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Семестр: 5
KROK_1 MED
Опис:
3 year MEDICINE 2007-2019
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Перелік питань:
A smear of sputum from the patient with suspected lobar pneumonia was stained with the use of the
following stains and reagents: solution of gentian violet (crystal violet), Lugol solution, 96o alcohol,
water magenta. What staining method was applied in this case?
Gram
Ziehl-Nielsen
Romanovsky
Neisser
Leffler
A child entering the school for the first time was given Mantoux test in order to determine if there
was a need for revaccination. The reaction was negative. What is the meaning of this test result?
No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
Availability of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
No antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
No anti-toxic immunity to tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed some gram-negative
bean-shaped bacteria located in the leukocytes. They can be identified as the causative agent of the
following disease:
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Chancroid
Trichomoniasis
A patient with suspected dysentery has been admitted to the infectious diseases hospital. Which basic
method of laboratory diagnosis must be applied in the first place?
Bacteriological
Serological
Allergic
Biological
Microscopic
A 12-year-old boy has been hospitalized for suspected food poisoning. The fecal samples were
inoculated on the Endo agar, which resulted in growth of a large number of colorless colonies. What
microorganism is most likely to be EXCLUDED from the list of possible causative agents of the
disease?
Escherichia coli
Salmonella enteritidis
Proteus vulgaris
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Yersinia enterocolitica
A child with suspected tuberculosis was given Mantoux test. After 24 hours the site of the allergen
injection got swollen, hyperemic and painful. What are the main components that determine such
response of the body?
Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG
C.
D.
E.
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Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
B-lymphocytes, IgM
Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo's agar
Ploskyrev's agar
Sabouraud's agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
Tuberculin
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are
visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Botulism clostridia
Diphtheroids
Streptococci
Streptobacilli
It is known that infectious type B hepatitis is a systemic disease caused by the type B hepatitis virus
and characterized by a predominant liver affection. Choose from the below given list the drugs for
the etiotropic therapy of this infection:
Acyclovir
Penicillin
Tetracycline
Sulfanilamides
Fluoroquinolones
Antibiotics can be classified according to various principles. According to the action mechanism
cephalosporins relate to the following group:
Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
Inhibitors of protein synthesis
Inhibitors of respiratory processes
Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorilation
Inhibitors of cytoplasmic membrane synthesis
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
B.
Staphylococcus aureus
C.
D.
E.
13.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pyogene
Examination of air state in hospital was done by method of sedimentation. It revealed 5 small
roundish colonies with zone of hemolysis around them. Inoculations were made on the following
cultural medium:
Blood agar
Endo agar
Meat infusion agar
Egg yolk and salt agar
Levin agar
A female patient has been treated with antibiotics for a long time. Thereafter examination of smears
form vaginal secretion revealed oval cells with well-defined nucleus, some cells gemmate. What
preparations can help to confirm the diagnosis +ACI-candidosis+ACI-?
Antifungal
Antibacterial
Antichlamydial
Antiviral
Antiprotozoal
One of mass production drugs is produced by inactivation of bacterial exotoxin by formalin. What is
this drug for?
For active immunization
For serodiagnostic assay
For passive immunization
For toxinemia treatment
For immunocorrection
A patient is suspected to have the typhoid fever. What method of laboratory diagnostics would be the
most appropriate for confirmation of this diagnosis in the first week of disease?
Hemoculture identification
Urine culture identification
Myeloculture identification
Biliculture identification
Coproculture identification
Inoculation of chicken embryos is the main method of detection of influenza virus. In order to
neutralize associated bacterial flora in the material under examination (nasopharyngeal lavage) it is
necessary to add beforehand:
Antibiotics
Eubiotics
Fluorescent serum
Leukocytic interferon
Ant-influenza gamma globulin
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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E.
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Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
E.
19.
Streptococcus pyogenes
During bacteriological analysis of solutions prepared in a pharmacy some red colonies with metallic
glitter have grown on Endo agar. What microbes were revealed?
Escherichia
Shigella
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Salmonella
Medical examination of a dairymaid revealed affection of the locomotive system, vision impairment,
disorder of the nervous and other systems. To confirm the diagnosis the patient was referred for a
serological assay (Wright+IBk-s reaction) and Burnet's skin allergy test. What was the provisional
diagnosis?
Brucellosis
Tularemia
Anthrax
Rheumatism
Leptospirosis
During a survey of the sanitary state of an environment object perfringens titre was determined. What
object was studied?
Soil
Outdoor air
Water from an open water reservoir
Tap water
Indoor hospital air
+BB4-n bacteriological examination of the defecation of +BDA- 4-months-old b+BDA-b+BEMwith the symptoms of acute bowel infection there were revealed red colonies spread +BFY-n the
large quantity +BFY-n the Endo medium. What microorganism +BEEEMA-n it b+BDU-?
Escherichia
Staphylococcus
Salmonella
Shigella
Streptococcus
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological
laboratory. The material was used for preparing a +ACI-hanging drop+ACI- specimen. What type of
microscopy will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility?
Phase-contrast microscopy
Electron microscopy
Immune and electron microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Immersion microscopy
Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum
in order to determine blood titer to the shigella. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
Reaction of passive hemagglutination (IHT)
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Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation reaction
Hemolysis reaction
Bacteriolysis reaction
25.
A hospitalized patient bitten by a rabid animal has an avulsive wound of shin. What kind of vaccine
must be given to prevent rabies?
Anti-rabies vaccine
DTaP
Td
BCG
TABte
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis B
Virus of hepatitis A
Virus of hepatitis E
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
The examination of blood serum of +BDA- patient with immunodeficiency signs revealed antibodies
to gp120 - gp 41 proteins. Mhe presence of what infection of this patient does it confirm?
HIV-infection
ECHO-infection
HLMV-l-infection
TORCH-infection
HBV-infection
Quite often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infection involvement, when the
causative agents propagate directly in the cells of immune system and destroy it. The following
diseases are characterized by:
Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis
Poliomyelitis, type A hepatitis
Dysentery, cholera
Q-febris, epidemic typhus
HIV has gp41 and gp120 on its surface interacts with target cells of an organism. Which of the
following human lymphocyte antigens is gp120 complementary bound with?
CD 4
CD 3
CD 8
CD 19
CD 28
Blood serum of a newborn contains antibodies to measles virus. What kind of immunity is this
indicative of?
Natural active
Natural passive
Artificial passive
Artificial active
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36.
Heredoimmunity
A smear of sputum from the patient with suspected lobar pneumonia was stained with the use of the
following stains and reagents: solution of crystal violet, iodin, 96o alcohol, water, fucsin. What
method of staining was applied in this case?
Gram
Neisser
Buri
Zielh-Neelsen
Robinson
A smear of sputum from the patient with suspected lobar pneumonia was stained with the use of the
following stains and reagents: solution of crystal violet, iodin, 96o alcohol, water, fucsin. What
staining method was applied in this case?
Gram
Neisser
Buri
Zielh-Neelsen
Loeffler
Quite often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infection involvement, when the
causative agents propagate directly in the cells of immune system and destroy it. The following
diseases are characterized by:
Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis
Poliomyelitis, type A hepatitis
Dysentery, cholera
Q-febris, epidemic typhus
It is planned to use the territory of an old cattle burial ground (which is not used for more than 50
years) for building houses. But ground analysis revealed presence of the pathogen of the very
dangerous illness. Which of the indicated microorgonisms is likely to remain in the ground for such
a long time?
Bacillus anthracis
Francisella tularensis
Brucella abortus
Yersinia pestis
Mycobacterium bovis
From the nasopharynx of a 5-year-old child it was excreted amicroorganism which is identical to
Corynebacterium diphtheriae dose according to morphological and biochemical signs.Microorganism
does not produce exotoxin. As a result of what process can this microorganism become toxigenic?
Phage conversion
Cultivation in the telluric environment
Passing through the organism of the sensative animals
Growing with antitoxic serum
Chromosome mutation
While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by
Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14
regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent
of the following disease:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
37.
Syphilis
Trypanosomiasis
Leptospirosis
Relapsing fever
Leishmaniasis
Sanitary bacteriological research on water by the membrane filter method revealed two red colonies
on a membrane filter (Endo agar) through which 500 ml of analyzed water were passed. Calculate the
coli index and coli titer of the analyzed water:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
38.
4 and 250
2 and 500
250 and 4
500 and 2
250 and 2
While examining a patient an otolaryngologist noticed hyperaemia and significantly edematous
tonsils with a grayish film upon them. Microscopical examination of this film revealed some grampositive bacilli placed at an angle with each other. What disease might be suspected?
Diphtheria
Angina
Scarlet fever
Meningococcal nasopharyngitis
Epidemic parotitis
Patient with vomiting, dizziness, sensation of dubble vision, difficult swallowing was admitted to the
hospital. Doctor suspects botulism. What diagnostic methods should be used for diagnosis
approving?
Biological test, bacteriological
Allergic test, serological
Bacteriological, mycological
Protozoological, microscopical
Allergic test
A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were
localised on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Prescribe combine antibiotic therapy
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctor's supervision
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
In a patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency the number and functional activity of T and B
lymphocytes are not changed. Defect with dysfunction of antigen-presentation to the
immunocompetent cells was found during investigation on the molecule level. Defect of what cells
is the most probable?
Macrophages, monocytes
Т-lymphocytes, В-lymphocytes
NK-cells
Fibroblasts, Т-lymphocytes, В-lymphocytes
0-lymphocytes
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B.
C.
D.
E.
39.
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40.
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C.
D.
E.
41.
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D.
E.
42.
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D.
E.
43.
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B.
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D.
E.
44.
A. *
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E.
45.
A. *
B.
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E.
46.
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B.
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E.
47.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
A patient with complaints of 3-day-long fever, general weakness, loss of appetite came to visit the
infectionist. The doctor suspected enteric fever. Which method of laboratory diagnosis is the best to
confirm the diagnosis?
Detachment of blood culture
Detachment of myeloculture
Detachment of feces culture
Detachment of urine culture
Detachment of pure culture
A consumptive patient has an open pulmonary form of disease. Choose what sputum staining should
be selected for finding out the tubercle (Koch's) bacillus?
Method of Ziel-Neelsen
Method of Romanowsky-Giemsa
Method of Gram
Method of Neisser
Method of Burry-Gins
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis B
Virus of hepatitis A
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Virus of hepatitis E
A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for
toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal
(R)CFT- Reiter's complement fixation test
IFA - Immunofluorescence assay
Immunoblot analysis
RDHA - Reverse direct hemagglutination assay
RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay
On bacteriological study of rinsing water of the patient with food poisoning, the pure bacterial
culture was inoculated with the following properties: gram-negative motile bacillus in the Endo
environment grows like achromic colony. Representative of what genus has caused the illness?
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Escherichia
Citrobacter
The person was selling "homemade pork" sausages on the market. State sanitary inspector suspected
falcification of the sausages.With help of what serological immune reaction can food substance be
identified?
Precipitation test
Indirect hemagglutination test
Agglutination test
Immunofluorescence test
Complement- fixation test
48.
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D.
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D.
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50.
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D.
E.
53.
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B.
C.
D.
While registering the child to the school Mantu's test was made to define whether revaccination was
needed test result is negative. What does this result of the test mean?
Absence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Presence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Absence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
Absence of antitoxic immunity to the tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
The donor who for a long time didn't donate the blood was investigated with IFA method. Anti-HBs
antibodies were revealed. What does positive result of IFA in this case mean?
Previous hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis В
Chronic hepatitis С
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed gram-negative bacteria
looking like coffee beans. They were localized in the leukocytes and could decompose glucose to
acid. These are the causative agents of the following disease:
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
Veneral lymphogranulomatosis
Soft chancre
Melioidosis
Scraps of the mycelium of a fungus, spores, air bubbles and fat drops were discovered on
microscopy of the patient's hair excluded from the infected areas. For what fungus disease is this
microscopic picture characteristic?
Favus
Microspory
Trichophytosis
Epidermophytosis
Sporotrichosis
In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a
thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother's milk as well as in a new-laid hen's egg. It is
known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
Lysozyme
Complement
Interferon
Interleukin
Imanine
Study of bacteriological sputum specimens stained by the Ziel-Neelsen method revealed some brightred acid-resistant bacilli that were found in groups or singularly. When inoculated onto the nutrient
media, the signs of their growth show up on the 10-15 day. These bacteria relate to the following
family:
Micobacterium tuberculosis
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Histoplasma dubrosii
Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
E.
54.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
55.
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C.
D.
E.
56.
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C.
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E.
57.
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C.
D.
E.
58.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
59.
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B.
C.
Coxiella burnettii
A man was admitted to the hospital on the 5th day of disease that manifested itself by jaundice,
muscle aching, chill, nose bleedings. In course of laboratory diagnostics a bacteriologist performed
dark-field microscopy of the patient's blood drop. Name a causative agent of this disease:
Leptospira interrogans
Borrelia dutlonii
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Bartonella bacilloformis
Rickettsia mooseri
Gramnegative bin-shaped diplococcus inside and outside of leucocytes were detected on
bacteriological examination of the purulent exudates from the cervix of the uterus. Name the
causative agent of purulent inflammation of the cervix of the uterus.
Neisseria gonorroeae
Chlamidia trachomatis
Haemophilus vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Patient with diarrhoea was admitted to the infection unit. Gramnegative curved rod-like bacteria were
founded on bacterioscopic examination of faecal masses. What is the most likely disease in this
patient?
A
Cholera
B
Typhoid fever
C
Salmonellosis gastroenteritis
D
Diphtheria
E
Intestinal form of plague
In a 2-year-old child with catarrhal presentations and skin rash a pediatrician suspected scarlet fever.
The child was given intracutaneously a small dose of serum antibody to the streptococcal
erythrogenic toxin; on the site of injection the rash disappeared. What do the reaction results mean?
The clinical diagnosis was confirmed
The child has hypersensitivity to the erythrogenic toxin
The disease wasn't caused by haemolytic streptococcus
The whole serum dose may be injected intravenously
The child has very weak immune system
From the defecation of a 6-year-old ill child, who has artificial feeding, the intestinal bacillus with
antigen structure 0-111 is excreted. What is the diagnosis?
Coli-enteritis
Gastroenteritis
Cholera-like diseasis
Food poisoning
Disentery-like diseasis
For serological diagnostics of the whooping cough it was made large-scale reaction with
parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of
Bordetella parapertussis grain-like sediment formed. What antibodies have this reaction revealed?
Agglutinins
Precipitins
Opsonins
D.
E.
60.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
61.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
62.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
63.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
64.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bacteriolysins
Antitoxins
A man died from an acute infectious disease accompanied by fever, jaundice haemorrhagic rash on
the skin and mucous membranes as well as by acute renal insufficiency. Histological examination of
renal tissue (stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method revealed some convoluted bacteria looking like
C und S letters. What bacteria were revealed?
Leptospira
Treponema
Spirilla
Borrelia
Campilobacteria
A 16 y.o. boy from a countryside entered an educational establishment. Scheduled Mantoux test
revealed that the boy had negative reaction. What are the most reasonable actions in this case?
To perform BCG vaccination
To repeat the reaction in a month
To perform serodiagnostics of tuberculosis
To isolate the boy temporarily from his mates
To perform rapid Price diagnostics
Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in
the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from
the colonies contain irregular-shaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and
catalase-positive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was
isolated?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient's tongue revealed oval, round,
elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?
Candidosis
Actinomycosis
Streptococcic infection
Staphylococcic infection
Diphtheria
From pharynx of a child with suspected diphtheria a pure culture of microorganisms was isolated.
Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be typical for
diphtheria causative agents. What study should be conducted in order to drow a conclusion that this is
a pathogenic diphtheria bacillus?
Estimation of toxigenic properties
Estimation of proteolytic properties
Estimation of urease activity
Estimation of cystinous activity
Estimation of ability to decompose starch
65.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
66.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
67.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
68.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
69.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
70.
A. *
B.
C.
Examination of a child revealed some whitish spots looking like coagulated milk on the mucous
membrane of his cheeks and tongue. Analysis of smears revealed gram-positive oval yeast-like cells.
What causative agents are they?
Candida
Staphylococci
Diphtheria bacillus
Actinomycetes
Fusobacteria
Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom
sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies
surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive
cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient?
Streptococci
Micrococci
Staphylococci
Tetracocci
Sarcina
On bacteriological examination of the defecation of a 4-months-old baby with the symptoms of acute
bowel infection there were revealed red colonies spread in the large quantity in the Endo medium.
What microorganism can it be?
Escherichia
Salmonella
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Shigella
Bacteriological examination of a patient with food poisoning required inoculation of a pure culture
of bacteria with the following properties: gram-negative movable bacillus that grows n the Endo
medium in form of colourless colonies. A representative of which species caused this disease?
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Esherichia
Citrobacter
Examination of a young man in the AIDS centre produced a positive result of immune-enzyme assay
with HIV antigens. Patient's complaints about state of his health were absent. What can the positive
result of immune-enzyme assay be evidence of?
HIV infection
Being ill with AIDS
Being infected with HBV
Having had AIDS recently
HBV persistence
Microscopy of stained (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) smears taken from the sputum of a patient with
chronic pulmonary disease revealed red bacilli. What property of tuberculous bacillus was shown up?
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
Alcohol resistance
D.
E.
71.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
72.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
73.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
74.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
75.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
76.
Capsule formation
Sporification
Reaction of passive hemagglutination conducted with erythrocytic typhoid Vi-diagnosticum helped
to reveal some antibodies in the dilution of the patient's serum at a ratio of 1:80 that exceeds the
diagnostic titer. Such result witnesses of:
Being a potential carrier of typhoid bacilli
Being ill with acute typhoid fever
Typhoid fever recurrence
Incubation period of typhoid fever
Reconvalescence of a patient ill with typhoid fever
In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with
antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medium. There were also inoculated a
microbal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture
under examination produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of:
Precipitin lines
Haemolysis zones
Zones of diffuse opacification
Zones of lecithovitellinous activity
Precipitin ring
A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated with Levomycetin, the next day his condition
became worse, temperature rised to 39,6 о С. What caused worthening?
The effect of endotoxin agent
Allergic reaction
Irresponsiveness of an agent to the levomycetin
Secondary infection addition
Reinfection
In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were
inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into the
center and moistened with antidiphtheric antitoxic serum. After incubation of inoculations in agar the
strip-like areas of medium turbidity were found between separate cultures and the strip of filter paper.
What immunological reaction was conducted?
Precipitation gel reaction
Coomb's test
Agglutination reaction
Rings precipitation reaction
Opsonization reaction
A patient with clinical signs of encephalitis was delivered to the infectious diseases hospital.
Anamnesis registers a tick bite. Hemagglutination-inhibition reaction helped to reveal antibodies to
the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis in the dilution 1:20 which is not diagnostic. What
actions should the doctor take after he had got such result?
To repeat the examination with serum taken 10 days later
To examine the same serum
To apply more sensitive reaction
To repeat examination with another diagnosticum
To deny diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis
The first grade pupils were examined in order to sort out children for tuberculosis revaccination.
What test was applied for this purpose?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
77.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
78.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
79.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
80.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
81.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Mantoux test
Schick test
Supracutaneous tularin test
Burnet test
Anthraxine test
Clinical diagnosis of a female patient was gonorrhoea. What examination method can be applied for
confirmation of this diagnosis?
Microscopy of pathological material
Infection of laboratory animals
Test with bacteriophage
Hemagglutination reaction
Immobilization reaction
A patient suffering from periodical attacks caused by inhalation of different flavoring substances was
diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma. IgE level was increased. This is typical for the following
type of reactions:
Anaphylactic reactions
Cytotoxic reactions
Immunocomplex reactions
delayed-type hypersensitivity
Autoimmune reactions
Bacteriological laboratory examines canned meat whether it contains botulinum toxin. For this
purpose an extract of test specimen and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types were
introducted to a group of mice under examination; a control group of mice got the extract without
antibotulinic serum. What serological reaction was applied?
Neutralization
Precipitation
Complement binding
Opsono-phagocytic
Double immune diffusion
For the purpose of retrtospective diagnostics of recent bacterial dysentery it was decided to perform
serological examination of blood serum in order to determine antibody titer towards Shiga bacilli.
What of the following reactions should be applied?
Passive hemagglutination
Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation
Hemolysis
Bacteriolysis
During the repeated Widal agglutination test it was noticed that the ratio of antibody titers and Oantigens S. typhi in the patient's serum had increased from 1:100 to 1:400. How would you interpret
these results?
The patient has typhoid fever
The patient is an acute carrier of typhoid microbes
The patient is a chronic carrier of typhoid microbs
The patient previously had typhoid fever
The patient was previously vaccinated against typhoid fever
82.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
83.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
84.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
85.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
86.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
87.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative
agent. What is such infection form called?
Reinfection
Recidivation
Superinfection
Persisting infection
Chronic infection
A 10-year-old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm
in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed
after the tuberculin injection?
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
Arthus phenomenon
Seroreaction
Atopic reaction
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
A patient with clinical presentations of immunodeficiency went through immunological
examinations. They revealed significant loss of cells that form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. What
conclusion can be made according to the analysis data?
Decrease of T-lymphocytes rate
Decrease of B-lymphocytes rate
Decrease of natural killer cell rate
Decrease of complement system rate
Insufficiency of effector cells of humoral immunity
As a result of durative antibiotic therapy a 37-year old patient developed intestinal dysbacteriosis.
What type of drugs should be used in order to normalize intestinal microflora?
Eubiotics
Sulfanilamides
Bacteriophages
Autovaccines
Vitamins
Among junior children of an orphanage an outbreak of intestinal infection with signs of colienteritis
was registered. In order to identify isolated causative agent it is necessary to:
Study antigenic properties of the causative agent
To determine sensitivity to antibiotics
To study sensitivity to bacteriophages
To study biochemical properties of the causative agent
To study virulence of the causative agent
Urine examination of a patient with acute cystitis revealed leukocytes and a lot of gram-negative
bacilli. Inoculation resulted in growth of colonies of mucous nature that formed green soluble
pigment. What microorganism is the most probable cause of the disease?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherihia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella enteritidis
88.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
89.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
90.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
91.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
92.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
93.
A. *
B.
C.
A laboratory received a material from a patient's wound. Preliminary diagnosis is gaseous gangrene.
What microbiological method should be applied to determine species of causative agent?
Bacteriological
Allergic
Bacterioscopic
Serological
RIA
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses)
taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza". What quick test will allow to reveal
specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
Agglutination test
Hemagglutination inhibition assay
Radioimmunoassay
ELISA
In the surgical department of a hospital there was an outbreak of hospital infection that showed itself
in often postoperative wound abscesses. Bacteriological examination of pus revealed Staphylococcus.
What examination shall be conducted to find out the source of this causative agent among the
department personnel?
Phagotyping
Microscopical examination
Serological identification
Estimation of antibiotic susceptibility
Biochemical identification
A 7 year old child often suffers from streprococcal angina. Doctor suspected development of
rheumatism and administered serological examination. The provisional diagnosis will be most
probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcal antigen:
O-streptolysin
C-carbohydrate
M-protein
Erythrogenic toxin
Capsular polysaccharide
A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of sucking mouse were infected with an inoculum
taken from a child with provisional diagnosis "enterovirus infection". There was no cytopathic effect
on the cell culture but mouse sucking died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this
child?
Coxsackie A
Coxsackie B
ECHO virus
Polioviruses
Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71
A patient has been suffering from elevated temperature and attacks of typical cough for 10 days.
Doctor administered inoculation of mucus from the patient's nasopharynx on the agar. What
microorganism is presumed?
Pertussis bacillus
Pfeiffer's bacillus
Listeria
D.
E.
94.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
95.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
96.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
97.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
98.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
99.
A. *
B.
Klebsiella
Staphylococcus
A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part
of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteriological examination of urine revealed gramnegative oxidase-positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell.
What causative agent can it be?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus mirabilis
E.coli
Str.pyogenes
Mycoplasma pneumonie
A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 month after it her condition became worse
because of reaction of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading part in
this reaction?
T-killers
Interleukin-1
Natural killers
B-lymphocytes
T-helpers
Microscopical examination of a microbal culture revealed fusiform spore-forming microorganisms
that get violet-blue Gram stain. What microorganisms were revealed?
Clostridia
Streptococci
Spirochaete
Actinomycete
Diplococci
A specimen stained by Ozheshko method contains rod-like microorganisms stained blue with round
terminal components stained red. What are these components called?
Spores
Cilia
Flagella
Capsules
Mesosomas
During the regular sanitary-epidemiological inspection of a pharmacy, the bacteriological analysis of
air was performed. The air was found to have bacilli, yeast fungi, hemolytic streptococci, micrococci.
Which of the detected microorganisms indicate the direct epidemic danger?
Haemolytic streptococci
Micrococci
Bacilli
Yeast fungi
Sarcina
A bacteriological laboratory received sputum sample of a patient suffering from tuberculosis.
Bacterioscopic examination of smears and detection of tuberculosis bacillus can be realized by one of
enrichment methods that involves processing of sputum only with solution of caustic soda. What is
this method called?
Homogenization
Inactivation
C.
D.
E.
100.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
101.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
102.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
103.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
104.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
105.
A. *
B.
Flotation
Filtration
Neutralization
A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a
number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative
of?
Of primary infection
Of a chronic process
The woman is healthy
Of exacerbation of a chronic disease
Of recurring infection with rubella virus
A 65-year-old man has purulent abscess on his neck. Analyses revealed a culture of gram-positive
cocci with plasmocoagulase activity. This culture relates most likely to:
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Material taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza" was referred to a laboratory. For
virological examination the hemadsorption reaction was applied. This reaction can be applied for
detection of the following viruses:
Viruses containing hemagglutinins
All the simple viruses
All the complex viruses
DNA-genomic viruses
Any viruses
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are
visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Botulism clostridia
Diphtheroids
Streptococci
Streptobacilli
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of "white spots" - zones of enamel
demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus agalactia
Streptococcus pyogenes
Veilonella parvula
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberculosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
C.
D.
E.
106.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
107.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
108.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
109.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
110.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
111.
A. *
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
TABTe
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo agar
Ploskyrev agar
Sabouraud agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological
laboratory. The material was used for preparing a "hanging drop" specimen. What type of
microscopy will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility?
Phase-contrast microscopy
Electron microscopy
Immune and electron microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Immersion microscopy
In the surgical ward, the dressing material was undergoing sterilization in an autoclave. Through an
oversight of a nurse the mode of sterilization was changed and the temperature in the autoclave
reached only 100?C instead of the due 120?C. What microorganisms can stay viable under these
conditions?
Bacilli and clostridia
Staphylococci and streptococci
Mold and yeast fungi
Salmonella and klebsiella
Corynebacteria and mycobacteria
In course of long-term treatment of an infectious patient with penicillin, the pathogen transformed
into the L-form. What changes occur in the pathogen cell in case of L-transformation?
Absence of a cell wall
Absence of flagella
Absence of a capsule
Absence of a spore
Absence of inclusions
There are areas where humans or animals are exposed to the constant risk of contracting certain types
of bacteria. What feature of these bacteria is responsible for their long viability in the soil?
Spore formation
Capsule formation
Ability to multiply in the plant remains
Thick cell wall
Plasmids
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
B.
C.
D.
E.
112.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
113.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
114.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
115.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
116.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
117.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
The causative agent of botulism causes severe food poisoning. Specify the most characteristic
morphological feature of botulism causative agent:
Gram-positive bacillus with subterminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-spore-forming bacillus
Gram-positive bacillus with terminal spore
Thin mobile bacillus with central spore
Thick gram-positive bacillus without spores and flagella
Microbiological analysis of medicinal raw materials revealed capsular bacteria. What stain method
was used to detect the capsules?
Burry-Gins
Ziehl-Neelsen
Neisser
Gram
Ozheshko
Bacterioscopic examination of chancre material revealed some mobile, long, convoluted
microorganisms with 8-12 regular coils. These features are typical for:
Treponema
Borrellia
Leptospira
Vibrios
Campylobacter
Infectious agents of various ultrastructures can be etiological agents of infectious diseases. Which of
the groups named below HAS NO cellular structure, protein synthesizing, enzyme and energy
systems?
Viruses
Fungi
Bacteria
Protozoa
Rickettsia
What method of sterilization should be used during the liquid media containing proteins?
Filtering
Boiling
Gas sterilization
Autoclaving
Pasteurization
Meat peptone broth is prepared for sterilization in bateriological laboratory. What sterilization
method is advisable?
Autoclaving
Ignition
Boiling
Filtering
Dry heat
118.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
119.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
120.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
121.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
122.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
123.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
124.
A. *
A patient has a necrotizing phlegmon of his lower extremity. A doctor suspects a gas gangrene.
Microscopy reveals Gram-positive bacilli. In order to confirm the diagnosis further bacteriological
tests should include inoculation of the material into the following nutrient medium:
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Endo agar
Levine agar
Meat-peptone agar
Milk-salt agar
Bacteria eventually become resistant to antibacterial agents. Resistance of gram-positive bacteria to
penicillin antibiotics is caused by:
Beta-lactamase production
Permeability of the cell wall
Active synthesis of peptidoglycan
Active transport of antibiotic
Protein synthesis
Which one of the listed substances causes formation of acquired artificial passive immunity?
Tetanus toxoid
BCG
MMR
DPT
TABTe
It is necessary to carry out preventive vaccination of a student group because of an occurrence of
diphtheria. Which preparation should be used for the creation of the artificial active immunity?
Diphtheria toxoid
Specific immunoglobulin
DTP vaccine
Inactivated bacteria vaccine
Anti-diphtheria serum
For the specific prevention of influenza, the employees of an enterprise were vaccinated with
"Influvac". What type of immunity will develop in the body of the vaccinated?
Artificial active
Innate congenital
Artificial passive
Natural active
Natural passive
Dysbiosis can be treated with drugs that contain living representatives of normal microflora as well
as their metabolic products. Select the microorganisms that are used for the production of such drugs:
Bifidum bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
Proteus
Providencia
Yersinia
A 26-year-old female patient with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a
causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
Doxycycline
B.
C.
D.
E.
125.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
126.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
127.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
128.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
129.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
130.
Interferon
BCG vaccine
Ambroxol
Dexamethasone
What condition may develop 15-30 minutes after re-administration of the antigen as a result of the
increased level of antibodies, mainly IgE, that are adsorbed on the surface of target cells, namely
tissue basophils (mast cells) and blood basophils?
Anaphylaxis
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immune complex hyperresponsiveness
Serum sickness
10 days after having quinsy caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus a 6-year-old child exhibited
symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What mechanism of glomerular lesion is most likely in this case?
Immunocomplex
Cellular cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxis
Atopy
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
6 hours after the initial inoculation of water sample into 1% peptone water, the growth of a culture in
form of a thin pellicle on the medium surface was registered. Such cultural properties are typical for
the causative agent of the following disease:
Cholera
Plague
Tuberculosis
Dysentery
Pseudotuberculosis
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
Microbiological purity of tabulated drugs had been tested at factory. Samples cultivation in mannitol
salt agar resulted in growth of golden-yellow colonies, microscopic examination of colonies detected
Gram-positive globular bacteria positioned in clusters; microorganisms had plasma coagulation
properties. What pure bacterial culture was obtained?
Staphylococcus aureus.
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Microbiological studies of air in the pharmacy room revealed the presence of pathogenic
staphylococci. Select the medium in which you can detect the lecithinase activity of the isolated
microorganism:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
131.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
132.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
133.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
134.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
135.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
136.
A. *
Yolk-salt agar
Blood agar
Bismuth sulfite agar
Sugar agar
Meat-extract agar
There is a suspicion of active tuberculosis development in patient. The doctor has appointed Mantoux
test to make a diagnosis. What immunobiological agent has to be administered?
Tuberculin
BCG vaccine
DPT vaccine
Tularin
DT vaccine
A smear from the tonsillar coating of a patient with suspected diphtheria was found to contain blue
bacilli with a thickening at the poles. What method of smear staining was used?
Leffler
Burri
Hins
Gram
Neisser
A young woman suddenly developed fever up to 39oC accompanied by a strong headache.
Examination revealed marked nuchal rigidity. Spinal puncture was performed. Gram-stained smear
of cerebrospinal fluid contained many neutrophils and Gram-negative diplococci. What bacteria
could be the cause of this disease?
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Botulism agent causes severe food toxicoinfection. Point out the most characteristic morphologic
feature of botulism agent.
Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli with subterminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-sporeforming bacilli
Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli with terminal spore
Thin mobile spore-forming bacilli with central spore
Thick gram-negative non-sporeforming bacilli
The causative agent of tetanus causes severe disease. Specify the most characteristic morphological
feature of tetanus causative agent:
Gram-positive bacillus with terminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-spore-forming bacillus
Gram-positive bacillus with subterminal spore
Thin mobile bacillus with central spore
Thick gram-positive bacillus without spores and flagella
A bacteriological laboratory studied the home-made dried fish which had caused a severe food
poisoning. Microscopy of the culture grown on the Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms
resembling a tennis racket. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Botulism
B.
C.
D.
E.
137.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
138.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
139.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
140.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
141.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
142.
A. *
B.
C.
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Dysentery
Typhoid fever
Quite often, the soil may contain a number of pathogenic microorganisms. The causative agents of
the following disease may stay viable in the soil for a long time:
Anthrax
Diphtheria
Viral hepatitis
Pertussis
Dysentery
A patient presents with fever, chill and cough. From his sputum the ovoid Gram-negative bipolarstained bacilli with a delicate capsule were isolated. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Plague
Tuberculosis
Leptospirosis
Brucellosis
Toxoplasmosis
For cultivation of Brucella pure cultures should be incubated in CO2 enriched atmosphere. What type
of breathing is typical for Brucella?
Capnophilic
Facultative anaerobic
Obligate anaerobic
Obligate aerobic
Any
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of botulism. What serological reaction
should be used to reveal botulinum toxin?
Neutralization reaction
Agglutination reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation reaction
Immunofluorescence test
In a village, a case of anthrax had been registered. Medical services began epidemiologically
indicated specific prophylaxis of population against anthrax. What preparation was used for this
purpose?
Live vaccine
Inactivated vaccine
Chemical vaccine
Genetically engineered vaccine
Anatoxin
A 55-year-old patient with a characteristic rash, fever, dizziness has been admitted to a hospital. He
has been provisionally diagnosed with typhus. No similar cases have been reported. In his youth (15
years old) the patient suffered typhus in a boarding school. What disease is it?
Brill disease
Typhoid fever
Measles
D.
E.
143.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
144.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
145.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
146.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
147.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
148.
Rubella
Cholera
The laboratory for especially dangerous infections conducts microscopic examination of pathological
material from a patient with suspected plague. The sample was stained by Burri-Gins technique.
What property of the causative agent can be identified by this technique?
Capsule formation
Spore formation
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
Presence of volutin granules
A child cut his leg with a piece of glass while playing and was brought to the clinic for the injection
of tetanus toxoid. In order to prevent the development of anaphylactic shock the serum was
administered by Bezredka method. What mechanism underlies this method of desensitization of the
body?
Binding of IgE fixed to the mast cells
Blocking the mediator synthesis in the mast cells
Stimulation of immune tolerance to the antigen
Stimulation of the synthesis of antigenspecific IgG
Binding of IgE receptors to the mast cells
A 32-year-old patient undergoing dental examination was found to have some rash-like lesions
resembling secondary syphilis in the oral cavity. The patient was referred for the serological study
with the purpose of diagnosis confirmation. In order to detect antibodies in the serum, living
Treponema were used as diagnosticum. What serological test was performed?
Immobilization
Neutralization
Complement binding
Precipitation
Passive hemagglutination
Examination of a 27-year-old donor who had not donated blood for a long time revealed HBs
antibodies detected by ELISA method. In this case, the positive ELISA results indicate that the
donor:
Had hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis C
Has chronic hepatitis B
Has chronic hepatitis C
In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man
presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of antirabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:
Attenuated
Inactivated
Molecular
Toxoids
Synthetic
RNA-containing viruses that cause tumors in animals, genetic information can be transmitted in the
opposite direction from the RNA to the DNA via a specific enzyme. The enzyme of reverse
transcription is called:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
149.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
150.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
151.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
152.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
153.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Reverse transcriptase
DNA polymerase
Ligase
Primase
Topoisomerase
A petient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction
based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidise or alkaline
phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological
reaction?
Immune-enzyme analysis
Radioimmunoassay technique
Immunofluorescence test
Bordet-Gengou test
Antigen-binding assay
A 3-year-old child has continuous fever, lymph nodes are enlarged, the amount of lymphocytes in
blood is significantly increased. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed antigen of
Epstein-Barr virus. What diagnosis can be made based on the information given above?
Infectious mononucleosis
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Herpetic lymphadenopathy
Generalized infection caused by
Cytomegalovirus infection
Hepatitis B is diagnosed through laboratory tests that determine the presence of HBV-DNA in blood
serum of the patient. What reference method is applied for this purpose?
Polymerase chain reaction
Hybridization method
Hybridization signal amplification
Ligase chain reaction method
ELISA diagnostic method
An outbreak of an intestinal infection occurred in a kindergarten on the eve of New Year holidays.
Bacteriological examination of patients’ faeces didn’t reveal any pathogenic bacteria.
Electronmicroscopy revealed roundish structures with clear outer edges and a thick core resembling a
wheel. Specify the most likely causative agent of this infection:
Rotavirus
Adenovirus
Coxsacki-virus
E. coli
P. vulgaris
A hospitalized patient bitten by a rabid animal has an avulsive wound of shin. What kind of vaccine
must be given to prevent rabies?
Anti-rabies vaccine
DTaP
Td
BCG
TABte
154.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
155.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
156.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
157.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
158.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
159.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
160.
A patient has been admitted to the infectious diseases department for malaise, fever up to 38oC,
jaundice. A few months ago, the patient underwent blood transfusion. The doctor suspected viral
hepatitis B. What are the principal methods of laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B?
Serological and gene diagnostics
Virus isolation in cell culture and its identification by the cytopathic effects
Detection of virions in blood by electron microscopy
Isolation of the virus in laboratory animals (neutralization reaction)
Isolation of the virus in chicken embryos
In our country, routine preventive vaccinations against poliomyelitis ivolve using live vaccine that is
administered orally. What immunoglobulins are responsible for the development of local postvaccination immunity in this case?
Secretory IgA
IgM
IgG
Serum IgA
IgE
A laboratory received a sample of water used in drug production for sanitary and virological analysis.
What group of viruses will indicate faecal contamination of water and thus the need for its additional
purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
Flaviviridae
Virological laboratory has received patient’s nasopharyngeal lavage. What can be used to single out
influenza virus from the patient’s lavage?
Chick embryo
Meat infusion agar
Meat infusion broth
Endo’s medium
Lowenstein–Jensen medium
A person has been in contact with influenza patient. What drug should be administered for specific
passive influenza prophylaxis?
Amizon
Vaccine influenza virus inactivated
Leukocytic interferon
Immunoglobulin
Anaferon
Allantoic fluid of a chicken embryo contaminated with nasopharyngeal flush of a patient was found
to contain a virus. What diagnostic agents should be used to identify it?
Standard antiviral sera
Viral diagnosticums
Human immunoglobulin
Diagnosticums produced of standard virus strains
Polyvalent immune sera
Mass serological diagnosis of HIV infection is made by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay techniques. What standard component of the reaction must be adsorbed on the solid phase of
the test system?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
161.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
162.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
163.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
164.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
165.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
166.
HIV antigens
Monoclonal HIV antibodies
Enzyme-marked HIV antibodies
Specific immunoglobulins
Substrates to determine enzyme activity
After the sanitary and bacteriological study of tap water the following results were obtained: the total
number of bacteria in 1,0 ml was 80, coli index was 3. How would you interpret the study results?
Water is safe to be consumed
Water is of doubtful quality
Water is of highly doubtful quality
Water is contaminated
Water is highly contaminated
During examination of a 3-monthold infant a pediatrician revealed that the baby’s oral mucosa and
tongue were covered with a thick white deposit. In the material taken from the affected site a
bacteriologist revealed the presence of yeast fungi giving the reasons for suspecting a fungal
infection which occurs most often in children of this age, namely:
Candidiasis
Favus
Epidermophytosis
Actinomycosis
Trichophytia
Diphtheria exotoxin had been treated with 0,3-0,4% formalin and kept in a thermostat for 30 days at a
temperature of 40oC. What preparation was obtained as a result of these manipulations?
Anatoxin (toxoid)
Antitoxin
Diagnosticum
Therapeutic serum
Diagnostic serum
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
E. coli
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
A sick child with diphtheria 10 days after the injection of antitoxic diphtheria serum, there were skin
rash, accompanied by severe itching, increased body temperature to 38, there were pains in the joints.
What is the cause of these events you expect?
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Contact allergy
Anaphylactic reaction
Serum sickness
Atopy
In bacteriological laboratory to sterilize culture media that contain substances that change at a
temperature above 100 °C (urea, carbohydrates). What a way to sterilize laboratory should elect?
A. *
B.
Flowing steam, fractional
Tindalization
C.
D.
E.
167.
Pasteurization
Steam under pressure in an autoclave
Boiling
Veterinarny assistant, working on cattle farm went to a doctor complaining of joint pain, fever,
malaise, night sweats. Ill for about a month. Given that the patient is working on a farm and livestock
related complaints, the doctor suspected he had brucellosis. What material is taken from this patient
to be investigated in the usual microbiological laboratory?
it
SpinBlood serum
Vomal fluid
Urine
Feces
A patient, sick 3 days ago, complaining of the increased temperature of 38 ° C, abdominal pain, loose
stools, presence of blood in the stool, the doctor diagnosed clinically bacterial dysentery. What
method of microbiological diagnosis is advisable to apply in this case and what material should be
taken from the patient to confirm the diagnosis?
Bacteriologycal
Serological ,blood
Smear ,blood
Smear , feces
Bacteriology, urine
A patients with gastric ulcer with hyperacidity after endoscopy and bacteriological studies were
identified bacteria of the genus Helicobacter. Thanks to some property of these organisms are not
killed in the acidic environment of the stomach?
Urease activity
Ability to form a capsule
Oxidase activity
Catalase activity
Resistance to vancomycin
A patient with pustular skin lesions isolated pathogen, which is on blood agar forms a rounded,
medium sized, yellow colonies surrounded by a zone of hemolysis. In smears made from the colonies
Gr + cocci appear in clusters were found. Pure culture is oxidase-and catalase-positive, ferments
mannitol, synthesizes plasma coagulase. Which of the following type matches the selected agent?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Widal agglutination test detected antibody titer of O-antigen of S. typhi in the patient’s serum
increased from 1:100 to 1:400. How can we interpret these results?
Sick with typhoid fever
Previously vaccinated against typhoid fever
Are chronic carriers of typhoid bacteria
Is an acute typhoid bacteria carier
Previously was ill with typhoid fever
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
168.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
169.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
170.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
171.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
172.
A patient, 68 years old, was subjected to prolonged antibiotic therapy. After such treatment, the
patient appeared whitish coating on the oral mucosa. Microscopic examination of smear revealed
large, round, various sizes, gram positive microorganisms. What should be done to continue the
microbiological diagnosis?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
173.
Inoculate material on Sabouraud medium
Inoculate on Kitt - Tarrozi
Inoculate on yolk-salt agar
Inoculate on Endo medium
Inoculate on Ploskirev medium
In , brain cells of fox’s, trapped in the city had been found the inclusion – Babesh- Negri bodies.
What is the causative agent of fox’s infection?
Rabies
Flu
Chickenpox
Tick borne encephalitis
Kissing disease
Gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming rods are isolated from sample of patient with food poisoning.
What is the causative agent infection?
C. perfringens
Vibrio parahemolyticus
Proteus vulgaris
P.mirabilis
Esherichia coli
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a
month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of
allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
Cytotoxic
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic
Stimulating
Immunocomplex
Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th day the graft
became swollen and changed colour; on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take part in
this process?
B-lymphocytes
Erythrocytes
T-lymphocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
A patient with suspected diphtheria went through bacterioscopic examination. Examination of throat
swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic preparation should be
chosen in this case?
Interferon
Bacteriophage
Diphtheria antitoxin
Antidiphtheric antitoxic serum
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
174.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
175.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
176.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
177.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
178.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
179.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
180.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
181.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
182.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
183.
A. *
B.
C.
Eubiotic
A person was selling "homemade pork" sausages at the market. State sanitary inspector suspected
falcification of the sausages. What serological immune reaction can identifiy food substance?
Precipitation test
Indirect hemagglutination test
Complement-fixation test
Immunofluorescence test
Agglutination test
From the nasopharynx of a 5-year-old child it was excreted a microorganism which is identical to
Corynebacterium diphtheriae dose according to morphological and biochemical signs. But this
microorganism does not produce exotoxin. As a result of what process can this microorganism
become toxigenic?
Phage conversion
Cultivation in the telluric environment
Passing through the organism of the sensative animals
Chromosome mutation
Growing with antitoxic serum
A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated with Levomycetin, next day his condition
became worse, temperature rose to 39,60С. What caused the complication?
The effect of endotoxin agent
Secondary infection addition
Reinfection
Allergic reaction
Irresponsiveness of an agent to the levomycetin
A large-scale reaction with parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums was made in order to make
serological diagnostics of the whooping cough. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of
Bordetella parapertussis a granular sediment formed. What antibodies did this reaction reveal?
Bacteriolysins
Precipitins
Antitoxins
Opsonins
Agglutinins
A 27-year-old woman has dropped penicillin containing eye drops. In a few minutes there appeared
feeling of itching, burning of the skin, lips and eyelids edema, whistling cough, decrease of BP. What
imunoglobulins take part in the development of this allergic reaction?
IgE and IgG
IgM and IgG
IgG and IgD
IgM and IgD
IgA and IgM
It is planned to use the territory of an old cattle burial ground (which is not used for more than 50
years) for building houses. But ground analysis revealed presence of the pathogen of a very
dangerous illness. Which of the indicated microorganisms is likely to remain in the ground for such a
long time?
Bacillus anthracis
Brucella abortus
Francisella tularensis
D.
E.
184.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
185.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
186.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
187.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
188.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
189.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Mycobacterium bovis
Yersinia pestis
Blood analysis of a patient showed signs of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus). Which
cells does HIV-virus primarily affect?
Cells that contain receptor T4 (T-helpers)
Cells that contain receptor IgM (B-lymphocytes)
Specialized nervous cells (neurons)
Proliferating cells (stem hematoplastic cells)
Mast cells
A patient had been suffering from profuse diarrhea and vomiting for 2 days. He died from acute
dehydration. Autopsy revealed that the intestinal wall was edematic and hyperemic, with multiple
haemorrhages in the mucous membrane. Intestine lumen contains whitish fluid resembling of rice
water. What disease caused death?
Cholera
Dysentery
Salmonellosis
Enterocolitis
Typhoid fever
A 19 year old woman suffers from primary syphilis. Doctor administered her complex therapy that
includes benzylpenicillin sodium salt. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
It blocks synthesis of cytoplasm proteins
It blocks DNA synthesis
It blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan of microbal membrane
It blocks RNA synthesis
It blocks thiol enzymes
48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of
tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Cellular cytotoxicity
Granulomatosis
Anaphylaxy
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of
tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Cellular cytotoxicity
Granulomatosis
Anaphylaxy
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Microscopical examination of a microbal culture revealed fusiform spore-forming microorganisms
that get violet-blue Gram's stain. What microorganisms were revealed?
Clostridia
Streptococci
Actinomycete
Diplococci
Spirochaete
190.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
191.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
192.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
193.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
194.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
195.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by
Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14
regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent
of the following disease:
Syphilis
Leishmaniasis
Leptospirosis
Trypanosomiasis
Relapsing fever
Patient with vomiting, dizziness, sensation of dubble vision, difficult swallowing was admitted to the
hospital. Doctor suspects botulism. What diagnostic methods should be used for diagnosis
approving?
Biological test, bacteriological
Protozoological, microscopical
Bacteriological, mycological
Allergic test, serological
Biological and serological
A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were
localised on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctors supervision
Prescribe combine antibiotic therapy
The immunoblot detected gp120 protein in the blood serum. This protein is typical for the following
disease:
HIV-infection
Tuberculosis
Poliomyelitis
Syphilis
Virus B hepatitis
A patient with complaints of 3-day-long fever, general weakness, loss of appetite came to visit the
infectionist. The doctor suspected enteric fever. Which method of laboratory diagnosis is the best to
confirm the diagnosis?
