint
4-9
7-22
4-9 Joint
WEIGHT & SIZE of 4-9 joint
4-inch Width and 9-inch length
Height 118 mm
Weight 2.4 kg
Closure Content
Cable strain reliefs incl. grounding
Cable entry wedges/ End Cap
Sealing tape
Half-shell sealing
Cleaning tissue
Bolts for cable entry
Dummy plug
Wrapping gauge
Grounding bolts
Earthing lead.
42
Installation instructions
Specification of 4-9 joint
Made by Poland
2 inlet and 2 outlets
Inlet and outlet diameter are 22mm
No. of MFT splice tray Up to 7
No. of splice per MFT 24
Total splice capacity 168
Uses of 4-9 joint
Straight joint
Branching
Uncut less then 48F.
7-22 joint
1. 7-inch Width and 22-inch length interior
2. Made by Corning
3. Closure Content
4. Closure canister
5. End cap
6. Splice tray holder
7. Sealing tape
8. Clamping ring
9. Sealing ring
10. Strain relief / grounding for central member
11. Cleaning tissue
12. Cover for upper splice tray
13. Gauge / wrench
14. Cable clamps/ Hose clamp
15. Double clamps for main cable
16. Grounding screws
17. Lubricant
18. Brush
19. Closing screws for end cap
20. Installation instructions Closure Content
43
BRANCHING SET FOR CABLE ENTRIES
Sealing
Hose clamp
Pressure screw
Closing screw
Washer
Bracket, 1-way strain relief
Strain relief / Earthling lead
2 inlets and 4 outlets
Diameters of 2 inlets is 22mm
And diameters of 4 outlets is 18mm
Specification of 4-9 joint
CONTEN
No. of MFT splice tray Up to 8
No. of splice per MFT 24
T
Total splice capacity 192
Uses of 4-9 joint
Straight joint
Branching
7-22 JOINT
We can use/enter 8F, 12F, 48F, 72F, and 144F in 7-22 (not 2F)
4-9 JOINT
In 4-9 joint we can enter 8F, 12F, 48F, 72F, and 144F.
Uncut 48F to 144F Cable Optical Fiber access tool Introduction of OFAT
Optical Fiber Access Tool (OFAT) is designed to split a buffer tube to expose the fibers inside
without damaging them.
Optical fiber Access tool has 2 sides (A-B) for Incise the tube.
A Side: Use for 8fiber’s tube.
B Side: use for 12fiber’s tube.
BPR (Branch point referbresher )
There are two type of BPR FTTH and China
FTTH BPR mostly use for hanging Network
China BPR use for direct buried or underground network.
F
44
FTTH BPR
• Open lose and open the inlet and outlet screw
• Open the BPR Enclosure
Lose and Open the Endcap
Distribution cabinet (DC)
Distribution Cabinet (DC) provide the connection
between fiber optic cables and optical splitters in the outside plant segment of the network.
Cabinet has not involved in dc less network DC less network called JS (joint splitter) network
Unassembled Splitter install in Joints in Peshawar Using JS network
Distribution cabinet Consist of
12 Bolts
4 Cups
Splice Tray (up to 2)
Splicing up to 09
Cable Entry Mix 12
Dc installation & testing
Proper Concrete base
Installation of Dc (cabinet)
Screws
Assembled Splitter installation
Splicing with 3.5mm pig for splitter In
Dummy Power
Testing power with PON meter
Power Range should be in
(1550= +2 to -8) & (1490= -6 to -28)
Tracing from POP end with OTDR
45
CHAPTER……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………05
ABSTRACT
This document focuses on standard testing procedures to be followed by Nayatel teams in
Field, lab environment and POPs. Testing of Optical network has its importance in operations
as well as maintenance. Manual includes optical equipment handling and troubleshooting in
addition to optimization and scheduled testing of Nayatel network. In order to understand in
detail Fiber Optics testing principles and practices, it is assumed that the reader has
Nayatel PON Testing
Wavelengths used in our network are:
1310nm for uplink.
1490nm for downlink.
1550nm for video broadcast.
Preferred Testing wavelength: 1625nm
Below is the diagram showing the optimum low loss windows for optic fiber transmission.
The wavelengths used in Nayatel network lie in the 2nd and 3rd window.
PON has one additional feature of splitters in the access network. Splitters used in our
network are PLC (1*8 and 1*32) and FBT (1*2).
Standard Loss for a 1*2 splitter is 3.5dB. A 3dB loss for light split and 0.5dB caters the splice
and connector loss on both sides. Splitter losses found in testing cannot exceed:
1x2 < 3.5dB
1x8 < 10.5dB
1x16 < 14.0dB
1x32 < 17.5dB
1x64 < 21.0dB
46
POLT
VOLT
Specialized equipment is for FTTX/PON testing, OTDR and power meters have specialized PON
modules for this purpose.
TESTING DEVICES AND EQUIPMEN
Visual Fault Locator (VFL)
VFL sends visible red light at 635 to 650nm in fiber. As the name suggests it makes
the fault visible in fiber. For single mode
the range is 7Km at max. Comes with a standard 2.5mm ferrule. It is simple to operate:
Uncap the VFL and insert a clean connector to its tip gently.
Push/Click the button at the end of the VFL and it starts sending red light into attached fiber.
Light will leak at:
Bad splice
Sharp bend
Fiber break/damage
Can be used for continuity testing.
For physically testing (Splitter 1*8, 1*2) WDM, Fiber Spool
For troubleshooting
Mini ODF to NAP
NAP to DC
DC to Joint
POP to Joint
VFL can be used for Fiber identification purposes as well. It transmits power at 1mW or 0dBm.
Handling of VFL
Check the battery
Clean the ferule of VFL at every time with cotton swap and alcohol, otherwise it will
decrease the dynamic range.
Don’t see direct in VFL in live state though naked eye. The laser can cause a permanent
damage to your eyes.
47
The VFL emits a bright red laser beam, connect it to one end of a red light then locate that
fiber at the other end, Simple perform End-to-End Connectivity check.
PON Power meter:
The FTTH PON power meter is used to measure signals upstream (1310nm) from the ONT and
downstream (1490nm & 1550nm) from the OLT in FTTH/PON networks.
KEY FEATURE
Measure three wavelengths (1310/1490nm/1550nm) simultaneously .
Fast reading and settling time
Large LCD screen with backlight.
FUNCTION
Six calibration wavelengths available when tested as Normal OPM (1310,1490,1550)
VFL Function for quick and efficient fault identification. VFL (1mW)
10 different threshold sets.
His unit runs on 3 AAA batteries, and has 10-minute shutdown feature.
1- At POP
Testing, POP handling and O&M uses PON meters in POP. Same procedure has to be adapted
as discussed before. It’s noted that 1490nm and 1550nm readings are correct even if ONT side
is not connected.
48
ORL Meter (ORL-55)
Testing team is equipped with a JDSU’s ORL-55.
It has the following functions, combined in one handle
:
Laser source
Power Meter
Return loss meter
By using the “device mode” button these functions can be used. The source and power
meters are the same as discussed above, this device can measure the ORL of the attached
media (fiber, connectors, adaptors etc.). “Store” button is used to save the readings either
power or ORL reading.
By pressing the “Menu Enter” button meter gives three options:
ORL is calculated by the amount of light reflected back. For APC type connectors ORL must be
more than 50 dB and in case of UPC type terminations it must be more than 40dB. Span ORL of
PON from POP to customer end can never be less than 32dB (in any case).
4.5. OTDR
49
OTDR Display
Basic operational principal
50
Basic principles
Optical Time Domain Reflect meter is provided to testing, O&M and development teams.