Detachment of blood culture
Detachment of myeloculture
Detachment of urine culture
Detachment of pure culture
Detachment of feces culture
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis B
Virus of hepatitis A
Virus of hepatitis E
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
196.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
197.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
198.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
199.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
200.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
201.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
On bacteriological study of rinsing water of the patient with food poisoning, the pure bacterial culture
was inoculated with the following properties: gram-negative motile bacillus in the Endo environment
grows like achromic colony. Representative of what genus has caused the illness?
Salmonella
Escherichia
Citrobacter
Shigella
Yersinia
Serological diagnostics of infectious diseases is based upon specific interaction with antigenes.
Specify the serological reaction that underlies adhesion of microorganisms when they are affected by
specific antibodies in presence of an electrolyte:
Agglutination reaction
Complement-binding reaction
Precipitation reaction
Neutralization reaction
Hemadsorption reaction
In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a
thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mothers milk as well as in a new-laid hens egg. It is
known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
Lysozyme
Interferon
Complement
Imanine
Interleukin
A man was admitted to the hospital on the 5th day of disease that manifested itself by jaundice,
muscle aching, chill, nose bleedings. In course of laboratory diagnostics a bacteriologist performed
dark-field microscopy of the patients blood drop. Name a causative agent of this disease
Leptospira interrogans
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Rickettsia mooseri
Borrelia dutlonii
Bartonella bacilloformis
For serological diagnostics of the whooping cough it was made large-scale reaction with
parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of
Bordetella parapertussis grain-like sediment formed. What antibodies have this reaction revealed?
Agglutinins
Antitoxins
Bacteriolysins
Opsonins
Precipitins
Examination of a child revealed some whitish spots looking like coagulated milk on the mucous
membrane of his cheeks and tongue. Analysis of smears revealed gram-positive oval yeast-like cells.
What causative agents are they?
Candida
Diphtheria bacillus
Fusobacteria
Actinomycetes
E.
202.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
203.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
204.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
205.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
206.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
207.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Staphylococci
Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom
sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies
surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive
cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient
Streptococci
Micrococci
Staphylococci
Tetracocci
Sarcina
Bacterioscopy of nasopharyngeal mucus taken from a 2,5 year old child with nasopharyngitis
revealed gram-negative diplococci looking like coffee grains. What organs of the child are most
likely to be affected if these microorganisms penetrate the blood?
Brain tunics
Lymph nodes
Urogenital tracts
Cardiac valves
Renal glomeruli
Gram-positive cocci were isolated from the patient’s skin lesion. The coagulase test for plasma
clotting was used to distinguish:
Staph. aureus from Staph. epidermidis
Str. pyogenes from Staph. epidermidis
Str. pyogenes from Str. faecalis
Staph. aureus from Neisseria meningitidis
Str. pneumoniae from Str. pyogenes
What organism causes a rheumatic fever?
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Gonococcus
Pneumococcus
Klebsiella
A gram-negative heavily encapsulated diplococcus was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of 12year old boy with acute purulent meningitis. It was oxidase positive and ferment glucose and maltose,
but not lactose. The disease most probably caused by which one of the following organism:
Neisseria meningitides
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Haemophilus influenza
Escherichia coli
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Оn bacteriological examination of the defecation of а 4-months-old bаbу with the symptoms of acute
bowel infection there were revealed red colonies spread іn the large quantity іn the Endo medium.
What microorganism саn it bе?
E. coli
Salmonella enteritica
Shigella Flexneri
Proteus vulgaris
E.
208.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
209.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
210.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
211.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
212.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
213.
A. *
B.
C.
Listeria
A 50-year-old man developed watery diarrhea, little vomiting, nausea, and low-grade fever on the
airplane when he was returning from holidays spent in the Middle East. A stool culture reveals
lactose-positive colonies on MacConkey agar. Which one of the following organisms is the most
likely to be the cause?
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumonia
Shigella flexneri
Salmonella paratyphi A
Salmonella enteritidis
A child with asphyxia was admitted to the hospital. On examination of the child whitish and spots
difficult to separate were revealed in his larynx. What type of inflammation was in that case?
Serous inflammation
Croupous inflammaton
Purulent inflammation
Diphtheritic inflammation
Catarrhal inflammation
After consumption some tinned meat a patient had diplopia, acute headache, deglutition disorder,
hard breathing, muscle weakness. The diagnosis was botulism. What factor of pathogenicity are the
clinic presentations of this disease connected with?
Hemolysin
Endotoxin
Exotoxin
Fibrinolysin
Plasmocoagulase
Large gram-positive rods were isolated from patient’s cutaneous papules. The "string of pearl"
colonies on nutrient agar were demonstrated on penicillin-containing medium. Which one of the
following organisms caused the disease?
Bacillus anthracis
Staphylococcus aureus
Mycobacteria tuberculosis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Clostridia perfringens
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses)
taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza". What quick test (rapid/ express-test) will
allow to reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
IHT
HIT
AT
IFT
ring PT
A 3-year-old child has a temperature of 38,3C; discrete vesiculoulcerative lesions (Koplik’s sports)
can be seen on the mucous membrane of the mouth. The most probable diagnosis is:
Measles
Rubella
Herpangina
D.
E.
214.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
215.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
216.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
217.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
218.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
219.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Mumps
Scarlet fever
A 6-year –old boy was bitten by a dog about the face and neck. What strategy will be used for post
exposure therapy?
Use hyperimmune serum and active immunization
Use hyperimmune serum only
Use active immunization only
Use active immunization, than check if adequate antibody titers will be produced
All strategies can be use for post exposure therapy
In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man
presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of antirabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:
Attenuated
Inactivated
Molecular
Toxoids
Synthetic
The examination of blood serum of а patient with immunodeficiency signs revealed antibodies to
gp120 і gp 41 proteins. What virus is patient infected by?
HIV
HAV
CMV
HSV-1
HBV
A yond adult male appeared HIV-negative on routine laboratory tests three weeks after the suspicious
sexual contact. A doctor suggested that the patient had “window’’ period. Which one of the
following tests will be most valuable?
PCR
ELISA for anti-HIV antibody
Western Blot
T4/T8 ratio
CD4 counts
During the breakout of acute respiratory infection іn order to diagnose influenza the expressdiagnosis, based оn revealing of specific viral antigen іn the examined material
(nasopharyngiallavage), is carried out. Which reaction is used for this?
IFT
CFT
ELISA
IHT
HIT
A child strung by a honeybee developes respiratory failure and vascular collapse within minutes and
goes into shock. The reaction is caused by which of the following factors:
IgE
IgG
Macrophages
Sensitized T cells
E.
220.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
221.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
222.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
223.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
224.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
225.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
226.
IgM
Which type of hypersensitivity reactions is responsible for hemolytic anemia of newborns caused by
Rh incompatibility in Rh- negative mother and Rh-positive fetus?
Anaphylactic type 1
Cytotoxic type 2
Immune complexes type 3
Atopic local reaction
Delayed hypersensitivity
Skin tuberculin test was carried out to a patient with chronic lung tuberculosis. Restricted hyperemia
and edema appeared in the site of inracutaneous introduction of tuberculin preparation during 24-48
hours. What cells are primary effectors in this mechanism reaction?
T-lymphocytes
Neutrophils
B-lymphocytes
Endotheliocytes
Smooth muscle cells of microvessels
A patient develops induration in skin-test with purified protein derivative (PPD) to determine
previous exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis within 48 hours. Histologically, what kinds of cells
can be found in the inoculation site?
Helper T cells and macrophages
B cells
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Allergic diagnostic tests are used for the diagnosis of many infectious diseases (tuberculosis,
brucelosis, tularemia etc). Papula and redness in the place of the allergen injection appear, if diagnose
was confirmed. Antigens interaction reaction is conditioned by:
T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
IgE and lymphokines
IgM and macrophages
.IgE and T-lymphocyte
IgM and tissue basophiles
The number of CD4 T cells is important to determine in HIV-infected individual because it
correlates with the disease progression. Which laboratory test will be the best to count CD4 cells?
Flow cytometry
Latex agglutination
ELISA
Gel precipitation (Ouchterlony) test
Immunoelectrophoresis
How is the transplantation of an organ from one person to another called?
Allotransplantation
Autotransplantation
Explantation
Xenotransplantation
Heteromorphosis
What is unique about the Mycoplasma bacterial group?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
227.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
228.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
they lack cell walls
they lack a cell membrane
they have organelles
they are prokaryotes
they have ribosome
Which of the following microorganisms do produce the tetanospasmin?
M. tuberculosis
C. tetani
C. diphtheriae
S. aureus
E. coli
Ascoli thermoprecipitin test helps in confirming the laboratory diagnosis of:
anthrax.
typhoid.
cholera.
Pertussis
tetanus
229.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
230.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
231.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
232.
Which genus of bacteria has pathogens that can cause blindness in newborn?
Neisseria
Branhamella
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Shigella
After formation of IgE-allergen complex on the surface of the mast cells occur:
degranulation
precipitation
complement fixation
agglutination
toxin production.
What characteristic is shared by the Salk and the Sabin vaccines?
Both are composed of virus serotypes 1, 2, and 3.
Both are attenuated, active vaccine
Both are administered by injection.
Both are capable of reversion to virulence
Both are shed in the feces of vaccinees
?A 23-years-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of bloody diarrhea,
fatigue and confusion. A few days earlier, she went to a fast food restaurant for a birthday party. Her
friends are experiencing similar symptoms. Laboratory studies show anemia. Which of the following
would you most likely obtain for microbiologic testing?
Cerebrospinal fluid
Bile
Blood
Urine
Stool
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
233.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
234.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
235.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
236.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
237.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
A 6-years-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother, who complains of low-grade fever,
chronic cough and night sweats in her child. She describes the cough as productive, producing white
sputum that is sometimes streaked with blood. She also says that her son has lost some weight in the
last month. His vital signs include blood pressure of 115/75 mm Hg, heart rate of 110/min,
respiratory rate of 18/min and temperature of 36.6 C. On physical examination, the patient is ill
looking. Pulmonary auscultation reveals some fine crackles in the right upper lobe. The pediatrician
suspects an active infection and performs Mantoux test. Intradermal injection of which of following
substances has been most likely used by pediatrician for screening test in this clinical case?
Tuberculin
Isoniasid
Diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular per-tussis vaccine (DTaP)
Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids vaccine (Td)
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine
A 2.5-years-old child is provisionally diagnosed with pharyngeal diphtheria. Smear from the child’s
mucosa was obtained and inoculated into a coagulated equine serum. What is the purpose of this
stage of microbiological diagnostics?
Pure culture isolation
Analysis of antigenic properties
Determination of biochemical properties
Detection of toxigenicity
Determination of toxin serotype
To test donor blood for hepatitis B antigens, it is necessary to use highly sensitive detection methods.
What test should be used for this purpose?
Indirect hemagglutination
Complement binding
Immunoelectrophoresis
Solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Indirect immunofluorescence
To determine toxigenicity of diphtheria causative agents obtained from patients the cultures were
inoculated in a Petri dish with nutrient agar, bilaterally to a strip of filter paper spotted with
antidiphtheria antitoxic serum and situated in the center of the Petri dish. After incubation of the
inoculated cultures in the agar, strip-like areas of medium turbidity formed between some of the
cultures and the filter paper. What immunological test was conducted?
Ring precipitin test
Agglutination test
Opsonization test
Agar gel precipitation test
Coombs test
A family has two children. The younger child is under a year. The child has developed spastic cough
attacks. Similar clinical presentation was observed in the elder preschool child one month ago. The
doctor suspects pertussis infection. What methods enables retrospective diagnostics of the disease?
Molecular biological
Serological
Microscopy
Biological
Bacteriological
238.
What diagnostic method should be used in industry to test the raw leather for presence of B. antracis?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
239.
A. Ascoli thermo precipitation test
Microscopy with Aujeszky stain
Microscopy with Burry-Gins stain
Serological test
Bacteriological analysis
The bacteriological laboratory has received for analysis a sample of dried fish from a focus of food
poisoning outbreak. The bacteriologist inoculated the sample into a Kitt-Tarozzi medium, when
growth of tennis racket-shaped microorganisms could be observed. These microorganisms are likely
to be the causative agents of:
Botulism
Dysentery
Typhoid fever
Staphylococcal toxicoinfection
Salmonellosis
First-year schoolchildren have received tuberculin skin test Mantoux test at the school nurse’s office.
The purpose of this test was:
To preventatively vaccinate against tuberculosis
To measure immunity stress due to diphtheria
To measure allergization rate against rickettsia
To detect parotitis in the schoolchildren
To determine the children that need to receive BCG vaccination
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
240.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
241.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
242.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
243.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
Pathologic material (mucosal excretion from the nasal passages) obtained from a patient
provisionally diagnosed with influenza was sent to the virological laboratory. What quick test allows
detecting specific viral antigen in the investigated material?
Direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence (IF)
Hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI)
Reverse indirect hemagglutination (RIHA)
Urinalysis of a patient with acute cystitis shows leukocytes and a large number of gram-negative
bacilli. Inoculation has resulted in the growth of mucous colonies that produce a green soluble
pigment. What microorganism is the most likely cause of the patient’s disorder?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salmonella enteritidis
Escherihia coli
A 36-years-old man provisionally diagnosed with renal tuberculosis has undergone urinary sediment
analysis. Microscopy revealed acid-fast bacteria, but Price method detected no cord factor. Name the
most reliable method of investigation that can confirm or refute this provisional diagnosis:
Serological identification of the causative agent
Inoculation of laboratory animals
Allergy skin test
Toxigenicity testing
E.
244.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
245.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
246.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
Phage typing of the obtained culture
Before a surgery the patient was prescribed a synthetic antiprotozoal drug for prevention of wound
infection. The prescribed drug is highly effective against Helicobacter pylori . Name this drug:
Chingamin (Chloroquine)
Aciclovir
Doxycycline hydrochloride
Isoniazid
Metronidazole
The bacteriological laboratory needs to prepare for analysis of materials that are suspected to be
contaminated with spores of anthrax causative agent. What diagnostic preparation allows for quick
detection of these spores?
Anti-anthrax fluorescent serum
Standard anthrax antigen
Monoclonal antibodies to anthrax causative agent
Enzyme-tagged immunoglobulin
Anti-anthrax immunoglobulin
A 12-year-old boy with clinical presentation of influenza has developed respiratory mycoplasmosis.
What type of infection has developed under there conditions?
Latrogenic infection
Relapse
Autoinfection
Mixed infection
Superinfection
Назва наукового напрямку (модуля):
Семестр: 5
ВИДАЛИТИ
Опис:
ВИДАЛИТИ
1.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
2.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
3.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
4.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
6.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
7.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
Перелік питань:
Choose among listed bacteria whose optimal temperature for growth is 37°C:
heterophiles
psychrophiles
thermophiles
mesophiles
all are false
Choose among listed bacteria with optimal temperature for growth is 15°C:
heterophiles
psychrophiles
thermophiles
mesophiles
all are false
An immunoglobulin is a:
protein
carbohydrate.
glycoprotein
fatty acid.
nucleic acid.
Which immunoglobulin is the least prevalent?
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
The process of killing all microorganisms and their spores and viruses is known as:
antisepsis
asepsis
disinfection
pasteurisation
sterilization
Destruction or inhibition of microorganisms in living tissues is known as:
sterilization
disinfection
antisepsis
asepsis
pasteurisation
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by:
lymphocytes
myeloma cells.
hybridomas.
spleen cells.
plasma cells.
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
10.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
11.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
12.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
13.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
14.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
15.
A.
B. *
Killing of microorganisms in living tissues is:
pasteurisation
asepsis
disinfection
sterilization
antisepsis
Monoclonal antibodies are routinely used in all of the following EXCEPT:
the typing of tissue.
the identification and epidemiological study of infectious microorganisms.
the identification of tumor antigens.
the classification of leukemias.
the manipulation of the immune response.
Choose among listed method of sterilization of glassware:
autoclaving
heating in a hot air oven at 160°C
gamma rays
boiling
using chemicals
In holder method of pasteurization, milk and butter are kept at:
63°C for 30 minutes.
72°C for 20 seconds.
. 63°C for 60 minutes.
72°C for 30 seconds.
90°C for 30 seconds.
Exposure of material to steam at 60°C for 20 minutes on three consecutive days is known as:
tyndallization.
autoclaving.
inspissation.
pasteurization
none of the above
Biological control used in an autoclave is:
Fungy
Spores of bacillus
Ricketsia
E. colli
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Which of the following best describes type I hypersensitivities?
The reaction of TDTH cells, cytokines, and macrophages
The formation of immune complexes that are deposited on basement membranes
Complement-dependent lysis of cells
The release of physiological mediators from IgE-bound mast cells and basophils
Overreaction of the immune system
An attenuated vaccine is composed of:
killed microorganisms
living, weakened microorganisms
C.
inactivated bacterial toxins
D.
E.
16.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
17.
purified macromolecules
recombinant vectors
Which class of immunoglobulins activate the complement cascade most effectively?
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD
Passive immunization is routinely administered to individuals exposed to certain microbial pathogens
that cause diseases, EXCEPT:
Botulism
Diphtheria
Hepatitis
Chicken pox
Rabies
Which of the following is a major sign of transfusion reactions?
fever
inflammation
anaphylaxis
tissue damage
wheal and flare reaction
The single radial diffusion assay (Mancini technique) quantifies:
antibodies
antigen
immune complexes.
cytokines
T-helper.
What is a plasmid?
Self-replicating segment of double stranded DNA
Self-replicating segment of single stranded RNA
A bacterial chromosome
Bacterial inclusion
Part of the ribosome
Which of the following is not true about capsules and slime layers?
They consist of secreted material lying outside of the bacterial cell wall.
They can prevent desiccation of bacteria cells.
They are required for bacteria to grow normally in culture.
They help bacteria resist phagocytosis by macrophages.
They help bacteria survive inside organism
Which of the following does not kill endospores?
Autoclave
Incineration
Hot air sterilization
Pasteurization
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
18.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
19.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
20.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
21.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
22.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
23.
All of these processes kill endospores
An enzyme that is always produced, regardless of the presence of substrates or the end products, is
called:
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
24.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
25.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
26.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
27.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
28.
an allosteric enzyme.
an isoenzyme.
a repressible enzyme.
a constitutive enzyme.
a regulator enzyme.
A mutagen is:
a chemical or physical agent that induces mutations
an enzyme that repairs mutations
a molecule which stabilizes DNA thus prevents mutations from occurring
a chemical agent which changes strucrure of protein
an enzyme which inhibits division of cell
Which property(ies) or structure(s) is shared by all extrachromosomal plasmids in bacteria?
An origin for autonomous replication
Self-transmissibility from one bacterial cell to another
Genes that impart resistance to antibiotics
Genes that allow utilization of organic compounds
Genes that produce toxins
An organism which requires a growth factor in order to grow is called a(n):
prototroph
wild type
autotroph
auxotroph
heterotroph
Which of the following transport mechanisms functions without the requirement for energy?
Binding protein-dependent
Group transiocation
Symport
Uniport
Facilitated diffusion
Which of the following components is present in gram-positive bacteria but not in gram-negative
bacteria?
Peptidoglycan
Capsule
Flagella
Teichoic acid
Pili
Most microorganisms pathogenic for humans grow best in the laboratory when cultures are incubated
at:
15-20°C
20-30°C
30-37°C
38-50°C
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
29.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
30.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
31.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
32.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
33.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
34.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
35.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
36.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
50-55°C
The steps leading to the synthesis of peptidoglycan occur in the cytoplasm, on the cytoplasmic
membrane, and extracellularly. Which antibiotic inhibits peptidoglycan biosynthesis?
Cycloserine
Rifampin
Penicillin
Bacitracin
Streptomycin
The ability to use compounds and ions other than oxygen as terminal oxidants in respiration is a
widespread microbial trait.This capacity is called:
Photosynthesis
Fermentation
Anaerobic respiration
Substrate phosphorylation
Nitrogen fixation
Which of the following vaccine is attenuated?
Dysentery vaccines.
Cholera vaccines
BCG
Diphtheria vaccines.
Solk polio vaccines.
Which of the following molecules would be the best antigens?
DNA
lipids
fatty acids
sugars
proteins
Which part of the immunoglobulin binds with the antigen?
Fc fragment
H chains
L chains
constant parts of the H and L chains
variable parts of the H and L chains
Which part of the antibody can binds antigenic determinants of the antigen?
H chains
Hinge
Fab fragments
Fc fragment
L chains
Which of the following drug interferes with folic acid synthesis?
Aminoglycosides (or tetracyclines, erythromycin, clindamycin)
Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin)
Sulfonamides
Rifampin
Penicillins
37.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins can cross the placenta?
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgG
IgM
38.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
39.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
40.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
41.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
42.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
43.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
44.
A.
B.
What classes of immunoglobilins contain J chain?
IgG and IgE
IgM and IgA
IgA and IgG
IgG and IgM
IgM and IgE
Which of the following classes of antibodies does newborn obtain from mother?
IgA
IgD
IgE
IgM
IgG
Which of the following antibiotics interfere with cell wall synthesis?
tetracyclines
erythromycins
aminoglycosides
Polymixins
Penicillins
Plasma cells are:
mature T cells.
immature macrophages
antibody-producing cells.
mature macrophages.
immature T cells.
Choose antibody production cells:
T cells
B cells
Plasma cells
T helpers
Macrophages
Bacterial pili are involved in:
Adherence to host cells.
Motility
Resistance to heat
Resistance to phagocytosis
Endotoxic activity
A toxoid is a(n):
type of antibody that combines with a toxin,
type of enzyme that destroys toxins,
C. *
D.
E.
45.
A.
B.
C. *
inactivated toxin.
type of bacterium that resists phagocytosis.
type of virus.
Which of the following properties are shared by prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Ribosome size
Peptidoglycan layer
Chemical nature of genetic material
D.
E.
46.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
47.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
48.
Mitochondria structure and function
Nuclear envelope
For prevent diseases caused by bacterial toxins it necessary uses:
specific antibodies,
type of enzyme that destroys toxins,
toxoids,
IgM,
Bacteriophages
Which of the following are antigen presenting cells?
NK cells and mast cels
Th and Tk
Macrophages and B cells
Plasma cells
Cytotoxic cells and nurse cells
Which category of hypersensitivity BEST describes hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by Rh
incompatibility?
Atopic or anaphylactic
Autoimmune
Cytotoxic
Delayed
Immune complex
The role of the macrophage during an antibody response is to:
make antibody
lyse virus-infected target cells
activate cytotoxic T cells.
process antigen and present it
produce interleukins
AIDS is caused by a human retrovirus that kills:
B lymphocytes
lymphocyte stem cells
CD4-positive T lymphocytes
CD8-positive T lymphocytes
NK cells
Choose secondary immunodeficiency:
AIDS
DiGeorge syndrome
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Ataxia-telangiectasia
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
49.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
50.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
51.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
52.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
53.
Chronic granulomatous disease
The classic complement pathway occurs when complement binds with:
antigen-antibody complex
factor B
antigen-IgA complexes
bacterial capsula
endotoxin
Natural killer cells are:
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
54.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
55.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
56.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
57.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
58.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
59.
A.
B cells that can kill bacteria without complement
cytotoxic T cells
increased by immunization
able to kill virus-infected cells without prior sensitization
Th cells
The LPS or lipopolysaccharide found in Gram-negative bacteria IS NOT composed of:
peptidoglycan
lipid A
core polysaccharide
O-antigen
Any of the above
A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of:
autoimmunity
eczema
acute contact dermatitis
delayed-type allergy
immune-complex reaction
Complement kills different cells by:
activation of adenylate cyclase
enzymatic digestion of the cell membrane
insertion of complement proteins into the cell membrane
apoptosis mechanism
inhibition of elongation factor 2
A condition in which bacteria circulate in blood without multiplication is known as:
bacteraemia
septicaemia
pyaemia
endotoxaemia
viraemia
Reaction of antigen with IgE antibodies attached to mast cells causes:
precipitation
complement fixation
degranulation
agglutination
lysis
After formation of IgE-allergen complex on the surface of the mast cells occur:
precipitation
B.
C.
D.
E. *
60.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
toxin production.
complement fixation
agglutination
degranulation
Cell wall is absent in:
Actinomyces
Brucella
Corynebacterium
Mycoplasma
E.
61.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
62.
Spirocheates
BCG vaccine is used for prevent:
diphtheria
tuberculosis
botulism
brucelosis
Q fever
For an establishment of a kind of the pure culture of bacteria serological identification has crucial
mportance.
Examination of a kind of bacteria on biochemical properties
Examination of ability to decompose the curtailed serum
Examination of antigenic structure of bacteria
Examination of a kind of bacteria on ability to reduce the certain dyes
Examination of genome structure of bacteria's nucleoid
An example of a nonspecific chemical barrier to infection is:
NK cells
unbroken skin
cilia in trachea
lysozyme in saliva
all of these
What morphological structure is responsible for bacterial motility?
Pilli
Fimbria
Flagella
Capsule
LPS
Choose among the following humoral factor of a nonspecific resistance to infection:
macrophages
unbroken skin
complement
cilia in intestine
Hydrochloric acid of stomach
What is the value of a hanging-drop preparation?
For study sensitivity to antibiotics
For examinate biochemical properties
For study morphology of bacteria
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
63.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
64.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
65.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
66.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
67.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
68.
A.
For study motility of bacteria
For study cultural properties of bacteria
What is the value of a wet-mount preparation?
For study cultural properties of bacteria
For study motility of bacteria
For study morphology of bacteria
For examinate biochemical properties
For study sensitivity to antibiotics
Which of the following is the end product of the complement system?
properdin
B.
C.
D.
E. *
69.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
70.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
71.
membrane attack complex
cascade reaction
complement factor C1
complement factor C9
Choose the nutrient medium for obtaining the separate colonies:
Meat-pepton broth
Sugar broth
Meat-pepton agar
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Alkaline pepton water
Choose among listed nutrients media for study of proteolytic properties of bacteria:
Meat - pepton agar
Sugar agar
The curtailed serum
Blood agar
Blood agar
Choose among the following the convertase of classic pathway of activation of the complement
system?
C4b2a5b
membrane attack complex
C1q, C1r, C1s complex
C4b2a
C3bBb
We can obtain pure culture of anaerobic microorganisms with help:
Fortner method
Shukevich method
Paster method
Veinberg method
Loeffler method
Which of the following is the convertase of alternative pathway of activation of the complement
system?
C4b2a5b
C3bBb
C1q, C1r, C1s complex
C4b2a
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
72.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
73.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
74.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
75.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
membrane attack complex
Choose among these bacteria obligate aerobes.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Micrococcacae
Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi
Bacillus anthracis, Brucella melitensis
Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulini
Choose among these bacteria obligate anaerobes.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Micrococcacae
Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulini
Bacillus anthracis, Brucella melitensis
E.
76.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
77.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
78.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
79.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
80.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
81.
A.
Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi
Immunological memory refers to the ability of the immune system to:
recognize millions of different antigens
migrate from the blood vessels into the tissues
react with millions of different antigens
recall a previous immune response
activate T cells
Immunological memory develops after:
injection of antibodies
activation of NK cells
stimulation of macrophages
injection of the antigen
activation of T cells
T killer cells are important in controlling:
virus infections
allergy
autoimmunity
production of antibodies
all of these
Spores are necessary to bacteria for:
Survival into human and animal’s organism
Reproduction
Survival in an external environment
Defence from fagocytosis
Defence from acid in stomack
Vaccination is synonymous with immunity.
natural active
artificial passive
artificial active
natural passive
antitoxic passive
B cells are responsible for which allergies?
reumatic feber
B.
C.
D.
E. *
82.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
83.
A.
B.
contact dermatitis
tuberculin reactions
delay hypersensitivity
hemolytic disease
An example of a type III immune complex disease is:
graft rejection
contact dermatitis
serum sickness
atopy
asthma
Choose among the following immune-complex disease:
asthma
atopy
C.
D.
E. *
84.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
85.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
86.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
87.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
88.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
contact dermatitis
graft rejection
serum sickness
Specify the nutrients media on which it is possible to grow anaerobic microorganisms:
Zoessler, Kitt-Tarozzi
Meat - pepton agar, meat - pepton broth
medium Endo and Lewin media
The curtailed serum, meat- pepton gelatin
Blood agar, serum agar
Which of the following is immune-complex disease:
serum sickness
graft rejection
contact dermatitis
atopy
asthma
Peptolytic properties of bacteria we can study by detection in tubes:
Carbonic acids and waters
Glucose and lactoses
Carbonic acids and nitrogen
Mannitol and metanol
Indol and hydrogen sulphide
Which of the following nonspecific substances is a normal component of serum?
complement
lysozyme
interferon
collagenase
lysosome
Acid fast microbes are resistante to acid because they contain in cell wall:
lipopolysaccharides
fatty waxes, fatty acid
acetylglucosamine
diaminopimelic acid
E.
89.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
90.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
91.
polyphosphates
Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when an:
Rh-positive mother carries an Rh-negative fetus.
0 mother carries an AB fetus
Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus
AB mother carries an 0 fetus.
Two of the above are correct.
Which with these substances can damage bacteria cell wall:
sulphonamides
lysozyme
interferone
alcohol
streptomycin
Choose among the listed when hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs:
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
92.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
93.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
94.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
95.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
96.
A.
Rh-positive mother carries an Rh-negative fetus.
Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.
0 mother carries an AB fetus
AB mother an 0 fetus.
B mother carries an Rh-positive fetus
Which property does mycoplasma differ from bacteria:
by structure of the nucleoid
by absence of cell wall
by intracellular parasite
by tinctorial properties
by structure of cytoplasmatic membrane
Which of the following are reservoirs for human infections.
food and water
animals
human
All are reservoirs for human infections
Human, animals
Mycoplasma differ from bacteria:
by structure of the nucleoid
by absence of cell wall
by toxin production
by tinctorial properties
by structure of cytoplasmatic membrane
Plasma cells are:
mature T cells.
immature macrophages
antibody-producing cells.
mature macrophages.
immature T cells.
At the classic complement pathway Cl must bind with:
antigen-IgA complexes
B. *
C.
D.
E.
97.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
98.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
antigen-IgG complexes
hapten
red blood cells
bacteria
Which one of the following is true regarding the alternative complement pathway?
It can be triggered by infectious agents in presence of antibodies
It requires C1,C2, or C4
C4b2a presents
C3bBb presents
components B and properdin are not necessery
Which of the following molecules would be the best antigens?
glucose
lipids
fatty acids
proteins
E.
99.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
100.
sugars
Which of the following antibodies can pass through the placenta?
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgG
IgD
Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by Rh blood group incompatibility requires maternal
antibody to enter the fetal bloodstream. Therefore, the mediator of this disease is:
IgA antibody
SIgA antibody
IgE antibody
IgM antibody
IgG antibody
All of the following are secondary organs of immune system, except:
GALT
spleen
lymph nodes
thyroid gland
tonsil gland
Choose among the listed central organs of immune system:
GALT, spleen
thymus, bone marrow
lymph nodes, thymus,
thyroid gland, tonsil gland
bone narrow, spleenbone narrow
Where active center of antibody is located?
in Fc part of antibody
in H chains
between constant part of the H and L chains
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
101.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
102.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
103.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
104.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
105.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
106.
A.
in L chains
between variable parts of the H and L chains
Choose among the listed secretory immunoglobulins:
IgA
IgM
IgG
IgE
IgD
The main advantage of passive immunization over active immunization is that:
it can be administered orally
it provides antibody more rapidly
antibody persists for a longer period
it contains primarily IgM
it contains primarily IgG
Which type of hypersensitivities is T-cell mediated?
type I
B.
C.
D. *
E.
107.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
108.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
109.
type II
type III
type IV
type VI
Type II hypersensitivities are due to:
IgE reacting with mast cells
IgG-allergen complexes that clog epithelial tissues
activation of cytotoxic T cells
complement-induced lysis of cells in the presence of antibodies
activation of NK
Endotoxins have such properties:
all have the same effect,
are found in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
are part of the Gram-positive cell wall only.
are heat labile.
are proteins.
When a substance is added to a solid medium which inhibits the growth of unwanted bacteria but
permits the growth of wanted bacteria, it is known as:
selective medium.
basal media.
enrichment medium.
enriched medium.
differential medium.
Peptidoglycan is major constituent of cell wall of:
gram-positive bacteria
gram-negative bacteria.
fungi
protozoa
none of the above.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
110.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B. *
C.
Lipopolysaccharide is a major constituent of cell wall in:
gram-negative bacteria.
gram-positive bacteria.
fungi
protozoa
none of the above
Which of the following components of complement possess the binding site for the Fc portion of IgG
or IgM?
C1s
C9
C1q
C3
C5
Which of the following complement components is not common to both the alternative and classical
pathways:
C3b
C4b
C5b
D.
E.
114.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
115.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
116.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
117.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
C8
C9
Which of the following complement components is actually a perforin-like molecule?
C3a
C5b
C7
C8
C9
All of the following components of compliment are anaphylatoxins except:
C2a
C3a
C4в
C5a
C3a, C5a
Which of the following represents an important anatomic barrier to infection by microorganisims?
lymphocytes
interferons
mucous membranes
kinin system
lysozyme
Which of the following classes of MHC proteins are produced only by antigen presenting cells?
Class I
Class II
Class III
Class II & Class III
Class I & Class III
111.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
112.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
113.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
119.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
120.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
121.
A group of serum proteins that participates in an enzymatic cascade which ultimately results in cell
lysis:
complement system
fibrinolytic system
kinin system
clotting system
lactoferrin & transferrin
The functional equivalent to the Bursa of Fabricius in humans is:
the spleen
the thymus
the bone marrow
the appendix
GALT
The thymus is considered to be:
a primary lymphoid organ
a secondary lymphoid organ
a reticuloendothelial organ
a specialized lymph node
a complement producing organ
Antibody-secreting cells are called:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
122.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
123.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
124.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
125.
A.
plasma cells
T cell blasts
macrophages
B lymphoblasts
pre-B lymphocytes
Phagocytosis, endocytosis and inflammation are all examples of:
innate immunity
the anamnestic response
acquired specific immunity
postinfectious immunity
none of the above
In humans, the thymus is at its largest actual size:
at birth
at puberty
in the mid-20s
in the mid-40s
in elderly individuals
The antigen binding specificity of an antibody is due to:
the constant regions of the light chains
the variable framework regions of the heavy & light chains
the variable regions of the heavy chains
the hypervariable regions of both heavy & light chains
the constant regions of the heavy chains
The human MHC complex is referred to as :
the H-2 complex
118.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
126.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
127.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
128.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
129.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
130.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
131.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
132.
A.
B. *
the B complex
the HLA complex
complement complex
none of the above
Class II MHC molecules would be found positioned in the plasma membrane of which of the
following types of cells?
epithelial cells
macrophages
nerve cells
basophils
all of the above
Which of the following types of CD proteins is found only on T cytotoxic lymphocytes?
CD2
CD3
CD4
CD5
CD8
Which of the following types of antigens are processed for presentation by macrophages?
polysaccharides
nucleic acids
glycolipids
proteins
lipids
Which of the following is an example of a primary lymphoid organ?
lymph node
thymus
spleen
tonsils
GALT
Which of the following cell types is able to actively secrete immunoglobulin:
naive B lymphocyte
plasma cell
Th lymphocyte
macrophage
Tk lymphocyte
In addition to their role as decomposers, bacteria are able to __________, a function which all life
depends upon.
convert water to oxygen
fix nitrogen
remove cancerous cells
make glucose
cause disease
Bacteria most often cause disease by
interfering with vital functions
secreting toxins into the host
C.
D.
E.
133.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
134.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
135.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
136.
growing too rapidly for the immune system
destruction of tissue
all of these
Helper T cells are characterised by the presence of cell surface
CD2
CD4
CD6
CD8
CD10
Programmed cell death in animal cells is known as:
a poptos
a poptosis
a pop tosis
apopstasis
apoptosis
Immunoglobulin-which is produced first by the fetus in response to Infection
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
IgE
Type of immunologic response in transplant rejection
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
137.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
138.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
139.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Type I
Type II
Type III
type IV
TypeV
Glass wear and syringes are best sterilised by
Hot air oven
autoclaving
Irridiation
Ethylene dioxide
simple boiling
Vaccines are sterilised by
Seitz filtration
Hot air oven
Autoclaving
Heat inactivation
radiation
Dark field microscopy is used for detection of
Spirochetes
Chlamydia
Fungi
Virus
Mycoplasmas
140.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
141.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
142.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
143.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Graft versus Host reactions is caused by
B- lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
Macrophages
Complement
Neutrophils
Clostridium tetani is
Gram positive bacilli
Gram negative bacilli
Gram positive cocci
Gram negative cocci
Spiral-shaped bacteria
Delayed tuberculin test response is due to
B lymphocytes
T Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Histiocytes
Neutrophyls
Penicillin is the drug of choice for
Scarlet fever
Whooping cough
Typhoid
Brucellosis
E.
144.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
145.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
146.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
147.
A.
B.
Cholera
Multiple drug resistance is spread by
Transformation
Transduction
Mutation
Conjugation
Translocation
Best method of skin disinfectant is
Spirit
100 % alcohol
Tincture iodine
Cetrimide
Formaldehyde
Which is an example of type III hypersensitivity
contact dermatitis
Hemolytic anemia
Serum sickness
Good Pasture's syndrome
skin allergic test
Delayed hypersensitivity Involves
Neutrophils
Monocytes
C.
D. *
E.
148.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
149.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
150.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
151.
A.
B.
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
Platelets
Helper cells belong to
Macrophages
T Cells
B Cells
Monocytes
Platelets
Anti - Rh antibodies belong to
lgA
lgG
lgE
IgM
IgD
Mycoplasma differ from bacteria:
by structure of the nucleoid
by toxin production
by tinctorial properties
by structure of cytoplasmatic membrane
by absence of cell wall
What morphological structure is responsible for bacterial motility?
Pilli
Fimbria
C.
D.
E. *
152.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
153.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
154.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
Capsule
LPS
Flagella
What is the value of a hanging-drop preparation?
For study sensitivity to antibiotics
For examinate biochemical properties
For study morphology of bacteria
For study cultural properties of bacteria
For study motility of bacteria
What is the value of a wet-mount preparation?
For study cultural properties of bacteria
For study morphology of bacteria
For examinate biochemical properties
For study sensitivity to antibiotics
For study motility of bacteria
Peptone water and nutrient broth are:
enriched media.
selective media.
enrichment media
differential medium.
simple media.
155.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
156.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
157.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
158.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
159.
What is definition of the “serological identification”?
Examination of morphological properties
Examination of reducing properties
Examination of biochemical properties
Examination of tinctorial properties
Examination of antigenic properties
What is/are nutrients medium/a for study of proteolytic properties of bacteria:
Meat - pepton agar
Sugar agar
endo medium
Levin medium
gelatin
What of the following bacteria are obligate aerobes?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi
Bacillus anthracis, Brucella melitensis
Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulini
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Micrococcacae
What of the following bacteria are obligate anaerobes?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Micrococcacae
Bacillus anthracis, Brucella melitensis
Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi
Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum
What of the following agents just inhibits growth of bacteria but doesn’t kill them?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
160.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
161.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
162.
A.
B.
Bactericidal
Antibiotic
Antiseptic
Antifungal
Bacteriostatic
What is drug interfere with folic acid synthesis?
Aminoglycosides (or tetracyclines, erythromycin, clindamycin)
Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin)
Rifampin
Penicillins
Sulfonamides
Choose among list antibiotic which interferes with cell wall synthesis?
actinomycin
erythromycins
sulfonamides
pyrimethamine
Cephalosporins
The process of killing all microorganisms and their spores and viruses is known as:
antisepsis
asepsis
C.
D.
E. *
163.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
164.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
165.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
166.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
disinfection
pasteurisation
sterilization
Heating in a hot air oven at 160°C for one hour is used for sterilization of:
all-glass syringes.
oils and jellies.
swab sticks.
petri dishes and pipets
all are true.
What of the following is biological control used in an autoclave:
Fungy
Ricketsia
E. coli
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Spores of bacillus
All of the following are enteroviruses EXCEPT:
coxsackieviruses B
rhinoviruses
coxsackieviruses A
echoviruses
polioviruses
The prophylaxis of mumps is conducted by:
live vaccine
immunoglobulin
toxoid
the killed vaccine
E.
167.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
168.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
169.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
antitoxic serum.
For specific prophylaxis of a tick-borne encephalitis is used:
immunoglobulin
formolated vaccine
toxoid
specific hyperimmune serum
live vaccine.
Retrospective diagnostics of measles and mumps includes:
CFT with specific serums
HIT with specific serums
HIT with paired serums
rhinocytoscopy
NT (colour test) with with paired serums
Choose the true statement concerning the Sabin polio vaccine.
Induction of lifelong immunity is not possible.
Infectious progeny virus cannot be disseminated from the vaccinated individual.
It is administered parenterally.
It can be given to immunodeficient individuals without reservation.
The vaccine confers humoral and intestinal immunity.
170.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
171.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
172.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
173.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
174.
A.
B.
For serological diagnostics of mumps such material is used:
saliva
blood
urine
spinal liquid
paired serums.
Which one of the following is a common feature of infection by cytomegalovirus?
Rapid progression to encephalitis and death
Chronic progressive tissue damage for many years
Dissemination to many body sites, including trans-placental passage
Severe vesiculation of epithelium and mucous membranes
Spontaneous recovery with life-long latency
The vaccine for influenza has the following components:
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza A and B
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza A,B, and C
Nucleoprotein and neuraminidase of influenza A,B, and C
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza B only
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of influenza B and C
RS virus causes:
destruction of tissue culture
formation of syncytio in tissue cultures
death of chicken embryo
hemagglutination of red cells
hemolysis
Which of the listed viruses are associated with hepatitits?
Coxsackievirus A
Coxsackievirus B
C. *
D.
E.
175.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
176.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
177.
Enterovirus 72
Poliovirus
Rhinovirus
What is the shape of rabies virus?
Spherical
Polygonal
Bullet-shaped.
Tubular
Stick-like
Which of the listed viruses are associated with common cold?
Coxsackievirus A
Coxsackievirus B
Enterovirus 72
Poliovirus
Rhinovirus
Which of the following infects oropharynx, but not the intestine because the virus is sensitive to low
pH?
Rhinovirus
A. *
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
180.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
181.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
Poliovirus
Enterovirus 72
Coxsackievirus B
Coxsackievirus A
Which of the following viruses are sensitive to low pH?
Coxsackievirus A
Coxsackievirus B
Poliovirus
Rhinovirus
Enterovirus 72
A respiratory disease spread by the droplet aerosol route during winter, causing severe headache,
cough, fever, malaise and congestion is most compatible with which of the following as an
etiological agent?
Mumps
Influenza C
Chicken pox
Hepatitis A Virus
Influenza A virus
After immunization of a children with this vaccine often we can find of vaccine strain virus in stool:
Influenza
Measles
Salk vaccine
Sabin vaccine
None of the above
Influenza viruses are predominantly transmitted by:
The aerosol route during the summer
Close physical contact during the summer
The fecal-oral route during the winter
The aerosol route and close physical contact during the winter
E.
182.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
183.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
184.
A.
B.
sexual route in winter
Vaccine associated poliomyelitis is a risk factor when using this vaccine.
Sabin vaccine
Salk vaccine
Influenza
Measles
All answers are true
Choose among following diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus:
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
T-cell leukemia
Infectious mononucleosis
herpes zoster
all of the above
Which of the following viruses can cause B cell lymphoma in humans?
Herpes simplex virus
Human papilloma viruses
B.
C.
D.
E.
178.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
179.
C. *
D.
E.
185.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
186.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
187.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
188.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
189.
A.
B.
Epstein-Barr Virus
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus
Hepatitis B virus
What is the specimen from which herpes simplex virus is most likely to be cultured:
saliva
spinal fluid.
vesicle fluid.
swab from ulcer.
blood
At which specimen we can indicate herpes zoster virus more frequently?
blood
saliva
spinal fluid.
swab from ulce
vesicle fluid.
The shape of rabies virus is:
Bullet-shaped
Polygonal
Spherical
Stick-like
Tubular.
What is the reactivation of herpez zoster virus in an adult called?
infectious mononucleosis.
shingles.
aphthous stomatitis.
chronic fatigue syndrome.
neuritis
Choose among listed a common feature of infection caused by cytomegalovirus?
Spontaneous recovery with life-long latency
Severe vesiculation of epithelium and mucous membranes
C.
D. *
E.
190.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
191.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
Rapid progression to encephalitis and death
Dissemination to many body sites, including trans-placental passage
Chronic progressive tissue damage for many years
Where we can detect of rabies antigen by direct immunofluorescence antemortem?
hippocampal neuron
corneal scrapings.
blood
hairs
brain
Select the predominant route of transmission for Hepatitis B, C, and D viruses.
airborne
parenteral
contaminated food
fecal-oral
fomites
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
195.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
196.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
Which herpesviruses cause mononucleosis?
VZV-1 and HSV-2
EBV and CMV
EBV and herpes B virus
CMV and VZV
HSV-1and HSV-2
Negri bodies are found in cells infected with:
rabies virus.
vaccinia virus
fowlpox virus.
paramyxoviruses.
measles virus
Identify the clinical status of a patient who has the following hepatitis B virus (HBV) serology
findings: anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive, HBsAg negative.
Current acute infection with HBV
No past exposure to HBV
Recent past infection with HBV
Chronic infectIon with HBV
Concurrent chronic infection with HBV and hepatitis D virus
Which hepatitis viruses are predominantly transmitted by the fecal-oral route?
HAV, HBV, HEV
HAV, HBV
HBV, HCV, HDV
HBV, HDV, HEV
HAV, HEV
At which diseases we can detect Negri bodies?
herpes
rabies
smalpox
poliomyelitis
measles
197.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
198.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
199.
A.
Choose in the listed which hepatitis viruses are transmitted by the fecal-oral route?
HBV, HDV, HEV
HAV, HEV
HBV, HCV, HDV
HAV, HBV
HAV, HBV, HEV
Which herpesvirus among listed does cause Burkitt’s lymphoma?
VZV
EBV
polyovirus
HSV-2
HSV-1
Which hepatitis viruses are predominantly transmitted by the parenteral route?
HAV, HBV, HEV
192.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
193.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
194.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
201.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
202.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
203.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
204.
A.
B.
HAV, HBV
HBV, HCV, HDV
HAV, HEV
HBV, HDV, HEV
An acute respiratory disease spread by the droplet aerosol route during winter is most compatible
with which of the following as an etiological agent?
Chicken pox
Mumps
Influenza C
Influenza A
Hepatitis B Virus
The virus associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma is:
EBV
flue virus
HIV
VZV
HHV-6
The vaccine for influenza has the following components:
Haemagglutinin and neuramidase
Fusion protein
Viral RNA
Haemagglutinine
None of the above
A girl is infected with a paramyxovirus. The cytopathic effect for this virus is
syncytia formation
major destruction of the tissue culture monolayer
intranuclear inclusion formation
Negri body formation
cellular degranulation
Which of the following viruses cause/s genital infection?
Molluscum contagiosum.
Human papillomavirus type 6.
C.
D.
E. *
205.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
206.
A.
B.
C. *
Herpes simplex virus type 2
adenovirus serotype 37
All answers are correct
Which of the following viruses can cause prenatal infection?
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Varicella-zoster.
All answers are correct.
All answers are false
Which virus was the first one to be purposely eradicated from the face of the Earth?
chickenpox
swinepox
smallpox
B.
C. *
D.
E.
200.
D.
E.