Testing team uses the EXFO’s FTB1 PON OTDR this section will focus on this particular
model. It plots the Loss in dB on x-axis and length on y-axis (it is the same as time axis as speed
of light is constant)
OTDR works on Fresnel reflections and Rayleigh scattering principles. Reflective events are
measured on Fresnel reflections and losses on Rayleigh scattering principles. So, events in an
OTDR can be:
i. Loss
ii. Reflective
iii. Loss and reflective
Splices in a joint closure are the examples of Loss non-reflective events. Mechanical splices
also create reflective events. Adaptors are the examples of reflective and loss events.
In addition to events OTDR also measures Attenuation in dB/Km.
51
Key Properties of an OTDR for PON Testing:
Pulse Width: pulse width is the amount of time that the OTDR laser is turned on, the longer
the laser is turned on, the lighter (or higher power) that is injected into the fiber to test a given
span. It is typically measured in nanoseconds (ns) or microseconds (us) with a range of about
5ns to 20us available on most OTDRs today. Pulse width is directly related to the resolution
(event dead zone) of events in a trace, more the pulse width lesser will be the resolution and
vice versa. Shorter pw is used to focus on events nearer to the testing end.
Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Pulse width
5ns
10ns
30ns
100ns
275ns
20us
Resolution
.5m
1m
3m
10m
52
Wavelength: A multi-wavelength OTDR is needed and a good rule of thumb is to test at all
wavelength windows that will be transmitted in the system (i.e. if 1310nm and 1550nm will be
present, then both should be tested). Ideally, we would test at 1310nm, 1490nm, 1550nm and
1625nm. Using different wavelengths enable us to differentiate between micro bends and
losses.
Dead zone: Dead zone is the amount of distance that an OTDR takes to recover from an
event.
Dynamic Range: Distance range is also known as display range. It limits the amount of fiber
that will be displayed on the screen. Many OTDRs have automatic length detection functions,
but if the length is known, the user can set the range manually the distance range must be
approximately 25% longer than the fiber to be tested
.
Linearity/Recovery: Since the loss of pure fiber (no splices, connectors, macro bends, etc.)
should be consistent, the OTDR should display a straight line with a slope equal to the loss (or
attenuation) of the fiber.
53
OTDR MODES
Auto Mode
Manual Mode
Real Mode
Optical Equipment Testing in Lab environment
No optical equipment can be used in field without testing. It is the responsibility of testing
team to test the following and then return to SCM.
Patch cords (in DC, customer end and POP)
Adaptors (for Splitters, WDMs, direct patching and ODF)
Splitters (both before and after arrangement in boxes)
WDMs (after installation in POPs)
Patch Cord Testing
Equipment:
Fresh patch cord (SC-APC to SC-APC) =2No’s
Adaptors =2No’s
Source Meter
Power Meter
Pen Cleaner
Swabs
Alcohol
Now, insert a new patch cord in these referred patch cords.
54
Adaptor Testing
Adaptors are used in splitter boxes, WDM boxes, ODFs and for direct patching. The acceptable
values of IL and reflection for adaptors are as follows:
UPC (ultra-polish connect):
IL<0.5dB, Reflections<-45
APC (angular polish connector):
IL<0.5dB, Reflections<-55
Standard procedure for adaptor testing is according to the following steps
Splitter testing
Splitters are a compulsory part of Passive network, with the addition of Huawei OLT Nayatel
has the capability of splitting each PON port up to 128 times. Currently in POPs and cabinets
following splitter boxes are installed:
1x2 < 3.5dB
1x4 < 7dB
1x8 < 10.5dB
1x16 < 14.0dB
1x32 < 17.5dB
1x64 < 21.0dB
Every Splitter has to be tested twice once on arrival from vendor and again after assembling in
splitter boxes by development team.
WDM Testing
WDMs are arranged in local made WDM boxes and are splice to pigtails by development team.
Development than installs them in POPs ODF and asks testing team to test them through an
OSP improvement form.