207.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
208.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
209.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
210.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
211.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
212.
cowpox
avianpox
Which of the following virus is not teratogenic in humans?
cytomegalovirus
rubella virus
herpes simplex virus type 2
herpes simplex virus type 1
phage T4
Which of the following is not true about viroids?
they exist inside of cells without capsids or envelopes
they produce protein from its genome
they do not require a helper phage
their genome is always copied in the host-cell nucleus
each consists of a single circular RNA molecule
Which of the following is mismatched?
cancer - an uncontrolled, invasive growth of abnormal cells
malignant - a noncancerous growth
cancer cells - cells that divide repeatedly
tumor - a neoplasm or localized accumulation of cells
metastasize - tumors and tumor cells spreading to other tissues of the body
All viruses have
RNA
envelopes
host specificity
glycoprotein spikes
DNA
Prions:
are infectious particles not destroyed by DNase or RNase
are easily inactivated at 90 degrees centigrade
are also called viroids
are infectious pieces of RNA
is the name given to latent viruses
Which of the following will not support the growth of viruses?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
213.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
214.
embryonated eggs
continuous cell cultures
animals
primary cell cultures
blood agar
Intracellular structures formed during many viral infections are:
Procaryotes
Chromosomal disruptions
Inclusion bodies
Cytocidal bodies
All of the above
Which of the following has been linked to Kaposi sarcoma?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
215.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
216.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
217.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
218.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
219.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
220.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
221.
A.
Epstein-Barr virus
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus
Human immunodefficiency virus
Human papilloma virus
Human herpes virus 8
What of the following is necessary for reproduction of viruses?
a high concentration of protein
a high body temperature
a living host cell
a vaccine
sunlight, water, and food
Which of the following diseases has not been reduced or eliminated by vaccines
polio
smallpox
AIDS
measles
mumps
Which of the following disease has not prevented by vaccines
AIDS
measles
tick-born encephalitis
yellow fever
rabies
A natural active immunity vaccination occurs after:
immunisation by live vaccine
introduction of immunoglobulins
introduction of patient serum
with breast milk
contact with sick man
Viruses are carried within the fluids and tissues of the body. They are spread between people in
different ways, including:
contact with contaminated blood.
insects that transmit infected blood.
contact with contaminated saliva or mucus.
contact with contaminated vaginal secrets
all are true.
An individual will be diagnosed with AIDS when they have a positive HIV test and:
Mononucleosis
CD4-cell count of under 200 per milliliter of blood.
A T-cell count of under 500 per milliliter.
A B-cell count of under 400 per milliliter.
None of the above.
Which of the following is/are congenital diseases occured in childrens born to women infected with
rubella?
Neurosensory deafness.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
227.
Congenital heart disease
Retinopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly
All answers are right.
Choose insect as vector for Japanese encephalitis virus?
flea.
fly
tick
mosquito
All of the above.
Which of the following are reservoir of Japanese encephalitis virus?
Cats and dogs.
Cows and goats.
Pigs and man.
Water birds and man.
Water birds and pigs.
By which protein the influenza virus can attach to mucous cells of the upper respiratory tract?
Fusion protein
Nucleoprotein
Matrix protein
Hemagglutinin
Neuraminidase
Which proteins of influenza viruses are included in vaccine preparations?
Neuraminidase
Neuraminidase and fusion proteins
Hemagglutinin
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
Hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and fusion proteins
If an influenza infection has been diagnosed within a family, which antiviral drug could be
administered to other family members as a prophylactic measure?
Acyclovir
Ganciclovir
Amantadine
Cyclosporin A
Foscarnet
Which of the following is true concerning the orthomyxoviruses?
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
228.
A. *
B.
C.
Influenza A, B, and C cause epidemics
Neuraminidase and hemagglutinin are nucleocapsid proteins
The genome is segmented, composed of eight RNA units
The matrix protein is important for vaccine inclusion
Dogs are a reservoir of influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes
The syncytial-forming capability of the paramyxovirus is associated with:
fusion protein
thymidine kinase
polymerase
B.
C.
D.
E. *
222.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
223.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
224.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
225.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
226.
D.
E.
229.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
230.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
231.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
232.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
233.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
234.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
235.
A.
B.
neuraminidase
hemagglutinin
Which of the following is/are true about the influenza vaccine?
The vaccine is recommended for health care workers, patients with cardiopulmonary complications,
and geriatric patients.
The constitution of the vaccine changes every year.
Both influenza A and B virus strains are included in the vaccine.
The viruses used in the vaccine are propagated in embryonated chicken eggs.
All of the above answers.
The antiviral used for treatment of severe respiratory syncytial disease (RSV) infection is:
acyclovir
amantadine
ribavirin
immune globulin
AZT
Choose among following the method of detecting of a specific serotype of adenovirus which have
caused acute respiratory infection?
By detecting nuclear inclusions in infected cells collected in a throat swab.
By detecting the presence of viral double stranded DNA.
By monitoring the response of the infection to steroid therapy
By using electron microscopy to detect viral particles in a throat swab.
By using serotype antibody to test inhibition of hemagglutination .
The hemagglutinin of adenovirus is found in which viral protein?
The core
The hexon
The penton
The M protein
The DNA protein
In addition to acute respiratory diseases, adenoviruses also cause:
Tumors in humans
Diabetes
Otitis media
Gastric ulcers
Acute diarrhea in children
Which family contains rubella virus and what group of individuals is most at risk for severe sequelae
from rubella infections?
Paramyxovirus family; grade school children
Togavirus family; infants in utero during the first trimester
Paramyxovirus family; infants in utero during the first trimester
Togavirus family; grade school children
Togavirus family; middle age adults
Choose family which contains rubella virus and what individuals have most risk for dangerous
complications from rubella infections?
Paramyxovirus family; grade school children
Paramyxovirus family; infants in utero during the first trimester
C. *
D.
E.
236.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
237.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
238.
Togavirus family; infants in utero during the first trimester
Togavirus family; grade school children
Togavirus family; middle age adults
For whom rubella infection causes long term dangerous complications?
Children who have received the interferon
Children who have received the attenuated vaccine
Children infected during the first grade (age 6-7 yrs)
Children infected in the first trimester in utero
Women of childbearing age
Which of the following proteins are present in the envelope of the parainfluenza and mumps viruses?
Hemagglutinin, but no neuraminidase or fusion proteins present
Hemagglutinin, neuraminidase and fusion proteins present
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, but no fusion protein present
Neuraminidase, but no hemagglutinin protein present
Fusion protein, but no hemagglutinin or neuraminidase present
Find the correct statement about envelope proteins of measles, mumps and the parainfluenza viruses:
A. *
Measles has a hemagglutinin but no neuraminidase; mumps and parainfluenza have hemagglutinin
and neuraminidase
Measles has no hemagglutinin or neuraminidase, mumps and parainfluenza have only neuraminidase
B.
239.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
240.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
241.
A.
Measles has a neuraminidase but no hemagglutinin; mumps and parainfluenza have hemagglutinin
and neuraminidase
Measles has a neuraminidase but no hemagglutinin; mumps and parainfluenza have only
hemagglutinin
Measles has no hemagglutinin or neuraminidase, mumps and parainfluenza have hemagglutinin and
no neuraminidase
Why is infection with HDV of concern:
HDV exacerbates HBV infection
HDV exacerbates HAV infection
HDV exacerbates HCV infection
HDV exacerbates HEV infection
HDV itself causes severe viral hepatitis
After HBV vaccination the serological profile of the person is:
Anti HBc positive
Anti HBe positive
Anti HBs positive
Anti HBs and anti HBc positive
Anti HBs positive, anti HBc positive and anti HBe positive
The presence of anti-HCV antibody in a person’s serum indicates:
Past infection, currently immune to HCV
B.
C. *
D.
E.
242.
Past vaccination status with HCV
Current or chronic infection with HCV
Hepatitis B must be present as a helper virus in the hepatocytes
The patient’s blood is safe for transfusion
What would be the serological status of a patient successfully immunized with the HBV vaccine?
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
243.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
244.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
245.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
246.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
247.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
248.
A.
B.
C.
D.
HbsAg positive; anti-HBs positive
anti-HBc positive; anti-HBs positive
anti-HBc positive; HbsAg positive
anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive
anti-Hbe positive
A chronic carrier of HBV and HDV may have the following serological status:
HBsAg positive, anti-HDV positive, anti-HBc positive
HBsAg negative, anti-HDV negative, anti-HBc negative
anti-HBs positive, anti-HDV negative, anti-HBc negative
HBsAg positive, anti-HDV negative, anti-HBc positive
HBsAg negative, anti-HDV negative, anti-HBc positive
Choose in the listed which hepatitis viruses are transmitted by the parenteral mechanism?
HAV, HBV, HEV
HAV, HBV
HAV, HEV
HBV, HCV, HDV
HBV, HDV, HEV
A patient with acute HBV infection may have the following serologic profile:
HBsAg negative, anti-HBs antibody positive, anti-HBc antibody positive
HBsAg positive, anti-HBs antibody negative, anti-HBc antibody positive
HBsAg positive, anti-HBs antibody positive, anti-HBc antibody positive
HBsAg negative, anti-HBs antibody negative, anti-HBc antibody positive
HBsAg negative, anti-HBs antibody positive, anti-HBc antibody negative
Choose among the following hepatitis viruses which is defective:
Hepatitis D virus (HDV)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
The specimen from which varicella-zocter virus is most likely to be recovered is:
Saliva
Swab from ulcer
Vesicle fluid
Spinal fluid
Serum
What is the mechanism of the selective action of acyclovir in herpes simplex virus-infected cells?
Acyclovir binds specifically to herpesvirus receptors on the cell surface
Acyclovir blocks the matrix protein of the virus, thereby preventing release by budding
Acyclovir exhibits the RNA polymerase in the viral particle
Acyclovir inhibits capsid formation
E. *
Viral phosphokinase (thymidine kinase) phosphorylates acyclovir more efficiently than does the host
cell phosphokinase
Which one of the following is a common feature of infection by herpes simplex virus?
Rapid progression to encephalitis and death
Chronic progressive tissue damage for many years
249.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
250.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
251.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
252.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
253.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
254.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
255.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
256.
A.
Dissemination to many body sites, including trans-placental passage
Spontaneous recovery with life-long latency
Chronic progressive fatigue
Choose among listed a most common feature of infection caused by herpes simplex virus?
Chronic progressive fatigue
Chronic progressive tissue damage for many years
Dissemination to many body sites, including trans-placental passage
Rapid progression to encephalitis and death
Spontaneous recovery with life-long latency
The primary means of spread of varicella zoster virus is:
saliva
direct contact with lesions
respiratory droplets
fecal-oral route
direct contact with sick child
Which virus does cause congenital defects?
adenovirus
rubivirus
herpes simplex virus
measles virus
mumps virus
Which virus does cause genital herpes?
Herpes simplex virus-1
Herpes simplex virus-2
cytomegalovirus
human herpes virus 6
human herpes virus 8
Which of the following virus is associated with Kaposi’s sarkoma?
Adenovirus
Hepatitis A virus
Hepatitis B virus
Human T cell leukemia virus
Human herpesvirus 8
What tested material should be taken for serologic diagnosis of viral infection?
saliva
swabs from a throat
paired sera
blood
feces
Which viruses have bullet-shaped form?
Adenovirus
B.
C.
D. *
E.
Orthomyxovirus
Paramyxovirus
Rhabdovirus
Rotavirus
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
261.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
262.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
263.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
Which HIV protein molecules do interact with CD4 receptors of lympocytes?
p8
p 17
p 24
gp 41
gp 120
Azidothymidine (AZT) inhibits retroviral replication by:
blocking proteolysis by the viral protease
inhibiting proteolysis by the cellular protease
causing chain termination during reverse transcription
binding the cell surface receptor and preventing viral entry
binding viral integrase protein to prevent integration into the host chromosome
What test is used for primary diagnosis of HIV carriers?
indirect haemagglutination test
complement fixation test
ELISA
neutralization test
haemagglutination inhibition test
Which of the following terms is used to describe a visible clear area, indicating the death of virusinfected cells, in a layer of uninfected cells?
placebo
plack
colony
planchette
plaque
Coxsackie B Virus is associated with the following
Paralytic illness
Myocarditis
Bornholm's disease
Meningitis
All
A multinucleate giant cell formed as a result of cell fusion is called a:
sincitium
sincity
sinecytium
syncytium
synsytium
Which of the following molecules is the cell receptor for human immunodeficiency virus-1?
CD1
CD4
CD44
ICAM-1
E.
264.
A. *
ICAM-4
The clumping of red blood cells by virus particles is known as:
haemagglutination
257.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
258.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
259.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
260.
B.
C.
D.
E.
265.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
266.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
267.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
268.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
269.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
270.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
271.
A.
B.
haemadsorption
haemogglutination
hemygglutination
hemigglutination
In the herpesvirus virion the layer of protein between the capsid and the envelope is the:
tegament
tegumeant
tegument
tegumint
togament
HSV and varicella-zoster virus initiate latent infections in:
endothelial cells
epithelial cells
B lymphocytes
neurones
T lymphocytes
The attenuated polio vaccine was developed by:
Maurice Chevalierc
Albert Einstein
Maurice Hilleman
Albert Sabin
Jonas Salk
Aciclovir is used against:
hepatitis B virus
hepatitis C virus
herpesviruses
HIV
influenza virus
The target viral activity of AZT is:
entry into the cell
reverse transcription
DNA replication
transcription
translation
Live attenuated vaccines are available against the following viruses
Influenza A Virus
Hepatitis B Virus
Rubella Virus
Rhabies Virus
Tick-born encephalitis Virus
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Commonly affect the spinal cord
Is usually diagnosed by culture of the CSF
C.
D.
May be diagnosed by precipitation of the CSF
Should be treated with ribavirin
E. *
272.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
273.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
274.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
275.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
276.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
277.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
278.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
279.
May be diagnosed by the finding of specific antibody in the CSF
The following statements are true of Varicella-Zoster Virus
Causes a maculopapular rash
Respond to AZT therapy
Remains latent in sensory ganglia following primary infection
Recurrent episodes of Shingles usually occur
Patients with shingles are not infectious
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), all correct, except:
Primary infection is usually symptomatic
An infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome may occur during primary infection.
May cause severe infection in immunocompromised individuals
Is not teratogenic
Causes parotitis
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with all, except:
Infectious Mononucleosis
Hepatitis B
Burkitt's lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Oral leukoplakia
HHV-6 is associated with
Burkitt's lymphoma
Roseala Infantum
Kaposi's Sarcoma
Infectious Mononucleosis
Oral leukoplakia
Adenoviruses, all are correct, except:
Are associated with genital cancers
May cause gastroenteritis
May cause conjunctivitis
May cause pneumonia
May cause urethritis
Paramyxoviruses may cause
Croup
Maculopapular rash
Gastritis
Hepatitis
Diarrhoea
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), all are correct, except:
Has only F protein
May cause bronchiolitis
May cause croup
May cause pneumonia
May be prevented by vaccination
HIV Infection may lead to
A.
Dementia
B.
C.
D.
E. *
280.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
281.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
282.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
283.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
284.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
285.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
286.
A.
B.
C.
Chronic Diarrhoea
CMV retinitis
Oesophageal candidiasis
All are correct
The following may be useful for prognostic purposes in HIV-infected individuals
HIV envelope antibody level
HIV-gp120 antigen
HIV-gp41 antigen
CD4 count
HIV pro-viral DNA in leucocytes
The following markers are usually present in a hepatitis B carrier with chronic active hepatitis,
except:
HbeAg
Anti-HBc IgG
Anti-HBc IgM
HBV-DNA
HbsAg
The following virus can be transmitted by fecal-oral way
HAV
HIV
HTLV-1
HBV
HCV
One of the following viruses is associated with gastroenteritis
Measles viruses
RS- viruses
Herpes viruses
Poxviruses
Rotaviruses
The following viruses are transmitted from animals to humans
Rabies Virus
Polioviruses
CMV
Measles Virus
Rotavirus
The following is true of rabies virus
The majority of cases world-wide result from bat bites
Infection may be prevented by active and passive immunisation
Human Rabies vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine
The animal reservoir is the same in all country
May be diagnosed only postmortem
Viruses may contain, except
DNA
RNA
Glycoprotein
D.
E. *
287.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
288.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
289.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
290.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
291.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
292.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
293.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
294.
Enzymes
Cell wall
Viruses are
Obligate intracellular parasites
May divide by binary fission
Have their own metabolism
May contain plasmides
May have a peptidoglycan
The following are direct detection methods
Detection of rotavirus antigen in faecal specimens
Complement fixation test with patient’s serum
Radal hemolysis test
Indirect hemagglutination test
Coombs test
A serological diagnosis of a primary viral infection may be made by
Detection of viral-specific IgA
Detection of viral-specific IgD
Detection of viral-specific IgE
Detection of viral-specific IgM
Detection of viral-specific IgG
Poliovirus can be typed by
Single radial haemolysis (SRH)
Haemagglutination inhibition test (HAI)
Haemagglutination test
Neutralization test
Cytopathic (CPE) effect
Immunofluorescence techniques can be used to detect the following directly from the specimen.
Chlamydia
CMV
All answers are right
Influenza virus
Rabies virus
The following statements are true for the haemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) test, except
Not a quantitative test
Treatment of patient serum is necessary to remove non-specific inhibitors
Animal blood is necessary
Usually more specific than complement fixation tests (CFT)
May be used for the diagnosis of rubella infection
Regarding cell culture
Viruses can only be cultured using cell lines
The presence of cytopathic effect is the only way to detect a virus
The neutralization test is the mainstay of identification of a poliovirus isolate
The haemagglutination inhibition test is the mainstay of identification of a respiratory syncytial virus
(RSV) isolate
Whole blood is the specimen of choice for many common viruses
The following viruses are not associated with respiratory infections
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
295.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
296.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
297.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
298.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
299.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
300.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
301.
A.
B.
C. *
Rotaviruses
Adenoviruses
Influenza viruses
Parainfluenza viruses
RSV
The following viruses are transmitted from animals to humans
Influenza A H5N1, Rabies
HTLV-1, HIV
Influenza B, RS virus
Poliomyelitis, rhinoviruses
HBV, HDV
A chronic carrier state may occur in the following, except:
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis Delta
Hepatitis G
The following viruses are transmitted by blood
Rubella
Polyomielitis
Measles
HEV
HCV
The following may be useful for prognostic purposes in HIV-infected individuals
HIV envelope antibody
HIV-p17 antigen
CD4 count
CD8 count
HIV viral ligase
The following markers are usually present in a hepatitis B carrier with chronic active hepatitis
Anti-HBsAg IgM
HBxAg
Anti-HBc IgM
HBcAg
HBeAg
Choose corect answer
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection may cause a vesicular rash
The rash caused by parvovirus B19 is due to the presence of virus in the skin
Measles is usually diagnosed by viral culture
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is usually diagnosed by hemagglutination test
VZV cannot be grown in cell culture
Rubella infection, all are correct, except
Can be asymptomatic
May be indistinguishable from parvovirus B19
Can have serious side effects when occurring in a woman in the third trimester of pregnancy
D.
Is usually preventable by vaccination
E.
302.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
303.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
304.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
305.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
306.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
307.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
308.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
309.
May be acquired by having close contact with an infant with congenital rubella syndrome
The following are DNA viruses
Influenza A virus
Rubella Virus
Herpesviruses
Hepatitis A Virus
Rabies Virus
The following are positively stranded RNA viruses
Picornaviruses
Orthomyxoviruses
Paramyxoviruses
Bunyaviruses
Rhabdoviruses
The following viruses have segmented genomes, except
Orthomyxoviruses
Herpesviruses
Arenaviruses
Bunyaviruses
Rotaviruses
The following are enveloped viruses
Picornaviruses
Adenoviruses
Rotaviruses
Parvoviruses
Orthomyxoviruses
All viruses
Contain DNA
Contain RNA
Contain hemagglutinin
Are susceptible to lipid solvents
Are intracellular parasites
The following viruses may cause congenital infection
HSV-2
Rubella
HIV
CMV
All are correct
The following viruses have reverse transcriptase, except
HIV-2
HTLV-1
HIV-1
CMV
HTLV-2
The following viruses replicate in the nucleus
A. *
B.
Herpesviruses
Poxviruses
C.
D.
E.
310.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
311.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
312.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
313.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
314.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
315.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
316.
A.
B.
C.
Picornaviruses
Rhabdoviruses
Paramyxoviruses
The following are is not viral zoonoses
Rubella
Rabies
Hantaviruses
Lassa Fever
Japanese Encephalitis
Reassortment of genes may occur with
HSV-1
HBV
HIV
Influenza A Virus
Adenoviruses
The following statements are true of prions
Readily inactivated by autoclave at 121 oC
Contain RNA
Have long incubation periods
Highly immunogenic
May be readily cultured
The following are "slow virus" diseases, except
Tick-born Encephalitis
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
Subacute Scelerosing Panecephalitis (SSPE)
Rabies
Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML)
HSV-1 infection may result in all, except
Encephalitis
Gingivostomatitis
Genital Herpes
Corneal Ulcers
Shingles
The following viruses are associated with a vesicular rash
Rubella Virus
Measles Virus
Parvovirus
Varicella Zoster virus
Rubella, measles, and parvoviruses cause a maculopapular rash
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Primary infection is usually asymptomatic
An infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome may occur during primary infection
May cause severe infection in immunocompromised individuals
D.
E. *
317.
May cause congenital infection
All are correct
HHV-8 is associated with
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
318.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
319.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
320.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
321.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
322.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
323.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
324.
Fifth disease
Roseala Infantum
Kaposi's Sarcoma
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Oral leukoplakia
The following statements are true
Influenza A may undergo antigenic shift
Influenza B may undergo antigenic shift
Influenza C may undergo antigenic drift
Influenza C may respond to amantidine
Influenza B may respond to amantidine
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Cause disease mainly in adults
May cause bronchiolitis
May be prevented by vaccination
May be treated by amantidine
May cause latent infections
HIV may respond to
Nucleoside analogues
Protease inhibitors
Azidothymidin
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
All are correct
Hepatitis A infection
May result in chronic infection
May be prevented by acyclovir
May be prevented by vaccination
Is highly infectious during the jaundice phase
May result in cirrhosis
Hepatitis B infection
May result in chronic infection
May result in cirrhosis of the liver
May result in hepatocellular carcinoma
Is highly infectious when positive for HBeAg
All are correct
Choose incorrect statement about Hepatitis C virus
May be transmitted by blood
Is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
May respond to interferon therapy
Has one stable genotype only
Can cause chronic infection
?Which of the following is not true regarding viruses?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
All have a protein capsid and envelope
May be DNA, RNA, Single, or Double-stranded
All are obligate intracellular parasites
Release virions during cell lysis or budding
E.
325.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
326.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
327.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
328.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
329.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
330.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
331.
A. *
B.
C.
All are true
What type of immunity is most responsible for fighting viral infections?
Cell-Mediated Immunity
Humoral Immunity
Innate Immunity
All are true
Nonspecific immunity
Viruses are different from bacteria. All sentences are correct exept:
Viruses do not replicate by binary fission
Viruses are bigger
Viruses are obligate intracellularly
All are true
Viruses contain RNA or DNA
Which is not true regarding adsorption?
Requires ATP
Virus attaches to host membrane
Process is random and reversible
Nonenveloped viruses attach via exposed capsid regions
All are true
Viruses are classified according to all of the following except:
Host required for survival
Type of replication
Structure of virion
Type of nucleic acid
Structure of virus (your answer)
Which is not true regarding capsids?
composed of repeating subunits
Unable to self-assemble into virions
Helical structure has fixed number of subunits and is spherical in shape
All are false
All are true
Adenoviridae, Poxviridae, and Herpesviridae are:
Double-stranded DNA
Single-stranded DNA virus
Single-stranded RNA virus
Double-stranded RNA
Mixed-stranded DNA
Which of the following viruses contains noncomplete strand of NA?
Hepadnoviridae
Reoviridiae
Rhabdoviridae
D.
E.
332.
A. *
B.
Poxviridae
Parvoviridae
Picornaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Togaviridae are:
Single-stranded RNA virus
Double-stranded DNA
C.
D.
E.
333.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
334.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
335.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
336.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
337.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
338.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
339.
Single-stranded DNA virus
Double-stranded RNA
Mixed-stranded DNA
What is the outside, protein coat on a virus called?
capsid
genetic material
envelope
tail fibers
spike
Virulent viruses reproduce by
the lytic cycle
mitosis
the lysogenic cycle
binary fission
the abortive cycle
Viral DNA that is incorporated into a host cell's chromosome is called a
provirus
plasmid
party animal
bacteriophage
no correct answer
DNA of animal’s virus that is incorporated into a host cell's chromosome is called a
provirus
plasmid
party animal
bacteriophage
no correct answer
Bacteriophage DNA that is incorporated into a host cell's chromosome is called a
prophage
plasmid
party animal
provirus
no correct answer
Viruses require this for reproduction.
host cell
tail fibers
a mate
cell membrane
envelope
What is a virus?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
340.
Sub-Microscopic
Bacteria
Host Cell
Not here
cell
What is Bacteriophage?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
341.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
342.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
343.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
344.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
345.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
346.
A. *
B.
C.
Virus that infects bacteria
Host Cell
Lyses
Molecule
Macrophage
What does prions cause in a particle?
Protein
Virus
Bacteria
Molecules
Cells
HIV infects and destroys certain cells of?
Immune System
Virus
Bacteria
Molecule
Hepatocytes
Does antibiotics have effect on viruses?
No because it does not kill it
Yes
None of the following
It depend on antibiotic group
Antibiotics can neutralize viruses
What is capsid?
Protein of a virus
Bacteria
Not Here
Host Cell
Lipid envelope
Blood donors in the United Kingdom are screened for evidence of infection except
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis C virus
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Human T-lymphotropic vius type 1 (HTLV1)
Treponema pallidum
The following statements are true of Varicella-Zoster Virus
Remains latent in sensory ganglia following primary infection
Causes a maculopapular rash
Respond to AZT therapy
D.
E.
347.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Recurrent episodes of Shingles usually occur
Patients with shingles are not infectious
The following statement is false of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Primary infection is usually symptomatic
An infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome may occur during primary infection
May cause severe infection in immunocompromised individuals
Is teratogenic
E.
348.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
349.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
350.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
351.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
352.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
353.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
354.
All are true
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with all of following diasese, EXCEPT:
Herpangine
Infectious Mononucleosis
Hepatitis
Burkitt's lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
HHV-6 is associated with
Roseala Infantum
Kaposi's Sarcoma
Oral leukoplakia
Burkitt's lymphoma
Hepatitis
Coxsackie B Virus is associated with the following
All are true
Myocarditis
Severe congenital infection
Meningitis
Paralytic illness
The following statements are true of Influenza A Virus, EXCEPT:
Vaccination confers lifelong protection
May undergo antigenic shift and antigenic drift
May cause pandemics
Respond to rimantidine
Respond to neuraminidase inhibitors
Paramyxoviruses do not may cause
Maculopapular rash
Croup
Pneumonia
Bronchiolitis
All are true
The following statement is NOT true of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV):
May be prevented by vaccination
May cause bronchiolitis
May cause croup
May cause pneumonia
All are false
All the following statements are true of Measles Virus Infection, EXCEPT:
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
355.
A. *
B.
Causes a rash
May cause encephalitis
Does not respond to acyclovir
May be prevented by HNIG
May be prevented by vaccination
Wich of the following statements are true Rubella Virus?
Is teratogenic
Congenital rubella is charaterised by eye, ear and heart defects
C.
Congenital rubella is diagnosed by the finding of rubella-specific antibody in the cord blood of
infants
Infants with congenital rubella poses a great infectious risk
All are true
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with
Adult T-cell lymphoma
Burkitt's lymphoma
encephalitis
Multiple Sclerosis
All are true
HIV Infection may lead to
Dementia
CMV retinitis
Chronic Diarrhoea
Oesophageal candidiasis
All are true
All viruses are:
Contain DNA
Contain RNA
Contain hemagglutinin
Are susceptible to lipid solvents
Are intracellular parasites
The term virus was first used by
Koch
van Leewuenhoek
Fleming
Redi
Pasteur
A virion refers to
a core
an envelope, if present
a coat
none of the above
all of the above
An alternative term for 'virus particle' is:
virian
virin
D.
E.
356.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
357.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
358.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
359.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
360.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
361.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
362.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
viron
virone
virion
Which of the following is not true about viroids?
they exist inside of cells without capsids or envelopes
they do not require a helper phage
their genome is always copied in the host-cell nucleus
each consists of a single circular RNA molecule
they produce protein from its genome
363.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
364.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
365.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
366.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
367.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
368.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
All viruses have
RNA
envelopes
glycoprotein spikes
DNA
host specificity
The following are enveloped viruses
Picornaviruses
Adenoviruses
Rotaviruses
Parvoviruses
Orthomyxoviruses
Viruses
Contain both DNA and RNA
Have their own metabolism
May contain enzymes for nutrition
Cell wall
May have an envelope
What is main component of all mammalian viruses?
an envelope
a polymerase
an icosahedral capsid
a lipid
a nucleic acid
Viruses may contain, except
DNA
RNA
Glycoprotein
Enzymes
Cell wall
Viral genetic material can be composed of
single-stranded RNA
single-stranded DNA
double-stranded RNA
double-stranded DNA
All of these
369.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
370.
A.
B.
C.
Viruses are
May divide by binary fission
Have their own metabolism
May contain plasmides
May have a peptidoglycan
Obligate intracellular parasites
Within which of the following size ranges do most virions fall?
2-35 nm
20-1,000 nm
10-200 µm
D.
E. *
371.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
372.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
373.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
374.
200-350 µm
20-350 nm
The smallest known viruses are:
Adenovirus
Orthomyxovirus
Paramyxovirus
Picornavirus
Enterovirus
The viral protein coat is also referred to as a(n
core
cell membrane
envelope
cell wall
capsid
An alternative term for the protein coat of a virus particle is:
capside
capsule
caspid
cuspid
capsid
Depending on the virus, projections referred to as spikes may or may not extend from the viral
envelope. These spikes are composed of
phospholipids
carbohydrates
glycolipids
proteins
glycoproteins
Which of the following is the most common polyhedral shape of a virus?
bullet-shaped
dodecahedral
helical
complex
icosahedral
Which of the following is not true?
viral nucleic acid can be single-stranded
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
375.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
376.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
377.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
378.
viral nucleic acid can be double-stranded
viral genomes can be DNA
viral genomes can be RNA
viruses contain DNA and RNA
Viral specificity takes into account all of the following, except
the specific receptors on the host cells
the availability of appropriate host enzymes
the specific attachment structures on the viral capsid or envelope
the availability of host organelles for replication
the nature of the viral genome
Which of the following is mismatched?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
379.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
380.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
381.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
382.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
383.
A.
B.
C.
D.
viscerotropic - infecting organs of the digestive tract
dermotropic - infecting the skin
neurotropic - infecting nervous tissue
pneumotropic - infecting the respiratory system
genotropic - infecting the chromosome
The following are RNA viruses
Adenoviruses
Papillomaviruses
Poxviruses
Herpesviruses
Picornaviruses
The following are DNA viruses
Influenza A virus
Rubella Virus
Hepatitis A Virus
Rabies Virus
Herpesviruses
The following are DNA viruses
Orthomyxoviruses
Enteroviruses
Flaviviruses
Rotaviruses
Herpesviruses
The following are positively stranded RNA viruses
Orthomyxoviruses
Paramyxoviruses
Bunyaviruses
Rhabdoviruses
Picornaviruses
In a minus-sense RNA virus:
the virus does not need RNA polymerase
the virus's RNA acts as messenger RNA
the virus has a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
the virus contains double-stranded RNA
E. *
384.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
385.
A.
B.
C.
D.
the virus has an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Which virus was the first one to be purposely eradicated from the face of the Earth?
chickenpox
swinepox
cowpox
avianpox
smallpox
Which of the following is not in the proper order for viral replication?
adsorption
penetration
maturation
release
E. *
386.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
387.
A.
B.
C.
biosynthesis
Which of the following is necessary for a virus to reproduce
a vaccine
a high body temperature
sunlight, water, and food
a high concentration of protein
a living host cell
Regarding cell culture
Viruses can only be cultured using cell lines
The presence of cytopathic effect is the only way to detect a virus
The haemagglutination inhibition test is the mainstay of identification of a respiratory syncytial virus
(RSV) isolate
Whole blood is the specimen of choice for many common viruses
The neutralization test is the mainstay of identification of a poliovirus isolate
What of the following is necessary for reproduction of viruses?
a high body temperature
a vaccine
sunlight, water, and food
a high concentration of protein
a living host cell
Which of the following is not true about viral replication in animals?
adsorption is very specific
enveloped viruses have spikes that interact with host-cell surfaces
naked viruses have attachment sites on the surfaces of their capsid
both the nucleic acid and the capsid normally penetrate the animal cells
specificity involves the interaction of the virus with the animal cell wall
The following viruses replicate in the nucleus
Poxviruses
Picornaviruses
Rhabdoviruses
Paramyxoviruses
Herpesviruses
Which of the following will not support the growth of viruses?
D.
E. *
388.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
389.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
390.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
391.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
392.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
393.
A.
embryonated eggs
continuous cell cultures
animals
primary cell cultures
blood agar
Intracellular structures formed during many viral infections are:
Procaryotes
Chromosomal disruptions
Cytocidal bodies
All are true
Inclusion bodies
A multinucleate giant cell formed as a result of cell fusion is called a:
sincitium
B.
C.
D.
E. *
394.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
395.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
396.
sincity
sinecytium
synsytium
syncytium
Viruses in the body are destroyed by:
red blood cells.
vaccines
antibodies
B cells
white blood cells.
A phage genome that resides in a bacterial host in a latent state is known as a:
prephage
prephagenome
prophagenome
provirus
prophage
Which of the following specifically prevents the adsorption or biosynthesis of phages of the type
whose DNA is already carried by the lysogen?
lysogenic cycle
temperate phages
lytic cycle
induction
lysogenic conversion
The _____________ state of some human viruses is where the viral DNA is hidden within the host
chromosomes.
latent
invasive
lytic
virulent
lysogenic
A bacteriophage may infect a host cell without producing progeny in a ___________infection.
lytic
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
397.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
398.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
399.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
400.
A.
B.
C.
D.
virulent
nucleic
deficient
lysogenic
Bacteria use ____________ to defend themselves against bacteriophages.
macrophages
lymphokines
antibodies
antibiotics
restriction enzymes
Which of the following is not true about adsorption and the penetration of bacteriophage T4?
adsorption is a chemical reaction
the tail fibers bend to allow the pins to touch the cell surface
adsorption requires specific receptor sites on the host cells
adsorption requires protein-recognition factors in the phage tail fibers
E. *
401.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
402.
the entire virus is delivered into the host cell
Which of the following is mismatched?
cell strain - genetically identical cells subcultured from a primary cell line
primary cell cultures - come directly from the animal
subculturing - cells from an existing culture are transferred to fresh media
continuous cell line - cells that reproduce for an extended number of generations
immortal cell lines - continuous cell lines that contain genetically identical cells
Which of the following terms is used to describe a visible clear area, indicating the death of virusinfected cells, in a layer of uninfected cells?
placebo
plack
colony
planchette
plaque
If you had a phage suspension in a test tube, which of the following techniques would you use to
determine the number of viruses in the tube?
spectrophotometric analysis
count from electron micrographs
light microscopy and a counting chamber
most probable number
plaque assay
Prions:
are easily inactivated at 90 degrees centigrade
are also called viroids
are infectious pieces of RNA
is the name given to latent viruses
are infectious particles not destroyed by DNase or RNase
Which of the following neurodegenerative diseases has not been proved to be prion-caused?
kuru
scrapie
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
403.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
404.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
405.
A.
B.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
407.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
408.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Alzheimer's disease
Which of the following is the agent associated with development of neurodegenrative disease in
livestock and humans?
Viroids
virions
Virinos
Viruses
Prions
The following statements are true of prions
Readily inactivated by autoclave at 121 oC
Contain RNA
Highly immunogenic
May be readily cultured
Have long incubation periods
A ____________ is a protein that can take one of two forms, one of which causes disease.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
409.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
410.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
411.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
412.
A.
B.
C.
D.
viroid
restriction enzyme
virion
bacteriophage
prion
What tested material should be taken for serologic diagnosis of viral infection?
saliva
swabs from a throat
blood
feces
paired sera
For indication of the viruses in tested material we can use all tests EXCEPT:
Haemagglutination test
Haemadsorption test
Inoculation of laboratory animal
Inoculation of chicken embryo
Complement fixation test
The clumping of red blood cells by virus particles is known as:
haemadsorption
haemogglutination
hemygglutination
hemigglutination
haemagglutination
There are such components of haemagglutination test:
Viruses, chicken red cells, antigen
Viruses, chicken red cells, specific serum
Viruses, chicken red cells, paired patient’s serums
Viruses, chicken red cells, viral diagnosticum, electrolyte
C.
D.
E. *
406.
E. *
413.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
414.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
415.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Viruses, chicken red cells, electrolyte
Choose necessary components of haemagglutination inhibition test for virologic diagnosis:
Unknown viruses, erythrocytes, electrolyte, specific immune serum, complement
Patient’s paired serums, viral diagnosticum, erythrocytes, electrolyte
Patient’s paired serums, unknown viruses, erythrocytes, electrolyte
Known viruses, erythrocytes, electrolyte, specific immune serum
Unknown viruses, erythrocytes, electrolyte, specific immune antiviral serum
The following are direct detection methods
Complement fixation test with patient’s serum
Radal hemolysis test
Indirect hemagglutination test
Coombs test
Detection of rotavirus antigen in faecal specimens
A serological diagnosis of a primary viral infection may be made by
Detection of viral-specific IgA
Detection of viral-specific IgD
Detection of viral-specific IgE
Detection of viral-specific IgG
E. *
416.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
417.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
418.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
419.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
420.
A.
Detection of viral-specific IgM
Immunofluorescence techniques can be used to detect the following directly from the specimen.
Chlamydia
CMV
Influenza virus
Rabies virus
All are correct
The following statements are true for the haemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) test, except
Treatment of patient serum is necessary to remove non-specific inhibitors
Animal blood is necessary
Usually more specific than complement fixation tests (CFT)
May be used for the diagnosis of rubella infection
Not a quantitative test
How are the herpes viruses classified?
Single stranded DNA, non enveloped
Positive stranded RNA, enveloped
Positive stranded RNA, non enveloped
Double stranded DNA, non enveloped
Double stranded DNA, enveloped
The number of capsomeres in the herpesvirus capsid is:
132
150
158
168
162
In the herpesvirus virion the layer of protein between the capsid and the envelope is the:
tegament
B.
C.
D.
E. *
421.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
422.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
423.
A.
B.
tegumeant
tegumint
togament
tegument
Which viruses have tegument?
Polioviruses
Adenoviruses
Influenza viruses
Measels viruses
Herpesviruses
Which of the following is not true about latency?
is a universal property of herpes viruses
has the ability to remain in host cells for long periods
retains the ability to replicate
is reactivated as a result of psychological or physical factors
usually remains in nephrons
Latency is a feature of which group of viruses?
Polioviruses
Poxviruses
C.
D.
E. *
424.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
425.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
426.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
427.
Paramyxoviruses
Hepatitis A Viruses
Herpesviruses
Choose among listed which viruses don’t cause latency infection.
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex virus
Varicella-zoster virus
Ebstain-Barr virus
Polioviruses
Which one of the following is a common feature of infection by herpes simplex virus?
Rapid progression to encephalitis and death
Chronic progressive tissue damage for many years
Dissemination to many body sites, including trans-placental passage
Chronic progressive fatigue
Spontaneous recovery with life-long latency
HSV-1 infection may result in all, except
Encephalitis
Gingivostomatitis
Genital Herpes
Corneal Ulcers
Shingles
Herpes simplex virus type 1 most commonly causes cold sores. The site of reactivation for this virus
is the
vagus nerve
B lymphocyte
epidermal cell
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
428.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
429.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
430.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
eighth cranial nerve
trigeminal nerve
Which virus does cause gingivostomatitis?
cytomegalovirus
polyovirus
measles virus
mumps virus
herpes simplex virus 1
What is the specimen from which herpes simplex virus is most likely to be cultured:
saliva
spinal fluid.
swab from ulcer.
blood
vesicle fluid.
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Commonly affect the spinal cord
Is usually diagnosed by culture of the CSF
May be diagnosed by precipitation of the CSF
Should be treated with ribavirin
May be diagnosed by the finding of specific antibody in the CSF
431.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
432.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
433.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
434.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
435.
Which virus does cause genital herpes?
Herpes simplex virus-1
cytomegalovirus
human herpes virus 6
human herpes virus 8
Herpes simplex virus-2
From which specimen herpes simplex virus type II is most likely to be isolated:
Saliva
Serum
Spinal fluid
Swab from ulcer
Vesicle fluid
The primary means of spread of varicella zoster virus is:
direct contact with lesions
saliva
fecal-oral route
direct contact with sick child
respiratory droplets
The specimen from which varicella-zocter virus is most likely to be recovered is:
Swab from ulcer
Saliva
Spinal fluid
Serum
Vesicle fluid
At which specimen we can indicate herpes zoster virus more frequently?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
436.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
437.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
438.
A.
B.
C.
blood
saliva
spinal fluid.
swab from ulce
vesicle fluid.
The following statements are true of Varicella-Zoster Virus
Causes a maculopapular rash
Respond to AZT therapy
Recurrent episodes of Shingles usually occur
Patients with shingles are not infectious
Remains latent in senSory ganglia following primary infection
?Which of the following bacteria is cell wall deficient?
Mycoplasma.
Treponema.
Slaphylococcus.
Klebsiella.
Salmonella
Each of the following organisms is an important cause of urinary tract infections EXCEPT:
Escherichia coli
Proteus mirabilis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
D. *
E.
439.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
440.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
441.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
442.
A.
B.
C.
Bacteroides fragilis
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Complications of typhoid fever are:
liver abscesses
intestinal perforation
meningitis
neurological damage
sepsis
Shigella is transmitted by
alimentary route
flies
infected dust
air dropled
louse
Antitoxic therapy is useful in:
gas gangrene.
diphtheria.
tetanus
answers are right.
botulism
What does haemophilus influenzae need it cultivation?
blood
NAD
hemin
D.
E. *
443.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
444.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
445.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
446.
A.
X factor
all of the above
Formation of a gummas is
a damaged aorta
a damaged liver
a degenerative lesions
the primary lesion of syphilis
the result of congenital syphilis
The treatment of choice for syphilis is:
antiserum
penicillin
vaccine
tetracycline
aurum drug
Which of the treponematoses are not veneral disease, except?
bejel
pinta
yaws
endemic syphilis
syphilis
Lyme disease is caused by ______ and spread by ______.
Borrelia recurrentis, lice
B. *
C.
D.
E.
447.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
448.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
449.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
450.
Borrelia burgdorferi, ticks
Borrelia burgdorferi, chiggers
Borrelia hermsii, ticks
Borrelia recurrentis, ticks
Epidemic Relapsing fever is spread by
lice
ticks
flea
mosquites
animal urine
Endemic Relapsing fever is spread by
lice
ticks
flea
mosquites
animal urine
The source of Vibrio cholerae infection is
birds
carriers, sick persons
animals
water
food
The best treatment for cholera is
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
451.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
452.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
453.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
antiserum injection
rehydration therapy
tetracycline
toxoid
vaccine
Rickettsias and chlamydias are similar in being
carried by arthropod vectors
free of a cell wall
obligate intracellular bacteria
produce exotoxin
the cause of eye infections
Which of the following is/are an arthropod vector of rickettsioses?
flea
louse
tick
all answers are right
mosquito
Which organs Chlamydia trachomatis can attack?
eye
urethra
fallopian tubes
lungs
all of these
454.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
455.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
456.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
457.
A.
B.
C.
Each of the following statements concerning neisseriae is correct EXCEPT:
They are gram-negative diplococci
They produce IgA protease as a virulence factor
They are oxidase-positive
They grow best under anaerobic conditions
They have pili
Ornithosis is a _____ infection associated with ______
rickettsial, parrots
chlamydial, birds
rickettsial, flies
chlamydial, rats
chlamydial, mice
BCG vaccine is a:
live attenuated vaccine
killed vaccine
toxoid vaccine.
subcelullar vaccine.
recombinant vaccine.
Mycoplasmas damage next structure of host cells.
nucleus
cell walls
ribosomes
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
461.
A. *
B.
cell membranes
mitochondria
A child develops pneumonia. The bacterium capsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae is cultured from
the patient’s sputum. How did the presence of capsules promote development of serious disease?
Prevented binding of antibodies to the bacteria.
Prevented initiation of a humoral immune response
Prevented activation of helper T cells
Prevented phagocytosis by neutrophils.
Prevented mast-cell degranulation.
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome is caused by:
enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
enterotoxigenic E. coli.
enteroinvasive E. coli
enterohaemorrhagic E. coli
enteroaggregative E. coli.
A child under treatment for leukemia is treated with Tetanus immune globulin (human). Which
phrase best describes the immunity that is produced?
Innate and specific.
Innate and humoral.
Innate and cell-mediated.
Acquired and humoral.
Acquired and cell-mediated.
Which of the following media is an enrichment medium for the isolation of Shigella?
Selenite broth.
Tetrathionate broth.
C.
D.
E.
462.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
463.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
464.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Alkaline peptone water
Taurocholate peptone transport and enrichment medium
Endo medium
Which one of the following statements concern ing Legionella pneumophila is CORRECT?
It is part of the normal flora of the colon
It cannot be grown on laboratory media
It does not have a cell wall
It is an important cause of pneumonia in renal transplant patients
Legionellosis is sexual transmitted disease
Morphology of Treponema pallidum is:
Spiral-shaped
Mold
Vibrio
Rod
Yeast
Toxin of Vibrio cholerae is:
LPS
Toxic shock syndrome toxin
Enterotoxins
Hemolysins
D. *
E.
458.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
459.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
460.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
466.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
467.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
468.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Toxin - activates adenylate cyclase
Which statement below most accurately describes the role of M protein in virulence of Group A
Streptococci [Streptococcus pyogenes]?
Shows no antigenic variation, so is not a target for antibodies.
Is a ‘superantigen toxin’ which stimulates TH cells.
Stimulates synthesis of antibodies that cross-reacts with heart tissue
Binds Fc regions of Immunoglobulin G molecules.
Inhibit phagocytosis
Which test below would best distinguish S. aureus from one of the less-virulent staphylococci?
Production of catalase
Colony color when grown on BHI agar
Ability to grow on MacConkey agar.
Production of coagulase.
Type of hemolysis on sheep blood agar.
Which of the following staining techniques cannot be used for T. pallidum?
Gram staining.
Giemsa staining.
Silver impregnation staining.
Imunofluorescence staining.
Burri staining.
Louse-borne relapsing fever is caused by:
Borrelia recurrentis.
B. duttoni.
B. burgdorferi.
B. parkeri.
B. persica
469.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
470.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
471.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
472.
Bacterial genus/genera of medical importance
Bacillus.
Clostridium.
both of the above.
Bacteroides
none of the above
Which of the following bacteria dies quickly after drying?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Staphylococcus aureus.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Bacillus anthracis
Treponema pallidium
Which of the following exotoxins is most toxic?
Botulinum toxin.
Tetanus toxin.
Diphtheria toxin.
Cholera toxin.
Shigella toxin
A person is considered non-immune against tetanus if:
E. *
465.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
473.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
474.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
475.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
476.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
477.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
478.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
479.
A.
he has never had an injection of tetanus toxoid or if he had only one such injection.
more than 6 months have passed after a course of 2 injections.
five to 10 years have passed after the planned course of three injections.
more than 2 months have passed after one an injection of antitetanus serum
all are correct.
Rickettsia typhi is:
Helminths
Protozoa
Fungi
Viruses
Bacteria
An old woman has a urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. By what route are such infections most
commonly acquired?
Fecal-oral route, followed by colonization of the intestine and then the perineum.
Respiratory route, followed by spread from the oro-pharyngeal region
Respiratory route, followed by spread from the anterior nares
Intestinal infection, followed by spread of bacteria to the urethra via the bloodstream.
E. coli spreads from skin
The most severe streptococcal diseases are caused by
group A streptococci
group B streptococci
pneumococci
group C streptococci
enterococci
A complication of genital gonorrhea in newborns is
infertility
pelvic inflammatory disease
arthritis
blindness
urethritis
Which infectious agent of those covered in the chapter would most likely be acquired from a
contaminated doorknob?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
What is the usual habitat of endospore-forming bacteria that are agents of disease?
the intestine of animals
soil
water
foods
dust
Most Bacillus species are
true pathogens
B.
C. *
D.
E.
480.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
481.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
482.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
483.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
opportunistic pathogens
nonpathogens
commensals
saprophyticus
Many clostridial diseases require a/an ______ conditions for their development.
anaerobic
aerobic
living tissue
low-pH
alkaline pH
The action of tetanus exotoxin is on the
neuromuscular junction
sensory neurons
nucleus of hypocamp
cerebral cortex
spinal interneurons
An infection peculiar to swine causes _______ when transmitted to humans.
anthrax
diphtheria
erysipeloid
plage
tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is spread by
contaminated fomites
food
respiratory droplets
vectors
urine
484.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
485.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
486.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
Microbial diagnosis of tuberculosis is provided by
X ray
Mantoux test
acid-fast stain
tuberculin test
allergic test
The form of leprosy associated with severe disfigurement of the face is
borderline
chronic
lepromatous
papular
tuberculoid
Group of Candida albicans is:
Bacteria
Protozoa
Viruses
Fungi
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
491.
A. *
B.
Helminths
Which of the following bacteria belong/s to the family Enterobacteriaceae?
Shigella.
Salmonella.
Yersinia.
Proteus
All answers are corect
The bubo of bubonic plague is a/an
enlarged lymph node
granuloma in the skin
infected sebaceous gland
tumor of lymph node
ulcer where the flea bite occurred
Treponema pallidum is cultured in/on
blood agar
eggs
horse serum
rabit testis
serum broth
A child at-risk for Tetanus is treated with Tetanus immune globulin (human). What is a major
advantage of this method for immunization over the use of Tetanus toxoid?
Poses a reduced risk of serum sickness.
Provides longer-lasting immunity
Provides protection more rapidly.
Results in higher antibody titer.
Also provides secretory IgA for mucosal immunity.
Tetanus is very dangerous disease because Clostridium botulini produces exotoxin.
Stimulates adenyl cyclase.
Neurotoxin which cause flaccid paralyzes.
C.
D.
E.
492.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
493.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
494.
Inhibits guanyl cyclase
Cleaves ribosomal RNA.
Stimulates production of cytokines.
Infective-toxic type of food poisoning is not caused by:
Clostridium perfringens.
Salmonella Enteritidis.
Staphylococcus aureus.
Yeasts
Salmonella Dublin.
The symptoms in scarlet fever are due to
streptolysin
coagulase
erythrogenic toxin
alpha toxin
leucocidin
Which of the following agents is the commonest cause of infective endocarditis?
E.
487.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
488.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
489.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
490.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
497.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
498.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Candida spp.
Viridans group of streptococci.
Coliforms.
Rickettsia
Human body louse is responsible for transmission of which of the following diseases?
Epidemic typhus.
Murine typhus
Rickettsialpox.
Q fever.
Typhi fever
Which of the following specimens is/are most appropriate for culture of bacteria in first week of
enteric fever?
Urine.
Blood.
Faeces.
CSF.
Bile
What is the colour of colonies of C. diphtheriae on blood tellurite agar medium?
White.
Grey to black.
Cream.
Yellow.
Green
Which of the following properties is/are
It is a heat-labile protein.
It inhibits protein synthesis.
It is produced by Corynebacterium diptheriae strains lysogenic for p phage.
It is exotoxin
All are correct.
499.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
500.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
501.
A.
B.
Penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus can be treated with ______ without sensitivity testing.
ampicillin
erythromycin
methicillin
amoxycillin
no antibiotic
Ascoli's thermoprecipitin test helps in confirming the laboratory diagnosis of:
anthrax.
tetanus.
typhoid.
cholera.
pertussis
Which organs are affected in a patient with rheumatic fever?
skin, heart
joints, bone marrow
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
495.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
496.
C. *
D.
E.
502.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
503.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
504.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
505.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
506.
A.
B. *
C.
heart valves, kidneys
brain, kidneys
heart, bone marrow
______ hemolysis is the partial lysis of red blood cells due to bacterial hemolysins.
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
Epsilon
An effective vaccine exists to prevent crupouse pneumonia from
Staph, aureus
Strep. pyogenes
K. pneumoniae
Strep. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
Viridans streptococci commonly cause
pneumonia
meningitis
subacute endocarditis
otitis media
arthritis
Which genus of bacteria has pathogens that can cause blindness in newborn?
Branhamella
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Neisseria
Shigella
The skin blotches in meningitis are due to
blood clots
endotoxins in the blood
erysipelas
D.
E.
507.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
508.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
exotoxin in skin
skin invasion by N. meningitidis
Bubonic plague is transmitted by:
rat flea.
inhalation.
ingestion.
ticks
any route.
The pathogenesis of which one of the following diseases does NOT involve an exotoxin?
Scarlet fever
Typhoid fever
Toxic shock syndrome
Botulism
Tetanus
509.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
510.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
511.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
512.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
513.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
514.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
515.
A.
B. *
C.
Regarding the effect of benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) on bacteria, which one of the following
organisms is LEAST likely to be resistant?
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterococcus faecalis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
Each of the following statements concerning chlamydia is correct EXCEPT:
Obligate intracellular parasite
Gramnegative
Symptomatic infections can be associated with urethral or cervical discharge containing many
polymorphonuclear leukocytes
There is no vaccine against these infections
Chlamydiae are cultivated onto nutritient media
Which one of the following illnesses is NOT a zoonosis?
Typhoid fever
Q fever
Tularemia
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Brucelosis
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of either Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Neisseria
meningitidis?
A protein
Polysaccharide capsule
IgA protease
Pili
Ferments glucose
Which one of the following is NOT an important characteristic of Streptococcus pyogenes?
Protein A
M protein
Beta-hemolysin
Polysaccharide group-specific substance
Produce exotoxins
Each of the following statements concerning wound infections caused by Clostridium perfringens is
correct EXCEPT:
An exotoxin plays a role in pathogenesis
Gram-positive rods are found in the exudate
The organism grows only in human cell culture
Anaerobic culture of the wound site should be ordered
The organism has capsule
Three organisms, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae
cause the vast majority of cases of bacterial meningitis. What is the MOST important pathogenic
component they share?
Protein A
Capsule
Endotoxin
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
520.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
beta-Lactamase
Exotoxin
Each of the following statements concerning Chlamydia trachomatis is correct EXCEPT:
It is an important cause of nongonococcal urethritis
It is the cause of lymphogranuloma venereum
It is an important cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis
It is an important cause of conjunctivitis
There is no vaccine against these infections
Which one of the following types of organisms is NOT an obligate intracellular parasite and therefore
can replicate on bacteriologic media?
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Adenovirus
Rickettsia
Herpesrirus
Tissue-degrading enzymes play an important role in the pathogenesis of several bacteria. Which one
of the following is NOT involved in tissue or cell damage?
Lecithinase of Clostridium perfringens
Hyaluronidase of Streptococcus pyogenes
M protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Leukocidin of Staphylococcus aureus
Enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus
The soil is the natural habitat for certain microorganisms of medical importance. Which one of the
following is LEAST likely to reside there?
Clostridium tetani
Mycobacterium intracellular
Bacillus anthracis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Clostridium perfringens
Each of the following statements concerning infection with Chlamydia psittaci is correct EXCEPT:
C psittaci can be isolated by growth in cell culture and will not grow in blood agar
The organism appears purple in Gram-stained smears of sputum
The infection is more readily diagnosed by serologic tests than by isolation of the organism
C psittaci forms inclusion in the cells
E.
521.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
522.
A.
B.
The infection is more commonly acquired from a nonhuman source than from another human
Of the organisms listed below, which one is the MOST frequent bacterial cause of pharyngitis?
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Neisseria meningitidis
Each of the following statements concerning exotoxins is correct EXCEPT:
Some strains of Escherichia coli produce an enterotoxin that causes diarrhea
Cholera toxin acts by stimulating adenylate cyclase
D.
E.
516.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
517.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
518.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
519.
527.
A.
B. *
C.
Diphtheria is caused by an exotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating an elongation
factor
Botulism is caused by a toxin that hydrolyzes lecithin (lecithinase), thereby destroying nerve cells
Botulism, which is caused by ingesting preformed toxin, can be prevented by boiling food prior to
eating
Each of the following statements concerning the VDRL test for syphilis is correct EXCEPT:
The antigen is composed of inactivated Treponema pallidum
The test is usually positive in secondary syphilis
False-positive results are more frequent than with the FTA-ABS test
The antibody titer declines with adequate therapy
Reagin is detected in patiant‘s serum
In Widal test, the significant titre for О agglutinins is generally:
1: 50 or more.
1:100 or more.
1:200 or more.
1:400 or more.
1:800 or more.
Each of the following statements concerning Corynebacterium diphtheriae is correct EXCEPT:
C. diphtheriae is a gram-positive rod that does not form spores
Toxin production is dependent on the organism's being lysogenized by a bacteriophage
Diphtheria toxoid should not be given to children under the age of 3 years because the incidence of
complications is too high
Antitoxin should be used to treat patients with diphtheria
Toxoid is used for active prophylaxis
Each of the following statements concerning certain gram-negative rods is correct EXCEPT:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes wound infections that are characterized by blue-green pus as a
result of pyocyanin production
Invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae is most often due to strains possessing a type b
polysaccharide capsule
Legionella pneumophila infection is acquired by inhalation of aerosols from environmental water
sources
There are different serological types of pathogenic Escherichia coli
Whooping cough, which is caused by Bordetella pertussis, is on the rise because changing
antigenicity has made the vaccine relatively ineffective
Each of the following statements concerning enterotoxins is correct EXCEPT:
Enterotoxins are protein substances
Enterotoxins typically cause bloody diarrhea with leukocytes in the stool
Staphylococcus aureus produces an enterotoxin that causes vomiting and diarrhea
D.
E.
528.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
Vibrio cholerae causes cholera by producing an enterotoxin that activates adenylate cyclase
Escherichia coli enterotoxin mediates ADP-ribosylation of a G protein
Each of the following statements concerning plague is correct EXCEPT:
Plague is caused by a gram-negative rod that can be cultured on blood agar
Plague is transmitted to humans by flea bite
The main reservoirs in nature are small rodents
Plague is caused by a gram-positive rod that can be cultured on blood agar
There are different clinical form of plague (bubonic, pneumonic, skin)
C.
D. *
E.
523.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
524.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
525.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
526.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
533.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
534.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Which one of the following statements concerning the organisms that cause brucellosis is CORRECT?
Brucellae are transmitted primarily by tick bite
The principal reservoirs of brucellae are small rodents
Brucellae are found in reticuloendothelial cells and often cause granulomatous lesions
Brucellae are obligate intracellular parasites that are usually identified by growth in human cell
culture
Brucellae are obligate intracellular parasites that are usually identified by growth in human cell
culture
Each of the following statements concerning epidemic typhus is correct EXCEPT:
The disease is characterized by a rash
The Weil-Felix test can aid in diagnosis of the disease
The disease is caused by a rickettsia
The disease is caused by Salmonella typhi
Vaccine is used for specific prophylaxis
Ticks are vectors for the transmission of each of the following diseases EXCEPT:
epidemic typhus
Tick-borne encephalytis
Lyme disease
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Each of the following statements concerning pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is
correct EXCEPT:
The disease is associated with a rise in the titer of cold agglutinins
The disease occurs primarily in immunocompetent individuals
The disease is one of the "atypical" pneumonias
The organism cannot be cultured in vitro because it has no cell wall
Penicicllin is uneffective agains Mycoplasma
Each of the following statements concerning Neisseria meningitidis is correct EXCEPT:
It is an oxidase-positive, gram-negative diplococcus
It contains endotoxin in its cell wall
It produces an exotoxin that stimulates adenylate cyclase
It has a polysaccharide capsule that is antiphagocytic
It can utilize glucose and maltose
Each of the following statements concerning Q fever is correct EXCEPT:
Rash is a prominent feature
It is transmitted by respiratory aerosol
Farm animals are an important reservoir
It is intracellular parazite
E.
535.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
It is caused by Coxiella burnetii
Caseous lesions containing inflammatory white blood cells are
syphiloma
pseudomembranes
eschars
tubercles
529.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
530.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
531.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
532.
E.
536.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
537.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
538.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
539.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
540.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
541.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
542.
A.
B.
papular
Which infectious agent cause pseudomembranous collitis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Mycobacterium leprae
Clostridium difficile
Shigella sonnei
Treponema pallidum can be cultivated in:
rabbit testes.
blood agar medium.
chocolate agar medium.
Thayer-Martin medium.
Kitt-Tarozi medium
Relapses in relapsing fever occur due to:
antigen variation in bacteria.
increased toxin production by bacteria.
increased invasiveness of bacteria.
super infection with viruses.
increased fermentative activity of bacteria
Sterols are present in the cytoplasmic membrane of:
Mycoplasma.
Bacillus.
Clostridium.
Proteus.
Rickettsia
Which of the following bacteria can grow in alkaline pH?
Lactobacilli.
Salmonella.
Shigella.
Neisseria
Vibrio cholerae.
The causative agent/s of gas gangrene is/are:
Clostridium perfringens.
C. novyi.
С. septicum.
C. histolyticum
all are correct.
Which of the following properties is/are characteristic of tetanospasmin?
It is a heat-labile protein.
It is a neurotoxin.
C.
D.
E. *
543.
A.
It can be toxoided.
It is exotoxin
All answers are righ
Which of the following exotoxins resembles strychnine in its effect?
Botulinum toxin.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
544.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
545.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
546.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
547.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
548.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
549.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
550.
Tetanus toxin.
Diphtheria toxin.
All answers are false.
All answers are right.
Which of the following bacteria most frequently cause tuberculosis in human?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
M. bovis.
M. africanum.
M. kansasii
All answer are correct.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is pathogenic for:
parrot.
guinea-pigs.
horse.
mice
rats
Dysentery like disease may be caused by
enteropathogenic Escherichia colt.
enterotoxigenic E. coli.
enteroinvasive E. coli.
verotoxigenic E. coli.
enteroaggregative E. coli.
Which of the following bacteria is negative for fermentation of mannitol?
Shigella dysenteriae.
S. Flexneri.
S. boydii.
S. sonnei.
All answers are right.
Which of the following bacteria ferment mannitol anaerobically?
Staphylococcus aureus.
S. epidermidis.
S. saprophyticus.
S. canis
S coli.
Typical property of obligate anaerobes is, EXCEPT:
They generate energy by using the cytochrorne svstem
They grow best in the absence of air
They lack superoxide dismutase
They lack catalase
They grow in Kitt-Tarozi medium
Which microbes can cause pus-inflamation process?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Pneumococcus
Neisseria
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
556.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
557.
A.
B.
C.
all of these
The coagulase test is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus from
other staphylococci
streptococci
micrococci
enterococci
pneumococci
Which infectious agents cause food poising?
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulimum
Streptococcus pyogenes
all of these
Which infection(s) would be categorized as a zoonosis?
anthrax
gas gangrene
diphtheria
cholera
flu
The name 'black death' is given to which of the following diseases?
Tuberculosis.
Diphtheria.
Plague.
AIDS.
Cholera
Which of the following tests can differentiate between classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio
cholerae?
Sensitivity to polymyxin B.
Agglutination of fowl RBCs.
Sensitivity to Mukerjee's group IV phage.
All right.
Antigenic structure
Ways of transmition of Brucellae to humans are:
direct contact with animal tissues.
ingestion of contaminated meat.
ingestion of raw infected milk.
direct contact with animal placenta
all answers are correct.
The causative agent/s of non-gonococcal urethritis is/are?
Chlamydia trachomatis.
Ureaplasmau urealyticum.
Mycoplasma hominis.
D.
E. *
558.
Herpes virus 2
All are right
A unique characteristic of many isolates of Pseudomonas useful in identification is
E. *
551.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
552.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
553.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
554.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
555.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
563.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
564.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
565.
drug resistance
fecal odor
green pigment
gram staining
motility
Human brucellosis is also known as
Fran's disease
Query fever
rabbit fever
relapsing fever
undulant fever
A hard chancre is characteristic of:
primary syphilis.
secondary syphilis.
latent syphilis.
tertiary syphilis.
complication of syphilis
The causative agent of Lyme disease is:
Borrelia recurrenlis.
B. dutioni.
B. burgdorferi.
B. hermsii
B. persica
You suspect Chlamydia infection in a sexually-active young woman. Which test would be most
likely to provide results which would confirm this diagnosis?
Agglutination test for anti-cardiolipin antibodies.
PCR test of nucleic acids present in a urine sample.
Test of a blood sample for ‘cold agglutinins”.
Gram-stained smear of discharge from the cervix.
Culture of exudate from the cervix on Thayer-Martin agar.
Which portal of entry has no francisella tularensis ?
tick bite
sexual
intestinal
respiratory
only c and d
A classic symptom of pertussis is
labored breathing
convulsions
headache
paroxysmal coughing
redish of skin
The severe symptoms of pertussis are due to what effect?
A.
B.
irritation of the glottis by the microbe
pneumonia
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
559.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
560.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
561.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
562.
C. *
D.
E.
566.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
567.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
568.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
569.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
570.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
571.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
572.
damage of function of the respiratory epithelium
blocked airways
heart disease
For Escherichia coli most impotent which antigens are?
capsular
Vi
somatic
flagellar
all of these
Which of the following bacterium is causative agent of dysenteriae?
E. coli
Klebsiella
Proteus
Vibrio
Shigella
Which of the following represents a major difference between Salmonella and Shigella infections?
incubation period
mode of transmission
place of location in intestine
presence/absence of fever and diarrhea
the portal of entry
A 23-year-old medical student had headache and fever one evening. By the next morning she had
become very ill, with high fever, severe headache, and stiff neck. She was admitted to the hospital.
Later that day she developed rash, at first petechial and then purpuric. Gram stain of CSF showed
many white cells and Gram-negative cocci, many in pairs. Which organism is most likely to be the
cause of her infection?
Escherichia coli.
Haemophilus influenzae.
Neisseria meningitidis.
Streptococcus agalactiae.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Causative agent of tuberculosis is:
Staphylococus aureus
Clostridium tetani.
Bacilus subtilis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium africans
When Bacillus anthracis is cultured, the isolate is expected to have all of the following characteristics
EXCEPT:
Formation of large colonies, which retain their shape when manipulated.
Absence of hemolysis on sheep blood agar.
Lack of motility in soft-agar testing media.
Inability to form spores.
Grampositive
Antibiotic treatment is absolutely necessary in cutaneous anthrax, to:
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
573.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
574.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
575.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
576.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
577.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
578.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
Prevent progression from vesicle to eschar.
Limit the amount of edema surrounding the eschar.
Prevent progression to systemic illness.
Enable the quick healing of skin lesions.
Assure that no permanent scar is formed.
The spastic paralysis of Tetanus is the effect of a protein exotoxin. Which phrase below best
describes the process directly inhibited by Tetanus toxin?
Synthesis of neurotransmitter.
Transport of neurotransmitter into vesicles.
Calcium influx required for neurotransmitter release.
Blocking and fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with the synaptic membrane.
Binding of neurotransmitter molecules to their receptors
If you suspect Francisella infection, you should inform the lab when sending a specimen. What is the
predominant reason you need to do this?
Francisella requires culture in living human cells.
Francisella requires culture in living protozoa, such as amoebae.
Francisella although biologically Gram-negative, stains Gram-positive unless special technique is
used.
Francisella is readily transmitted to laboratory workers when cultured.
Francisella cannot be cultured on ‘standard media’.
Chlamydia trachomatis may be cultured on monolayers of human cells. If infected cells were
examined by staining and light microscopy, what would you be most likely to observe?
A membrane-bounded inclusion body, within the nucleus.
A membrane-bounded inclusion body, within the cytoplasm.
Rod shaped Gram-positive bacilli, free within the cytoplasm.
Gram-negative cocci, within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Cyst forms inside lysosomes.
An infant is brought to the emergency room, cyanotic and with poor muscle tone.
Antibiotic-associated colitis.
Diphtheria.
Anthrax.
Botulism.
Tetanus.
In what way do Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae
most closely resemble each other?
Lipopolysaccharide in their outer membranes.
Teichoic acid in their envelopes.
Polysaccharide capsules
Thick peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
Motility due to flagella.
The cell tropism of the genus Rickettsia determines the type of disease produced. Which phrase best
describes Rickettsial disease?
Encephalitis
Meningitis.
Myocarditis
Myositis.
Vasculitis.
579.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
580.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
581.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
582.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
583.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
584.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
585.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
586.
A. *
Which characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is believed to be most essential to its
transmission?
Anti-phagocytic polysaccharide capsule.
Impermeable lipid-rich envelope.
Production of protein exotoxins.
Rapid growth.
Type III secretion system.
Chancroid is caused by
Treponema pallidum
Hemophilus ducreyi
Treponema pertenua
Clostridium sp.
Mycoplasma
The symptom of secondary syphilis is
neurological problems
giant lesions affecting many internal organs
a hard-based, painless chancre
a rash covering all parts of the body
Meningitis
Which of the following statements best describes Streptococcus pneumoniae?
bile soluble, catalase positive,
bile soluble, capsulated
bile soluble, gramnegative, optochin resistant
bile soluble, catalase positive, optochin sensitive
bile soluble, catalase negative, motily
Which of the following is a pathogen of the oropharynx?
Streptococcus faecalis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus viridans
What do endotoxins and exotoxins have in common?
secreted into the medium
cause damage to the host
heat stable
heat resistent
contain polysaccharide
Which virulence factor results in the symptoms of Staphylococcal food poisoning?
exfoliative exotoxin
hyaluronidase
endotoxin
enterotoxin
neurotoxin
Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of acute rheumatic fever?
characterized by inflammation of the heart and/or the joints
B.
due to an immunologic cross reaction between heart muscle and Staphylococcus aureus
C.
D.
E.
587.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
588.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
589.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
590.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
591.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
592.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
593.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
involves B-hemolytic Streptococci growing in the heart
is a complication of Group A Streptococcal skin disease as well as pharyngitis
tonsilitis is first stage of development of rheumatic fever
Which of the following statements about gonorrhea is true?
Men are frequently asymptomatic carriers.
Bacteremia is common.
Serologic diagnosis is more reliable than culture.
Penicillins are no longer recommended for treatment.
Gonococci are within leucocytes in a sample
Gonococci are within leucocytes in a sample
growth in 6.5% NaCl
oxidase positive
catalase negative
PYR positive
motility
Which of the following tests may be used to differentiate Salmonella typhi from Shigella species?
glucose fermentation
gas production from glucose
motility
citrate utilization
color of colonies on Endo medium
Which of the following descriptions best fits a typical strain of Escherichia coli?
non-motile, aerogenic, lactose fermenting mucoid colony
motile, anaerogenic, non-lactose fermenting, indole positive
motile, aerogenic, lactose fermenting, indole positive
motile, aerogenic, non-lactose fermenting, citrate negative
non-motile, ferments lactose slowly, gramnegative
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is caused by which of the following bacterium?
Campylobacter jejuni
Escherichia coli 0157
Helicobacter pylori
Salmonella typhi
Ureaplasma
What is the most common cause of urinary tract infections?
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Escherichia coli
Enterococcus fecalis
Streptococcus bovis
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Which of the following result(s) best describe(s) the listed organism?
Campylobacter jejuni - gram positive gull wings
Shigella Sonneii - mannitol negative H2S (wk)
E coli 0157 - lactose positive, indole positive
Yersinia enterocolitica -sporulated, colony sick yellow
E.
594.
Clostridium perfringens - aerobes, sporulated
What term refers to a disease that is always out there in low numbers in a given regional area?
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
595.
pandemic
endemic
epidemic
hypodermic
case
Which of the following tests may be used to differentiate Salmonella paratyphi from Shigella
species?
Fermentation of glucose
gas production from glucose
gram staining
citrate utilization of Simmons’ citrate agar
shape
Which of the following descriptions best fits a typical strain of Escherichia coli?
motile, aerogenic, non-lactose fermenting, citrate negative
non-motile, aerogenic, lactose fermenting mucoid colony
motile, anaerogenic, non-lactose fermenting, indole positive
motile, aerogenic, lactose fermenting, indole positive
motile, anaerogenic, lactose fermenting, sporulated
Which one of the following enterobacteriaceae always are causative agents of enteric diseases?
Shigella
Serratia
Klebsiella
Citrobacter
Proteus
By which of the following microbes are caused by syphilis?
Helicobacter pylori
Proteus mirabilis
Treponema pallidum
Serratia marcesans
Treponema Vincentii
Borellia burgdorferi causes which disease?
Lyme Disease
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Hanta fever
Rabies
Relapsing fever
How is leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira interrogans, transmitted?
Tick bite
Contaminated urine in food or water
Undercooked meat
Inhaled aerosol
louse feces
What is the most common human pathogen/opportunist?
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
596.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
597.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
598.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
599.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
600.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
601.
A.
B.
C. *
Staphylococcus aureus
Steptococcus pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
D.
E.
602.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
603.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
604.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
605.
Escherichia coli
Enterococcus
Which of the following is NOT true about Bordetella pertussis?
none of the above
Causes Whooping Cough
Attaches to ciliated cells with capsules
Complications can include pneumonia, brain damage and death
Gram negative anaerobe
Which of the following is NOT true about Neisseria gonorrhea?
Produces endotoxin
Is a mucosal pathogen
Produces exotoxin
Can disseminate in the immunosuppressed
Complications include ectopic pregnancy, PID and sterility
Which of the following is NOT true of Neisseria meningitidis?
there is no correct answer
Crosses the blood brain barrier
Has 3 serotypes - A, B, Y
Colonizes nasopharynx
Predisposed groups include diabetics
Helicobacter pylori, a cause of peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma, is diagnosed by which of the
following methods?
no correct answer
Serology (serum) test
Biopsy (invasive)
Radioactive isotope C14 test
All are correct
What is the cause of food toxic poisoning?
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Salmonella enteriditis
Escherichia coli
Campylobacter jejuni
Which of the following members of the Vibrio family cause severe dehydration?
none of the above
Vibrio vulnificus
Virbrio cholerae
Vibrio parahaemolyticum
Vibrio alginolyticus
What is the incubation period for Shigella dysenteriae?
none of the above
6 to 8 hours
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
606.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
607.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
608.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
609.
24 to 48 hours
2 to 4 days
1 to 2 weeks
Which of the following does not occur when an individual is infected with Salmonella enteriditis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
610.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
611.
all
Endotoxins cause inflammation and fever
Enterotoxins cause diarrhea
Cytotoxins lyse endothelial cells lining the intestinal tract
Proteolytic enzymes cause necrosis
What is the primary cause of death from Salmonella typhi (Typhoid fever)?
none of the above
Hemorrhaging necrosis
DIC (disseminating intravascular coagulation)
Toxemia
High fever
Yersinia pestis causes both the Bubonic Plague and the more deadly Pneumonic Plague. How is
Pneumonic Plague transmitted?
The bite of lice
The bite of a flea
Via rodents
Air-borne
Exchange of bodily fluids
Which of the following is NOT true about Mycoplasma hominis?
none of the above
Synonymous with Ureaplasma urealyticum
More prevalent in late summer/early fall
Vaccine uses conjugated polysaccharide B
Is endemic worldwide
Which of the following bacteria is/are primarily human pathogens?
Salmonella typhi.
S. Paratyphi A.
S. Paratyphi B.
Shigella
All answers are correct.
Which of the following media is/are used for blood culture in cases of enteric fever?
Bile broth.
Tetrathionate broth.
Selenite-F broth.
Sugar broth.
All answers are correct.
For determining the serotype of infecting organism, detection of which agglutinins is more important in Widal test?
O.
H.
Fimbrial.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
612.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
613.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
614.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
615.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
616.
A. *
B.
C.
M.
Vi
Bipolar staining is characteristic of:
Yersinia pestis.
Proteus mirabilis.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
D.
E.
617.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
618.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
619.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
620.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
621.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
622.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
623.
Vibrio cholerae
Bacillus anthracis
Scalded skin syndrome is due to which toxin of Staphylococcus aureus?
Exfoliatin
Enterotoxin.
Leucocidin.
Haemolysin
Necrotoxin
Isolation of pneumococci from clinical specimens may be attempted by intraperitoneal inoculation
rabbits.
rats
mice.
sheeps.
horses
Which biotype/s of Corynebacterium diphtheriae ferment/s starch and glycogen?
Gravis.
Intermedius.
Mitis
any biovar.
no ane biovar.
Diphtheria toxin has a special affinity for which of the following tissue/s?
Heart muscles.
Nerve endings.
Adrenal glands.
All are correct
no correct answer
“Medusa head” appearance of the colonies is characteristic of:
Proteus mirabilis.
Clostridium tetani.
Bacillus anthracis.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Clostridium botulini
Typical drumstick appearance of bacilli is observed in:
C. diphtheriae
Clostridium perfringens.
С. tetani
C. histolyticum.
C. difficilae
Pneumonic plague can be transmitted from man to man by:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
624.
A. *
droplet infection.
inoculation.
ingestion.
flea bite
all are correct
Common reservoir host/s of Brucella melitensis is/are:
sheep and goats.
B.
C.
D.
E.
625.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
626.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
627.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
628.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
629.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
630.
A.
B.
C.
cattle.
pigs.
dogs
All answers are right.
Which of the following organisms may lead to pseudomembrane formation in the throat?
Corynebaclerium diphtheriae
Treponema Vinsentii
Streptococcus pyogenes.
Candida albicans.
All answers are right.
All of the following bacteria can cause food poisoning, EXCEPT
Salmonella enteritidis.
Staphylococcus aureus.
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Listeria monocytogenes
A positive Mantoux test is indicated by an area of induration of:
10 mm or more in diameter.
5-9 mm in diameter.
3-4 mm in diameter.
1-2 mm in diameter
All answers are false.
Traveller's diarrhoea is caused by:
enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.
enterotoxigenic E. coli.
enteroinvasive E. coli.
enterohaemorrhagic E. coli.
enteroaggregative E. coli.
Which of the following bacteria is more resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions?
Shigella dysenteriae.
S. flexneri.
C. tetani
S. sonnei.
C. albicans
In enteric fever, Salmonella may be isolated from:
urine.
faeces.
blood.
D.
E. *
631.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
bile
All answers are right.
Which of the following serotypes of Salmonella can cause gastroenteritis?
S. Enteritidis.
S. Newport.
S. Typhimurium.
S. cholerae suis
All answers are right.
632.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
633.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
634.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
635.
Plague is transmitted by:
sandflies.
rat fleas.
mites.
ticks.
louse
Bubonic plague can be diagnosed in the laboratory by:
demonstration of gram-negative coccobacilli.
culture on blood agar.
inoculation in guinea-pigs.
inoculation in rats
All answers are right.
Most strains of Staphylococcus aureus show:
a golden-yellow pigment.
gamma-haemolysis on sheep blood agar.
phosphatase production.
novobicin resistance
All answers are right.
Thin, slender and gram-positive bacilli possessing metachromatic granules and showing Chinese
letter arrangement are characteristic of:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Bacillus anthracis.
Clostridium perfringens.
Bordetella pertussis
A positive Schick test implies that the person is:
healthy
immune and non-hypersensitive
susceptible and non-hypersensitive.
immune and hypersensitive.
non-immune and hypersensitive.
Malignant pustule is characteristic of:
.relapsing fever
pulmonary plage
cutaneous anthrax
leptospirosis
all are right.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
636.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
637.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
638.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
639.
A.
B. *
Cholera toxin resembles which of the following toxins?
Labile toxin of Escherichia coli.
Stable toxin of E. coli.
Diphtheria toxin.
Tetanus toxin.
Staphylococcus enterotoxin
Which of the following Brucella spp. is most pathogenic for man?
B. abortus
B. melitensis.
C.
D.
E.
640.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
641.
B. suis.
B. canis.
B. ovis
In which of the following sexually transmitted diseases, ulcer/s is/are painless?
Syphilis.
Chancroid.
Herpes genitalis.
All answers are false
All answers are right.
A lactose-fermenting Gram-negative rod is isolated from the bloody stool of a young child. Which
pathogen is most likely?
Salmonella enterica
Escherichia coli.
Vibrio cholerae
Shigella dysenteriae
Clostridium difficile
A 15-year-old female presented with a three-day history of fever, headache and a non-productive
cough. Penicillin was prescribed and the patient was sent home. Her illness did not respond to this
antibiotic. Gram stain and culture of the patient's sputum and a throat swab revealed only 'normal oral
flora'. She was then successfully treated with erythromycin. Which organism below is most likely to
have caused her illness?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Haemophilus influenzae.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Which organism below, if present in only one of three blood cultures from a single patient, is most
likely to represent contamination caused by poor antiseptic technique, rather than genuine infection?
Escherichia coli.
Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Haemophilus influenzae
Which of the following bacteria can be successfully cultured on cell-free medium?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Coxiella burnetii
Mycobacterium leprae
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
642.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
643.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
644.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
645.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
646.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
647.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
648.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
649.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
650.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
651.
A.
B. *
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Rickettsia prowazekii.
Vacationer develops watery diarrhea but not chills or fever. In this setting which of the following
pathogens is the most common?
Salmonella enterica
Escherichia coli
Campylobacter jejuni
Helicobacter pylori
Staphylococcus aureus
Each of the statements about the classification of streptococci is correct EXCEPT:
Pneumococci {Streptococcus pneumoniae) are alpha-hemolytic and can be serotyped on the basis of
their polysaccharide capsules
Enterococci are group D streptococci and can be classified by their ability to grow in 6.5% sodium
chloride
Although pneumococci and the viridans streptococci are alpha-hemolytic, they can be differentiated
by the bile solubility test and their susceptibility to optochin
Viridans streptococci are identified by Lance-field grouping, which is based on the C carbohydrate
in the cell wall
All answers are right
Each of the following agents is a recognized cause of diarrhea EXCEPT:
All answers are right
Clostridium perfringens
Enterococcus faecalis
Escherichia coli
Vibrio cholerae
Each of the following organisms is an important cause of urinary tract infections EXCEPT:
Escherichia coli
Proteus mirabilis
Bacteroides fragilis
All are correct
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Each of the following statements concerning Mycobacterium tuberculosis is correct EXCEPT:
After being stained with carbolfuchsin, M. tuberculosis resists decolorization with acid alcohol
M. tuberculosis has a large amount of mycolic acid in its cell wall
M. tuberculosis appears as a red rod in Gram-stained specimens
M. tuberculosis appears as a red rod in acid-fast stained specimens
All answers are right
Which one of the following diseases is BEST diagnosed by serologic test?
Q fever
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Gonorrhea
Actinomycosis
All answers are right
The coagulase test, in which the bacteria cause
Streptococcus pyogenes from Enterococcus faecalis
Streptococcus pyogenes from Staphylococcus aureus
C.
D.
E.
652.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
653.
A.
Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus epidermidis from Neisseria meningitidis
All answers are right
Which one of the following is considered a virulence factor for Staphylococcus aureus?
A heat-labile toxin that inhibits glycine release at the internuncial neuron
An oxygen-labile hemolysin
Resistance to novobiocin
Protein A that binds to the Fc portion of IgG
All are correct
The MOST important protective function of the antibody stimulated by tetanus immunization is
To prevent formation of endotoxin by the pathogen
B.
C.
D. *
E.
654.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
655.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
656.
To opsonize the pathogen (Clostridium tetani)
To prevent growth of the pathogen
To neutralize the toxin of the pathogen
All answers are true
For which one of the following enteric illnesses is a chronic carrier state MOST likely to develop?
Campylobacter enterocolitis
Shigella enterocolitis
Cholera
Typhoid fever
Flu
The most important benefit that the human gastrointestinal flora provide for their host is
digestion of dietary cellulose
a low grade toxemia
production of dietary protein
antagonism against colonization by potential pathogens
production of antibodies
The main carrier site on the human body for strains of potentially pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus
is the
oral cavity
throat (posterior nasopharynx)
nasal membranes
gastrointestinal tract
vagina
Each of the following statements concerning Mycobacterium leprae is correct EXCEPT:
In lepromatous leprosy, large numbers of organisms are usually seen in acid-fast-stained smears
The organism will grow on bacteriologic media in 3-6 weeks
Prolonged therapy (9 months or longer) is required to prevent recurrence
Skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity are useful diagnostically
Nine bandad armandrilo may be inoculated with lepra bacilli
The carrier site in humans for pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis is the
conjunctiva
nasopharynx
urogenital tract
blood
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
657.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
658.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
659.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
660.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
661.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
662.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
663.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
664.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
665.
A. *
B.
C.
meninges
This bacterium, although usually not considered as normal flora, frequently colonizes the stomach
and is thought to be the cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Vibrio cholerae
Helicobacter pylori
Escherichia coli
Silver nitrate or an antibiotic is put into the eyes of newborn infants to prevent infection by
Doderlein's bacillus (Lactobacillus acidophilus)
Herpes simplex virus
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia trachcomatis
two of the above
A characteristic of Streptococcus mutans that allows it to initiate dental plaque and dental caries is:
the ability to attach specifically to the pellicle of the tooth
the ability to utilize sucrose as a source of carbon and energy
the ability to produce a dextran capsule
the ability to produce lactic acid
All answers are right
The fimbriae of enterotoxigenic E. coli are essential to the bacterium when it causes disease because
they are needed for initial attachment of the bacteria to the gastrointestinal epithelium
they activate host adenylate cyclase enzymes leading to disruption of cellular permeability
they make the bacteria resistant to phagocytic killing and digestion by white blood cells
they convert GI tract components (bile) to substances which provoke
they allow the bacteria to swim "upstream" against the peristaltic action of the GI tract thereby
remaining established in the GI tract
The streptococcal invasin which behaves as a "spreading factor" by breaking down the framework of
connective tissues is called
collagenase
streptokinase
streptolysin
erythrogenic toxin (pyogenic exotoxin
hyaluronidase
. A primary determinant of virulence in Streptococcus pyogenes, which is involved in adherence,
resistance to phagocytosis and antigenic variation, is
streptokinase
lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin)
M-protein
coagulase
Protein A
Which of the following statements that relate to bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins is true?
Exotoxins are proteins; endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides
Exotoxins are typically structural (cell wall) components of Gram-positive bacteria
Endotoxins can never be released by the cells that produce them.
D.
E.
666.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
667.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
668.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
669.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
670.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
671.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
Endotoxins cause their toxicity through an enzymatic mechanism of action.
In the host, endotoxins are destroyed by the enzyme lysozyme.
The substrate for the enzymatic (A) component of diphtheria toxin is
NAD
cyclic AMP
the regulatory proteins of the eukaryotic adenylate cyclase complex
ATP
elongation factor 2 (EF-2)
Why does the large volume of fluid lost by diarrhea during infection with Vibrio cholerae
is a consequence of fluid replacement during treatment of the disease and does not result directly
from activity of the cholera toxin
is caused when the vibrios bind to the intestinal epithelium and physically or mechanically block the
uptake of fluids by the gut epithelial cells
follows activation of adenylate cyclase by cholera toxin and the subsequent effect of cyclic AMP on
water and salt balances of the host cells
results from neurotoxic effects of the cholera toxin on the central nervous system
results from electrolytes binding to the intestinal enterocytes which upsets their water retention
capability
The similarity between the toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST), the staph enterotoxins, and the
erythrogenic toxin (pyogenic exotoxin) is
they are all produced by Staphylococcus aureus
they stimulate the immune system in a similar manner as superantigens
the pathology of the diseases that they cause is identical
they are all neurotoxins
they are the same (identical) toxin produced by three different organisms
Which tissue in a human is free from colonization by microbes (normal flora) because the organisms
lack normal access to the tissue?
blood (vascular system)
colon
stomach
lower respiratory tract
urinary tract (urethra)
Which tissue is normally free from colonization by microorganisms (normal flora) because of the
effectiveness of the host constitutive defenses?
upper respiratory tract (throat, pharynx)
lower respiratory tract (lungs)
upper gastrointestinal tract
lower gastrointestinal tract
vagina
The predominant bacteria in the mouth, GI tract (colon), and skin, respectively, are
streptococci, E. coli, and staphylococci
lactic acid bacteria, Bacteroides, and staphylococci
staphylococci, E. coli, and streptococci
neisseriae, enterococci, and clostridia
staphylococci, streptococci, and corynebacteria
672.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
673.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
674.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
675.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
676.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
677.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
678.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
What of the folloving bacteria is grow in GI tract of newborns because mother's milk contains a
growth factor to enriches their bacterial growth?
Enterococcus faecalis
Escherichia coli
Bacteroides fragilis
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Bifidobacterium bifidum
The most important benefit that the human gastrointestinal flora provide for their host is
digestion of dietary cellulose
production of endotoxin that produces toxemia
production of dietary protein
antagonism against colonization by potential pathogens
production of antibodies
What from following can prevent colonization of the vagina by potentially pathogenic yeasts is
bacteriocin
peroxide
TSST toxin
lysozyme
lactic acid
The main carrier site on the human body for strains of potentially pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis
is the
nasal membranes
throat (posterior nasopharynx
oral cavity
gastrointestinal tract
vagina
In the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori what is the colonization site in the host?
nasal sinuses
stomach
lower intestine
throat
respiratory tract
What is the colonization site of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the agent of diphtheria?
skin
urethra
eye
throat
none of the above
Characteristics of Streptococcus mutans which allow it to initiate dental caries include
the ability to attach specifically to the pellicle of the tooth
the ability to produce lactic acid from sucrose, glucose and fructose
the ability to form and grow in a biofilm on the enamel of the tooth
All answers are true
All answers are false
681.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
A determinant of virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae which allows the bacteria to resist
engulfment by phagocytes is
fimbriae
a polysaccharide capsule
coagulase
production of TSST exotoxin
neuraminidase
The fimbriae of pathogenic Neisseria gonorrhoeae are apparently essential to the bacterium when it
produces the disease gonorrhea because
they are responsible for initial attachment of the bacteria to the urethral or cervical epithelium
they cause the production of pus which is characteristic of gonorrhea
they make the bacteria resistant to phagocytic killing and digestion by white blood cells
they convert urinary tract components (urine) to substances which provoke symptoms of disease
they allow the bacteria to swim "upstream" against the flow of urine and thereby remain established
in the urinary tract
Which bacterial invasin is mismatched with its activity in the host?
staphylokinase: degrades fibrin
coagulase: clots fibrin
hyaluronidase: degrades the ground substance of connective tissue
streptolysin: lyses neutrophil membranes
E.
682.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
683.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
684.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
685.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
All answers are false
The clostridial invasin that dissolves the framework of muscle is
botulinum toxin
tetanus toxin
hyaluronic acid
collagenase
neuraminidase
Choose among listed the part of anthrax toxin:
Leukocidin
Enterotoxin
Haemolysin
Edema toxin
Tetanospasmin
Leukocidins are
enzymes contained in the lysosomes of phagocytes to kill ingested bacteria
proteins produced by bacteria that kill closely-related bacteria
proteases produced by bacteria which destroy host immunoglobulins
superantigens produced by Staphylococcus aureus
substances produced by pyogenic bacteria that kill phagocytes
Which of the following statements about bacterial endotoxins is true?
They usually act at a tissue site in the host that is removed from the site of bacterial growth
They are nonantigenic.
They typically have an enzymatic (specific) type of activity
They can be converted into toxoids.
All answers are false
679.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
680.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
686.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
687.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
688.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
689.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
690.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
691.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
692.
A.
B.
C. *
Bacterial endotoxins and exotoxins both share this property.
They are proteins
They are structural components of the bacterial cell wall
They have an enzymatic type of activity
They are toxic to animals.
no correct answer
Which of the following statements characterizes the mechanism of action of diphtheria toxin?
inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible cells
causes an increase in cAMP in cells leading to diarrhea
interferes with the transmission of neurotransmitters at stimulatory neuromuscular synapse
interferes with secretion of neurotransmitters at an inhibitory neural synapse in the central nervous
system
causes an increase in cAMP in cells resulting in severe edema
Both the botulinum toxin and the tetanus toxin are
superantigens
enterotoxins
adenylate cyclase enzymes
protease enzymes
All answers are false
Mechanism of action of tetanotoxin?
block the release of neurotransmitters across a neural synapse
up-regulate the production of cAMP in affected cells
cause the ADP ribosylation of neuron gangliosides
block protein synthesis in target cells
cleave neuraminic acid in the intercellular space
The main effect of E. coli and Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin on host cells of the gastrointestinal tract
that leads to the pathology of the diseases, is to
inhibit protein synthesis
cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance
cleave host cell membranes
act as superantigens to trigger an overwhelming immunological reaction
initiate a localized inflammatory response in the intestine
The portion of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is responsible for the toxicity of the
molecule is
lipid A
lipoteichoic acid
O polysaccharide
Omp A
N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
The portion of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) molecule that is responsible for a bacterium’s
antigenic specificity, as well as the existence of multiple serotypes (serovars) among Gram-negative
pathogens, is
lipid A
Capsule
O polysaccharide
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
R antigen
H antigen
What bacterial structure or substance is primarily associated with antigenic variation in the Group A
streptococci?
outer membrane protein (omp)
streptokinase
hyaluronic acid capsule
Polysaccharide
M-protein
A reason not to administer beta lactam antibiotics for a Gram-negative septicemia (blood-borne
infection), unless there is no other alternative, is
the antibiotic eliminates the normal flora
beta lactam antibiotics are ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria
the lysis of bacterial cells increases the activity of bacterial LPS
Complement activation cannot occur in the presence of the antibiotic
the antibiotic suppresses the immune response necessary to eliminate the pathogen
Which of the following bacterial toxins behaves as a superantigen through its stimulation of a very
large fraction of the host T-cell population?
Streptococcal streptolysin
Salmonella LPS (endotoxin
Pseudomonas Exotoxin A
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin
E. coli O157 H:7 shiga toxin
696.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
697.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
698.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
699.
A.
B.
C.
Passive immunity to tetanus in a susceptible host would be accomplished by
recovery from the disease tetanus
injection with tetanus toxin
injection with tetanus toxoid (as in the DPT vaccine
administration of donor’s antitetanus immunoglobulin
foxoid administration
Active artificial immunity to diphtheria is accomplished by
diphththeria antitoxin (antiserum) administration
vaccination with diphtheria toxoid
recovery from the disease diphtheria
all of the above
none of the above
Which test you can use for detect in patient latent Syphilis?
Gram stain of material from a skin lesion.
Physical exam to detect characteristic neurological symptoms.
Culture of the organism from blood and CSF.
Tests for ‘non-treponemal’ and ‘anti-treponemal’ antibodies in serum.
Dark field microscopy of CSF.
An outbreak of sepsis caused by Staphylococcus
Colon
Mouth
Nose
D.
E.
693.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
694.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
695.
D. *
E.
700.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
701.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
702.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
703.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
704.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
705.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
706.
A.
Skin
Vagina
Each of the statements about the classification of streptococci is correct EXCEPT:
Pneumococci {Streptococcus pneumoniae) are alpha-hemolytic and can be serotyped on the basis of
their polysaccharide capsules
Enterococci are group D streptococci and can be classified by their ability to grow in 6.5% sodium
chloride
Streptococci are classificate on basis on haemolytic properties
Although pneumococci and the viridans streptococci are alpha-hemolytic, they can be differentiated
by the bile solubility test and their susceptibility to optochin
Viridans streptococci are identified by Lancefield grouping, which is based on the C carbohydrate in
the cell wall
Each of the following agents is a recognized cause of diarrhea EXCEPT
Streptococcus epidermidis
Clostridium perfringens
Enterococcus faecalis
Escherichia coli
Vibrio cholerae
Your patient is a 30-year-old woman with nonbloody diarrhea for the past 14 hours. Which one of the
following organisms is LEAST likely to cause this illness?
Clostridium difficile
Streptococcus pyogenes
Shigella dysenteriae
Salmonella enteritidis
Shigella boydii
Each of the following statements concerning Mycobacterium tuberculosis is correct EXCEPT:
After being stained with carbolfuchsin, M. tuberculosis resists decolorization with acid alcohol
M. tuberculosis has a large amount of mycolic acid in its cell wall
M. tuberculosis appears as a violet rod in Gram-stained specimens
M. tuberculosis appears as a red rod in acid-fast stained specimens
M. tuberculosis appears as a blue rod in acid-fast stained specimens
Which one of the following diseases is BEST diagnosed by serologic means?
Q fever
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Gonorrhea
Actinomycosis
Sepsis
Your patient has subacute bacterial endocarditis caused by a member of the viridans group of
streptococci. Which one of the following sites is MOST likely to be the source of the organism?