Equipment Required:
Source meter
Power Meter
Cleaning Kit
55
Link Testing
Fiber links are tested by Testing team and a detailed record I maintained. Depending on the
nature of link the testing procedure varies. Following are some testing methods of different
kinds of links:
Core/POP-POP Testing
Nayatel has a core ring of 144 fibers connecting various POPs in a ring topology. Cantt. POP is
connected to S-town through two different routes and all others are connected through one
single ring.
Testing team is responsible for the testing of core fibers on demand of POP handling or
development team or for maintenance purposes. Core cables are used for providing data link
between POPs for
Video feeding and backup.
Access department (For egresses redundancies)
Core department (For core router uplinks)
Dark fiber links.
DC Testing
DC Main Fiber Testing:
After installation of the new DC the development team.
The development team forward the following details about the new DC which is under test.
Branch cable detail
Number of fibers.
ODF port
8F,12F joint address of the DC
Dc keys
DC location Address
Equipment's:
OTDR, cleaning swabs, Alcohol dispenser, Patch cords/spools, Adaptors, tagging
machine/tagging tape (black), PON meter
DC Main Fiber Tagging:
We have to tag the new DC main fiber which consist of the following details
Fiber number
ODF port
POP
8F/12F Joint Address Tag:
Joint address
Fiber 8F/12F.
56
Activities with O&M and Development, DC Shifting and down-time
Testing team is also required to help and support other teams during down time and cable cut
incidents. O&M and development team may require testing assistance during fiber
identification and working on joints. Cable cuts location and confirmation after repairing is
done by using OTDR in real mode. Real mode is a special feature of OTDR also called as “Live
Tracing”. In this mode OTDR does not plot the trace for a fixed time rather it displays the live
condition of fiber attached.
GLOSSARY
DC:
POP:
OLTS:
EDFA:
FBT:
IOR:
WDM:
OTDR:
QC:
SCM:
ODF:
OSF:
NAP:
BPR:
OLT:
ONT:
ORL:
BPON:
GPON:
PLC:
VFL:
Distribution Cabinet
Point of Presence
Optical Loss Test Set (Source + Power meter)
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier
Fused Biconical Taper
Index of Refraction
Wavelength Division Multiplexer PW: Pulse Width
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer
Quality Control
Supply Chain Management
Optical Distribution Frame
Outside plant
Network acess point
Branch pointer Refurbisher
Optical line Terminal
Optical Network Terminal
Optical Return Loss
Broadband Passive Optical Network
Gigabit Passive Optical Network
Planar Light wave Circuit
Visual Fault Locator
57
CHAPTER…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6
ONT (Optical Network Terminal)
In optical network terminal (ONT) is a media gateway that converts optical signals (Light
Signals) to electrical / RF Signals. This device is required at Customer premises to terminate
optical fiber; hence this device play a vital role in provisioning of FTTU Triple Play services
(Internet, Basic Cable TV and Telephone). NAYAtel offers Huawei EG8247H5, for provisioning
of FTTU Triple Play services.
58
ONT Features
Ethernet; internet/Data Services
Built in Wi-Fi
2 Telephones POTS
RF Video: Basic Cable TV
USB: Digital Data Communication
Ethernet: internet/Data Services
Ethernet is used for data transfer in a local area network (LAN). ONT uses Ethernet ports to
provide end users with connectivity to internet/VPNs/Voice and Data network. Ethernet cable
commonly comprised of UTS cables with RJ 45 connector at both ends.
Built in Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi antenna is used to provide end user with the wireless access to internet. This feature is
available in Huawei EG8247H5. the signals strength of these Wi-Fi Antenna is enough to cover
a single average size floor.
59
ONT Installation Steps
60
To calculate the Optical Power a Loss Measurement formula can be used
ONT Replacement
If the ONT at customer premises starts malfunctioning and ONT is declared faulty, the ONT has
to be replaced with a new one. Once you have replaced it, the new ONT will show a Green
blinking PON light. Call the access department and provide them the following information
Inform about ONT replacement.