Skin
Oropharynx
Colon
Mucose
Urethra
Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces exotoxin if:
Corynebacterium diphtheriae grows in Loeffler’s medium
B. *
C.
D.
E.
707.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
708.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
709.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
710.
A.
B.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is lysogenic culture
Corynebacterium diphtheriae grows on tellurite agar
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is resistant to b-lactame antibiotics
Corynebacterium diphtheriae has volutin granules.
The coagulase test, in which the bacteria cause plasma to clot, is used to distinguish
Streptococcus pyogenes from Enterococcus faecalis
Streptococcus pyogenes from Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus epidermidis from Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoae
The MOST important protective function of the antibody stimulated by tetanus immunization is
To prevent growth of the pathogen
To neutralize the toxin of the pathogen
To prevent adherence of the pathogen
To prevent inflammation of tissues
To opsonize the pathogen (Clostridium tetani)
For which one of the following enteric illnesses is a chronic carrier state MOST likely to develop?
Campylobacter enterocolitis
Shigella enterocolitis
Cholera
Typhoid fever
Sepsis
Which one of the following zoonotic illnesses has NO arthropod vector?
Plague
Lyme disease
C. *
D.
E.
711.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
712.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
713.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
Brucellosis
Epidemic typhus
Anthrax
Which one of the following organisms principally infects vascular endothelial cells?
Salmonella typhi
Rickettsia typhi
Haemophilus influenzae
Coxiella burnetii
Bordetella pertussis
Each of the following statements concerning chlamydiae is correct EXCEPT
Chlamydiae are strict intracellular parasites because they cannot synthesize sufficient ATP
Chlamydiae possess both DNA and RNA and are bounded by a cell wall
C. trachomatis has multiple serotypes, but C psittaci has only one serotype
Most chlamydiae are transmitted by arthropods
Chlamydiae aren‘t cultivated onto nutritient media
Each of the following statements concerning Staphylococcus aureus is correct EXCEPT
Gram-positive cocci in grapelike clusters are seen on Gram-stained smear
The coagulase test is positive
Treatment should include a beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin
Endotoxin is an important pathogenetic factor
E.
714.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
715.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
716.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
717.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
718.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
719.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
720.
A.
B.
It produce exotoxins
In the immune response to invasive infections by Streptococcus pneumoniae, antibodies are required
for effective defense. Antibodies to which antigen are most important?
Teichoic acid.
Type III secretion system.
Peptidoglycan.
C-carbohydrate.
Polysaccharide capsule.
The MOST important contribution of the capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae to virulence is
To prevent dehydration of the organisms on mucosal surfaces
To survive in the environment
To retard phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes
To inhibit polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemo taxis
To accelerate tissue invasion by its collagenaselike activity
The MOST important way the host circumvents the function of the pneumococcal polysaccharide
capsule is via
T lymphocytes sensitized to polysaccharide antigens
Polysaccharide-degrading enzymes
Anticapsular antibody
Activated macrophages
Activated B-lymphocytes
The pathogenesis of which one of the following organisms is MOST likely to involve invasion of the
intestinal mucosa?
Vibrio cholerae
Shigella sonnei
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Clostridium botulinum
Salmonella typhi
Which one of the following organisms that in fects the gastrointestinal tract is the MOST frequent
cause of bacteremia?
Shigella flexneri
Campylobacter jejuni
Vibrio cholerae
Salmonella typhi
Shigella sonnei
Each of the following statements concerning Treponema is correct EXCEPT:
T. pallidum produces an exotoxin that stimulates adenylate cyclase
Treponema are motile
T. pallidum cannot be grown on conventional laboratory media
Treponemes are members of the normal flora of the human oropharynx
Patients infected with T. pallidum produce antibodies that react with beef heart cardiolipin
Each of the following statements concerning Clostridia is correct EXCEPT:
Pathogenic Clostridia are found both in the soil and in the normal flora of the colon
Antibiotic-associated (pseudomembranous) colitis is due to a toxin produced by Clostridium difficile
C. *
D.
E.
721.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
722.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
723.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
724.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
725.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
726.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
727.
Anaerobic conditions at the wound site are not required to cause tetanus, because spores will form in
the presence of oxygen
Botulism, which is caused by ingesting preformed toxin, can be prevented by boiling food prior to
eating
Clostridia are spore-forming bacteria
Each of the following statements concerning Bacteroides fragilis is correct EXCEPT:
B. fragilis is a gram-negative rod that is a part of the normal flora of the colon
B. fragilis forms endospores, which allow it to survive in the soil
The capsule of B. fragilis is an important virulence factor
B. fragilis infections are characterized by foul-smelling pus
B. fragilis is anaerobic bacterium
Each of the following statements concerning staphylococci is correct EXCEPT:
S. aureus is differentiated from S. epidermidis by the production of coagulase
S. aureus infections are often associated with abscess formation
The majority of clinical isolates of S. aureus elaborate penicillinase;
Scalded skin syndrome caused by S. aureus is due to enzymatic degradation of epidermal
desmosomes by catalase
Gram-positive cocci in grapelike clusters are seen on Gram-stained smear
Each of the following statements concerning gram-negative rods is correct EXCEPT:
E. coli ferments lactose, whereas the enteric pathogens Shigella and Salmonella do not
Salmonella typhi cause bactereamia
Klebsiella pneumoniae, although a cause of pneumonia, is part of the normal flora of the colon
Proteus species are highly motile organisms that are found in the human colon and cause urinary
tract infections
Escherichia coli is part of the normal flora of the colon; therefore, it does not cause diarrhea
Which one of the following organisms causes diarrhea by producing an enterotoxin that activates
adenylate cyclase?
Escherichia coli
Bacteroides fragilis
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterococcus faecalis
Costridium difficilae
Each of the following statements concerning Clostridium tetani is correct EXCEPT:
It is a gram-positive, spore-forming rod
Pathogenesis is due to the production of an exotoxin that blocks inhibitory neurotransmitters
It is a facultative organism; it will grow on a blood agar plate in the presence of room air
Its natural habitat is primarily the soil
It is motile rod
Each of the following statements concerning spirochetes is correct EXCEPT:
Species of Treponema are part of the normal flora of the mouth
Species of Borrelia cause a tick-borne disease called relapsing fever
The species of Leptospira that cause leptospirosis grow primarily in humans and are usually
transmitted by human-to-human contact
Species of Treponema cause syphilis and yaws
Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyma disease
Each of the following statements concerning Mycobacterium tuberculosis is correct EXCEPT:
A.
B.
C. *
Some strains isolated from individuals with previously untreated cases of tuberculosis are resistant to
isoniazid
M. tuberculosis contains a small amount of lipid in its cell wall and therefore stains poorly with the
Gram stain
The organism grows slowly, often requiring 3-6 weeks before colonies appear
The antigen in the skin test is a protein extracted from the organism
Mantoux test is used for allergic diagnosis
Which one of the following statements concerning immunization against diseases caused by
Clostridia is CORRECT?
Antitoxin against tetanus protects against botulism as well, because the two toxins share antigenic
sites
Vaccines containing alpha toxin (lecithinase) are effective in protecting against gas gangrene
The toxoid vaccine against Clostridium difficile infection should be administered to
immunocompromised patients
Immunization with tetanus toxoid induces effective protection against tetanus toxin
Attenuated vaccines are used for specific prophylaxis of infections, caused by Clostridia
When ampicillin was first introduced, most E. coli isolates were clinically sensitive. Many isolates
are now ampicillin-resistant because they produce beta-lactamases. Which phrase below most
accurately describes these enzymes?
Genes which encode them are often present on conjugative plasmids
Although they are produced by many isolates of E. coli, such beta-lactamases are not produced by
other Gram-negative rods.
They inactivate all beta-lactam antibiotics
They cause resistance to aminoglycosides as well as beta-lactams
They have spread from Gram-negatives like E. coli to Gram-positive pathogens like Staphylococcus
aureus.
Bacteriologists (using the Kauffman-White classification) made conclusion that outbreak has been
caused by Salmonella enterica, serotype Anatum. Structure of which pair of antigens determined the
serotype as Anatum?
Heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins.
Peptidoglycan and teichoic acid.
Flagella and O-antigen.
D.
E.
731.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
732.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
Pili and capsular polysaccharide.
Hemolysin and cell-wall-associated carbohydrate.
A bacillus cultured from stool produces dark pink colonies on Endo agar.
Shigella dysenteriae
Escherichia coli
Salmonella enterica
Listeria monocytogenes
Shigella sonnei
Which bacteria can produce on Endo’s medium dark pink colonies?
Salmonella enterica
Escherichia coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Shigella sonnei
Shigella dysenteriae
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
728.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
729.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
730.
733.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
734.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
735.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
736.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
737.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
738.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
739.
A.
B.
C.
A listless child with extremely poor muscle tone is brought to the Hospital. Which condition is most
likely, given this presentation?
Lyme Disease
Tetanus
Botulism
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rheumatic fever
An epidemic typhus occurs in a refugee camp. What vectors spread the infections?
Rat fleas.
Dog ticks.
Deer ticks.
Mosquitos.
Human body lice.
What vectors are spread an epidemic typhus?
Rat fleas.
Dog ticks.
Human body lice.
Mosquitos.
Deer ticks.
Clostridium tetani have got disease by the production of a protein exotoxin.
Stimulates adenyl cyclase.
Inhibits guanyl cyclase.
Blocks synaptic transmission.
Cleaves ribosomal RNA.
Stimulates production of cytokines.
Which antibiotic below should you expect to be most effective for therapy Mycoplasma pneumoniae
respiratory infection?
. Penicillin G.
Vancomycin.
Erythromycin.
A third-generation cephalosporin.
An ‘extended-spectrum’ penicillin.
Gram stain of CSF sediment from a patient with meningitis contains Gram-negative cocci, many in
pairs. Which organism below is most probable?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci are cultured from a throat swab of a febrile child with severe
purulent pharyngitis. Structure of which antigen determined that the bacteria belonged to Lancefield
group A?
. Capsular polysaccharide
Side chains of peptidoglycan.
Fimbrae proteins
D. *
E.
740.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
741.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
742.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
743.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
744.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
745.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
746.
A.
Cell-wall-associated with carbohydrate
Streptolysin O.
Structure of which antigen b-hemolytic streptococci determined that the bacteria belonged to
Lancefield group A?
Cell-wall-associated with carbohydrate.
Side chains of peptidoglycan.
Fimbrae proteins
Capsular polysaccharide.
Streptolysin O.
From which site is (alpha)-hemolytic Streptococcus isolate most likely to have spread in blood?
Facial skin.
Anterior nares.
Oropharynx.
Lower respiratory tract.
Distal urethra.
Bacteroides fragilis is isolated from an operative wound. Which sentence below best describes such
infection?
Can be successfully treated with aminoglycosides alone
Initiated by ingestion of spores.
Can be successfully treated with metronidazole alone.
Contracted by the respiratory route.
Sexually-transmitted.
Residents of an assisted-living facility are immunized against Streptococcus pneumoniae. What is the
antigenic component of the vaccine?
A protein toxoid.
Killed whole bacteria.
Purified toxin.
Purified capsular polysaccharides.
Live bacteria of attenuated virulence
In the upper respiratory tract of patient doctor observed thick grey ‘pseudomembrane’ formation.
Which organism can cause this symptoms?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Legionella pneumophilia.
Streptococcus mitis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus is easily transmitted within the hospital environment.
Resistance to heat, cold, and drying.
Ability to colonize the digestive tract.
Presence of an outer membrane impermeable to most disinfectants.
Production of extracellular polysaccharide which allows bacteria to
Formation of spores which are resistant to disinfectants and easily dispersed.
A beta-hemolytic streptococcus is isolated from an infected neonate. Such isolates are often members
of Lancefield Group B. The antigenic structure of which bacterial component defines Lancefield
Groups?
Capsule polysaccharide.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
747.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
748.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
749.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
750.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
751.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
752.
Cell-associated or C-carbohydrate.
Wall and membrane teichoic acids.
Beta-hemolysins.
Filamentous proteins of the cell envelope.
An important virulence factor of coagulase-positive staphylococci is Protein A.
Binds the Fc region of IgG, decreases opsonization.
Hydrolyzes secretory IgA.
Binds Factor H, prevents activation of complement.
Extracts iron from plasma proteins.
Promotes tight binding of bacteria to extracellular matrix.
After Gram stain of spinal fluid sample from a patient with meningitis Medical personal during
microscopy examination detected Gram-negative cocci, many in pairs. Which organism below is
most probable?
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
A patient presented with upper back pain. MRI imaging demonstrated inflammation of the T8-T9
vertebral bodies consistent with osteomyelitis. A bone marrow biopsy, when cultured, produced
colonies of Gram-positive cocci.Colonies on Sheep blood agar were 3-4 mm in diameter, off-white
and beta-hemolytic. Colonies on Brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar were 2-3 mm in diameter and
golden-yellow. Catalase and coagulase tests were positive.
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus mitis
A 20-year-old women presents at a local clinic with fever and abdominal tenderness. She reports
having had unprotected sexual intercourse a few weeks earlier. Gram-negative diplococci are seen in
a Gram stain of vaginal secretions; many of the bacteria are inside polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Which virulence factor is most important in aiding this bacterium to initiate infection?
Ability to invade cells.
Adhesive pili.
Anti-phagocytic capsule.
Endotoxin.
Flagella.
Encapsulated strains of Neisseria meningitidis are more virulent than non-encapsulated isolates.
How does a capsule enhance virulence?
Binds to the Fc region of some subclasses of human IgG.
Prevents activation of complement by the classical pathway.
Enables bacteria to adhere tightly to mammalian cells.
Reduces access of antibiotics to the bacterial membrane.
Inhibits phagocytosis by neutrophils
Before the advent of immunization, outbreaks of meningococcal disease were frequent in military
camps. A factor in development of such outbreaks is the ability of Neisseria meningitidis to establish
an asymptomatic 'carrier state'. What is the predominant site of carriage of meningococci?
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
757.
A.
Urethral epithelium.
Gall bladder.
Nasopharynx.
Large intestine.
Meninges and choroid plexus.
A strain of bacteria produced color colonies when cultured on standard MacConkey agar. It was then
used to inoculate a Kligler's Iron Agar (KIA). After overnight incubation, the tube was entirely
yellow and there were numerous bubbles inside the agar. There is no black precipitate. Which of the
following descriptions most accurately describes the metabolic reasons for these observations?
Produces H2S and gas
Ferments lactose and produces gas
Ferments neither lactose nor sucrose.
Ferments glucose only
Ferments sucrose and produces gas.
The classic cause of epidemic cholera is Vibrio cholerae O1. The designation "O1" refers to the
antigenic structure of an important component of the bacterial envelope. What is this component?
Capsule.
Carbohydrate chains of LPS.
Flagella
Pili.
Teichoic acid.
A common serotype of enterohemorrhagic E. coli is O157:H7.
Flagella.
Pili.
Capsule.
LPS core polysaccharide.
Porins.
An engineer recently returned from visiting his family in India develops severe diarrhea. He in fact
has cholera. His diarrhea is produced by a protein exotoxin secreted by Vibrio cholerae. How does
this toxin act?
ADP-ribosylates a chloride transporter.
Inhibits a G protein that inhibits adenyl cyclase.
Stimulates a G protein that activates adenyl cyclase.
Stimulates guanyl cyclase.
Inhibits guanyl cyclase.
A vacationing couple both develop severe watery diarrhea which lasts three days.
Shigella sonnei.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
758.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Salmonella typhi.
Campylobacter jejuni.
Escherichia coli.
Which phrase best describes typical infections by Campylobacter jejuni?
Non-inflammatory enteritis
Inflammatory enteritis
Systemic infection
Urinary tract infection
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
753.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
754.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
755.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
756.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
762.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
763.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
764.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Meningitis
Why tetanus is now a rare disease. Which factors below has been most important in preventing it?
Eradication of the organism from the environment.
Sewage treatment and purification of water supplies.
Vaccination of livestock, especially cattle, with a killed-organism vaccine
Antibiotic treatment of contacts of patients with C. tetani infections.
Immunization of humans with a toxoid-containing vaccine.
How we can distinguish S. aureus from staphylococci epidermidis?
Colony color when grown on BHI agar.
Production of catalase.
Ability to grow on MacConkey agar.
Type of hemolysis on sheep blood agar.
Production of coagulase.
Which line below correctly pairs a bacterial group or species with an antibiotic that currently inhibits
enough of its members to be used against it, before results of sensitivity testing are received? The
majority is...
Staphylococcus aureus Penicillin G
. Enterobacteriaceae Penicillin G
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isoniazid
Obligate anaerobes Aminoglycosides
Obligate aerobes Metronidazole
A febrile patient with E. coli sepsis develops ‘septic shock’.
A humoral immune response to bacterial surface antigens.
A cell-mediated immune response to bacteria.
Secretion of cytokines by monocytes in response to stimulation by LPS [endotoxin].
Release of granule contents by mast cells and basophils.
Secretion of a bacterial superantigen toxin that activates TH cells.
Bordetella pertussis is:
Gram "+"
Modified acid fast "+"
Acid fast "+"
Gram "-"
Urease "+"
Which disease is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Toxic shock syndrome
Reiter's syndrome
Scrub typhus
E. *
765.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
Pneumonia
Phenotypic properties of Streptococcus pyogenes is:
Urease "+"
dsDNA
Catalase "-"
H2S "-"H2S
Coagulase "-"
E.
759.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
760.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
761.
766.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
767.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
768.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
769.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
770.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
771.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
772.
A.
B.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Fungi
Helminths
Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa
Oxygen requirements of Staphylococcus epidermidis is:
Aerobic
Obligate anaerobe
Microaerophilic
Facultative anaerobe
Capnophilic
Staphylococcus epidermidis is:
Aerobic
Obligate anaerobe
Facultative anaerobe
Microaerophilic
Obligate aerobic
Which of the following statements refers to Coxiella burnetii :
May include pneumonia, hepatitis, and endocarditis.
Masseter muscles are often the first to be affected producing trismus (lockjaw).
Strains A-C: trachoma. Strains D-K: genital infections. Strains L1-L3: lymphogranuloma venereum.
Receptor - CD21 (complement receptor type 2)
Disease is mostly caused by O1 Classic and El Tor strains; recently also O139
What is correct about Coxiella burnetii
Masseter muscles are often the first to be affected producing trismus (lockjaw)
Can cause diplopia,disphagia, disphonia
May include pneumonia, hepatitis, and endocarditis
Disease is mostly caused by O1 Classic and El Tor strains; recently also O139
Can be transmitted by the bites of foxes
Morbidity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is:
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Enteric fever
Necrotising faciitis
Sepsis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
What disease can cause Salmonella typhi?
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Sepsis
C.
D. *
E.
773.
A.
B.
Necrotising faciitis
Enteric fever
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Helicobacter pylori is:
Vibrio
Mold
C. *
D.
Spiral-shaped
Rod
Yeast
Therapy of Candida albicans is:
Antitoxin
Cefotetan
Nystatin
Ketoconazole
Penicillin
What medicine is use for therapy of Candida albicans infection
Penicillin
Ketoconazole
Antitoxin
Cefotetan
Nystatin
Morbidity of Clostridium tetani is:
Cholera gravis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Tetanus
Wound infection
Parotitis
Clostridium perfringens is сausative agent of:
Cholera gravis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Wound infection
Parotitis
Tetanus
Which of the following statements refers to Clostridium botulinum
Includes S. typhimurium, S. dublin, S. enteritidis, S. hadar - enteritis; S. typhi, S. paratyphi - enteric
fever, possible intracellular infection.
Group is determined base on polysaccharide C; type - based on M-protein; strain - based on T
antigen.
Toxins: Stx - EHEC; ShET2 - EIEC.
Exposure to antibiotics - major risk factor
Botulism symptoms include descending paralysis, dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention.
Find the correct sentence according to Clostridium botulinum
Possible intracellular infection.
Group is determined base on polysaccharide C; type - based on M-protein; strain - based on T
antigen.
Botulism symptoms include descending paralysis, dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention
Exposure to antibiotics - major risk factor.
E.
780.
A.
B. *
.
Produce endotoxin and coagulase.
Phenotypic characteristic of Chlamydia pneumoniae is:
ssDNA
Obligate intracellular parasite
C. *
D.
E.
774.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
775.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
776.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
777.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
778.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
779.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
781.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
782.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
783.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
784.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
785.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
786.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
787.
A.
B.
ssRNA
Coagulase "+"
streptobacillus
Chlamydia pneumoniae is:
ssDNA
Obligate intracellular parasite
It grows onto nutrient media
Coagulase "+"
Acid fast "+"
Toxicogenity of Vibrio cholerae is accociated with:
LPS
Toxic shock syndrome toxin
Toxin - activates adenylate cyclase
Enterotoxins
Hemolysins
Phenotypic characteristic of Staphylococcus epidermidis is:
Optochin sensitive
Non-enveloped
Motility "+"
Coagulase "-"
Oxidase "+"
One of the phenotypic characteristic of Staphylococcus epidermidis is:
Coagulase "-"
Optochin sensitive
Non-enveloped
Oxidase "+"
Motility "+"
Normal microflora of water?
Staphylococcus aureus
E.coli
Micrococcus roseus
Salmonella typhy
Bacillus subtilis
Morphology of Yersinia enterocolitica is:
Mold
Cocci in chains
Rod
Cocci in clusters
Branching beaded rods
Morphology of Pneumococcus is:
Rod
Cocci in chains
C.
D.
E. *
Cyst
Spiral-shaped
Diplococci
C.
D. *
E.
Morbidity of Treponema pallium is:
Meningitis
Enteritis
Hepatitis
Syphilis
Food poisoning
Morbidity of Escherichia coli is:
Myocarditis
Fe deficiency anemia
Carbuncles
Sepsis
Pharyngitis
Group of Rickettsia prowazekii is:
Bacteria
Protozoa
Helminths
Fungi
Viruses
Group of Klebsiella spp is:
Bacteria
Helminths
Protozoa
Fungi
Viruses
Stain of Shigella spp. is:
Gram "+"
Modified acid fast "+"
Acid fast "+"
Gram "-"
Hinse
Group of Clostridium botulinum is:
Bacteria
Protozoa
Fungi
Helminths
Viruses
Which of the following statements refers to Rickettsia rickettsii
Normal flora of the oral cavity
DNA homology studies indicate that only a single Brucella species, Brucella melitensis, is justified,
but the names Brucella abortus and Brucella suis (now considered biovars) are still in use.
Envelope consists of HBsAg
Pathogenesis - vasculitis
Toxin can be chronically produced in infant's colon causing infant botulism.
795.
A.
What is true according to Rickettsia rickettsii
Normal flora of the oral cavity
788.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
789.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
790.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
791.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
792.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
793.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
794.
A.
B.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
796.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
797.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
798.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
799.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
800.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
801.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
802.
A. *
B.
C.
DNA homology studies indicate that only a single Brucella species, Brucella melitensis, is justified
Toxin can be chronically produced in infant's colon causing infant botulism.
Envelope consists of HBsAg
Pathogenesis - vasculitis
Morbidity of Candida albicans is
Endocarditis
Pneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Bladder carcinoma
Systemic candidiasis
Morbidity of Klebsiella spp. is:
Rhinocerebral disease
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Enteritis
Urinary tract infections
Cervicitis
Group of Bordetella pertussis is:
Protozoa
Viruses
Fungi
Bacteria
Helminths
Phenotypic characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus is:
Enveloped
Motility "+"
ssRNAOxidase "-"
Coagulase "+"
Toxin of Chlamydia psittaci is:
Cholera toxin - activates adenylate cyclase
Exotoxin A - inhibits protein synthesis
LPS
Elastase - hemorrage
Hemolysin
Mode of transmission of Herpes simplex virus is:
Mosquito bites
Perinatal
Droplet nuclei
Direct contact
Sexual
A bacillus cultured from stool produces dark pink colonies on Endo agar.
Escherichia coli
Salmonella enterica
Listeria monocytogenes
D.
Shigella sonnei
E.
803.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
804.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
805.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
806.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
807.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
808.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
809.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
810.
Shigella dysenteriae
Which bacteria can produce on Endo’s medium dark pink colonies?
Salmonella enterica
Escherichia coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Shigella sonnei
Shigella dysenteriae
Which of the following statements about bacterial endotoxins is true?
They usually act at a tissue site in the host that is removed from the site of bacterial growth.
They are nonantigenic
They typically have an enzymatic (specific) type of activity.
They can be converted into toxoids
none of the above
Bacterial endotoxins and exotoxins both share this property.
They are proteins
They are structural components of the bacterial cell wall.
They have an enzymatic type of activity
They are toxic to animals
none of the above
Both the cholera toxin and the E. coli LT toxin
have an A+B subunit arrangement
are identical in their primary structure
are ADP-ribosylating toxins
have an enzymatic mechanism of action
all are true
The portion of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is responsible for the toxicity of the
molecule is
lipid A
lipoteichoic acid
O polysaccharide
Omp A
N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
Which of the following bacteria belong/s to the family Enterobacteriaceae?
Shigella.
Salmonella.
Yersinia.
.Proteus
All of the above
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome is caused by:
enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.
enterotoxigenic E. coli.
enteroinvasive
verotoxigenic E. coli.
enteroaggregative E. coli.
Which of the following bacteria is/are primarily human pathogens?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
811.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
812.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
813.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
814.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
815.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
816.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
817.
A.
B.
C.
Salmonella Typhi.
S. Paratyphi A.
S. Paratyphi B.
Shigella
All are true.
Which of the following media is/are used for blood culture in cases of enteric fever?
YSA
Bile broth.
Selenite-F broth.
Sugar broth.
All are true
For determining the serotype of infecting organism, detection of which agglutinins is more
important in Widal test?
O.
H.
Fimbrial.
M.
Vi
Which of the following bacteria can cause infective type of food poisoning?
Salmonella enteritidis.
Staphylococcus aureus.
Clostridium botulinum.
Clostridium perfringens
All of the above.
Traveller's diarrhoea is caused by:
enterotoxigenic E. coli.
enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.
enteroinvasive E. coli.
verotoxigenic E. coli.
enteroaggregative E. coli.
Most important complication/s of enteric fever is/are:
intestinal perforation.
haemorrhage.
circulatory collapse.
all of the above.
none of the above
In enteric fever, Salmonella may be isolated from:
urine.
faeces.
blood.
bile
all of the above.
Which of the following serotypes of Salmonella can cause gastroenteritis?
S. Enteritidis.
S. Newport.
S. Typhimurium.
D.
E. *
818.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
819.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
820.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
821.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
822.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
823.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
824.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
S. cholerae suis
All are right
Cholera toxin resembles which of the following toxins?
Labile toxin of Escherichia coli.
Stable toxin of E. coli.
Diphtheria toxin.
Tetanus toxin.
Staphylococcus enterotoxin
Dysentery like disease may be caused by
enteropathogenic Escherichia colt.
enterotoxigenic E. coli.
enteroinvasive E. coli.
verotoxigenic E. coli.
enteroaggregative E. coli.
Which of the following specimens is/are most appropriate for culture of bacteria in first week of
enteric fever?
All are true
Blood.
Urine.
Faeces.
CSF.
In Widal test, the significant titre for О agglutinins is generally:
1: 50 or more.
1:100 or more.
1:200 or more.
1:400 or more.
1:800 or more.
For Escherichia coli most important which antigens is
capsular
somatic
flagellar
Vi
all of these
Which of the following represents a major difference between Salmonella and Shigella infections?
incubation period
mode of transmission
place of location in intestine
presence/absence of fever and diarrhea
the portal of entry
Complications of typhoid fever are:
intestinal perforation
liver abscesses
both a and b
neurological damage
sepsis
825.
What do endotoxins and exotoxins have in common?
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
826.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
827.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
828.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
829.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
830.
secreted into the medium
cause damage to the host
heat stable
heat resistent
contain polysaccharide
Which of the following tests may be used to differentiate Salmonella typhi from Shigella species?
glucose fermentation
gas production from glucose
motility
citrate utilization
color of colonies on Endo medium
Which of the following descriptions best fits a typical strain of Escherichia coli?
non-motile, aerogenic, lactose fermenting mucoid colony
motile, anaerogenic, non-lactose fermenting, indole positive
motile, aerogenic, lactose fermenting, indole positive
motile, aerogenic, non-lactose fermenting, citrate negative
non-motile, ferments lactose slowly, gramnegative
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is caused by which of the following bacterium?
Campylobacter jejuni
Escherichia coli
Helicobacter pylori
Salmonella typhi
Ureaplasma
Which of the following result(s) best describe(s) the listed organism?
Campylobacter jejuni - gram positive gull wings
Shigella Sonneii – mannitol negative H2S (wk)
E coli 0157 – lactose positive, indole positive
Yersinia enterocolitica –sporulated, colony sick yellow
Clostridium perfringens – aerobes, sporulated
Which of the following tests may be used to differentiate Salmonella paratyphi from Shigella
species?
Fermentation of glucose
gas production from glucose
gram staining
citrate utilization of Simmons’ citrate agar
shape
Which of the following does not occur when an individual is infected with Salmonella enteriditis?
Endotoxins cause inflammation and fever
Enterotoxins cause diarrhea
Cytotoxins lyse endothelial cells lining the intestinal tract
Proteolytic enzymes cause necrosis
All are true
What is the primary cause of death from Salmonella typhi (Typhoid fever)?
Hemorrhagic necrosis
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
831.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
832.
A. *
B.
C.
DIC (disseminating intravascular coagulation)
Toxemia
D.
E.
833.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
834.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
High fever
All are true
For which one of the following enteric illnesses is a chronic carrier state MOST likely to develop?
Campylobacter enterocolitis
Shigella enterocolitis
Cholera
Typhoid fever
All are true
Each of the following statements concerning gram-negative rods is correct EXCEPT:
Escherichia coli is part of the normal flora of the colon; therefore, it does not cause diarrhea
coli ferments lactose, whereas the enteric pathogens Shigella and Salmonella do not
Klebsiella pneumoniae, although a cause of pneumonia, is part of the normal flora of the colon
Proteus species are highly motile organisms that are found in the human colon and cause urinary
tract infections
All are true
The pathogenesis of which one of the following diseases does NOT involve an exotoxin?
Scarlet fever
Typhoid fever
Toxic shock syndrome
Botulism
Cholera
Which one of the following illnesses is NOT zoonosis?
Typhoid fever
Q fever
Tularemia
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Plague
Each of the following statements concerning en terotoxins is correct EXCEPT:
Enterotoxins typically cause bloody diarrhea with leukocytes in the stool
Staphylococcus aureus produces an enterotoxin that causes vomiting and diarrhea
Vibrio cholerae causes cholera by producing an enterotoxin that activates adenylate cyclase
Escherichia coli enterotoxin mediates ADP-ribosylation of a G protein
E. coli ferments lactose, whereas the enteric pathogens Shigella and Salmonella do not
Which one of the following organisms causes diarrhea by producing an enterotoxin that activates
adenylate cyclase?
Escherichia coli
Bacteroides fragilis
Staphylococcus aureus
Enterococcus faecalis
All answers are right
Escherichia, Salmonella, Yersinia, and Shigella are put together in Bergey's Manual because they are
all
pathogens
E.
835.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
836.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
837.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
838.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
839.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods
gram-positive aerobic cocci
fermentative
none of these
840.
Which of the following is most associated with infant diarrhea in underdeveloped countries; watery
diarrhea and vomiting, and non-bloody stools?
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
Which of the following is associated with dysentery with leukocytes in stool, similar to shingellosis?
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
Which of the following best describes Gram-negative bacteria?
Thick layer of peptidoglycan and no outer membrane
Thick layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane
Thin layer of peptidoglycan and no outer membrane
Thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane
Teichoic acids, lipoteichoic acids, and porins
Which of the following bacteria belong/s to the family Enterobacteriaceae?
Shigella.
Salmonella.
Yersinia.
all answers are right
Escherichia
In enteric fever, Salmonella may be isolated from:
urine.
faeces.
blood.
bile
all answers are right.
Which of the following specimens is/are most appropriate for culture of bacteria in first week of
enteric fever?
Blood.
Urine.
Faeces.
CSF.
Vomite
For detection of carriers in enteric fever, which of the following specimens is most important?
Faeces,
Urine.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
841.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
842.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
843.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
844.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
845.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
846.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
847.
A.
B. *
Blood.
Sputum.
CSF.
?Which of the following genera does not belong to family Spirochaetaceae?
Leptospira.
Spirochaeta.
C.
D.
E.
848.
A.
B.
C. *
Treponema.
Borrelia.
all anwers are correct
Each of the following statements concerning spirochetes is correct EXCEPT:
Species of Treponema are part of the normal flora of the mouth
Species of Borrelia cause a tick-borne disease called relapsing fever
The species of Leptospira that cause leptospirosis grow primarily in humans and are usually
transmitted by human-to-human contact
Species of Treponema cause syphilis and yaws
All are true
Indicate disease caused by Treponema pallidum:
Weil syndrome (icterohemorrhagic fever), canicola fever
Endemic relapsing fever
Lyme disease
Syphilis
Enteric fever
Which of the following is true for visualizing spirochete?
They can be viewed without significant magnification (e.g. 10x)
They can be viewed with Gram stain
They can be viewed with Giemsa stain
They require special analysis such as dark field illumination or silver stain
They are eucaryotes
Which of the following groups of people is most at risk for contracting T. pallidum?
Pregnant mothers
Cystic fibrosis patients
Sexually active patients
Elderly patients
Anyone (spread through contact with inanimate objects, such as toilet seats)
What stage of syphilis is characterized by disseminating rash, alopecia, lymphadenopathy, and flulike
symptoms.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Congenital
No correct answer
Each of the following statements concerning the VDRL test for syphilis is correct EXCEPT:
The antigen is composed of inactivated Treponema pallidum
The test is usually positive in secondary syphilis
False-positive results are more frequent than with the FTA-ABS test
D.
E.
849.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
850.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
851.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
852.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
853.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
854.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
The antibody titer declines with adequate therapy
All of the above
Which of the following staining techniques cannot be used for T. pallidum?
Gram staining.
Giemsa staining.
Silver impregnation staining.
Immunofluorescence staining.
all anwers are correct
855.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
856.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
857.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
858.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
859.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
860.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
Treponema pallidum can be cultivated in:
rabbit testes.
blood agar medium.
chocolate agar medium.
Thayer-Martin medium.
Yolk salt agar
Which of the following techniques can be used for inactivation of Treponema pallidum?
Heating at 41.5°C for 1 hour.
Storing at 5°C for 5 days.
Lyophilization.
All of the above.
Non of the above
Group-specific antigen of Treponema is chemically a:
protein.
polysaccharide.
lipid.
nucleic acid.
lipopolysaccharide
Species-specific antigen of Treponema pallidum is chemically a:
protein.
polysaccharide.
lipid.
nucleic acid.
lipopolysaccharide
Appearance of a hard chancre is characteristic of:
primary syphilis.
secondary syphilis.
latent syphilis.
tertiary syphilis.
It is not symptom of syphilis
Treponema pallidum cannot be demonstrated by microscopy in:
all are false
primary syphilis.
secondary syphilis.
latent syphilis.
all are true.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
862.
A. *
B.
Which of the following techniques is/are suitable for motility demonstration of Treponema pallidum
in exudates?
Dark-ground microscopy.
Directrect fluorescent-antibody staining for Treponema pallidum.
Light microscope
There is no any technique
all anwers are correct
Which of the following tests is performed most often for the serodiagnosis of syphilis?
VDRL test.
Kahn test.
C.
D.
E.
863.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
864.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
865.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
866.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
867.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
868.
A.
Wassermann reaction.
Reiter protein complement fixation test.
all anwers are correct
Which of the following serological tests is based upon the use of Treponema pallidum extract?
TPA test.
TPIA test.
ТРНА test.
TPI test.
all anwers are correct
Which of the following tests is performed to demonstrate congenital syphilis?
FTA-ABS test.
IgM FTA-ABS test.
TPI test.
TPHA test.
all anwers are correct
Which of the following diseases is/are nonvenereal?
Endemic syphilis.
Yaws.
Pinta.
all anwers are correct
all anwers are incorrect
Which of the following bacteria has/have been blamed to cause Vincent's angina?
Treponema vincenlii.
Leptotrichia buccalis.
Bacteroides melaninogenicus.
all anwers are correct
all anwers are incorrect
Which of the following spirocheta has/have caused Vincent's angina?
Treponema vincenlii.
Treponema pallidum
Treponema endemicum
Treponema carateum
Treponema oralis
Congenital syphilis infection:
Is virtually nonexistent in the United States
861.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
869.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
870.
Can be effectively prevented by proper screening of expectant mothers
Does not result in any long-term effects past the first year of life
Occurs most commonly in infants born to mothers who have been infected for more than one year
Is never life-threatening
Which of the following statements regarding Treponema pallidum is FALSE?
It is routinely cultured from early lesions by clinical laboratories.
It is too thin to be observed by standard light microscopy.
It has several subspecies that cause different diseases.
It ranges from 6 to 20 micrometers in length.
It is an obligate parasite of humans
Which of the following statements regarding syphilis is TRUE?
A.
B.
C.
Asymptomatic infection is rare.
Houston is a low incidence area.
Gummatous syphilis is caused by the rapid outgrowth of large numbers of organisms, which directly
damage the surrounding tissue.
The disease is not transmissible at the secondary stage.
Congenital syphilis is preventable with appropriate screening
Which of the following organisms is transmitted directly by human to human contact?
Borrelia hermsii
Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum
Leptospira interrogans
Spirillum minor
Borrelia burgdorferi
Manifestations of tertiary (late) syphilis can include all of the following EXCEPT:
aortic aneurism.
multiple skin lesions containing numerous organisms.
infection of the brain.
formation of granulomatous lesions anywhere in the body.
loss of sensory and motor function in the lower extremities.
Which of the following staining techniques cannot be used for T. pallidum?
Gram staining.
Giemsa staining.
Silver impregnation staining.
Imunofluorescence staining.
Burri staining.
Which of the following bacteria dies quickly after drying?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Staphylococcus aureus.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Bacillus anthracis
Treponema pallidium
In which of the following sexually transmitted diseases, ulcer/s is/are painless?
Syphilis.
Chancroid.
Herpes genitalis.
D.
E. *
871.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
872.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
873.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
874.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
875.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
876.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
877.
A. *
B.
C.
All of the above.
No correct answer
Treponema pallidum can be cultivated in:
rabbit testes.
blood agar medium.
chocolate agar medium.
Thayer-Martin medium.
Kitt-Tarozi medium
Appearance of a hard chancre is characteristic of:
primary syphilis.
secondary syphilis.
latent syphilis.
D.
E.
878.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
879.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
880.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
881.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
882.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
883.
tertiary syphilis.
complication of syphilis
Treponema pallidum is cultured in/on
blood agar
eggs
horse serum
rabit testis
serum broth
Formation of a gumma is
a damaged aorta
a damaged liver
a syphilitic tumor
the primary lesion of syphilis
the result of congenital syphilis
The treatment of choice for syphilis is:
antiserum
aurum drug
penicillin
sulfa drugs
tetracycline
Which of the following treponematoses is veneral disease?
bejel
pinta
yaws
syphilis
no one
Each of the following statements concerning Treponema is correct EXCEPT:
T. pallidum produces an exotoxin that stimulates adenylate cyclase
T. pallidum cannot be grown on conventional laboratory media
Treponemes are members of the normal flora of the human oropharynx
Patients infected with T. pallidum produce antibodies that react with beef heart cardiolipin
All of the above
What is the first symptom of Treponema pallidum?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
884.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
885.
A.
Chancre at infection site
Bullseye rash
Butterfly rash
Vaginal discharge
No correct answer
Syphilis is caused by which of the following?
Helicobacter pylori
Proteus mirabilis
Treponema pallidum
Serratia marcesans
Treponema Vincentii
What is characteristic of primary syphilis?
Painful chancre
B. *
C.
D.
E.
886.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
887.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
888.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
889.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
890.
A.
B.
C.
Painless chancre
Several painful ulcers in genital region
Several painless ulcers in genital region
Disseminating rash on entire body, soles, and palms
Indicate micribe which has sexual mode of transmission:
Treponema pallidum
Borrelia recurrentis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Leptospiras interrogans
Treponema vincentii
Indicate micribe which uses ticks for mode of transmission:
Treponema pallidum
Borrelia recurrentis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Leptospiras interrogans
Treponema vincentii
Indicate microbe which uses ticks for mode of transmission:
Treponema pallidum
Borrelia recurrentis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Leptospiras interrogans
Treponema vincentii
Indicate micribe which uses human-to-human for mode of transmission:
Treponema pallidum
Borrelia recurrentis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Leptospiras interrogans
Treponema vincentii
Which of the following is an early clinical sign of Lyme Disease and not a late sign?
Musculoskeletal disease (e.g. migratory myalgias, transient arthritis)
Nervous system disease (e.g. Bell palsy, encephalopathy)
Cardiovascular involvement (e.g. AV nodal block)
D. *
E.
891.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
892.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
Erythema chronicum migrans (ECM)
Acrodermatitis chronicum atrophicans (ACA)
Indicate disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi:
Weil syndrome (icterohemorrhagic fever), canicola fever
Endemic relapsing fever
Lyme disease
Syphilis
Enteric fever
Indicate disease caused by Borrelia recurrentis:
Weil syndrome (icterohemorrhagic fever), canicola fever
Endemic relapsing fever
Lyme disease
Syphilis
Enteric fever
893.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
894.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
895.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
896.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
897.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
898.
Borrelia is classified with the spirochetes because it
is aerobic
possesses an axial filament
is a rod
is a pathogen
none of the above
Louse-borne relapsing fever is caused by:
Borrelia recurrentis.
duttoni.
burgdorferi.
B. parkeri.
Treponema carateum
Relapses in relapsing fever occur due to:
antigen variation in bacteria.
increased toxin production by bacteria.
increased invasiveness of bacteria.
super infection with viruses.
all anwers are correct
Erythema chronicum migrans is observed in:
Lyme disease.
relapsing fever.
Weil's disease.
syphilis.
pinta
Animals involved in the normal life cycle of the Lyme disease spirochete include:
Bats
Mosquitoes
Deer tick
House flies
all anwers are correct
Louse-borne relapsing fever is caused by:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
899.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
900.
A.
B.
C.
Borrelia recurrentis.
B. duttoni.
B. burgdorferi.
B. parkeri.
B. persica
Relapses in relapsing fever occur due to:
antigen variation in bacteria.
increased toxin production by bacteria.
increased invasiveness of bacteria.
super infection with viruses.
increased fermentative activity of bacteria
Antigenic variation in relapsing fever Borrelia species is due to:
changes in the chromosomal DNA
post-translational modifications of proteins
conjugative transfer of plasmids
D. *
E.
901.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
902.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
903.
switching of genes from a storage plasmid to an expression plasmid
lousy gene transcription (different gene expression in lice and humans).
Similarities between syphilis and Lyme disease include all of the following EXCEPT:
Mode of transmission.
Progress from local to systemic disease.
Occurrence of persistent infection.
Spirochetal etiology.
Occurrence of cardiovascular manifestations
The antigenic changes occurring during relapsing fever:
result from the switching of unexpressed Variable Major Protein (VMP) genes into an expression
site.
do not affect the course of the disease.
result in multiple relapses involving organisms with the exact same VMP protein.
result from changes at the transcriptional level (not genotypic changes).
all anwers are correct
Features that Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum have in common include:
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
904.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
905.
A.
mode of transmission.
arthritis as a late manifestation.
local, disseminated, and chronic (persistent) stages of infection.
ease of in vitro culture in artificial medium.
diagnosis of infection through detection of anticardiolipin antibodies.
What vectors are spread an epidemic typhus?
Rat fleas.
Dog ticks.
Human body lice.
Mosquitos.
Deer ticks.
Lyme disease is caused by:
Borrelia recurrenlis.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
906.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
907.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
908.
B. dutioni.
B. burgdorferi.
B. hermsii
B. persica
Lyme disease is caused by ______ and spread by ______.
Borrelia recurrentis, lice
Borrelia burgdorferi, ticks
Borrelia burgdorferi, chiggers
Borrelia hermsii, ticks
Borrelia recurrentis, ticks
Epidemic Relapsing fever is spread by
lice
ticks
flea
mosquites
animal urine
Endemic Relapsing fever is spread by
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
909.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
910.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
911.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
912.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
lice
ticks
flea
mosquites
animal urine
Borellia burgdorferi causes which disease?
Lyme's Disease
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Hanta
Rabies
Relapsing fever
Indicate disease caused by Leptospira interrogans:
Weil syndrome (icterohemorrhagic fever), canicola fever
Endemic relapsing fever
Lyme disease
Syphilis
Enteric fever
Indicate micribe which uses rodents, dogs, fish, birds for mode of transmission:
Treponema pallidum
Borrelia recurrentis
Borrelia burgdorferi
Leptospiras interrogans
Treponema vincentii
How is leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira interrogans, transmitted?
Tick bite
Contaminated urine in food or water
Undercooked meat
Inhaled aerosol
E.
913.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
914.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
915.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
916.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
917.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
918.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
919.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
louse feces
Which of the following serovars of Leptospira interrogans is/are responsible for causing Weil's
disease?
Icterohaemorrhagiae.
Andamana.
Austral is.
all anwers are correct
all anwers are incorrect
Each of the following statements concerning epidemic typhus is correct EXCEPT:
The disease is characterized by a rash
The Weil-Felix test can aid in diagnosis of the disease
The disease is caused by a rickettsia
The causative organism is transmitted from rodents to humans by a tick
All of the above
Ticks are vectors for the transmission of each of the following diseases EXCEPT:
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
epidemic typhus
tularemia
Lyme disease
All of the above
Human body louse is responsible for transmission of which of the following diseases?
Epidemic typhus.
Murine typhus.
C.Rickettsialpox.
Q fever.
Typhus fever
Rickettsias and chlamydias are similar in being
carried by arthropod vectors
free of a cell wall
obligate intracellular bacteria
produce exotoxin
the cause of eye infections
The disease Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is:
confined to the northern Rocky Mountain region in the United States
often diagnosed by a classic rash beginning on the wrists and ankles,quickly spreading to the trunk,
and involving the palms and soles
transmitted by the rat flea
treated with penicillin plus supportive care
All answeres are corrected
The etiologic agent of epidemic typhus (louse-borne typhus) is:
Coxiella burnetii
Rickettsia typhi
Rickettsia akari
Rickettsia prowazekii
All answeres are corrected
920.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
921.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
922.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
923.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
924.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
925.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
926.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Q fever is a disease which is:
antroponosis
diagnosed primarily in large urban cities in the northeastern United States
usually transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of organisms, not by a vector
manifested by a characteristic rash with vesicles (blisters) beginning on the face and spreading to the
trunk
caused by Bartonella/ Rochalimaea henselae
Rickettsia:
can only be successfully cultured in anaerobic conditions
exhibit rapid growth (24-48 hours) on routine blood agar plates
can be cultured in fertile eggs and in some tissue cultures
can not be cultured in vitro
All answeres are corrected
The cell tropism of the genus Rickettsia determines the type of disease produced. Which phrase best
describes Rickettsial disease?
Encephalitis
Meningitis.
Myocarditis.
Myositis.
Vasculitis.
Which one of the following diseases is BEST diagnosed by serologic means?
Q fever
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Gonorrhea
Actinomycosis
All are true
Which one of the following organisms principally infects vascular endothelial cells?
Salmonella typhi
Rickettsia typhi
Haemophilus influenzae
Coxiella burnetii
E. coli
Antimicrobial resistance has become a significant problem. Which one of the following is of major
concern worldwide?
Nafcillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Penicillin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Tobramycin resistance in Escherichia coli
Protein A is present in cell wall of:
Staphylococcus aureus.
coagulase-negative staphylococci.
micrococci.
Salmonella.
Leptispira
A. *
Scalded skin syndrome is due to which toxin of Staphylococcus aureus?
Epidermolytic toxin.
Enterotoxin.
Leucocidin.
Haemolysin.
Erythrogenic toxin
Staphylococcus aureus produces all of the following toxins EXCEPT
heat stabile enterotoxin
toxic shock syndrome toxin
exfoliative toxin
adenylate cyclase toxin
alpha toxin
Staphylococcal food poisoning usually manifests itself within how much time after ingestion of
contaminated food?
2-6 hours.
6-12 hours.
12-24 hours.
24-48 hours.
1 year
Which of the following organisms is INCORRECTLY matched with the disease it most commonly
causes?
Staphylococcus saprophyticus - urinary tract infections
B.
C.
D.
E.
931.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
932.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
933.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
934.
Streptococcus pyogenes - pharyngitis
Enterococcus faecalis - neonatal meningitis
Viridans streptococci - dental caries
Staphylococcus aureus – food poisones
Specify disease which basis of treatment is application of an antitoxin
A typhoid
A nocardiosis
A eryzopeloid
A diphtheria
A gonorrhea
Dysentery like disease may be caused by
enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
enteroinvasive E. coli
enterotoxigenic E. coli
verotoxigenic E. coli
Shigella spp.
Which of the following media is selective for Salmonella?
Thiosulphate citrate bile salt agar
Wilson and Blair's brilliant-green bismuth sulphite agar medium
Bile salt agar
MPA
All are right
Identify the bacteria which is oxidase-negative and catalase-positive?
927.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
928.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
929.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
930.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
935.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
936.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
937.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Neisseria
Pseudomonas
All are right
Humans become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis most frequently by
inhalation
ingestion
contact
inoculation
all are false
BCG vaccine is used for prevent:
diphtheria
tuberculosis
botulism
brucelosis
Q fever
A positive Mantoux test indicates an area of induration of
4-9 mm in diameter
1-4 mm in diameter
10 mm or more in diameter
None of these
0 mm in diameter
938.
A.
B.
C.
Which one of the following is NOT an infection caused by a body flora organism?
Streptococcus viridans endocarditis
E. coli urinary tract infection
Pseudomonas blood stream infection in a patient with lymphoma (malignancy of lymphatic system)
and neutropenia (abnormally low number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the blood stream)
Pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila acquired during a hotel convention
Post-viral bronchitis
Which one of the following microorganisms is least likely to be associated with an important
infection, when isolated from a single blood culture taken from a patient with fever and systemic
symptoms (sick patient)?
Escherichia coli
Streptococcus pyogenes
Coagulase - negative Staphylococcus
Bacteroides fragilis
Staphylococcus aureus
Which one of the following is true about respiratory tract flora?
Escherichia coli is found in the upper respiratory tract of most people.
Colonization of the lower respiratory tract with upper respiratory tract flora because of failure of
clearing mechanisms explains 'bronchitis'.
Mucociliary motility mechanisms are important in the bladder, not the respiratory tract.
Local acid production because of high tissue concentrations of glycogen is a major factor limiting
bacterial replication.
D. *
E.
939.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
940.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
C.
D. *
E.
942.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
943.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
944.
A.
B.
C. *
Streptococcus pneumoniae virtually never colonizes the upper respiratory tract in healthy persons.
Which of the following IS NOT true regarding the bacterial species that comprise the body's normal
flora?
They may produce something good for the body (e.g. vitamins).
They take up space and utilize nutrients eliminating the chance for colonization by pathogenic
bacteria.
They may produce antibiotics or stimulate immunity against pathogenic bacteria
*They rarely cause illness because they are not virulent.
The mucosal surfaces of the body are heavily colonized.
Match the organism with its usual colonizing site - Bacteroides melanogenicus
Intestine
Skin
Vagina
Mouth
Pulmonary alveoli
Match the organism with its usual colonizing site - Coagulase negative Staphylococcus
Intestine
Skin
Vagina
Mouth
Pulmonary alveoli
Match the organism with its usual colonizing site -Lactobacillus spp
Intestine
Skin
Vagina
D.
E.
945.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
946.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
947.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
Mouth
Pulmonary alveoli
Match the organism with its usual colonizing site -Enterococcus faecalis
Intestine
Skin
Vagina
Mouth
Pulmonary alveoli
Which one of the following body sites is not usually bacteriologically 'sterile'?
Endometrial cavity of uterus
Pulmonary alveoli
Bladder
Duodenum
Meninges
Choose the best match for the mechanisms controlling normal flora in the stomach:
Mucociliary action
low pH
Peristalsis
Antibody to normal flora
All are true
E.
941.
A.
B.
948.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
949.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
950.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
951.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
952.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
953.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
954.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
Choose the best match for the mechanisms controlling normal flora in the Small intestine (jejunum,
ileum):
Mucociliary action
low pH
Peristalsis
Antibody to normal flora
All are true
Choose the best match for the mechanisms controlling normal flora in the Lower respiratory tract:
Mucociliary action
low pH
Peristalsis
Antibody to normal flora
All are true
Choose the best match for the mechanisms controlling normal flora in the vagina, during
reproductive years:
Mucociliary action
low pH
Peristalsis
Antibodies to normal flora
All are true
The main carrier site on the human body for strains of potentially pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus
is the
oral cavity
throat (posterior nasopharynx)
nasal membranes
gastrointestinal tract
vagina
Which tissue in a human is free from colonization by microbes (normal flora) because the organisms
lack normal access to the tissue?
blood (vascular system)
colon
stomach
lower respiratory tract
urinary tract (urethra)
The predominant bacteria in the mouth, GI tract (colon), and skin, respectively, are
staphylococci, streptococci, and corynebacteria
streptococci, E. coli, and staphylococci
lactic acid bacteria, Bacteroides, and staphylococci
staphylococci, E. coli, and streptococci
neisseriae, enterococci, and clostridia
The most important benefit that the human gastrointestinal flora provide for their host is
digestion of dietary cellulose
production of endotoxin that produces toxemia
production of dietary protein
antagonism against colonization by potential pathogens
A.
production of antibodies
The bacterial product that prevents colonization of the vagina by potentially pathogenic yeasts is
bacteriocin
peroxide
TSST toxin
lysozyme
lactic acid
Which one of the following microorganisms is closely associated with dental caries?
Candida albicans
Streptococcus mutans
Prevotella melaninogenica
Neisseria subflava
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae can be part of the normal flora of 5-40% of people. At what anatomic site
can it be found7
Conjunctiva
Nasopharynx
Colon
Urethra
Vagina
Which of the following areas of the body do not have a resident microbial flora?
upper respiratory tract
eyes
bladder
ear
skin
Which of the following phenomena is/are associated with the metabolic and biochemical activities of
the intestinal microflora?
Vitamin synthesis
B.
C.
D.
E. *
960.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
961.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
Production of amines
Production of organic acids
Antagonistic properties
All are true.
The highest density and diversity of intestinal microflora is found in:
Oral cavity
Stomach
Duodenum
Ileum
Colon
Choose among listed microorganisms which occupy a soil:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Staphylococcus
Nitrosomonas, Azotobacter, Actynomycetes
Bacteroides, Vibrio, Spirillum
Brucella, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium
Salmonella, Shigella, Leptospira
E.
955.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
956.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
957.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
958.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
959.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
965.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
966.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Choose methods of research of an air microflora:
Membranes filters
Pasteur's
Sedementative
Fortner's
Quantitative
Specify sanitary - indicative microbes of an air.
Neisseria, Streptococcus haemolyticus
Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus haemolyticus
Sarcina luteae, Actynomycetes
Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae
On the membrane filter after through it 2 l of the water had filtered, 4 grey and 6 red colonies grow.
Calculate a coli - titre and coli- index. Choose the true answer.
50 and 20
125 and 8
250 and 4
330 and 3
500 and 2
What from the listed microorganisms can exist long time in soil?
Typhoid fever and dysentery
Tuberculosis and diphtheria
Virus hepatites A and B
Hemophylus influenzea and streptococus pneumonias
Anthrax and a botulism
What diseases can be transferred through water more often?
Tuberculosis, tetanus
Typhoid fever, dysentery, hepatites A
Anthrax, plagues, tularemia
Flu, measles, diphtherias
E. *
967.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
968.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
969.
A.
Botulism, gas gangren infections, tetanus
Administration of probiotics is clinically proven to be effective in the prevention of:
Breast cancer
Colon cancer
Hypercholestrolaemia
Antibiotic associated diarrhoea
Travellers’ diarrhoea
Aminoglycosides interfere with:
cell wall synthesis.
cell membrane function.
DNA function.
protein synthesis
ribosomes
Following are beta-lactamase-resistant penicillins except:
methicillin.
962.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
963.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
964.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
970.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
971.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
972.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
973.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
974.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
975.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
976.
carbenicillin.
nafcillin.
oxacillin.
All are true
Lysozyme produced by humans and other mammalian hosts:
Cleaves peptidoglycan between N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl- muramic acid (NAM)
residues.
Inhibits the addition of amino acids to NAG.
Disrupts the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria.
Destroys lipopolysaccharide.
Results in a sterile environment in the mouth.
Polymyxin and amphotericin В interfere with:
cell wall synthesis.
cell membrane function.
DNA function.
protein synthesis
All are true
Resistance to many antibiotics is carried on
R factor plasmids.
sex pili.
enzymes.
chromosomes.
A factor plasmids
Resistance against which of the following drugs involves modification of the drug by enzymatic
modification or degradation of its active element?
Penicillins
Chloramphenicol.
Aminoglycosides.
All are true
All are false
The most commonly encountered bacteria are roughly spherical. The microbiological term describing
this shape is
coccus
bacillus
pleomorphic
vibrio
spirochete
Some bacteria are considered pleomorphic. This means
A. they are shaped like bent rods.
they have a corkscrew shape.
they do not have just one shape.
they are not either bacilli or cocci.
they are not either vibrio or spirocheteand does not decolorise
Targeting antibiotic therapy against the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria is advantageous because
the wall is:
B. *
C.
D.
E.
981.
A.
B. *
C.
chemically vulnerable
mechanically accessible
synthetically complex
unique to the bacterium
all are false
When flagella are distributed all round the bacterial cell, the arrangement is known as:
monotrichous.
lophotrichous.
amphitrichous.
peritrichous
all are false
Therapy of Candida albicans is:
Antitoxin
Nystatin
Cefotetan
Ketoconazole
Penicillin
What medicine is used for therapy of Candida albicans infection?
Antitoxin
Penicillin
Cefotetan
Ketoconazole
Nystatin
What is a microorganism?
A microorganism is a small organism that takes in and breaks down food for energy and nutrients,
excretes unused food as waste, and is capable of reproduction.
A microorganism is a term that refers to a cell.
A microorganism is a small organism that causes diseases only in plants.
A microorganism is a small organism that causes diseases only in animals.
All are false
What is a pathogenic microorganism?
A microorganism that multiplies
A disease-causing microorganism
A microorganism that grows in a host
D.
E.
982.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
983.
A.
B.
A microorganism that is small
All are false
. Why is a fungus called a eukaryotic microorganism?
Fungus has cells that have a nucleus, nuclear envelope, cytoplasm, and organelles.
Fungus has cells that have a nucleus and no nuclear envelope.
Fungus has cells that have a nucleus, nuclear envelope, cytoplasm, but no organelles.
Fungus has cells that have no nucleus, no nuclear envelope, no cytoplasm, and no organelles.
All are false
Which of the following statements is most correct about the differential Gram stain?
Crystal violet differentially stains Gram positive cells.
Gram's iodine differentially stains Gram positive cells.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
977.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
978.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
979.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
980.
A.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
986.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
987.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
988.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
989.
Etanol differentially destains Gram negative cells.
Saffron red differentially stains Gram negative cells.
Etanol fixes Gram negative cells
A 40X objective and an 10X ocular produce a total magnification of
4
50
90
120
400
The original distinction between the two types of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, was made on the
basis of the
structure of the cell wall
absence or presence of mitochondria.
absence or presence of a nuclear membrane.
absence or presence of ribosomes
structure of the cell membrane.
What is a smear?
A smear is a preparation process in which a specimen is spread on a slide.
A smear is a preparation process in which a specimen is dyed.
A smear is a process in which a specimen is moved beneath a microscope.
A smear is a process used to identify a specimen.
No correct answer
Why is a bacterium called a prokaryotic organism?
A bacterium is a one-cell organism that does not have a distinct nucleus.
A bacterium is a one-cell organism that has a distinct nucleus.
C. A bacterium is a multicell organism that does not have a distinct nucleus.
A bacterium is a multicell organism that has a distinct nucleus.
No correct answer
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is best used to study
small internal cell structures.
surface morphology.
cytoplasma
nucleoid
all of the above.
Bacterial genus/genera of medical importance which produce endospores is/are:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
990.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
Bacillus.
Bacterium.
Corynebacterium
Mycobacterium
Micrococcus
What microbes do belong to coccal forms?
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Yersinia pestis
C. *
D.
E.
984.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
985.
E.
991.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
992.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
993.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
994.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
995.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
996.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
None of above
What microbes do belong to coccal forms?
Salmonella
Leptospira
Yersinia
Clostridia
Streptococcus
What microbes do belong to coccal forms?
Bordetella
Treponema
Micrococcus
Vibrio
Shigella
What microbes do belong to coccal forms?
Neisseria
Borrelia
Corynebacteria
Proteus
Spirilla
What microbes do belong to spiral forms?
Neisseria
Borrelia
Corynebacteria
Proteus
Spirilla
What microbes do belong to spiral forms?
Bordetella
Treponema
Micrococcus
Sarcina
Shigella
What microbes do belong to spiral forms?
Salmonella
Leptospira
Yersinia
Clostridia
E.
997.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
998.
A. *
Streptococcus
What microbes do belong to spiral forms?
Bordetella
Clostridia
Micrococcus
Vibrio
Shigella
Choose rod-shaped bacteria:
Clostridium
B.
C.
D.
E.
999.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
1000
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1001
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
1002
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
1003
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
1004
A.
B.
Meningococcus
Vibrio
Borrelia
Sarcina
Indicate gram-positive bacteria.
Escherichia coli
Neisseria meningitidis
Staphylococcus aureus
Vibrio cholerae
Treponema palloidum
Indicate gram-positive bacteria.
Streptococcus
Vibrio
Borrelia
Neisseria
Salmonella
Indicate gram-positive bacteria.
Salmonella and Shigella
Micrococcus and Tetracoccus
Vibrio and Spirocheta
Borrelia and Leptospira
Neisseria and Treponema
Indicate gram-positive bacteria.
Neisseria and Treponema
Vibrio and Spirocheta
Borrelia and Leptospira
Salmonella and Shigella
Bacillus and Clostridium
Indicate gram-negative bacteria.
Neisseria and Treponema
Salmonella and Shigella
Vibrio and Spirocheta
Correct all
No correct answer
Indicate gram-negative bacteria.
Clostridium botulinum
Bacillus anthracis
C. *
D.
E.
1005
A.
B.
C.
D.
Neisseria meningitidis
Micrococcus luteus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
According to the types of bacterial respiration such groups of bacteria may exist:
obligate aerobes
obligate anaerobes
facultative anaerobes
capneic
E. *
1006
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1007
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
1008
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
1009
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
1010
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
1011
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
1012
A.
B.
all answers are correct
All of the listed microorganisms are facultative anaerobes, EXCEPT:
Clostridium botulinum
Escherichia spp.
Salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
Staphylococci spp
Biological identification is carrying out by:
allergic tests
inoculation of laboratory animals
agglutination test
biochemical reactions
cultivation on species
Choose obligate aerobes among these microorganisms:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulini
Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi
Bacillus anthracis, Brucella melitensis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Micrococcus spp.
Differential diagnostic media are used for:
Examination of antibiotics susceptibility of bacteria
Accumulations of microbial biomass
Examination of microorganisms pathogenicity
Studies of antigen structure of microorganisms
Examination of bacteria enzyme activity
What are features of first stage of isolation of pure culture of anaerobes?
Macroscopic examination of tested material and its inoculation in Kitt-Tarozzi medium and milk
Microscopic examination of tested material and its inoculation in Kitt-Tarozzi medium and milk
Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tested material and its inoculation on the slant agar
and in milk
Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tested material and its inoculation in MPB and on
MPA
Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tested material and its inoculation in the Kitt-Tarozzi
medium and milk
The second stage of isolation of pure culture of aerobes is:
Macroscopic examination of material and its inoculation in liquid nutrient medium
Macro- and microscopic verification of culture purity
Serological identification
Macro- and microscopic study of colonies and their inoculation them on slant agar
Biochemical identification
The typical course of an untreated HIV infection extends over 10 or more years. There is usually a
long period (clinical latency) between the time of primary HIV infection and the development of
AIDS. During this period of clinical latency
HIV is not detectable in the plasma
CD4 cell counts remain unchanged
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
1014
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
1015
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1016
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
1017
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
1018
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
1019
Virus cannot be transmitted to others
Virus is present in lymphoid organs
Neutralizing antibodies are not elicited
Highly active antiretroviral combination therapy for HIV infection usually includes a protease
inhibitor such as saqumavir. Such a protease inhibitor
Is effective against HIV-1 but not HIV-2
Seldom gives rise to resistant mutants of HIV
Inhibits a late step in virus replication
Degrades the CD4 receptor on cells
Interferes with virus interaction with coreceptor
What is the average incubation period for development of AIDS?
One year.
Five years.
Ten years.
Fifteen years.
All are false
Which is the commonest bacterial infection in HIV disease?
Mycobacterial infection.
Salmonella infection.
Bartonella infection.
Klebsiella infection.
All are false
Viral infection/s frequently observed in HIV disease is/are:
herpes simplex.
varicella-zoster.
cytomegalovirus.
all are true.
All are false
Fungal infection/s frequently observed in HIV disease is/are:
candidiasis.
cryptococcosis.
aspergillosis.
all are true.
All are false
Parasitic infection/s frequently observed in HIV disease is/are:
isosporiasis.
toxoplasmosis.
cryptosporidiosis.
all are true.
All are false
Which is the commonest opportunistic infection in AIDS patients?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Tuberculosis.
Toxoplasmosis.
Cryptosporidiosis.
Cryptococcosis.
C.
D. *
E.
1013
E.
1020
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
1021
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
1022
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1023
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1024
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1025
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1026
All are false
One of the first infections that present with AIDS patients is:
Salmonellosis
Shigellosis
Thrush (Candidiasis)
Legionnaires' disease
Giardiasis
What is the basis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HIV detection?
Formation of antigen-antibody complexes
Amplification of viral nucleic acid
Amplification of viral proteins
Amplification of antiviral antibodies
Detection of viral capsid proteins
?A 10-year-old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8
mm in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction
developed after the tuberculin injection?
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
Arthus phenomenon
Seroreaction
Atopic reaction
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
A patient with clinical presentations of immunodeficiency went through immunological
examinations. They revealed significant loss of cells that form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. What
conclusion can be made according to the analysis data?
Decrease of T-lymphocytes rate
Decrease of B-lymphocytes rate
Decrease of natural killer cell rate
Decrease of complement system rate
Insufficiency of effector cells of humoral immunity
As a result of durative antibiotic therapy a 37-year old patient developed intestinal dysbacteriosis.
What type of drugs should be used in order to normalize intestinal microflora?
Eubiotics
Sulfanilamides
Bacteriophages
Autovaccines
Vitamins
Among junior children of an orphanage an outbreak of intestinal infection with signs of colienteritis
was registered. In order to identify isolated causative agent it is necessary to:
Study antigenic properties of the causative agent
To determine sensitivity to antibiotics
To study sensitivity to bacteriophages
To study biochemical properties of the causative agent
To study virulence of the causative agent
Urine examination of a patient with acute cystitis revealed leukocytes and a lot of gram-negative
bacilli. Inoculation resulted in growth of colonies of mucous nature that formed green soluble
pigment. What microorganism is the most probable cause of the disease?
A. *
B.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherihia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella enteritidis
A laboratory received a material from a patient's wound. Preliminary diagnosis is gaseous gangrene.
What microbiological method should be applied to determine species of causative agent?
Bacteriological
Allergic
Bacterioscopic
Serological
RIA
There are areas where humans or animals are exposed to the constant risk of contracting certain types
of bacteria. What feature of these bacteria is responsible for their long viability in the soil?
Spore formation
Capsule formation
Ability to multiply in the plant remains
Thick cell wall
Plasmids
The causative agent of botulism causes severe food poisoning. Specify the most characteristic
morphological feature of botulism causative agent:
Gram-positive bacillus with subterminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-spore-forming bacillus
Gram-positive bacillus with terminal spore
Thin mobile bacillus with central spore
Thick gram-positive bacillus without spores and flagella
Microbiological analysis of medicinal raw materials revealed capsular bacteria. What stain method
was used to detect the capsules?
Burry-Gins
Ziehl-Neelsen
Neisser
Gram
Ozheshko
Bacterioscopic examination of chancre material revealed some mobile, long, convoluted
microorganisms with 8-12 regular coils. These features are typical for:
Treponema
Borrellia
Leptospira
Vibrios
Campylobacter
Infectious agents of various ultrastructures can be etiological agents of infectious diseases. Which of
the groups named below HAS NO cellular structure, protein synthesizing, enzyme and energy
systems?
Viruses
Fungi
C.
Bacteria
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1027
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1028
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1029
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1030
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1031
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1032
D.
E.
1033
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1034
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1035
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1036
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1037
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1038
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1039
A. *
Protozoa
Rickettsia
What method of sterilization should be used during the liquid media containing proteins?
Filtering
Boiling
Gas sterilization
Autoclaving
Pasteurization
Meat peptone broth is prepared for sterilization in bateriological laboratory. What sterilization
method is advisable?
Autoclaving
Ignition
Boiling
Filtering
Dry heat
A patient has a necrotizing phlegmon of his lower extremity. A doctor suspects a gas gangrene.
Microscopy reveals Gram-positive bacilli. In order to confirm the diagnosis further bacteriological
tests should include inoculation of the material into the following nutrient medium:
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Endo agar
Levine agar
Meat-peptone agar
Milk-salt agar
Bacteria eventually become resistant to antibacterial agents. Resistance of gram-positive bacteria to
penicillin antibiotics is caused by:
Beta-lactamase production
Permeability of the cell wall
Active synthesis of peptidoglycan
Active transport of antibiotic
Protein synthesis
Which one of the listed substances causes formation of acquired artificial passive immunity?
Tetanus toxoid
BCG
MMR
DPT
TABTe
It is necessary to carry out preventive vaccination of a student group because of an occurrence of
diphtheria. Which preparation should be used for the creation of the artificial active immunity?
Diphtheria toxoid
Specific immunoglobulin
DTP vaccine
Inactivated bacteria vaccine
Anti-diphtheria serum
For the specific prevention of influenza, the employees of an enterprise were vaccinated with
"Influvac". What type of immunity will develop in the body of the vaccinated?
Artificial active
B.
C.
D.
E.
1040
Innate congenital
Artificial passive
Natural active
Natural passive
Dysbiosis can be treated with drugs that contain living representatives of normal microflora as well
as their metabolic products. Select the microorganisms that are used for the production of such drugs:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1041
Bifidum bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
Proteus
Providencia
Yersinia
A 26-year-old female patient with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a
causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
Doxycycline
Interferon
BCG vaccine
Ambroxol
Dexamethasone
What condition may develop 15-30 minutes after re-administration of the antigen as a result of the
increased level of antibodies, mainly IgE, that are adsorbed on the surface of target cells, namely
tissue basophils (mast cells) and blood basophils?
Anaphylaxis
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immune complex hyperresponsiveness
Serum sickness
10 days after having quinsy caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus a 6-year-old child exhibited
symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What mechanism of glomerular lesion is most likely in this case?
Immunocomplex
Cellular cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxis
Atopy
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
6 hours after the initial inoculation of water sample into 1% peptone water, the growth of a culture in
form of a thin pellicle on the medium surface was registered. Such cultural properties are typical for
the causative agent of the following disease:
Cholera
Plague
Tuberculosis
Dysentery
Pseudotuberculosis
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1042
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1043
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1044
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1045
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1046
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1047
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1048
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1049
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1050
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1051
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Plague
Anthrax
Microbiological studies of air in the pharmacy room revealed the presence of pathogenic
staphylococci. Select the medium in which you can detect the lecithinase activity of the isolated
microorganism:
Yolk-salt agar
Blood agar
Bismuth sulfite agar
Sugar agar
Meat-extract agar
There is a suspicion of active tuberculosis development in patient. The doctor has appointed Mantoux
test to make a diagnosis. What immunobiological agent has to be administered?
Tuberculin
BCG vaccine
DPT vaccine
Tularin
DT vaccine
A smear from the tonsillar coating of a patient with suspected diphtheria was found to contain blue
bacilli with a thickening at the poles. What method of smear staining was used?
Leffler
Burri
Hins
Gram
Neisser
Botulism agent causes severe food toxicoinfection. Point out the most characteristic morphologic
feature of botulism agent.
Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli with subterminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-sporeforming bacilli
Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli with terminal spore
Thin mobile spore-forming bacilli with central spore
Thick gram-negative non-sporeforming bacilli
The causative agent of tetanus causes severe disease. Specify the most characteristic morphological
feature of tetanus causative agent:
Gram-positive bacillus with terminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-spore-forming bacillus
Gram-positive bacillus with subterminal spore
Thin mobile bacillus with central spore
Thick gram-positive bacillus without spores and flagella
A bacteriological laboratory studied the home-made dried fish which had caused a severe food
poisoning. Microscopy of the culture grown on the Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms
resembling a tennis racket. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Botulism
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Dysentery
Typhoid fever
1052
Quite often, the soil may contain a number of pathogenic microorganisms. The causative agents of
the following disease may stay viable in the soil for a long time:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1053
Anthrax
Diphtheria
Viral hepatitis
Pertussis
Dysentery
A patient presents with fever, chill and cough. From his sputum the ovoid Gram-negative bipolarstained bacilli with a delicate capsule were isolated. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Plague
Tuberculosis
Leptospirosis
Brucellosis
Toxoplasmosis
For cultivation of Brucella pure cultures should be incubated in CO2 enriched atmosphere. What type
of breathing is typical for Brucella?
Capnophilic
Facultative anaerobic
Obligate anaerobic
Obligate aerobic
Any
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of botulism. What serological reaction
should be used to reveal botulinum toxin?
Neutralization reaction
Agglutination reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation reaction
Immunofluorescence test
In a village, a case of anthrax had been registered. Medical services began epidemiologically
indicated specific prophylaxis of population against anthrax. What preparation was used for this
purpose?
Live vaccine
Inactivated vaccine
Chemical vaccine
Genetically engineered vaccine
Anatoxin
The laboratory for especially dangerous infections conducts microscopic examination of pathological
material from a patient with suspected plague. The sample was stained by Burri-Gins technique.
What property of the causative agent can be identified by this technique?
Capsule formation
Spore formation
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
Presence of volutin granules
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1054
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1055
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1056
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1057
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1058
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1059
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1060
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1061
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1062
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1063
A. *
B.
C.
D.
RNA-containing viruses that cause tumors in animals, genetic information can be transmitted in the
opposite direction from the RNA to the DNA via a specific enzyme. The enzyme of reverse
transcription is called:
Reverse transcriptase
DNA polymerase
Ligase
Primase
Topoisomerase
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction
based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidise or alkaline
phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological
reaction?
Immune-enzyme analysis
Radioimmunoassay technique
Immunofluorescence test
Bordet-Gengou test
Antigen-binding assay
A 3-year-old child has continuous fever, lymph nodes are enlarged, the amount of lymphocytes in
blood is significantly increased. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed antigen of
Epstein-Barr virus. What diagnosis can be made based on the information given above?
Infectious mononucleosis
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Herpetic lymphadenopathy
Generalized infection caused by
Cytomegalovirus infection
Hepatitis B is diagnosed through laboratory tests that determine the presence of HBV-DNA in blood
serum of the patient. What reference method is applied for this purpose?
Polymerase chain reaction
Hybridization method
Hybridization signal amplification method
Ligase chain reaction method
ELISA diagnostic method
In our country, routine preventive vaccinations against poliomyelitis ivolve using live vaccine that is
administered orally. What immunoglobulins are responsible for the development of local postvaccination immunity in this case?
Secretory IgA
IgM
IgG
Serum IgA
IgE
A laboratory received a sample of water used in drug production for sanitary and virological analysis.
What group of viruses will indicate faecal contamination of water and thus the need for its additional
purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
E.
1064
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1065
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1066
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1067
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1068
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1069
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Flaviviridae
A sample of water used in drug production has been sent to a laboratory for sanitary and virological
analysis. Presence of what virus group will be indicative of faecal contamination of water and thus
the need for its additional purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
Flaviviridae
Virological laboratory has received patient’s nasopharyngeal lavage. What can be used to single out
influenza virus from the patient’s lavage?
Chick embryo
Meat infusion agar
Meat infusion broth
Endo’s medium
Lowenstein–Jensen medium
A person has been in contact with influenza patient. What drug should be administered for specific
passive influenza prophylaxis?
Amizon
Vaccine influenza virus inactivated
Leukocytic interferon
Immunoglobulin
Anaferon
Allantoic fluid of a chicken embryo contaminated with nasopharyngeal flush of a patient was found
to contain a virus. What diagnostic agents should be used to identify it?
Standard antiviral sera
Viral diagnosticums
Human immunoglobulin
Diagnosticums produced of standard virus strains
Polyvalent immune sera
Mass serological diagnosis of HIV infection is made by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay techniques. What standard component of the reaction must be adsorbed on the solid phase of
the test system?
HIV antigens
Monoclonal HIV antibodies
Enzyme-marked HIV antibodies
Specific immunoglobulins
Substrates to determine enzyme activity
A smear of sputum from the patient with suspected lobar pneumonia was stained with the use of the
following stains and reagents: solution of gentian violet (crystal violet), Lugol's solution, 96o alcohol,
water magenta. What staining method was applied in this case?
A
Gram
B
Ziehl-Nielsen
C
Romanovsky
D
Neisser
E
Leffler
1070
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1071
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1072
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1073
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1074
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1075
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
A child entering the school for the first time was given Mantoux test in order to determine if there
was a need for revaccination. The reaction was negative. What is the meaning of this test result?
No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
Availability of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
No antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
No anti-toxic immunity to tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed some gram-negative
bean-shaped bacteria located in the leukocytes. They can be identified as the causative agent of the
following disease:
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Chancroid
Trichomoniasis
Diphtheria exotoxin had been treated with 0,3-0,4% formalin and kept in a thermostat for 30 days at a
temperature of 40oC. What preparation was obtained as a result of these manipulations?
Anatoxin (toxoid)
Antitoxin
Diagnosticum
Therapeutic serum
Diagnostic serum
It is known that infectious type B hepatitis is a systemic disease caused by the type B hepatitis virus
and characterized by a predominant liver affection. Choose from the below given list the drugs for
the etiotropic therapy of this infection:
Acyclovir
Penicillin
Tetracycline
Sulfanilamides
Fluoroquinolones
Antibiotics can be classified according to various principles. According to the action mechanism
cephalosporins relate to the following group:
Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
Inhibitors of protein synthesis
Inhibitors of respiratory processes
Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorilation
Inhibitors of cytoplasmic membrane synthesis
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pyogene
1076
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1077
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1078
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1079
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1080
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1081
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
Examination of air state in hospital was done by method of sedimentation. It revealed 5 small
roundish colonies with zone of hemolysis around them. Inoculations were made on the following
cultural medium:
Blood agar
Endo agar
Meat infusion agar
Egg yolk and salt agar
Levin agar
One of mass production drugs is produced by inactivation of bacterial exotoxin by formalin. What is
this drug for?
For active immunization
For serodiagnostic assay
For passive immunization
For toxinemia treatment
For immunocorrection
Inoculation of chicken embryos is the main method of detection of influenza virus. In order to
neutralize associated bacterial flora in the material under examination (nasopharyngeal lavage) it is
necessary to add beforehand:
Antibiotics
Eubiotics
Fluorescent serum
Leukocytic interferon
Ant-influenza gamma globulin
During bacteriological analysis of solutions prepared in a pharmacy some red colonies with metallic
glitter have grown on Endo agar. What microbes were revealed?
Escherichia
Shigella
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Salmonella
In bacteriological laboratory to sterilize culture media that contain substances that change at a
temperature above 100 °C (urea, carbohydrates). What a way to sterilize laboratory should elect?
Flowing steam, fractional
Tindalization
Pasteurization
Steam under pressure in an autoclave
Boiling
Veterinarny assistant, working on cattle farm went to a doctor complaining of joint pain, fever,
malaise, night sweats. Ill for about a month. Given that the patient is working on a farm and livestock
related complaints, the doctor suspected he had brucellosis. What material is taken from this patient
to be investigated in the usual microbiological laboratory?
Sputum
Blood serum
Vomit fluid
Urine
Feces
1082
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1083
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1084
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1085
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1086
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1087
A. *
B.
C.
D.
A patient, sick 3 days ago, complaining of the increased temperature of 38 ° C, abdominal pain, loose
stools, presence of blood in the stool, the doctor diagnosed clinically bacterial dysentery. What
method of microbiological diagnosis is advisable to apply in this case and what material should be
taken from the patient to confirm the diagnosis?
Bacteriologycal
Serological ,blood
Smear ,blood
Smear , feces
Bacteriology, urine
A patients with gastric ulcer with hyperacidity after endoscopy and bacteriological studies were
identified bacteria of the genus Helicobacter. Thanks to some property of these organisms are not
killed in the acidic environment of the stomach?
Urease activity
Ability to form a capsule
Oxidase activity
Catalase activity
Resistance to vancomycin
A patient with pustular skin lesions isolated pathogen, which is on blood agar forms a rounded,
medium sized, yellow colonies surrounded by a zone of hemolysis. In smears made from the colonies
Gr + cocci appear in clusters were found. Pure culture is oxidase-and catalase-positive, ferments
mannitol, synthesizes plasma coagulase. Which of the following type matches the selected agent?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Widal agglutination test detected antibody titer of O-antigen of S. typhi in the patient’s serum
increased from 1:100 to 1:400. How can we interpret these results?
Sick with typhoid fever
Previously vaccinated against typhoid fever
Are chronic carriers of typhoid bacteria
Is an acute typhoid bacteria carier
Previously was ill with typhoid fever
In brain cells of fox’s, trapped in the city had been found the inclusion – Babesh- Negri bodies. What
is the causative agent of fox’s infection?
Rabies
Flu
Chickenpox
Tick borne encephalitis
Kissing disease
Gram-positive anaerobic spore-forming rods are isolated from sample of patient with food poisoning.
What is the causative agent infection?
C. perfringens
Vibrio parahemolyticus
Proteus vulgaris
P.mirabilis
E.
1088
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1089
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1090
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1091
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1092
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1093
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Esherichia coli
Blood analysis of a patient showed signs of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus). Which
cells does HIV-virus primarily affect?
Cells that contain receptor T4 (T-helpers)
Cells that contain receptor IgM (B-lymphocytes)
Specialized nervous cells (neurons)
Proliferating cells (stem hematoplastic cells)
Mast cells
The immunoblot detected gp120 protein in the blood serum. This protein is typical for the following
disease:
HIV-infection
Tuberculosis
Poliomyelitis
Syphilis
Virus B hepatitis
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis B
Virus of hepatitis A
Virus of hepatitis E
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Serological diagnostics of infectious diseases is based upon specific interaction with antigenes.
Specify the serological reaction that underlies adhesion of microorganisms when they are affected by
specific antibodies in presence of an electrolyte:
Agglutination reaction
Complement-binding reaction
Precipitation reaction
Neutralization reaction
Hemadsorption reaction
A man was admitted to the hospital on the 5th day of disease that manifested itself by jaundice,
muscle aching, chill, nose bleedings. In course of laboratory diagnostics a bacteriologist performed
dark-field microscopy of the patients blood drop. Name a causative agent of this disease
Leptospira interrogans
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Rickettsia mooseri
Borrelia dutlonii
Bartonella bacilloformis
From the defecation of a 6-year-old ill child, who has artificial feeding, the intestinal bacillus with
antigen structure 0-111 is excreted. What is the diagnosis?
Coli-enteritis
Dysentery-like diseasis
Food poisoning
Gastroenteritis
Cholera-like diseasis
1094
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1095
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1096
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1097
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1098
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1099
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1100
For serological diagnostics of the whooping cough it was made large-scale reaction with
parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of
Bordetella parapertussis grain-like sediment formed. What antibodies have this reaction revealed?
Agglutinins
Antitoxins
Bacteriolysins
Opsonins
Precipitins
Examination of a child revealed some whitish spots looking like coagulated milk on the mucous
membrane of his cheeks and tongue. Analysis of smears revealed gram-positive oval yeast-like cells.
What causative agents are they?
Candida
Diphtheria bacillus
Fusobacteria
Actinomycetes
Staphylococci
Gram-positive cocci were isolated from the patient’s skin lesion. The coagulase test for plasma
clotting was used to distinguish:
Staph. aureus from Staph. epidermidis
Str. pyogenes from Staph. epidermidis
Str. pyogenes from Str. faecalis
Staph. aureus from Neisseria meningitidis
Str. pneumoniae from Str. pyogenes
What organism causes a rheumatic fever?
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Gonococcus
Pneumococcus
Klebsiella
Оn bacteriological examination of the defecation of а 4-months-old bаbу with the symptoms of acute
bowel infection there were revealed red colonies spread іn the large quantity іn the Endo medium.
What microorganism саn it bе?
Escherichia
Staphylococcus
Salmonella
Shigella
Streptococcus
Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum
in order to determine blood titer to the shigella. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
Reaction of passive hemagglutination (IHT)
Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation reaction
Hemolysis reaction
Bacteriolysis reaction
Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum
in order to determine blood titer to the shigella. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1101
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1102
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
1103
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1104
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1105
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1106
A. *
Reaction of passive hemagglutination (IHT)
Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation reaction
Hemolysis reaction
Bacteriolysis reaction
A child with asphyxia was admitted to the hospital. On examination of the child whitish and spots
difficult to separate were revealed in his larynx. What type of inflammation was in that case?
Serous inflammation
Croupous inflammaton
Purulent inflammation
Diphtheritic inflammation
Catarrhal inflammation
After consumption some tinned meat a patient had diplopia, acute headache, deglutition disorder,
hard breathing, muscle weakness. The diagnosis was botulism. What factor of pathogenicity are the
clinic presentations of this disease connected with?
Hemolysin
Endotoxin
Exotoxin
Fibrinolysin
Plasmocoagulase
Large gram-positive rods were isolated from patient’s cutaneous papules. The "string of pearl"
colonies on nutrient agar were demonstrated on penicillin-containing medium. Which one of the
following organisms caused the disease?
Bacillus anthracis
Staphylococcus aureus
Mycobacteria tuberculosis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Clostridia perfringens
There was a record of some anthrax cases among animals in a countryside. The spread of disease can
be prevented by means of immunization. What kind of vaccine should be used?
STI live vaccine
BCG vaccine
Salk vaccine
Sabin's vaccine
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses)
taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza". What quick test (rapid/ express-test) will
allow to reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
CFT
immunoassay
Hemagglutination inhibition assay
Radioimmunoassay
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis A
B.
C.
D.
E.
1107
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1108
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1109
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1110
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1111
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1112
A. *
B.
C.
Virus of hepatitis B
Virus of hepatitis E
Enterovirus
Adenovirus
The examination of blood serum of а patient with immunodeficiency signs revealed antibodies to
gp120 і gp 41 proteins. Mhe presence of what infection of this patient does it confirm?
HIV-infection
ECHO-infection
HLMV-l-infection
TORCH-infection
HBV-infection
HIV has gp41 and gp120 on its surface interacts with target cells of an organism. Which of the
following human lymphocyte antigens is gp120 complementary bound with?
CD 4
CD 3
CD 8
CD 19
CD 28
Blood serum of a newborn contains antibodies to measles virus. What kind of immunity is this
indicative of?
Natural active
Natural passive
Artificial passive
Artificial active
Heredoimmunity
During the breakout of acute respiratory infection іn order to diagnose influenza the expressdiagnosis, based оn revealing of specific viral antigen іn the examined material
(nasopharyngiallavage), is carried out. Which reaction is used for this?
IFT
CFT
ELISA
IHT
HIT
Which type of hypersensitivity reactions is responsible for hemolytic anemia of newborns caused by
Rh incompatibility in Rh- negative mother and Rh-positive fetus?
Anaphylactic type 1
Cytotoxic type 2
Immune complexes type 3
Atopic local reaction
Delayed hypersensitivity
Allergic diagnostic tests are used for the diagnosis of many infectious diseases (tuberculosis,
brucelosis, tularemia etc). Papula and redness in the place of the allergen injection appear, if diagnose
was confirmed. Antigens interaction reaction is conditioned by:
T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
IgE and lymphokines
IgM and macrophages
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1114
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1115
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
IgM and tissue basophiles
IgA
The number of CD4 T cells is important to determine in HIV-infected individual because it
correlates with the disease progression. Which laboratory test will be the best to count CD4 cells?
Flow cytometry
Latex agglutination
ELISA
Gel precipitation (Ouchterlony) test
Immunoelectrophoresis
How is the transplantation of an organ from one person to another called?
Allotransplantation
Autotransplantation
Explantation
Xenotransplantation
Heteromorphosis
What is unique about the Mycoplasma bacterial group?
they lack cell walls
they lack a cell membrane
they have organelles
they are prokaryotes
they have ribosome
1116
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1117
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1118
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1119
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which of the following microorganisms do produce the tetanospasmin?
M. tuberculosis
C. tetani
C. diphtheriae
S. aureus
E. coli
Ascoli thermoprecipitin test helps in confirming the laboratory diagnosis of:
anthrax.
typhoid.
cholera.
Pertussis
tetanus
Which genus of bacteria has pathogens that can cause blindness in newborn?
Neisseria
Branhamella
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Shigella
After formation of IgE-allergen complex on the surface of the mast cells occur:
degranulation
precipitation
complement fixation
agglutination
toxin production.
D.
E.
1113
1120
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1121
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1122
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1123
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1124
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1125
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
What characteristic is shared by the Salk and the Sabin vaccines?
Both are composed of virus serotypes 1, 2, and 3.
.. Both are attenuated, active vaccine
Both are capable of reversion to virulence
Both are shed in the feces of vaccinees
Both are killed vaccines
What diseases can be transferred through water more often?
Typhoid fever, dysentery, hepatites A
Tuberculosis, tetanus
Anthrax, plagues, tularemia
Flu, measles, diphtherias
Botulism, gas gangren infections, tetanus
?Quite often the cause of secondary immunodeficiency is an infection involvement, when the
causative agents propagate directly in the cells of immune system and destroy it. The following
diseases are characterized by:
Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS
Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis
Poliomyelitis, type A hepatitis
Dysentery, cholera
Q-febris, epidemic typhus
While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by
Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14
regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent
of the following disease:
Syphilis
Trypanosomiasis
Leptospirosis
Relapsing fever
Leishmaniasis
Sanitary bacteriological research on water by the membrane filter method revealed 4 red colonies on
a membrane filter (Endo agar) through which 1000 ml of analyzed water were passed. Calculate the
coli index and coli titer of the analyzed water:
4 and 250
2 and 500
250 and 4
500 and 2
250 and 2
While examining a patient an otolaryngologist noticed hyperaemia and significantly edematous
tonsils with a grayish film upon them. Microscopical examination of this film revealed some grampositive bacilli placed at an angle with each other. What disease might be suspected?
Diphtheria
Angina
Scarlet fever
Meningococcal nasopharyngitis
Epidemic parotitis
1126
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1127
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1128
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1129
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1130
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1131
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were
localised on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Prescribe combine antibiotic therapy
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctor's supervision
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
A patient with complaints of 3-day-long fever, general weakness, loss of appetite came to visit the
infectionist. The doctor suspected enteric fever. Which method of laboratory diagnosis is the best to
confirm the diagnosis?
Detachment of blood culture
Detachment of myeloculture
Detachment of feces culture
Detachment of urine culture
Detachment of pure culture
A consumptive patient has an open pulmonary form of disease. Choose what sputum staining should
be selected for finding out the tubercle (Koch's) bacillus?
Method of Ziel-Neelsen
Method of Romanowsky-Giemsa
Method of Gram
Method of Neisser
Method of Burry-Gins
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis B
Virus of hepatitis A
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Virus of hepatitis E
While registering the child to the school Mantu's test was made to define whether revaccination was
needed test result is negative. What does this result of the test mean?
Absence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Presence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Absence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
Absence of antitoxic immunity to the tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
The donor who for a long time didn't donate the blood was investigated with IFA method. Anti-HBs
antibodies were revealed. What does positive result of IFA in this case mean?
Previous hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis В
Chronic hepatitis С
1132
Study of bacteriological sputum specimens stained by the Ziel-Neelsen method revealed some brightred acid-resistant bacilli that were found in groups or singularly. When inoculated onto the nutrient
media, the signs of their growth show up on the 10-15 day. These bacteria relate to the following :
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1133
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Histoplasma dubrosii
Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
Coxiella burnettii
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed gram-negative bacteria
looking like coffee beans. They were localized in the leukocytes and could decompose glucose and
maltose to acid. These are the causative agents of the following disease:
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
Veneral lymphogranulomatosis
Soft chancre
Melioidosis
In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a
thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother's milk as well as in a new-laid hen's egg. It is
known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
Lysozyme
Complement
Interferon
Interleukin
Imanine
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1134
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1135
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
1136
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Gramnegative bean-shaped diplococcus inside and outside of leucocytes were detected on
bacteriological examination of the purulent exudates from the cervix of the uterus. Name the
causative agent of purulent inflammation of the cervix of the uterus.
Neisseria gonorroeae
Chlamidia trachomatis
Haemophilus vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Patient with diarrhoea was admitted to the infection unit. Gramnegative curved rod-like bacteria were
founded on bacterioscopic examination of faecal masses. What is the most likely disease in this
patient?
Cholera
Typhoid fever
Salmonellosis gastroenteritis
Diphtheria
Intestinal form of plague
Назва наукового напрямку (модуля):
Семестр: 5
Задачі MEDICINE
Опис:
Факультет іноземних студентів (Medicine)
1.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
2.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
4.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
5.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
6.
A.
Перелік питань:
A strain of bacteria produced colorless colonies when cultured on standard MacConkey agar. It was
then used to inoculate a Sugar-Iron Agar slant. After overnight incubation, the tube was entirely
yellow and there were numerous bubbles inside the agar. There is no black precipitate. Which of the
following descriptions most accurately describes the metabolic reasons for these observations?
Produces H2S and gas
Ferments lactose and produces gas
Ferments sucrose and produces gas.
Ferments neither lactose nor sucrose
Ferments glucose only
Epidemiologists (using the Kauffman-White classification) report that an outbreak has been caused
by Salmonella enterica, serotype Newport. Structure of which pair of antigens determined the
serotype as Newport?
Heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins.
Flagella and O-antigen.
Pili and capsular polysaccharide.
Peptidoglycan and teichoic acid.
Hemolysin and cell-wall-associated carbohydrate.
Bacteriologists (using the Kauffman-White classification) made conclusion that outbreak has been
caused by Salmonella enterica, serotype Anatum. Structure of which pair of antigens determined the
serotype as Anatum?
Heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins.
Peptidoglycan and teichoic acid.
Pili and capsular polysaccharide.
Flagella and O-antigen.
Hemolysin and cell-wall-associated carbohydrate.
A five-day-old child develops high fever and stiff neck. A spinal tap is performed. A Gram-stained
smear of cerebrospinal fluid reveals many neutrophils and short, thick, Gram-negative rods of
uniform length. This microbes can ferment lactose.Which organism below is most likely to have
caused this infection?
Escherichia coli
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus agalactiae
A febrile patient with E. coli sepsis develops ‘septic shock’.
A humoral immune response to bacterial surface antigens.
A cell-mediated immune response to bacteria.
Secretion of cytokines by monocytes in response to stimulation by LPS [endotoxin].
Release of granule contents by mast cells and basophils.
Secretion of a bacterial superantigen toxin that activates TH cells.
E. coli and Neisseria meningitidis isolated from blood cultures often have transport systems (for
acquiring metal ions from the environment) lacking in their less-virulent relatives. Which metal is
acquired by the majority of these systems?
Copper
B.
C.
D.
E. *
7.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
8.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
9.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
10.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
11.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
12.
A. *
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
Iron
A young woman has a urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. By what route are such infections
most commonly acquired?
Respiratory route, followed by spread from the anterior nares.
Respiratory route, followed by spread from the oro-pharyngeal region.
Fecal-oral route, followed by colonization of the intestine and then the perineum.
Intestinal infection, followed by spread of bacteria to the urethra via the bloodstream.