NTL number and User ID of the customer.
Faulty ONT Serial number.
New ONT Serial number.
OLT name (Optional).
Ideal time for replacement of ONT is 3 to 5 minutes. When Access dept. has replaced the ONT,
it should show a Green stable PON light. Now you can proceed with services check.
61
62
Configuration
In this type of configuration, Access Department configures the ONT after the installation.
When the ONT is installed and powered on, the PON light should be Green Blinking. This
means that the ONT is not configured and it should be sending an alarm to its respective
OLT. An ONT with PON light in Green Blinking state is waiting to be configured.
The
procedure for configuration is as follows. Procedure
Call the Access department now and provide them the following information:
NTL number and User ID of the customer
ONT Serial number
OLT name
OLT card number and PON port number (Optional)
The ideal configuration time is the same, which means that ONT will be configured in 5 to 10
minutes. Once the configuration is done the PON light should turn Green Stable.
Now you
can proceed for services check.
63
CHAPTER…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
TX-OPERATION AND MANTANINCE
Update CRM
Chekiang Compliant
144 Cable Cute Issue
Update CRM
Chekiang Compliant
144 Cable Cute Issue
Tracing Through OTDR
Physically Tracing
Take Picture in Problem Area
Checking Customer list
Installation of Joint
Verify the Customer
Customer Complaint
Visit the Customer End
ONT Red (no Optical power)
Cable Cute Issue
Installation of Mini BPRs
Verify the Optical Power
Customer Feedback Foam
Troubleshooting methods
Low optical power of 1550nm or 1490nm
Bend in cable
Patch cord/WDM/Splitter faulty
Low power on one customer
Low power on multiple customers of same DC
Low power on multiple DCs
Bit errors on a PON
Major Cable cut
Operation and Maintenance team also look for these issue and things
Tracing Through OTDR
Physically
Take Picture in Problem Area
Checking Customer list
Installation of Joint
Verify the Customer
Customer Complaint
Visit the Customer End
64
ONT Red (no Optical power
Cable Cute Issue
Installation of Mini BPRs
Verify the Optical Power
Customer Feedback Foam
Troubleshooting methods
Low optical power of 1550nm or 1490nm
Bend in cable
Patch cord/WDM/Splitter faulty
Low power on one customer
Low power on multiple customers of same DC
Low power on multiple DCs
Bit errors on a PON
Working of Operation and Maintenance Department
Basically, Operation and Maintenance team are looking for customer complaint and
Emergency cable cut situations.
Customer Complaint
In case of customer complaint, customer call to Access Tag department about his services
complaint. Then Access tag generate a T.T (In which all detail of customer available) and send
it to operation and maintenance team of concerned city. O&M department receive the T.T and
check all the data from CRM (customer relationship Management) and then take a time form
customer for visit, and after resolution of all services, O&M team in last also update the T.T
and paste all the concerned comments and close the T.T. If there is issue from customer end,
then operation department also charge the customer as per company SOP.
Emergency Cable Cut
When there is major cable cut issue occurs then NOC (Network operation center) receive an
alarm about the outage of multiple customers. NOC inform O&M team about such outage.
O&M team take a data from CRM and with the help of OTDR we found the location for outage
and after its team visit to location and check all scenario and take a help of other department,
like Pulling, hanging, plaining and testing etc. And in last give ETTR time to NOC for completion
of the work and then proceed for further work. After completion of all the work, O&M team
should verify each PON (Passive optical Network) form Access TAC and in last inform NOC for
closing the emergency activity.
After all work done, O&M gives RFO (Reason for outage) to NOC with specified reason.
Insurance claim report preparation is also the work of O&M team. O&M team prepare the
Performa include all the used items costs + GST tax.
65
During cable cut issue in phase # 01
66
144 cable cut issue resolve
During office work
67
Wirehouse of Nayatel
288 fiber pulling
Durring Leading The Team
68
Durring Installation
In POP
Durring Training