Direct contact route
23-year-old woman comes to your office because, for 3 days, she has experienced burning with
urination, increased frequency of urination, and a continual feeling that she needs to urinate. She does
not have vaginal discharge, fever, or flank pain. Rapid 'dipstick' urine tests are consistent with
uncomplicated cystitis. Culture of urine on standard media produces a lactose-fermenting Gramnegative rod. In situations such as this, what is the most likely pathogen?
Enterobacter faecium
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus vulgaris
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A common serotype of enterohemorrhagic E. coli is O157:H7. To which bacterial structure does the
"H7" correspond?
Flagella.
Pili.
Capsule.
LPS core polysaccharide.
Porins.
A vacationing couple both develop severe watery diarrhea which lasts three days. Which organism is
the most common etiologic agent of such infections?
Shigella sonnei.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Salmonella typhi.
Campylobacter jejuni.
Escherichia coli.
Several medical students go to Cancun over spring break. One evening, at a local bar, they drink
several pitchers of Margaritas made with crushed ice. They spend the next two days in their hotel
room with severe watery diarrhea, but no chills or fever. By the third day they recover completely.
Which organism is most likely to have been the cause of their illness?
Non-typhoidal Salmonella
Helicobacter pylori.
Campylobacter jejuni.
Enterotoxigenic E. coli.
Non-cholera Vibrio.
The fimbriae of enterotoxigenic E. coli are essential to the bacterium when it causes disease because
they are needed for initial attachment of the bacteria to the gastrointestinal epithelium
B.
C.
they activate host adenylate cyclase enzymes leading to disruption of cellular permeability
they make the bacteria resistant to phagocytic killing and digestion by white blood cells
D.
E.
they convert GI tract components (bile) to substances which provoke
they allow the bacteria to swim "upstream" against the peristaltic action of the GI tract thereby
remaining established in the GI tract
The main effect of E. coli and Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin on host cells of the gastrointestinal tract
that leads to the pathology of the diseases, is to
inhibit protein synthesis
cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance
cleave host cell membranes
act as superantigens to trigger an overwhelming immunological reaction
initiate a localized inflammatory response in the intestine
A reason not to administer beta lactam antibiotics for a Gram-negative septicemia (blood-borne
infection), unless there is no other alternative, is
the antibiotic eliminates the normal flora
beta lactam antibiotics are ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria
the lysis of bacterial cells increases the activity of bacterial LPS
Complement activation cannot occur in the presence of the antibiotic
the antibiotic suppresses the immune response necessary to eliminate the pathogen
Water to be used for parenteral injection must sterilized to kill living microbes and then further
purified to remove non-living bacterial components. Of those listed below, which is the most toxic?
Lipopolysaccharide.
Polysaccharides of capsules.
Plasma-membrane lipids.
Proteins of the outer membrane.
Nucleic acids
A stool sample is plated on standard Endo-agar plates. After overnight incubation some of the
colonies are dark pink in color, others are pale, nearly colorless. What can you conclude about the
bacteria that produced dark-pink colonies?
Gram-positive.
Ferment lactose.
Not likely to be ‘normal flora’.
Non-motile.
Produce capsules
A patient with septicemia goes into septic shock. Blood cultures later showed the pathogen to be
Escherichia coli. Which component of the bacteria was most likely to have produced shock?
Capsular polysaccharide.
Teichoic acid.
A superantigen toxin.
Lipopolysaccharide [LPS].
Plasma membrane lipids.
A sexually-active woman develops a urinary tract infection which ascends to the kidneys. Blood
culture yields a Gram-negative rod. In this situation, which pathogen is most common?
Escherichia coli.
Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
13.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
14.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
15.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
16.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
17.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
18.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Salmonella enteritidis.
Serratia marcescens
19.
Infections with Salmonella enterica, serotype typhi, spread throughout the body. A key to the ability
of serotype typhi to spread systemically is its ability to multiply intracellularly. Multiplication in
which cell type(s) is principally responsible for systemic spread?
Monocytes/macrophages.
Basophils.
Enterocytes.
Erythrocytes.
Neutrophils
A vacationer has “Traveler’s diarrhea” produced by enterotoxigenic E. coli. His profuse watery
diarrhea is produced by a protein exotoxin secreted by this bacterium. Which statement below best
describes the effect of this exotoxin?
Kills enterocytes and produces ulceration and inflammation.
Paralyzes phagocytosis by neutrophils.
Stimulates ion transport by enterocytes into the intestinal lumen.
Blocks adsorption of nutrients by enterocytes.
Causes rearrangement of the enterocyte cytoskeleton and disappearance of the brush border.
A patient becomes infected with Salmonella enterica serotype typhi. Which condition would most
strongly favor development of a “chronic carrier state” with this organism?
Age over 70 years.
Infection via the respiratory route.
Gallstones.
Kidney stones.
Chronic pulmonary disease.
Your patient is a 70-year-old man who under went bowel surgery for colon cancer 3 days ago. He
now has a fever and abdominal pain. You are concerned that he may have peritonitis. Which one of
the following pairs of organisms is MOST likely to be the cause?
Bacteroides fragilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Bordetella pertussis and Salmonella enteritidis
Actinomyces israelii and Campylobacter jejuni
Clostridium botulinum and Shigella dysente-riae
All of the above
Which one of the following organisms causing gastrointestinal tract infections is the MOST frequent
agent of bacteremia ?
Shigella flexneri
Campylobacter jejuni
Vibrio cholerae
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella enteritica
A young woman develops urgency, frequency, and dysuria. Two days later she develops fever, chills,
and costovertebral angle tenderness. Tests of urine for leukocyte esterase and nitrate reductase are
positive. Urine culture yields a beta-hemolytic Gram-negative rod which forms dark-pink colonies on
MacConkey agar. Which of the following organisms is most likely?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiellla pneumoniae
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
20.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
21.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
22.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
23.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
24.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
25.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
26.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
27.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
28.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
29.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
30.
A.
B.
C. *
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Enterobacter, sp
A lactose-fermenting Gram-negative rod is isolated from the bloody stool of a young child. Which
pathogen is most likely?
Salmonella enterica.
Escherichia coli.
Vibrio cholerae.
Shigella dysenteriae.
Clostridium difficile.
A vacationer develops watery diarrhea but not chills or fever. In this setting which of the following
pathogens is the most common?
Salmonella enterica
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Campylobacter jejuni
Helicobacter pylori
Which of the following is most associated with Traveler diarrhea; infant diarrhea in developing
countries; watery diarrhea, vomiting, cramps, nausea, and low-grade fever?
Enteropathogenic E. Coli (EPEC)
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC)
Enteroinvasive E. Coli (EIEC)
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)
Epidemiologists (using the Kauffman-White classification) report that an outbreak has been caused
by Salmonella enterica, serotype Newport. Structure of which pair of antigens determined the
serotype as Newport?
Heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins.
Flagella and O-antigen.
Pili and capsular polysaccharide.
Peptidoglycan and teichoic acid.
Hemolysin and cell-wall-associated carbohydrate
A five-day-old child develops high fever and stiff neck. A spinal tap is performed. A Gram-stained
smear of cerebrospinal fluid reveals many neutrophils and short, thick, Gram-negative rods of
uniform length. This microbes can ferment lactose.Which organism below is most likely to have
caused this infection?
Escherichia coli
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus agalactiae
A young woman has a urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. By what route are such infections
most commonly acquired?
Respiratory route, followed by spread from the anterior nares.
Respiratory route, followed by spread from the oro-pharyngeal region.
Fecal-oral route, followed by colonization of the intestine and then the perineum.
D.
E.
31.
Intestinal infection, followed by spread of bacteria to the urethra via the bloodstream.
Direct contact route
A 23-year-old woman has a history of recurrent urinary tract infections, including at least one
episode of pyelonephritis. Blood typing shows the P blood group antigen. Which of the following is
likely to be the primary cause of her infections7
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
32.
Escherichia coli that produce heat-stable toxin
Escherichia coli with K1 (capsular type 1) antigen
Escherichia coli O139 (lipopolysaccharide O antigen 139)
Escherichia coli with P-pili (fimbriae)
Escherichia coli O157 H7 (lipopolysaccharide O antigen 157, flagellar antigen
An uncommon serotype of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica was found by laboratories in the
health departments of adjacent states. The isolates were all from a small geographic area on either
side of the border between the states, suggesting a common source for the isolates (All the isolates
were from otherwise healthy young adults who smoked marijuana the same salmo nella was isolated
from a specimen of the marijuana). By what method did the laboratories determine that these isolates
were the same?
Capsular (K antigen) typing
O antigen and H antigen typing
DNA sequencing
Sugar fermentation pattern determination
Decarboxylase reaction pattern determination
A 60-year old man was admitted to the hospital 2 weeks previously because of head trauma and other
injuries that resulted from an automobile accident. A urinary tract catheter was inserted at admission
and remains in place. The man develops a urinary tract infection with a gram negative bacillus. The
probable cause of this patients infection is
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Providenaa rettgeri
Escherichia coli
Morganella morgana
Indeterminable without culture and identification testing
A 20-year-old college student goes to the student health center because of dysuna, frequency, and
urgency on urination for 24 hours. She has recently become sexually active. On urmalysis, many
polymorphonuclear cells are seen. The most likely organism responsible for these symptoms and
signs is
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Gardnerella vaginalis
Lactobacillus species
Escherichia coli
A 27 year-old woman is admitted to the hospital because of fever, with increasing anorexia,
headache, weakness, and altered mental status of 2 days'duration. She works for an airline as a cabin
attendant, flying between the Indian subconti nent and other places in Southeast Asia and the West
Coast of the USA. Ten days prior to admission she had a diarrheal illness that lasted for about 36
hours. She has been constipated forthe last 3 days. Her temperature is 39 °C, heart rate 68/min, blood
pressure 120/80 mm Hg, and respirations 18/mm. She knows who she is and where she is but does
not know the date. She is picking at the bed clothes. Rose spots are seen on the trunk. The remainder
of the physical examination is normal. Blood cultures are done and an intravenous line is placed. The
most likely cause of her illness is
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
33.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
34.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
35.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)
Shigella sonnei
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhimunum (Salmonella Typhimurium)
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotypeTyphi (SalmonellfaTyphi)
Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)
36.
?A patient has a positive Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test for ‘non-treponemal antibodies’. A test for
specific anti-treponemal antibodies is positive but the patient has no rash, genital lesions,
inflammation, or discharge. Which conclusion best follows from these findings?
The patient does not require antibiotic treatment; absence of symptoms indicates that the positive
RPR is a ‘biological false positive”.
The patient has Syphilis, but does not require antibiotic treatment, because infections with
Treponema pallidum normally resolve spontaneously.
The patient has Syphilis, but the diagnosis should be confirmed by culture before antibiotictreatment
is started.
The patient has Syphilis, and should be treated with Penicillin G
No correct answer
A 16-year-old, sexually active patient comes to your office because of a circular, 1-cm lesion in the
groin area which is ulcerated but not painful. A Rapid Plasma Reagin test is performed and is
reactive with a titer of 1:16. Culture and Gram stain results from an exudate of the lesion are
negative. The most likely cause of this lesion is:
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Staphylococcus aureus
Treponema pallidum
Haemophilus ducreyi
Children born with congenital syphilis often exhibit Hutchinson Triad, which includes deafness,
blindness, and centrally notched teeth. If the mother has been exposed to Chlamydia, syphilis, or
gonorrhea, the newborn may receive a prophylactic antibiotic for their:
Ears
Eyes
Nose
Mouth
Systemic antibiotic (via IV)
A mother is worried that the child may have contracted Lyme disease. Which finding would most
strongly suggest that she is correct?
A disseminated rash, with small papular erythematous lesions.
An ulcer and edema at the site of the tick bite.
A lesion at the site of the tick bite that develops a thick, black, crusted, scab.
A “bull’s-eye” lesion with erythematous periphery and central clearing.
A sparse red macular rash, on the palms and soles only.
A patient in a rural area of New York had a 5 cm red rash with an expanding margin, on his back,
that lasted for about a month and then went away. Later, the patient had episodes of partial facial
paralysis and painful joints. Which of the following is the most likely infectious agent in this case?
Borrelia hermsii
Borrelia burgdorferi
Leptospira interrogans
Treponema pallidum subsp. Pallidum
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
37.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
38.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
39.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
40.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
41.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
42.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
43.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
44.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
45.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
46.
Spirillum minor
A mother brings her 12-year-old son to your office because he has a skin lesion on his back. It is 20
cm in diameter, with a red inflamed border and a red center, with a paler ring between the red areas.
The mother says it has expanded rapidly over the last few days. Which of the following would be
most likely to cause such a lesion?
Rickettsia rickettsii
Treponema pallidum
Borrelia burgdorferi
Chlamydia psittaci
Streptococcus pyogenes
A 16-year-old boy has a skin lesion on his back. It is 20 cm in diameter, with a red inflamed border
and a red center, with a paler ring between the red areas. He says it has expanded rapidly over the last
few days after tick bite. Which of the following would be most likely to cause such a lesion?
Rickettsia rickettsii
Borrelia burgdorferi
Treponema pallidum
Chlamydia psittaci
Streptococcus pyogenes
A farmer comes to the ER with a 1-week history of flu-like symptoms with photophobia. His severe
headache, cough, and myalgias suggest to the physician some kind of respiratory infection. However,
more careful physical exam reveals conjunctival suffusion and macular rash. Lab findings include
elevated serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferase, and creatine phosphokinase. With
this clinical picture and lab results, the physician prescribes penicillin G immediately. His suspicions
are confirmed later when a spirochete is isolated from the patient’s blood. Which of the following is
the most likely cause?
Treponema pallidum
Leptospira interrogans
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia recurrentis
Treponema vincentii
The etiologic agent of Cat Scratch disease is thought to be:
Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae
Rickettsia akari
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
A child comes to your office with a headache, malaise, mild fever, and a rash developing on the trunk
of the body. The mother tells you that the family recently returned from South America, where each
member had picked up a body louse infestation. A possible cause of this disease is:
Rickettsia akari
Coxiella burnetti
Rickettsia typhi
Rickettsia rickettsii
Rickettsia prowazekii
In August, a young man presents with a history of fever for 1 week and a red rash which extends to
the palms and soles. IgM titer to Rickettsia rickettsii is 1:640. From which vector was this infection
most likely to have been acquired?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
47.
Dog tick.
Mosquito of the genus Anopheles.
Blood-sucking sandfly.
Flea.
Human body louse.
?A bacterium was isolated from the urine of a 58-year-old male who also was suspected of having
endocarditis. Because of technical problems' the Gram stain was inconclusive. However, the
organism produced beta hemolysis on blood agar, grew well on mannitol salt agar and was coagulase
positive. The most probable identification is
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
48.
Cnlamydia . trachomatis
Eschericbia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
A group of six children under 8 years of age live in a semitropical country. Each of the children has
several crusted weeping skin lesions of impetigo (pyoderma). The lesions are predominantly on the
arms and faces Which of the following microorganisms is a likely cause of the lesions?
Escherichia coli
Chlamydia trachomatis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Bacillus anthracis
An 11 year-old boy develops a mild fever and pain in his upper arm. An x ray film of his arm shows
a lytic lesion (dissolution) in the upper part of the humerus with penosteal elevation over the lesion.
The patient is taken to surgery, where the lesion is debrided (dead bone and pus removed). Culture
from the lesion yields gram-positive cocci. A test shows that the organism is a staphylococcus and
not a streptococcus. Based on this information, you know the organism is
Susceptible to nafcillin
Beta lactamase-positive
Catalase positive
A producer of protein A
Encapsulated
A 36-year old male patient has an abscess with a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is betalactamase positive. This indicates that the organism is resistant to which of the following antibiotics?
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
Erythromycm, clarithromycm, and azithromycin
Penicillin G, ampicillin,and piperacillin
Vancomycin
Cefazolmand ceftnaxone
A 40-year old man presents to the emergency room with a 3 day history of cough productive of
blood-tinged sputum and a fever. The Gram stain of the sputum has many white blood cells and
Gram-positive cocci. The most likely causative organism is
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
49.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
50.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
51.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
52.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
53.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
54.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
55.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
A 54-year-old woman develops a right shoulder abscess with a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is
resistant to nafcillin. She was treated with a 2-week course of intravenous vancomycin and improved.
Three weeks later (week 5), the infection recurred and she was given 2 more weeks of intravenous
vancomycin and again improved four weeks later (week 11), the infection recurred and the patient
was again started on intravenous vancomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for
vancomycin for the S aureus isolates were as follows initial isolate (day 1), 1 mg/mL, week 5,2
mg/mL, and week 11,8 mg/mL. The patient failed to improve with the third course of vancomycin,
and alternative therapy was used. The mechanism that best explains the relative resistance of the
patient's strain of S. aureus to vancomycin is
Acquisition of the vanA gene from another microorganism
Active transport of vancomycin out of the S. aureus cell
Action of beta-lactamase
Increased cell wall synthesis and alterations in the cell wall structure
Phosphorylation and resultant inactivation of the vancomycin
A patient presents to the emergency room after several days of 'flu-like' symptoms. You collect a
sputum sample on which the laboratory reports Gram positive lancet shaped diplococci. What is your
diagnosis?
S. pneumoniae
E. coli
Clostridium difficile
Staphylococcus sp. not S. aureus
Viridans streptococci
Over a period of 3 weeks.a total of five newborns in the hospital nursery developed Staphylococcus
aureus infections with S aureus bacteremia. The isolates all had the same colony morphology and
hemolytic properties and identical antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, suggesting that they were the
same (Later molecular methods showed the isolates were identical). Which of the following should
be done now?
Prophylactic treatment of all newborns with intravenous vancomycin
Protective isolation of all newborns
Culture using mannitol salt agar of the anterior nares of the physicians, nurses,and others who cared
for the infected babies
Closing the nursery and referring pregnant women to another hospital
Hiring all new staff for the hospital nursery
Seven days ago, a 27 year old medical student returned from Central America, where she had spent
the summer working in a clinic for indigenous people. Four days ago, she developed an erythematous
sunburn like rash. She also has had headache, muscle aches, and abdominal cramps with diarrhea.
Her blood pressure is 70/40 mm Hg. Pelvic examination shows she is having her menstrual period
with a tampon in place, otherwise, the pelvic examination is normal. Her kidney function tests (serum
urea nitro gen and creatmme) are abnormal, indicating mild renal failure. A blood smear for malaria
is negative. Her illness is likely to be caused by which of the following?
A toxin that results in greatly increased levels of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate
(cAMP)
A toxin that degrades sphingomyelin
A toxin that binds to the class II major histo compatibility complex (MHC) of an antigen-presenting
cell and the V? region of a T cell
A two component toxin that forms pores in white blood cells and increases cation permeability
A toxin that blocks elongation factor 2 (EF2)
56.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
57.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
58.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
59.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
60.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
61.
A.
B.
C.
The laboratory calls to alert you that a patient, who has been in the intensive care unit of the hospital
for a long period of time, has several blood cultures with Gram positive cocci in clusters. You suspect
the diagnosis to be line related sepsis due to which organism? ('Line related sepsis' is sepsis related to
the presence of, for example, an IV tube or line.)
Group A streptococcus
Clostridium difficile
Staphylococcus S. aureus
Viridans streptococci
E. coli
After initial infecting in the childhood which it was finished by a petrification of the locus, at patient
E., immunodefence to a tuberculosis is observed. What does nonsterility immunity cause at a
tuberculosis?
Production of antibodies
Activation of system of a complement.
An activation of an englobement
An activation of T lymphocytes
activation of nonspecific immunity
Patient I. is preliminary diagnosised the Tuberculosis of lungs. What of the following media is used
to get pure culture of mycobacteria:
A casein-coal agar
Levenstaine-Jensen medium
A yolk-saline agar
A blood agar
Endo agar
A 26 year old woman visits her physician because of an unusual vaginal discharge. On examination
the physician observes a thin, homogeneous, white-gray discharge that adheres to the vaginal wall.
The pH of the discharge is 5 5 (normal < 4,3). On Gram stain, many epithelial cells covered with
gram-variable rods are seen. Bacterial vaginosis is diagnosed. Which one of the following normal
genital flora microorganisms is present in greatly decreased numbers in bacterial vaginosis?
Corynebactenum species
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Prevotella species
Candida albicans
Lactobacillus species
Certain microorganisms are never considered to be members of the normal flora. They are always
considered to be pathogens. Which one of the following organisms fits into that category?
Streptococcus pneumomae
Escherichia coli
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseria meningitidis
A 9-year-old girl develops fever and severe pain on the right side of her throat. On examination,
redness and swelling in the right peritonsillar area are seen A peritonsillar abscess is diagnosed. The
most likely organisms to be cultured from this abscess are
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumomae
Corynebactenum species and Prevotella melanmogenica
D. *
E.
62.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
63.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
64.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
65.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
66.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
Normal oral nasal flora
Vindans streptococci and Candida albicans
A 70-year-old man with a history of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon experiences a sudden onset
of severe left lower quadrant abdominal pain. Fever develops. The severe pain gradually subsides and
is replaced by a constant aching pain and marked abdominal tenderness. A diagnosis of probable
ruptured diverticulum is made and the patient is taken to the operating room. The diagnosis of
ruptured diverticulum is confirmed and an abscess next to the sigmoid colon is found The most likely
bacteria to be found in the abscess are
Mixed normal gastrointestinal flora
Bacteroides fragilis alone
Escherichia coli alone
Clostndium perfrmgens alone
Enterococcus species alone
After initial infecting in the childhood which it was finished by a petrification of the locus, at patient
E., immunodefence to a tuberculosis is observed. What does nonsterility immunity cause at a
tuberculosis?
Production of antibodies
Activization of system of a complement.
An activation of an englobement
An activation of T lymphocytes
reduction of IgM
Patient I. is preliminary diagnosised the Tuberculosis of lungs. What of the following media is used
to get pure culture of mycobacteria:
A casein-coal agar
Levenstaine-Jensen medium
A yolk-saline agar
A blood agar
Endo agar
A 26 year old woman visits her physician because of an unusual vaginal discharge. On examination
the physician observes a thin, homogeneous, white-gray discharge that adheres to the vaginal wall.
The pH of the discharge is 5 5 (normal < 4,3). On Gram stain, many epithelial cells covered with
gram-variable rods are seen. Bacterial vaginosis is diagnosed. Which one of the following normal
genital flora microorganisms is present in greatly decreased numbers in bacterial vaginosis?
Corynebactenum species
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Prevotella species
Candida albicans
Lactobacillus species
Certain microorganisms are never considered to be members of the normal flora. They are always
considered to be pathogens. Which one of the following organisms fits into that category?
Streptococcus pneumomae
Escherichia coli
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseria meningitidis
67.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
68.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
69.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
70.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
71.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
A 9-year-old girl develops fever and severe pain on the right side of her throat. On examination,
redness and swelling in the right peritonsillar area are seen а peritonsillar abscess is diagnosed. The
most likely organisms to be cultured from this abscess are
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumomae
Corynebactenum species and Prevotella melanmogenica
Normal oral nasal flora
Vindans streptococci and Candida albicans
A 70-year-old man with a history of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon experiences a sudden onset
of severe left lower quadrant abdominal pain. Fever develops. The severe pain gradually subsides and
is replaced by a constant aching pain and marked abdominal tenderness. A diagnosis of probable
ruptured diverticulum is made and the patient is taken to the operating room. The diagnosis of
ruptured diverticulum is confirmed and an abscess next to the sigmoid colon is found The most likely
bacteria to be found in the abscess are
Mixed normal gastrointestinal flora
Bacteroides fragilis alone
Escherichia coli alone
Clostndium perfrmgens alone
Enterococcus species alone
It is planned to use the territory of an old cattle burial ground (which is not used for more than 50
years) for building houses. But ground analysis revealed presence of the pathogen of the very
dangerous illness. Which of the indicated microorgonisms is likely to remain in the ground for such
a long time?
Bacillus anthracis
Francisella tularensis
Brucella abortus
Yersinia pestis
Mycobacterium bovis
From the nasopharynx of a 5-year-old child it was excreted amicroorganism which is identical to
Corynebacterium diphtheriae dose according to morphological and biochemical signs.Microorganism
does not produce exotoxin. As a result of what process can this microorganism become toxigenic?
Phage conversion
Cultivation in the telluric environment
Passing through the organism of the sensative animals
Growing with antitoxic serum
Chromosome mutation
While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by
Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14
regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent
of the following disease:
Syphilis
Trypanosomiasis
Leptospirosis
Relapsing fever
Leishmaniasis
72.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
73.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
74.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
75.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
76.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
77.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Sanitary bacteriological research on water by the membrane filter method revealed two red colonies
on a membrane filter (Endo agar) through which 500 ml of analyzed water were passed. Calculate the
coli index and coli titer of the analyzed water:
4 and 250
2 and 500
250 and 4
500 and 2
250 and 2
While examining a patient an otolaryngologist noticed hyperaemia and significantly edematous
tonsils with a grayish film upon them. Microscopical examination of this film revealed some grampositive bacilli placed at an angle with each other. What disease might be suspected?
Diphtheria
Angina
Scarlet fever
Meningococcal nasopharyngitis
Epidemic parotitis
Patient with vomiting, dizziness, sensation of dubble vision, difficult swallowing was admitted to the
hospital. Doctor suspects botulism. What diagnostic methods should be used for diagnosis
approving?
Biological test, bacteriological
Allergic test, serological
Bacteriological, mycological
Protozoological, microscopical
Allergic test
A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were
localised on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Prescribe combine antibiotic therapy
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctor's supervision
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
A patient with complaints of 3-day-long fever, general weakness, loss of appetite came to visit the
infectionist. The doctor suspected enteric fever. Which method of laboratory diagnosis is the best to
confirm the diagnosis?
Detachment of blood culture
Detachment of myeloculture
Detachment of feces culture
Detachment of urine culture
Detachment of pure culture
A consumptive patient has an open pulmonary form of disease. Choose what sputum staining should
be selected for finding out the tubercle (Koch's) bacillus?
Method of Ziel-Neelsen
Method of Romanowsky-Giemsa
Method of Gram
Method of Neisser
Method of Burry-Gins
78.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
79.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
80.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
81.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
82.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
83.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis B
Virus of hepatitis A
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Virus of hepatitis E
A 42-year-old man who has been injured in a car accident is brought into the emergency room. His
blood alcohol level on admission is 250 mg/dL. Hospital records show a prior hospitalization for
alcohol related seizures. His wife confirms that he has been drinking heavily for 3 weeks. What
treatment should be provided to the patient if he goes into withdrawal?
Diazepam
Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenytoin
None
A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for
toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal
(R)CFT- Reiter's complement fixation test
IFA - Immunofluorescence assay
Immunoblot analysis
RDHA - Reverse direct hemagglutination assay
RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay
On bacteriological study of rinsing water of the patient with food poisoning, the pure bacterial
culture was inoculated with the following properties: gram-negative motile bacillus in the Endo
environment grows like achromic colony. Representative of what genus has caused the illness?
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Escherichia
Citrobacter
The person was selling homemade pork sausages on the market. State sanitary inspector suspected
falcification of the sausages.With help of what serological immune reaction can food substance be
identified?
Precipitation test
Indirect hemagglutination test
Agglutination test
Immunofluorescence test
Complement- fixation test
While registering the child to the school Mantu's test was made to define whether revaccination was
needed test result is negative. What does this result of the test mean?
Absence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Presence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Absence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
Absence of antitoxic immunity to the tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
84.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
85.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
86.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
87.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
88.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
89.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
The donor who for a long time didn't donate the blood was investigated with ELISA method. AntiHBs antibodies were revealed. What does positive result of IFA in this case mean?
Previous hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis B
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed gram-negative bacteria
looking like coffee beans. They were localized in the leukocytes and could decompose glucose to
acid. These are the causative agents of the following disease:
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
Veneral lymphogranulomatosis
Soft chancre
Melioidosis
Scraps of the mycelium of a fungus, spores, air bubbles and fat drops were discovered on
microscopy of the patient's hair excluded from the infected areas. For what fungus disease is this
microscopic picture characteristic?
Favus
Microspory
Trichophytosis
Epidermophytosis
Sporotrichosis
In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a
thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother's milk as well as in a new-laid hen's egg. It is
known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
Lysozyme
Complement
Interferon
Interleukin
Imanine
Study of bacteriological sputum specimens stained by the Ziel-Neelsen method revealed some brightred acid-resistant bacilli that were found in groups or singularly. When inoculated onto the nutrient
media, the signs of their growth show up on the 10-15 day. These bacteria relate to the following
family:
Micobacterium tuberculosis
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Histoplasma dubrosii
Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
Coxiella burnettii
A man was admitted to the hospital on the 5th day of disease that manifested itself by jaundice,
muscle aching, chill, nose bleedings. In course of laboratory diagnostics a bacteriologist performed
dark-field microscopy of the patient's blood drop. Name a causative agent of this disease:
Leptospira interrogans
Borrelia dutlonii
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Bartonella bacilloformis
E.
90.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
91.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
92.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
93.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
94.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
95.
A. *
B.
Rickettsia mooseri
Gramnegative bin-shaped diplococcus inside and outside of leucocytes were detected on
bacteriological examination of the purulent exudates from the cervix of the uterus. Name the
causative agent of purulent inflammation of the cervix of the uterus.
Neisseria gonorroeae
Chlamidia trachomatis
Haemophilus vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Patient with diarrhoea was admitted to the infection unit. Gramnegative curved rod-like bacteria were
founded on bacterioscopic examination of faecal masses. What is the most likely disease in this
patient?
Cholera
Typhoid fever
Salmonellosis gastroenteritis
Diphtheria
Intestinal form of plague
In a 2-year-old child with catarrhal presentations and skin rash a pediatrician suspected scarlet fever.
The child was given intracutaneously a small dose of serum antibody to the streptococcal
erythrogenic toxin+ADs- on the site of injection the rash disappeared. What do the reaction results
mean?
The clinical diagnosis was confirmed
The child has hypersensitivity to the erythrogenic toxin
The disease wasn't caused by haemolytic streptococcus
The whole serum dose may be injected intravenously
The child has very weak immune system
From the defecation of a 6-year-old ill child, who has artificial feeding, the intestinal bacillus with
antigen structure 0-111 is excreted. What is the diagnosis?
Coli-enteritis
Gastroenteritis
Cholera-like diseasis
Food poisoning
Dysentery-like diseasis
For serological diagnostics of the whooping cough it was made large-scale reaction with
parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of
Bordetella parapertussis grain-like sediment formed. What antibodies have this reaction revealed?
Agglutinins
Precipitins
Opsonins
Bacteriolysins
Antitoxins
A man died from an acute infectious disease accompanied by fever, jaundice haemorrhagic rash on
the skin and mucous membranes as well as by acute renal insufficiency. Histological examination of
renal tissue (stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method revealed some convoluted bacteria looking like
C und S letters. What bacteria were revealed?
Leptospira
Treponema
C.
D.
E.
96.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
97.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
98.
Spirilla
Borrelia
Campilobacteria
A 16 y.o. boy from a countryside entered an educational establishment. Scheduled Mantoux test
revealed that the boy had negative reaction. What are the most reasonable actions in this case?
To perform BCG vaccination
To repeat the reaction in a month
To perform serodiagnostics of tuberculosis
To isolate the boy temporarily from his mates
To perform rapid Price diagnostics
Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in
the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from
the colonies contain irregular-shaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and
catalase-positive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was
isolated?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient's tongue revealed oval, round,
elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?
A. *
B.
C.
Candidosis
Actinomycosis
Streptococcic infection
D.
E.
99.
Staphylococcic infection
Diphtheria
From pharynx of a child with suspected diphtheria a pure culture of microorganisms was isolated.
Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be typical for
diphtheria causative agents. What study should be conducted in order to drow a conclusion that this is
a pathogenic diphtheria bacillus?
Estimation of toxigenic properties
Estimation of proteolytic properties
Estimation of urease activity
Estimation of cystinous activity
Estimation of ability to decompose starch
Examination of a child revealed some whitish spots looking like coagulated milk on the mucous
membrane of his cheeks and tongue. Analysis of smears revealed gram-positive oval yeast-like cells.
What causative agents are they?
Candida
Staphylococci
Diphtheria bacillus
Actinomycetes
Fusobacteria
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
100.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
101.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
102.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
103.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
104.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
105.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
106.
A. *
B.
C.
A duodenal content smear of a patient with indigestion contains protosoa 10-18 mcm large. They
have piriform bodies, 4 pairs of filaments, two symmetrically located nuclei in the broadened part of
body. What kind of the lowest organisms is it?
Lamblia
Dysentery ameba
Trichomonas
Intestinal ameba
Balantidium
Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom
sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies
surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive
cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient?
Streptococci
Micrococci
Staphylococci
Tetracocci
Sarcina
On bacteriological examination of the defecation of a 4-months-old baby with the symptoms of acute
bowel infection there were revealed red colonies spread in the large quantity in the Endo medium.
What microorganism can it be?
Escherichia
Salmonella
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Shigella
Bacteriological examination of a patient with food poisoning required inoculation of a pure culture
of bacteria with the following properties: gram-negative movable bacillus that grows n the Endo
medium in form of colourless colonies. A representative of which species caused this disease?
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Esherichia
Citrobacter
Examination of a young man in the AIDS centre produced a positive result of immune-enzyme assay
with HIV antigens. Patient's complaints about state of his health were absent. What can the positive
result of immune-enzyme assay be evidence of?
HIV infection
Being ill with AIDS
Being infected with HBV
Having had AIDS recently
HBV persistence
Microscopy of stained (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) smears taken from the sputum of a patient with
chronic pulmonary disease revealed red bacilli. What property of tuberculous bacillus was shown up?
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
Alcohol resistance
D.
E.
107.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
108.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
109.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
110.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
111.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
112.
Capsule formation
Sporification
Reaction of passive hemagglutination conducted with erythrocytic typhoid Vi-diagnosticum helped
to reveal some antibodies in the dilution of the patient's serum at a ratio of 1:80 that exceeds the
diagnostic titer. Such result witnesses of:
Being a potential carrier of typhoid bacilli
Being ill with acute typhoid fever
Typhoid fever recurrence
Incubation period of typhoid fever
Reconvalescence of a patient ill with typhoid fever
In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with
antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medium. There were also inoculated a
microbal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture
under examination produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of:
Precipitin lines
Haemolysis zones
Zones of diffuse opacification
Zones of lecithovitellinous activity
Precipitin ring
A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated with Levomycetin, the next day his condition
became worse, temperature rised to 39,60C. What caused worthening?
The effect of endotoxin agent
Allergic reaction
Irresponsiveness of an agent to the levomycetin
Secondary infection addition
Reinfection
In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were
inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into the
center and moistened with antidiphtheric antitoxic serum. After incubation of inoculations in agar the
strip-like areas of medium turbidity were found between separate cultures and the strip of filter paper.
What immunological reaction was conducted?
Precipitation gel reaction
Coomb's test
Agglutination reaction
Rings precipitation reaction
Opsonization reaction
A patient with clinical signs of encephalitis was delivered to the infectious diseases hospital.
Anamnesis registers a tick bite. Hemagglutination-inhibition reaction helped to reveal antibodies to
the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis in the dilution 1:20 which is not diagnostic. What
actions should the doctor take after he had got such result?
To repeat the examination with serum taken 10 days later
To examine the same serum
To apply more sensitive reaction
To repeat examination with another diagnosticum
To deny diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis
The first grade pupils were examined in order to sort out children for tuberculosis revaccination.
What test was applied for this purpose?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
113.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
114.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
115.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
116.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
117.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Mantoux test
Schick test
Supracutaneous tularin test
Burnet test
Anthraxine test
Clinical diagnosis of a female patient was gonorrhoea. What examination method can be applied for
confirmation of this diagnosis?
Microscopy of pathological material
Infection of laboratory animals
Test with bacteriophage
Hemagglutination reaction
Immobilization reaction
A patient suffering from periodical attacks caused by inhalation of different flavoring substances was
diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma. IgE level was increased. This is typical for the following
type of reactions:
Anaphylactic reactions
Cytotoxic reactions
Immunocomplex reactions
delayed-type hypersensitivity
Autoimmune reactions
Bacteriological laboratory examines canned meat whether it contains botulinum toxin. For this
purpose an extract of test specimen and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types were
introducted to a group of mice under examination+ADs- a control group of mice got the extract
without antibotulinic serum. What serological reaction was applied?
Neutralization
Precipitation
Complement binding
Opsono-phagocytic
Double immune diffusion
For the purpose of retrtospective diagnostics of recent bacterial dysentery it was decided to perform
serological examination of blood serum in order to determine antibody titer towards Shiga bacilli.
What of the following reactions should be applied?
Passive hemagglutination
Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation
Hemolysis
Bacteriolysis
During the repeated Widal agglutination test it was noticed that the ratio of antibody titers and Oantigens S. typhi in the patient's serum had increased from 1:100 to 1:400. How would you interpret
these results?
The patient has typhoid fever
The patient is an acute carrier of typhoid microbes
The patient is a chronic carrier of typhoid microbs
The patient previously had typhoid fever
The patient was previously vaccinated against typhoid fever
118.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
119.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
120.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
121.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
122.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
123.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative
agent. What is such infection form called?
Reinfection
Recidivation
Superinfection
Persisting infection
Chronic infection
A 10-year-old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm
in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed
after the tuberculin injection?
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
Arthus phenomenon
Seroreaction
Atopic reaction
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
A patient with clinical presentations of immunodeficiency went through immunological
examinations. They revealed significant loss of cells that form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. What
conclusion can be made according to the analysis data?
Decrease of T-lymphocytes rate
Decrease of B-lymphocytes rate
Decrease of natural killer cell rate
Decrease of complement system rate
Insufficiency of effector cells of humoral immunity
As a result of durative antibiotic therapy a 37-year old patient developed intestinal dysbacteriosis.
What type of drugs should be used in order to normalize intestinal microflora?
Eubiotics
Sulfanilamides
Bacteriophages
Autovaccines
Vitamins
Among junior children of an orphanage an outbreak of intestinal infection with signs of colienteritis
was registered. In order to identify isolated causative agent it is necessary to:
Study antigenic properties of the causative agent
To determine sensitivity to antibiotics
To study sensitivity to bacteriophages
To study biochemical properties of the causative agent
To study virulence of the causative agent
Urine examination of a patient with acute cystitis revealed leukocytes and a lot of gram-negative
bacilli. Inoculation resulted in growth of colonies of mucous nature that formed green soluble
pigment. What microorganism is the most probable cause of the disease?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherihia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella enteritidis
124.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
125.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
126.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
127.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
128.
A laboratory received a material from a patient's wound. Preliminary diagnosis is gaseous gangrene.
What microbiological method should be applied to determine species of causative agent?
Bacteriological
Allergic
Bacterioscopic
Serological
RIA
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses)
taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis +ACI-influenza+ACI-. What quick test will allow to
reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
Direct and indirect fluorescence immunoassay
Hemagglutination inhibition assay
Radioimmunoassay
ELISA
In the surgical department of a hospital there was an outbreak of hospital infection that showed itself
in often postoperative wound abscesses. Bacteriological examination of pus revealed Staphylococcus.
What examination shall be conducted to find out the source of this causative agent among the
department personnel?
Phagotyping
Microscopical examination
Serological identification
Estimation of antibiotic susceptibility
Biochemical identification
A 7 year old child often suffers from streprococcal angina. Doctor suspected development of
rheumatism and administered serological examination. The provisional diagnosis will be most
probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcal antigen:
O-streptolysin
C-carbohydrate
M-protein
Erythrogenic toxin
Capsular polysaccharide
A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of sucking mouse were infected with an inoculum
taken from a child with provisional diagnosis enterovirus infection. There was no cytopathic effect on
the cell culture but mouse sucking died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this child?
A. *
B.
C.
Coxsackie A
Coxsackie B
ECHO virus
D.
E.
129.
Polioviruses
Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71
A patient has been suffering from elevated temperature and attacks of typical cough for 10 days.
Doctor administered inoculation of mucus from the patient's nasopharynx on the agar. What
microorganism is presumed?
Pertussis bacillus
Pfeiffer's bacillus
Listeria
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
130.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
131.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
132.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
133.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
134.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
135.
A. *
B.
Klebsiella
Staphylococcus
A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 month after it her condition became worse
because of reaction of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading part in
this reaction?
T-killers
Interleukin-1
Natural killers
B-lymphocytes
T-helpers
Microscopical examination of a microbal culture revealed fusiform spore-forming microorganisms
that get violet-blue Gram stain. What microorganisms were revealed?
Clostridia
Streptococci
Spirochaete
Actinomycete
Diplococci
A specimen stained by Ozheshko method contains rod-like microorganisms stained blue with round
terminal components stained red. What are these components called?
Spores
Cilia
Flagella
Capsules
Mesosomas
During the regular sanitary-epidemiological inspection of a pharmacy, the bacteriological analysis of
air was performed. The air was found to have bacilli, yeast fungi, hemolytic streptococci, micrococci.
Which of the detected microorganisms indicate the direct epidemic danger?
Haemolytic streptococci
Micrococci
Bacilli
Yeast fungi
Sarcina
A bacteriological laboratory received sputum sample of a patient suffering from tuberculosis.
Bacterioscopic examination of smears and detection of tuberculosis bacillus can be realized by one of
enrichment methods that involves processing of sputum only with solution of caustic soda. What is
this method called?
Homogenization
Inactivation
Flotation
Filtration
Neutralization
A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a
number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative
of?
Of primary infection
Of a chronic process
C.
D.
E.
136.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
137.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
138.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
139.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
140.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
141.
A. *
B.
The woman is healthy
Of exacerbation of a chronic disease
Of recurring infection with rubella virus
A 65-year-old man has purulent abscess on his neck. Analyses revealed a culture of gram-positive
cocci with plasmocoagulase activity. This culture relates most likely to:
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Material taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis +ACI-influenza+ACI- was referred to a
laboratory. For virological examination the hemadsorption reaction was applied. This reaction can be
applied for detection of the following viruses:
Viruses containing hemagglutinins
All the simple viruses
All the complex viruses
DNA-genomic viruses
Any viruses
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are
visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Botulism clostridia
Diphtheroids
Streptococci
Streptobacilli
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of white spots+ - zones of enamel
demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus salivarius
Streptococcus pyogenes
Veilonella parvula
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberculosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
TABTe
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological
laboratory. The material was used for preparing a +ACI-hanging drop+ACI- specimen. What type of
microscopy will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility?
Phase-contrast microscopy
Electron microscopy
C.
D.
E.
142.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
143.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
144.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
145.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
146.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
147.
A. *
B.
C.
Immune and electron microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Immersion microscopy
In the surgical ward, the dressing material was undergoing sterilization in an autoclave. Through an
oversight of a nurse the mode of sterilization was changed and the temperature in the autoclave
reached only 100+ALo-C instead of the due 120+ALo-C. What microorganisms can stay viable
under these conditions?
Bacilli and clostridia
Staphylococci and streptococci
Mold and yeast fungi
Salmonella and klebsiella
Corynebacteria and mycobacteria
In course of long-term treatment of an infectious patient with penicillin, the pathogen transformed
into the L-form. What changes occur in the pathogen cell in case of L-transformation?
Absence of a cell wall
Absence of flagella
Absence of a capsule
Absence of a spore
Absence of inclusions
There are areas where humans or animals are exposed to the constant risk of contracting certain types
of bacteria. What feature of these bacteria is responsible for their long viability in the soil?
Spore formation
Capsule formation
Ability to multiply in the plant remains
Thick cell wall
Plasmids
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
The causative agent of botulism causes severe food poisoning. Specify the most characteristic
morphological feature of botulism causative agent:
Gram-positive bacillus with subterminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-spore-forming bacillus
Gram-positive bacillus with terminal spore
Thin mobile bacillus with central spore
Thick gram-positive bacillus without spores and flagella
Microbiological analysis of medicinal raw materials revealed capsular bacteria. What stain method
was used to detect the capsules?
Burry-Gins
Ziehl-Neelsen
Neisser
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Gram
Ozheshko
Bacterioscopic examination of chancre material revealed some mobile, long, convoluted
microorganisms with 8-12 regular coils. These features are typical for:
Treponema
Borrellia
Leptospira
Vibrios
Campylobacter
Infectious agents of various ultrastructures can be etiological agents of infectious diseases. Which of
the groups named below HAS NO cellular structure, protein synthesizing, enzyme and energy
systems?
Viruses
Fungi
Bacteria
Protozoa
Rickettsia
What method of sterilization should be used during the liquid media containing proteins?
Filtering
Boiling
Gas sterilization
Autoclaving
Pasteurization
Meat peptone broth is prepared for sterilization in bateriological laboratory. What sterilization
method is advisable?
Autoclaving
Ignition
Boiling
Filtering
Dry heat
A patient has a necrotizing phlegmon of his lower extremity. A doctor suspects a gas gangrene.
Microscopy reveals Gram-positive bacilli. In order to confirm the diagnosis further bacteriological
tests should include inoculation of the material into the following nutrient medium:
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Endo agar
Levine agar
Meat-peptone agar
Milk-salt agar
Bacteria eventually become resistant to antibacterial agents. Resistance of gram-positive bacteria to
penicillin antibiotics is caused by:
Beta-lactamase production
Permeability of the cell wall
Active synthesis of peptidoglycan
Active transport of antibiotic
E.
154.
Protein synthesis
Which one of the listed substances causes formation of acquired artificial passive immunity?
D.
E.
148.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
149.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
150.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
151.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
152.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
153.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
155.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
156.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
157.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
158.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
159.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
160.
A. *
B.
Tetanus antitoxin
BCG
MMR
DPT
TABTe
It is necessary to carry out preventive vaccination of a student group because of an occurrence of
diphtheria. Which preparation should be used for the creation of the artificial active immunity?
Diphtheria toxoid
Specific immunoglobulin
DTP vaccine
Inactivated bacteria vaccine
Anti-diphtheria serum
For the specific prevention of influenza, the employees of an enterprise were vaccinated with
Influvac. What type of immunity will develop in the body of the vaccinated?
Artificial active
Innate congenital
Artificial passive
Natural active
Natural passive
Dysbiosis can be treated with drugs that contain living representatives of normal microflora as well
as their metabolic products. Select the microorganisms that are used for the production of such drugs:
Bifidum bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
Proteus
Providencia
Yersinia
A 26-year-old female patient with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a
causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
Doxycycline
Interferon
BCG vaccine
Ambroxol
Dexamethasone
What condition may develop 15-30 minutes after re-administration of the antigen as a result of the
increased level of antibodies, mainly IgE, that are adsorbed on the surface of target cells, namely
tissue basophils (mast cells) and blood basophils?
Anaphylaxis
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immune complex hyperresponsiveness
Serum sickness
10 days after having quinsy caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus a 6-year-old child exhibited
symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What mechanism of glomerular lesion is most likely in this case?
Immunocomplex
Cellular cytotoxicity
C.
D.
E.
161.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
162.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
163.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
164.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
165.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
166.
A. *
B.
C.
Anaphylaxis
Atopy
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
6 hours after the initial inoculation of water sample into 1+ACU- peptone water, the growth of a
culture in form of a thin pellicle on the medium surface was registered. Such cultural properties are
typical for the causative agent of the following disease:
Cholera
Plague
Tuberculosis
Dysentery
Pseudotuberculosis
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
Microbiological purity of tabulated drugs had been tested at factory. Samples cultivation in mannitol
salt agar resulted in growth of golden-yellow colonies, microscopic examination of colonies detected
Gram-positive globular bacteria positioned in clusters microorganisms had plasma coagulation
properties. What pure bacterial culture was obtained?
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Microbiological studies of air in the pharmacy room revealed the presence of pathogenic
staphylococci. Select the medium in which you can detect the lecithinase activity of the isolated
microorganism:
Yolk-salt agar
Blood agar
Bismuth sulfite agar
Sugar agar
Meat-extract agar
There is a suspicion of active tuberculosis development in patient. The doctor has appointed Mantoux
test to make a diagnosis. What immunobiological agent has to be administered?
Tuberculin
BCG vaccine
DPT vaccine
Tularin
DT vaccine
A smear from the tonsillar coating of a patient with suspected diphtheria was found to contain blue
bacilli with a thickening at the poles. What method of smear staining was used?
Leffler
Burri
Hins
D.
E.
167.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
168.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
169.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
170.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
171.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
172.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Gram
Neisser
A young woman suddenly developed fever up to 39oC accompanied by a strong headache.
Examination revealed marked nuchal rigidity. Spinal puncture was performed. Gram-stained smear
of cerebrospinal fluid contained many neutrophils and Gram-negative diplococci. What bacteria
could be the cause of this disease?
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Botulism agent causes severe food toxicoinfection. Point out the most characteristic morphologic
feature of botulism agent.
Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli with subterminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-sporeforming bacilli
Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli with terminal spore
Thin mobile spore-forming bacilli with central spore
Thick gram-negative non-sporeforming bacilli
The causative agent of tetanus causes severe disease. Specify the most characteristic morphological
feature of tetanus causative agent:
Gram-positive bacillus with terminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-spore-forming bacillus
Gram-positive bacillus with subterminal spore
Thin mobile bacillus with central spore
Thick gram-positive bacillus without spores and flagella
A bacteriological laboratory studied the home-made dried fish which had caused a severe food
poisoning. Microscopy of the culture grown on the Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms
resembling a tennis racket. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Botulism
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Dysentery
Typhoid fever
Quite often, the soil may contain a number of pathogenic microorganisms. The causative agents of
the following disease may stay viable in the soil for a long time:
Anthrax
Diphtheria
Viral hepatitis
Pertussis
Dysentery
A patient presents with fever, chill and cough. From his sputum the ovoid Gram-negative bipolarstained bacilli with a delicate capsule were isolated. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Plague
Tuberculosis
Leptospirosis
Brucellosis
E.
Toxoplasmosis
173.
For cultivation of Brucella pure cultures should be incubated in CO2 enriched atmosphere. What type
of breathing is typical for Brucella?
Capnophilic
Facultative anaerobic
Obligate anaerobic
Obligate aerobic
Any
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of botulism. What serological reaction
should be used to reveal botulinum toxin?
Neutralization reaction
Agglutination reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation reaction
Immunofluorescence test
In a village, a case of anthrax had been registered. Medical services began epidemiologically
indicated specific prophylaxis of population against anthrax. What preparation was used for this
purpose?
Live vaccine
Inactivated vaccine
Chemical vaccine
Genetically engineered vaccine
Anatoxin
A 55-year-old patient with a characteristic rash, fever, dizziness has been admitted to a hospital. He
has been provisionally diagnosed with typhus. No similar cases have been reported. In his youth (15
years old) the patient suffered typhus in a boarding school. What disease is it?
Brill disease
Typhoid fever
Measles
Rubella
Cholera
A patient has severe catarrhal symptoms. Material growth on Bordet-Gengou agar showed mercurydrop like colonies. Examination of the blood smears revealed some small ovoid gram positive bacilli
sized 1-3 microns. What microorganisms were isolated?
Bordetella
Corynebacteria
Mycobacteria
Meningococcus
Brucella
The laboratory for especially dangerous infections conducts microscopic examination of pathological
material from a patient with suspected plague. The sample was stained by Burri-Gins technique.
What property of the causative agent can be identified by this technique?
Capsule formation
Spore formation
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
174.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
175.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
176.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
177.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
178.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Presence of volutin granules
179.
A child cut his leg with a piece of glass while playing and was brought to the clinic for the injection
of tetanus toxoid. In order to prevent the development of anaphylactic shock the serum was
administered by Bezredka method. What mechanism underlies this method of desensitization of the
body?
Binding of IgE fixed to the mast cells
Blocking the mediator synthesis in the mast cells
Stimulation of immune tolerance to the antigen
Stimulation of the synthesis of antigenspecific IgG
Binding of IgE receptors to the mast cells
A 32-year-old patient undergoing dental examination was found to have some rash-like lesions
resembling secondary syphilis in the oral cavity. The patient was referred for the serological study
with the purpose of diagnosis confirmation. In order to detect antibodies in the serum, living
Treponema were used as diagnosticum. What serological test was performed?
Immobilization
Neutralization
Complement binding
Precipitation
Passive hemagglutination
Examination of a 27-year-old donor who had not donated blood for a long time revealed HBs
antibodies detected by ELISA method. In this case, the positive ELISA results indicate that the
donor:
Had hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis C
Has chronic hepatitis B
Has chronic hepatitis C
In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man
presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of antirabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:
Attenuated
Inactivated
Molecular
Toxoids
Synthetic
RNA-containing viruses that cause tumors in animals, genetic information can be transmitted in the
opposite direction from the RNA to the DNA via a specific enzyme. The enzyme of reverse
transcription is called:
Reverse transcriptase
DNA polymerase
Ligase
Primase
Topoisomerase
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction
based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidise or alkaline
phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological
reaction?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
180.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
181.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
182.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
183.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
184.
A. *
B.
C.
Immune-enzyme analysis
Radioimmunoassay technique
Immunofluorescence test
D.
E.
185.
Bordet-Gengou test
Antigen-binding assay
A 3-year-old child has continuous fever, lymph nodes are enlarged, the amount of lymphocytes in
blood is significantly increased. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed antigen of
Epstein-Barr virus. What diagnosis can be made based on the information given above?
Infectious mononucleosis
Burkitt+IBk-s lymphoma
Herpetic lymphadenopathy
Generalized infection caused by
Cytomegalovirus infection
Hepatitis B is diagnosed through laboratory tests that determine the presence of HBV-DNA in blood
serum of the patient. What reference method is applied for this purpose?
Polymerase chain reaction
Hybridization method
Hybridization signal amplification method
Ligase chain reaction method
ELISA diagnostic method
An outbreak of an intestinal infection occurred in a kindergarten on the eve of New Year holidays.
Bacteriological examination of patients+IBk- faeces didn+IBk-t reveal any pathogenic bacteria.
Electronmicroscopy revealed roundish structures with clear outer edges and a thick core resembling a
wheel. Specify the most likely causative agent of this infection:
Rotavirus
Adenovirus
Coxsacki-virus
E. coli
P. vulgaris
A hospitalized patient bitten by a rabid animal has an avulsive wound of shin. What kind of vaccine
must be given to prevent rabies?
Anti-rabies vaccine
DTaP
Td
BCG
TABte
A patient has been admitted to the infectious diseases department for malaise, fever up to 38oC,
jaundice. A few months ago, the patient underwent blood transfusion. The doctor suspected viral
hepatitis B. What are the principal methods of laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B?
Serological and gene diagnostics
Virus isolation in cell culture and its identification by the cytopathic effects
Detection of virions in blood by electron microscopy
Isolation of the virus in laboratory animals (neutralization reaction)
Isolation of the virus in chicken embryos
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
186.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
187.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
188.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
189.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
190.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
191.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
192.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
193.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
194.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
195.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
In our country, routine preventive vaccinations against poliomyelitis ivolve using live vaccine that is
administered orally. What immunoglobulins are responsible for the development of local postvaccination immunity in this case?
Secretory IgA
IgM
IgG
Serum IgA
IgE
A laboratory received a sample of water used in drug production for sanitary and virological analysis.
What group of viruses will indicate faecal contamination of water and thus the need for its additional
purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
Flaviviridae
A sample of water used in drug production has been sent to a laboratory for sanitary and virological
analysis. Presence of what virus group will be indicative of faecal contamination of water and thus
the need for its additional purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
Flaviviridae
Virological laboratory has received patient+IBk-s nasopharyngeal lavage. What can be used to single
out influenza virus from the patient+IBk-s lavage?
Chick embryo
Meat infusion agar
Meat infusion broth
Endo+IBk-s medium
Lowenstein+IBM-Jensen medium
A person has been in contact with influenza patient. What drug should be administered for specific
passive influenza prophylaxis?
Amizon
Vaccine influenza virus inactivated
Leukocytic interferon
Immunoglobulin
Anaferon
A child entering the school for the first time was given Mantoux test in order to determine if there
was a need for revaccination. The reaction was negative. What is the meaning of this test result?
No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
Availability of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
No antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
No anti-toxic immunity to tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
196.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
197.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
198.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
199.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
200.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
201.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed some gram-negative
bean-shaped bacteria located in the leukocytes. They can be identified as the causative agent of the
following disease:
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Chancroid
Trichomoniasis
A patient with suspected dysentery has been admitted to the infectious diseases hospital. Which basic
method of laboratory diagnosis must be applied in the first place?
Bacteriological
Serological
Allergic
Biological
Microscopic
A 12-year-old boy has been hospitalized for suspected food poisoning. The fecal samples were
inoculated on the Endo agar, which resulted in growth of a large number of colorless colonies. What
microorganism is most likely to be EXCLUDED from the list of possible causative agents of the
disease?
Escherichia coli
Salmonella enteritidis
Proteus vulgaris
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Yersinia enterocolitica
A child with suspected tuberculosis was given Mantoux test. After 24 hours the site of the allergen
injection got swollen, hyperemic and painful. What are the main components that determine such
response of the body?
Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG
Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
B-lymphocytes, IgM
Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo's agar
Ploskyrev's agar
Sabouraud's agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
E.
202.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
203.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
204.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
205.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
206.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
207.
A. *
B.
Tuberculin
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are
visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Botulism clostridia
Diphtheroids
Streptococci
Streptobacilli
After the sanitary and bacteriological study of tap water the following results were obtained: the total
number of bacteria in 1,0 ml was 80, coli index was 3. How would you interpret the study results?
Water is safe to be consumed
Water is of doubtful quality
Water is of highly doubtful quality
Water is contaminated
Water is highly contaminated
During examination of a 3-monthold infant a pediatrician revealed that the baby's oral mucosa and
tongue were covered with a thick white deposit. In the material taken from the affected site a
bacteriologist revealed the presence of yeast fungi giving the reasons for suspecting a fungal
infection which occurs most often in children of this age, namely:
Candidiasis
Favus
Epidermophytosis
Actinomycosis
Trichophytia
It is known that infectious type B hepatitis is a systemic disease caused by the type B hepatitis virus
and characterized by a predominant liver affection. Choose from the below given list the drugs for
the etiotropic therapy of this infection:
Acyclovir
Penicillin
Tetracycline
Sulfanilamides
Fluoroquinolones
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pyogene
Examination of air state in hospital was done by method of sedimentation. It revealed 5 small
roundish colonies with zone of hemolysis around them. Inoculations were made on the following
cultural medium:
Blood agar
Endo agar
C.
D.
E.
208.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
209.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
210.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
211.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
212.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
213.
A. *
Meat infusion agar
Egg yolk and salt agar
Levin agar
A female patient has been treated with antibiotics for a long time. Thereafter examination of smears
form vaginal secretion revealed oval cells with well-defined nucleus, some cells gemmate. What
preparations can help to confirm the diagnosis +ACI-candidosis+ACI-?
Antifungal
Antibacterial
Antichlamydial
Antiviral
Antiprotozoal
A patient is suspected to have the typhoid fever. What method of laboratory diagnostics would be the
most appropriate for confirmation of this diagnosis in the first week of disease?
Hemoculture identification
Urine culture identification
Myeloculture identification
Biliculture identification
Coproculture identification
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
During bacteriological analysis of solutions prepared in a pharmacy some red colonies with metallic
glitter have grown on Endo agar. What microbes were revealed?
Escherichia
Shigella
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Salmonella
Medical examination of a dairymaid revealed affection of the locomotive system, vision impairment,
disorder of the nervous and other systems. To confirm the diagnosis the patient was referred for a
serological assay (Wright+IBk-s reaction) and Burnet's skin allergy test. What was the provisional
diagnosis?
Brucellosis
Tularemia
Anthrax
Rheumatism
Leptospirosis
A sick child with diphtheria 10 days after the injection of antitoxic diphtheria serum, there were skin
rash, accompanied by severe itching, increased body temperature to 38, there were pains in the joints.
What is the cause of these events you expect?
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
B.
C.
D.
E.
214.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
215.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
216.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
217.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
218.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Contact allergy
Anaphylactic reaction
Serum sickness
Atopy
Veterinarny assistant, working on cattle farm went to a doctor complaining of joint pain, fever,
malaise, night sweats. Ill for about a month. Given that the patient is working on a farm and livestock
related complaints, the doctor suspected he had brucellosis. What material is taken from this patient
to be investigated in the usual microbiological laboratory?
Sputum
Blood serum
Vomit fluid
Urine
Feces
A patient, sick 3 days ago, complaining of the increased temperature of 38 +ALA- C, abdominal
pain, loose stools, presence of blood in the stool, the doctor diagnosed clinically bacterial dysentery.
What method of microbiological diagnosis is advisable to apply in this case and what material should
be taken from the patient to confirm the diagnosis?
Bacteriologycal
Serological ,blood
Smear ,blood
Smear , feces
Bacteriology, urine
A patients with gastric ulcer with hyperacidity after endoscopy and bacteriological studies were
identified bacteria of the genus Helicobacter. Thanks to some property of these organisms are not
killed in the acidic environment of the stomach?
Urease activity
Ability to form a capsule
Oxidase activity
Catalase activity
Resistance to vancomycin
A patient with pustular skin lesions isolated pathogen, which is on blood agar forms a rounded,
medium sized, yellow colonies surrounded by a zone of hemolysis. In smears made from the colonies
Gr +- cocci appear in clusters were found. Pure culture is oxidase-and catalase-positive, ferments
mannitol, synthesizes plasma coagulase. Which of the following type matches the selected agent?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
A patient, 68 years old, was subjected to prolonged antibiotic therapy. After such treatment, the
patient appeared whitish coating on the oral mucosa. Microscopic examination of smear revealed
large, round, various sizes, gram positive microorganisms. What should be done to continue the
microbiological diagnosis?
Inoculate material on Sabouraud medium
Inoculate on Kitt - Tarrozi
Inoculate on yolk-salt agar
Inoculate on Endo medium
E.
219.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
220.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
221.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
222.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
223.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
224.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
Inoculate on Ploskirev medium
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a
month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of
allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
Cytotoxic
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic
Stimulating
Immunocomplex
Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th day the graft
became swollen and changed colour+ADs- on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take
part in this process?
B-lymphocytes
Erythrocytes
T-lymphocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
A patient with suspected diphtheria went through bacterioscopic examination. Examination of throat
swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic preparation should be
chosen in this case?
Interferon
Bacteriophage
Diphtheria toxoid
Antidiphtheric antitoxic serum
Eubiotic
?The most common cause of cystitis after Escherichia coli in young healthy sexually active women
is:
Proteus mirabilis.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
Neisseria gonorrheae
This bacterium, although usually not considered as normal flora, frequently colonizes the stomach
and is thought to be the cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
Vibrio cholerae
Helicobacter pylori
The most common cause of cystitis after Escherichia coli in young healthy sexually active women is:
Proteus mirabilis.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
Neisseria gonorrheae
225.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
226.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
227.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
228.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
229.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
230.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis B
Virus of hepatitis A
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Virus of hepatitis E
A 42-year-old man who has been injured in a car accident is brought into the emergency room. His
blood alcohol level on admission is 250 mg/dL. Hospital records show a prior hospitalization for
alcohol related seizures. His wife confirms that he has been drinking heavily for 3 weeks. What
treatment should be provided to the patient if he goes into withdrawal?
Diazepam
Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenytoin
None
A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for
toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal
(R)CFT- Reiter's complement fixation test
IFA - Immunofluorescence assay
Immunoblot analysis
RDHA - Reverse direct hemagglutination assay
RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay
The person was selling homemade pork sausages on the market. State sanitary inspector suspected
falcification of the sausages.With help of what serological immune reaction can food substance be
identified?
Precipitation test
Indirect hemagglutination test
Agglutination test
Immunofluorescence test
Complement- fixation test
The donor who for a long time didn't donate the blood was investigated with IFA method. Anti-HBs
antibodies were revealed. What does positive result of IFA in this case mean?
Previous hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis В
Chronic hepatitis С
A man was admitted to the hospital on the 5th day of disease that manifested itself by jaundice,
muscle aching, chill, nose bleedings. In course of laboratory diagnostics a bacteriologist performed
dark-field microscopy of the patient's blood drop. Name a causative agent of this disease:
Leptospira interrogans
Borrelia dutlonii
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Bartonella bacilloformis
Rickettsia mooseri
231.
Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient's tongue revealed oval, round,
elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
232.
Candidosis
Actinomycosis
Streptococcic infection
Staphylococcic infection
Diphtheria
The first grade pupils were examined in order to sort out children for tuberculosis revaccination.
What test was applied for this purpose?
Mantoux test
Schick test
Supracutaneous tularin test
Burnet test
Anthraxine test
This bacterium, although usually not considered as normal flora, frequently colonizes the stomach
and is thought to be the cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
233.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
234.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
235.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
236.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
237.
A. *
Vibrio cholerae
Helicobacter pylori
Clinical diagnosis of a female patient was gonorrhoea. What examination method can be applied for
confirmation of this diagnosis?
Microscopy of pathological material
Infection of laboratory animals
Test with bacteriophage
Hemagglutination reaction
Immobilization reaction
A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative
agent. What is such infection form called?
Reinfection
Recidivation
Superinfection
Persisting infection
Chronic infection
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of "white spots" - zones of enamel
demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus salivarius
Streptococcus pyogenes
Veilonella parvula
Staphylococcus epidermidis
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis B
B.
C.
D.
E.
238.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
239.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
240.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
241.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
242.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
243.
Virus of hepatitis A
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Virus of hepatitis E
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberculosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
TABTe
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo agar
Ploskyrev agar
Sabouraud agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological
laboratory. The material was used for preparing a "hanging drop" specimen. What type of
microscopy will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility?
Phase-contrast microscopy
Electron microscopy
Immune and electron microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Immersion microscopy
In the surgical ward, the dressing material was undergoing sterilization in an autoclave. Through an
oversight of a nurse the mode of sterilization was changed and the temperature in the autoclave
reached only 100?C instead of the due 120?C. What microorganisms can stay viable under these
conditions?
Bacilli and clostridia
Staphylococci and streptococci
Mold and yeast fungi
Salmonella and klebsiella
Corynebacteria and mycobacteria
In course of long-term treatment of an infectious patient with penicillin, the pathogen transformed
into the L-form. What changes occur in the pathogen cell in case of L-transformation?
Absence of a cell wall
Absence of flagella
Absence of a capsule
Absence of a spore
Absence of inclusions
There are areas where humans or animals are exposed to the constant risk of contracting certain types
of bacteria. What feature of these bacteria is responsible for their long viability in the soil?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
244.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
245.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
246.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
247.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
248.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Spore formation
Capsule formation
Ability to multiply in the plant remains
Thick cell wall
Plasmids
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
The causative agent of botulism causes severe food poisoning. Specify the most characteristic
morphological feature of botulism causative agent:
Gram-positive bacillus with subterminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-spore-forming bacillus
Gram-positive bacillus with terminal spore
Thin mobile bacillus with central spore
Thick gram-positive bacillus without spores and flagella
A patient has a necrotizing phlegmon of his lower extremity. A doctor suspects a gas gangrene.
Microscopy reveals Gram-positive bacilli. In order to confirm the diagnosis further bacteriological
tests should include inoculation of the material into the following nutrient medium:
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Endo agar
Levine agar
Meat-peptone agar
Milk-salt agar
A 42-year-old man who has been injured in a car accident is brought into the emergency room. His
blood alcohol level on admission is 250 mg/dL. Hospital records show a prior hospitalization for
alcohol related seizures. His wife confirms that he has been drinking heavily for 3 weeks. What
treatment should be provided to the patient if he goes into withdrawal?
Diazepam
Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenytoin
None
For the specific prevention of influenza, the employees of an enterprise were vaccinated with
"Influvac". What type of immunity will develop in the body of the vaccinated?
Artificial active
Innate congenital
Artificial passive
Natural active
Natural passive
249.
Dysbiosis can be treated with drugs that contain living representatives of normal microflora as well
as their metabolic products. Select the microorganisms that are used for the production of such drugs:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
250.
Bifidum bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
Proteus
Providencia
Yersinia
A 26-year-old female patient with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a
causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
Doxycycline
Interferon
BCG vaccine
Ambroxol
Dexamethasone
10 days after having quinsy caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus a 6-year-old child exhibited
symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What mechanism of glomerular lesion is most likely in this case?
Immunocomplex
Cellular cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxis
Atopy
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
251.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
252.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
253.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
254.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
6 hours after the initial inoculation of water sample into 1% peptone water, the growth of a culture in
form of a thin pellicle on the medium surface was registered. Such cultural properties are typical for
the causative agent of the following disease:
Cholera
Plague
Tuberculosis
Dysentery
Pseudotuberculosis
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
Microbiological purity of tabulated drugs had been tested at factory. Samples cultivation in mannitol
salt agar resulted in growth of golden-yellow colonies, microscopic examination of colonies detected
Gram-positive globular bacteria positioned in clusters; microorganisms had plasma coagulation
properties. What pure bacterial culture was obtained?
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
E.
255.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
256.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
257.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
258.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
259.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
260.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Microbiological studies of air in the pharmacy room revealed the presence of pathogenic
staphylococci. Select the medium in which you can detect the lecithinase activity of the isolated
microorganism:
Yolk-salt agar
Blood agar
Bismuth sulfite agar
Sugar agar
Meat-extract agar
There is a suspicion of active tuberculosis development in patient. The doctor has appointed Mantoux
test to make a diagnosis. What immunobiological agent has to be administered?
Tuberculin
BCG vaccine
DPT vaccine
Tularin
DT vaccine
A young woman suddenly developed fever up to 39oC accompanied by a strong headache.
Examination revealed marked nuchal rigidity. Spinal puncture was performed. Gram-stained smear
of cerebrospinal fluid contained many neutrophils and Gram-negative diplococci. What bacteria
could be the cause of this disease?
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for
toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal
(R)CFT- Reiter's complement fixation test
IFA - Immunofluorescence assay
Immunoblot analysis
RDHA - Reverse direct hemagglutination assay
RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay
A bacteriological laboratory studied the home-made dried fish which had caused a severe food
poisoning. Microscopy of the culture grown on the Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms
resembling a tennis racket. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Botulism
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Dysentery
Typhoid fever
A patient presents with fever, chill and cough. From his sputum the ovoid Gram-negative bipolarstained bacilli with a delicate capsule were isolated. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Plague
Tuberculosis
Leptospirosis
Brucellosis
E.
261.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
262.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
263.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
264.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
265.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
266.
A. *
B.
C.
Toxoplasmosis
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of botulism. What serological reaction
should be used to reveal botulinum toxin?
Neutralization reaction
Agglutination reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation reaction
Immunofluorescence test
On bacteriological study of rinsing water of the patient with food poisoning, the pure bacterial
culture was inoculated with the following properties: gram-negative motile bacillus in the Endo
environment grows like achromic colony. Representative of what genus has caused the illness?
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Escherichia
Citrobacter
In a village, a case of anthrax had been registered. Medical services began epidemiologically
indicated specific prophylaxis of population against anthrax. What preparation was used for this
purpose?
Live vaccine
Inactivated vaccine
Chemical vaccine
Genetically engineered vaccine
Anatoxin
A 55-year-old patient with a characteristic rash, fever, dizziness has been admitted to a hospital. He
has been provisionally diagnosed with typhus. No similar cases have been reported. In his youth (15
years old) the patient suffered typhus in a boarding school. What disease is it?
Brill disease
Typhoid fever
Measles
Rubella
Cholera
A patient has severe catarrhal symptoms. Material growth on Bordet-Gengou agar showed mercurydrop like colonies. Examination of the blood smears revealed some small ovoid gram positive bacilli
sized 1-3 microns. What microorganisms were isolated?
Bordetella
Corynebacteria
Mycobacteria
Meningococcus
Brucella
The laboratory for especially dangerous infections conducts microscopic examination of pathological
material from a patient with suspected plague. The sample was stained by Burri-Gins technique.
What property of the causative agent can be identified by this technique?
Capsule formation
Spore formation
Acid resistance
D.
E.
267.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
268.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
269.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
270.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
271.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
272.
Alkali resistance
Presence of volutin granules
A child cut his leg with a piece of glass while playing and was brought to the clinic for the injection
of tetanus toxoid. In order to prevent the development of anaphylactic shock the serum was
administered by Bezredka method. What mechanism underlies this method of desensitization of the
body?
Binding of IgE fixed to the mast cells
Blocking the mediator synthesis in the mast cells
Stimulation of immune tolerance to the antigen
Stimulation of the synthesis of antigenspecific IgG
Binding of IgE receptors to the mast cells
A 32-year-old patient undergoing dental examination was found to have some rash-like lesions
resembling secondary syphilis in the oral cavity. The patient was referred for the serological study
with the purpose of diagnosis confirmation. In order to detect antibodies in the serum, living
Treponema were used as diagnosticum. What serological test was performed?
Immobilization
Neutralization
Complement binding
Precipitation
Passive hemagglutination
The person was selling homemade pork sausages on the market. State sanitary inspector suspected
falcification of the sausages.With help of what serological immune reaction can food substance be
identified?
Precipitation test
Indirect hemagglutination test
Agglutination test
Immunofluorescence test
Complement- fixation test
Examination of a 27-year-old donor who had not donated blood for a long time revealed HBs
antibodies detected by ELISA method. In this case, the positive ELISA results indicate that the
donor:
Had hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis C
Has chronic hepatitis B
Has chronic hepatitis C
In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man
presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of antirabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:
Attenuated
Inactivated
Molecular
Toxoids
Synthetic
?A smear of sputum from the patient with suspected lobar pneumonia was stained with the use of the
following stains and reagents: solution of gentian violet (crystal violet), Lugol solution, 96o alcohol,
water zaphranin. What staining method was applied in this case?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
273.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
274.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
275.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
276.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
277.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Gram
Ziehl-Nielsen
Romanovsky
Neisser
Leffler
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction
based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidise or alkaline
phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological
reaction?
Immune-enzyme analysis
Radioimmunoassay technique
Immunofluorescence test
Bordet-Gengou test
Antigen-binding assay
The donor who for a long time didn't donate the blood was investigated with IFA method. Anti-HBs
antibodies were revealed. What does positive result of IFA in this case mean?
Previous hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis +BBIChronic hepatitis +BCEA 3-year-old child has continuous fever, lymph nodes are enlarged, the amount of lymphocytes in
blood is significantly increased. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed antigen of
Epstein-Barr virus. What diagnosis can be made based on the information given above?
Infectious mononucleosis
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Herpetic lymphadenopathy
Generalized infection caused by
Cytomegalovirus infection
Hepatitis B is diagnosed through laboratory tests that determine the presence of HBV-DNA in blood
serum of the patient. What reference method is applied for this purpose?
Polymerase chain reaction
Hybridization method
Hybridization signal amplification method
Ligase chain reaction method
ELISA diagnostic method
An outbreak of an intestinal infection occurred in a kindergarten on the eve of New Year holidays.
Bacteriological examination of patients’ faeces didn’t reveal any pathogenic bacteria.
Electronmicroscopy revealed roundish structures with clear outer edges and a thick core resembling a
wheel. Specify the most likely causative agent of this infection:
Rotavirus
Adenovirus
Coxsacki-virus
E. coli
P. vulgaris
278.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
279.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
280.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
281.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
282.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
283.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
A patient has been admitted to the infectious diseases department for malaise, fever up to 38oC,
jaundice. A few months ago, the patient underwent blood transfusion. The doctor suspected viral
hepatitis B. What are the principal methods of laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B?
Serological and gene diagnostics
Virus isolation in cell culture and its identification by the cytopathic effects
Detection of virions in blood by electron microscopy
Isolation of the virus in laboratory animals (neutralization reaction)
Isolation of the virus in chicken embryos
In our country, routine preventive vaccinations against poliomyelitis ivolve using live vaccine that is
administered orally. What immunoglobulins are responsible for the development of local postvaccination immunity in this case?
Secretory IgA
IgM
IgG
Serum IgA
IgE
A laboratory received a sample of water used in drug production for sanitary and virological analysis.
What group of viruses will indicate faecal contamination of water and thus the need for its additional
purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
Flaviviridae
A sample of water used in drug production has been sent to a laboratory for sanitary and virological
analysis. Presence of what virus group will be indicative of faecal contamination of water and thus
the need for its additional purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
Flaviviridae
Virological laboratory has received patient’s nasopharyngeal lavage. What can be used to single out
influenza virus from the patient’s lavage?
Chick embryo
Meat infusion agar
Meat infusion broth
Endo’s medium
Lowenstein–Jensen medium
A person has been in contact with influenza patient. What drug should be administered for specific
passive influenza prophylaxis?
Amizon
Vaccine influenza virus inactivated
Leukocytic interferon
Immunoglobulin
Anaferon
284.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
285.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
286.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
287.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
288.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
289.
A. *
B.
C.
A child entering the school for the first time was given Mantoux test in order to determine if there
was a need for revaccination. The reaction was negative. What is the meaning of this test result?
No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
Availability of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
No antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
No anti-toxic immunity to tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
A man was admitted to the hospital on the 5th day of disease that manifested itself by jaundice,
muscle aching, chill, nose bleedings. In course of laboratory diagnostics a bacteriologist performed
dark-field microscopy of the patient's blood drop. Name a causative agent of this disease:
Leptospira interrogans
Borrelia dutlonii
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Bartonella bacilloformis
Rickettsia mooseri
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed some gram-negative
bean-shaped bacteria located in the leukocytes. They can be identified as the causative agent of the
following disease:
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Chancroid
Trichomoniasis
A 12-year-old boy has been hospitalized for suspected food poisoning. The fecal samples were
inoculated on the Endo agar, which resulted in growth of a large number of colorless colonies. What
microorganism is most likely to be EXCLUDED from the list of possible causative agents of the
disease?
Escherichia coli
Salmonella enteritidis
Proteus vulgaris
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Yersinia enterocolitica
A child with suspected tuberculosis was given Mantoux test. After 24 hours the site of the allergen
injection got swollen, hyperemic and painful. What are the main components that determine such
response of the body?
Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG
Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
B-lymphocytes, IgM
Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo's agar
Ploskyrev's agar
D.
E.
290.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
291.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
292.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
293.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
294.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
295.
A. *
B.
Sabouraud's agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
Tuberculin
Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient's tongue revealed oval, round,
elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?
Candidosis
Actinomycosis
Streptococcic infection
Staphylococcic infection
Diphtheria
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are
visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Botulism clostridia
Diphtheroids
Streptococci
Streptobacilli
After the sanitary and bacteriological study of tap water the following results were obtained: the total
number of bacteria in 1,0 ml was 80, coli index was 3. How would you interpret the study results?
Water is safe to be consumed
Water is of doubtful quality
Water is of highly doubtful quality
Water is contaminated
Water is highly contaminated
During examination of a 3-monthold infant a pediatrician revealed that the baby’s oral mucosa and
tongue were covered with a thick white deposit. In the material taken from the affected site a
bacteriologist revealed the presence of yeast fungi giving the reasons for suspecting a fungal
infection which occurs most often in children of this age, namely:
Candidiasis
Favus
Epidermophytosis
Actinomycosis
Trichophytia
It is known that infectious type B hepatitis is a systemic disease caused by the type B hepatitis virus
and characterized by a predominant liver affection. Choose from the below given list the drugs for
the etiotropic therapy of this infection:
Acyclovir
Penicillin
C.
D.
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296.
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297.
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298.
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299.
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300.
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301.
A. *
B.
Tetracycline
Sulfanilamides
Fluoroquinolones
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogene
Neisseria meningitidis
The first grade pupils were examined in order to sort out children for tuberculosis revaccination.
What test was applied for this purpose?
Mantoux test
Schick test
Supracutaneous tularin test
Burnet test
Anthraxine test
Examination of air state in hospital was done by method of sedimentation. It revealed 5 small
roundish colonies with zone of hemolysis around them. Inoculations were made on the following
cultural medium:
Blood agar
Endo agar
Meat infusion agar
Egg yolk and salt agar
Levin agar
A female patient has been treated with antibiotics for a long time. Thereafter examination of smears
form vaginal secretion revealed oval cells with well-defined nucleus, some cells gemmate. What
preparations can help to confirm the diagnosis "candidosis"?
Antifungal
Antibacterial
Antichlamydial
Antiviral
Antiprotozoal
A patient is suspected to have the typhoid fever. What method of laboratory diagnostics would be the
most appropriate for confirmation of this diagnosis in the first week of disease?
Hemoculture identification
Urine culture identification
Myeloculture identification
Biliculture identification
Coproculture identification
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
C.
D.
E.
302.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
303.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
304.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
305.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
306.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
307.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
During bacteriological analysis of solutions prepared in a pharmacy some red colonies with metallic
glitter have grown on Endo agar. What microbes were revealed?
Escherichia
Shigella
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Salmonella
Medical examination of a dairymaid revealed affection of the locomotive system, vision impairment,
disorder of the nervous and other systems. To confirm the diagnosis the patient was referred for a
serological assay (Wright’s reaction) and Burnet skin allergy test. What was the provisional
diagnosis?
Brucellosis
Tularemia
Anthrax
Rheumatism
Leptospirosis
Clinical diagnosis of a female patient was gonorrhoea. What examination method can be applied for
confirmation of this diagnosis?
Microscopy of pathological material
Infection of laboratory animals
Test with bacteriophage
Hemagglutination reaction
Immobilization reaction
A sick child with diphtheria 10 days after the injection of antitoxic diphtheria serum, there were skin
rash, accompanied by severe itching, increased body temperature to 38, there were pains in the joints.
What is the cause of these events you expect?
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Contact allergy
Anaphylactic reaction
Serum sickness
Atopy
Veterinarny assistant, working on cattle farm went to a doctor complaining of joint pain, fever,
malaise, night sweats. Ill for about a month. Given that the patient is working on a farm and livestock
related complaints, the doctor suspected he had brucellosis. What material is taken from this patient
to be investigated in the usual microbiological laboratory?
Sputum
Blood serum
Vomit fluid
Urine
Feces
A patient, sick 3 days ago, complaining of the increased temperature of 38 ° C, abdominal pain, loose
stools, presence of blood in the stool, the doctor diagnosed clinically bacterial dysentery. What
method of microbiological diagnosis is advisable to apply in this case and what material should be
taken from the patient to confirm the diagnosis?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
308.
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C.
D.
E.
309.
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C.
D.
E.
310.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
311.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
312.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bacteriologycal
Serological ,blood
Smear ,blood
Smear , feces
Bacteriology, urine
A patients with gastric ulcer with hyperacidity after endoscopy and bacteriological studies were
identified bacteria of the genus Helicobacter. Thanks to some property of these organisms are not
killed in the acidic environment of the stomach?
Urease activity
Ability to form a capsule
Oxidase activity
Catalase activity
Resistance to vancomycin
A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative
agent. What is such infection form called?
Reinfection
Recidivation
Superinfection
Persisting infection
Chronic infection
A patient with pustular skin lesions isolated pathogen, which is on blood agar forms a rounded,
medium sized, yellow colonies surrounded by a zone of hemolysis. In smears made from the colonies
Gr + cocci appear in clusters were found. Pure culture is oxidase-and catalase-positive, ferments
mannitol, synthesizes plasma coagulase. Which of the following type matches the selected agent?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
A child entering the school for the first time was given Mantoux test in order to determine if there
was a need for revaccination. The reaction was negative. What is the meaning of this test result?
No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
Availability of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
No antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
No anti-toxic immunity to tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
A patient, 68 years old, was subjected to prolonged antibiotic therapy. After such treatment, the
patient appeared whitish coating on the oral mucosa. Microscopic examination of smear revealed
large, round, various sizes, gram positive microorganisms. What should be done to continue the
microbiological diagnosis?
Inoculate material on Sabouraud medium
Inoculate on Kitt - Tarrozi
Inoculate on yolk-salt agar
Inoculate on Endo medium
Inoculate on Ploskirev medium
313.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
314.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
315.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
316.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
317.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
318.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a
month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of
allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
Cytotoxic
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic
Stimulating
Immunocomplex
Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th day the graft
became swollen and changed colour; on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take part in
this process?
B-lymphocytes
Erythrocytes
T-lymphocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
A patient with suspected diphtheria went through bacterioscopic examination. Examination of throat
swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic preparation should be
chosen in this case?
Interferon
Bacteriophage
Diphtheria antitoxin
Antidiphtheric antitoxic serum
Eubiotic
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of +ACI-white spots+ACI- - zones of enamel
demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus salivarius
Streptococcus pyogenes
Veilonella parvula
Staphylococcus epidermidis
While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by
Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14
regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent
of the following disease:
Syphilis
Trypanosomiasis
Leptospirosis
Relapsing fever
Leishmaniasis
A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were
localised on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Prescribe combine antibiotic therapy
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctor's supervision
E.
319.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
320.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
321.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
322.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
323.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
324.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
A consumptive patient has an open pulmonary form of disease. Choose what sputum staining should
be selected for finding out the tubercle (Koch's) bacillus?
Method of Ziel-Neelsen
Method of Romanowsky-Giemsa
Method of Gram
Method of Neisser
Method of Burry-Gins
A 42-year-old man who has been injured in a car accident is brought into the emergency room. His
blood alcohol level on admission is 250 mg/dL. Hospital records show a prior hospitalization for
alcohol related seizures. His wife confirms that he has been drinking heavily for 3 weeks. What
treatment should be provided to the patient if he goes into withdrawal?
Diazepam
Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenytoin
None
In a 2-year-old child with catarrhal presentations and skin rash a pediatrician suspected scarlet fever.
The child was given intracutaneously a small dose of serum antibody to the streptococcal
erythrogenic toxin; on the site of injection the rash disappeared. What do the reaction results mean?
The clinical diagnosis was confirmed
The child has hypersensitivity to the erythrogenic toxin
The disease wasn't caused by haemolytic streptococcus
The whole serum dose may be injected intravenously
The child has very weak immune system
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberculosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
TABTe
From the defecation of a 6-year-old ill child, who has artificial feeding, the intestinal bacillus with
antigen structure 0-111 is excreted. What is the diagnosis?
Coli-enteritis
Gastroenteritis
Cholera-like diseasis
Food poisoning
Dysentery-like diseasis
For serological diagnostics of the whooping cough it was made large-scale reaction with
parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of
Bordetella parapertussis grain-like sediment formed. What antibodies have this reaction revealed?
Agglutinins
Precipitins
Opsonins
Bacteriolysins
E.
325.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
326.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
327.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
328.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
329.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
330.
A. *
Antitoxins
From pharynx of a child with suspected diphtheria a pure culture of microorganisms was isolated.
Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be typical for
diphtheria causative agents. What study should be conducted in order to drow a conclusion that this is
a pathogenic diphtheria bacillus?
Estimation of toxigenic properties
Estimation of proteolytic properties
Estimation of urease activity
Estimation of cystinous activity
Estimation of ability to decompose starch
On bacteriological examination of the defecation of a 4-months-old baby with the symptoms of acute
bowel infection there were revealed red colonies spread in the large quantity in the Endo medium.
What microorganism can it be?
Escherichia
Salmonella
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Shigella
Reaction of passive hemagglutination conducted with erythrocytic typhoid Vi-diagnosticum helped
to reveal some antibodies in the dilution of the patient's serum at a ratio of 1:80 that exceeds the
diagnostic titer. Such result witnesses of:
Being a potential carrier of typhoid bacilli
Being ill with acute typhoid fever
Typhoid fever recurrence
Incubation period of typhoid fever
Reconvalescence of a patient ill with typhoid fever
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo agar
Ploskyrev agar
Sabouraud agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed some gram-negative
bean-shaped bacteria located in the leukocytes. They can be identified as the causative agent of the
following disease:
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Chancroid
Trichomoniasis
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological
laboratory. The material was used for preparing hanging drop specimen. What type of microscopy
will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility?
Phase-contrast microscopy
B.
C.
D.
E.
331.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
332.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
333.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
334.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
335.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
336.
A. *
B.
Electron microscopy
Immune and electron microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Immersion microscopy
In the surgical ward, the dressing material was undergoing sterilization in an autoclave. Through an
oversight of a nurse the mode of sterilization was changed and the temperature in the autoclave
reached only 100 0C instead of the due 120oC. What microorganisms can stay viable under these
conditions?
Bacilli and clostridia
Staphylococci and streptococci
Mold and yeast fungi
Salmonella and klebsiella
Corynebacteria and mycobacteria
In course of long-term treatment of an infectious patient with penicillin, the pathogen transformed
into the L-form. What changes occur in the pathogen cell in case of L-transformation?
Absence of a cell wall
Absence of flagella
Absence of a capsule
Absence of a spore
Absence of inclusions
A patient with suspected dysentery has been admitted to the infectious diseases hospital. Which basic
method of laboratory diagnosis must be applied in the first place?
Bacteriological
Serological
Allergic
Biological
Microscopic
There are areas where humans or animals are exposed to the constant risk of contracting certain types
of bacteria. What feature of these bacteria is responsible for their long viability in the soil?
Spore formation
Capsule formation
Ability to multiply in the plant remains
Thick cell wall
Plasmids
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
The causative agent of botulism causes severe food poisoning. Specify the most characteristic
morphological feature of botulism causative agent:
Gram-positive bacillus with subterminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-spore-forming bacillus
C.
D.
E.
337.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
338.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
339.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
340.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
341.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
342.
A. *
B.
Gram-positive bacillus with terminal spore
Thin mobile bacillus with central spore
Thick gram-positive bacillus without spores and flagella
A patient has a necrotizing phlegmon of his lower extremity. A doctor suspects a gas gangrene.
Microscopy reveals Gram-positive bacilli. In order to confirm the diagnosis further bacteriological
tests should include inoculation of the material into the following nutrient medium:
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Endo agar
Levine agar
Meat-peptone agar
Milk-salt agar
For the specific prevention of influenza, the employees of an enterprise were vaccinated with
Influvac. What type of immunity will develop in the body of the vaccinated?
Artificial active
Innate congenital
Artificial passive
Natural active
Natural passive
Dysbiosis can be treated with drugs that contain living representatives of normal microflora as well
as their metabolic products. Select the microorganisms that are used for the production of such drugs:
Bifidum bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
Proteus
Providencia
Yersinia
A 26-year-old female patient with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a
causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
Doxycycline
Interferon
BCG vaccine
Ambroxol
Dexamethasone
10 days after having quinsy caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus a 6-year-old child exhibited
symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What mechanism of glomerular lesion is most likely in this case?
Immunocomplex
Cellular cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxis
Atopy
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
A 12-year-old boy has been hospitalized for suspected food poisoning. The fecal samples were
inoculated on the Endo agar, which resulted in growth of a large number of colorless colonies. What
microorganism is most likely to be EXCLUDED from the list of possible causative agents of the
disease?
Escherichia coli
Salmonella enteritidis
C.
D.
E.
343.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
344.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
345.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
346.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
347.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
348.
Proteus vulgaris
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Yersinia enterocolitica
6 hours after the initial inoculation of water sample into peptone water, the growth of a culture in
form of a thin pellicle on the medium surface was registered. Such cultural properties are typical for
the causative agent of the following disease:
Cholera
Plague
Tuberculosis
Dysentery
Pseudotuberculosis
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
Microbiological purity of tabulated drugs had been tested at factory. Samples cultivation in mannitol
salt agar resulted in growth of golden-yellow colonies, microscopic examination of colonies detected
Gram-positive globular bacteria positioned in clusters+ADs- microorganisms had plasma coagulation
properties. What pure bacterial culture was obtained?
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Microbiological studies of air in the pharmacy room revealed the presence of pathogenic
staphylococci. Select the medium in which you can detect the lecithinase activity of the isolated
microorganism:
Yolk-salt agar
Blood agar
Bismuth sulfite agar
Sugar agar
Meat-extract agar
There is a suspicion of active tuberculosis development in patient. The doctor has appointed Mantoux
test to make a diagnosis. What immunobiological agent has to be administered?
Tuberculin
BCG vaccine
DPT vaccine
Tularin
DT vaccine
A young woman suddenly developed fever up to 39oC accompanied by a strong headache.
Examination revealed marked nuchal rigidity. Spinal puncture was performed. Gram-stained smear
of cerebrospinal fluid contained many neutrophils and Gram-negative diplococci. What bacteria
could be the cause of this disease?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
349.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
350.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
351.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
352.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
353.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
354.
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A bacteriological laboratory studied the home-made dried fish which had caused a severe food
poisoning. Microscopy of the culture grown on the Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms
resembling a tennis racket. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Botulism
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Dysentery
Typhoid fever
A patient presents with fever, chill and cough. From his sputum the ovoid Gram-negative bipolarstained bacilli with a delicate capsule were isolated. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Plague
Tuberculosis
Leptospirosis
Brucellosis
Toxoplasmosis
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of botulism. What serological reaction
should be used to reveal botulinum toxin?
Neutralization reaction
Agglutination reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation reaction
Immunofluorescence test
A child with suspected tuberculosis was given Mantoux test. After 24 hours the site of the allergen
injection got swollen, hyperemic and painful. What are the main components that determine such
response of the body?
Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG
Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
B-lymphocytes, IgM
Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes
In a village, a case of anthrax had been registered. Medical services began epidemiologically
indicated specific prophylaxis of population against anthrax. What preparation was used for this
purpose?
Live vaccine
Inactivated vaccine
Chemical vaccine
Genetically engineered vaccine
Anatoxin
A 55-year-old patient with a characteristic rash, fever, dizziness has been admitted to a hospital. He
has been provisionally diagnosed with typhus. No similar cases have been reported. In his youth (15
years old) the patient suffered typhus in a boarding school. What disease is it?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
355.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
356.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
357.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
358.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
359.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Brill disease
Typhoid fever
Measles
Rubella
Cholera
A patient has severe catarrhal symptoms. Material growth on Bordet-Gengou agar showed mercurydrop like colonies. Examination of the blood smears revealed some small ovoid gram positive bacilli
sized 1-3 microns. What microorganisms were isolated?
Bordetella
Corynebacteria
Mycobacteria
Meningococcus
Brucella
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo's agar
Ploskyrev's agar
Sabouraud's agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
The laboratory for especially dangerous infections conducts microscopic examination of pathological
material from a patient with suspected plague. The sample was stained by Burri-Gins technique.
What property of the causative agent can be identified by this technique?
Capsule formation
Spore formation
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
Presence of volutin granules
A child cut his leg with a piece of glass while playing and was brought to the clinic for the injection
of tetanus toxoid. In order to prevent the development of anaphylactic shock the serum was
administered by Bezredka method. What mechanism underlies this method of desensitization of the
body?
Binding of IgE fixed to the mast cells
Blocking the mediator synthesis in the mast cells
Stimulation of immune tolerance to the antigen
Stimulation of the synthesis of antigenspecific IgG
Binding of IgE receptors to the mast cells
A 32-year-old patient undergoing dental examination was found to have some rash-like lesions
resembling secondary syphilis in the oral cavity. The patient was referred for the serological study
with the purpose of diagnosis confirmation. In order to detect antibodies in the serum, living
Treponema were used as diagnosticum. What serological test was performed?
Immobilization
Neutralization
Complement binding
Precipitation
E.
360.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
361.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
362.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
363.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
364.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
365.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Passive hemagglutination
Examination of a 27-year-old donor who had not donated blood for a long time revealed HBs
antibodies detected by ELISA method. In this case, the positive ELISA results indicate that the
donor:
Had hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis C
Has chronic hepatitis B
Has chronic hepatitis C
In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man
presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of antirabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:
Attenuated
Inactivated
Molecular
Toxoids
Synthetic
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction
based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidise or alkaline
phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological
reaction?
Immune-enzyme analysis
Radioimmunoassay technique
Immunofluorescence test
Bordet-Gengou test
Antigen-binding assay
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
Tuberculin
A 3-year-old child has continuous fever, lymph nodes are enlarged, the amount of lymphocytes in
blood is significantly increased. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed antigen of
Epstein-Barr virus. What diagnosis can be made based on the information given above?
Infectious mononucleosis
Burkitt+IBk-s lymphoma
Herpetic lymphadenopathy
Generalized infection caused by
Cytomegalovirus infection
Hepatitis B is diagnosed through laboratory tests that determine the presence of HBV-DNA in blood
serum of the patient. What reference method is applied for this purpose?
Polymerase chain reaction
Hybridization method
Hybridization signal amplification method
Ligase chain reaction method
E.
366.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
367.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
368.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
369.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
370.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
371.
A. *
B.
C.
ELISA diagnostic method
An outbreak of an intestinal infection occurred in a kindergarten on the eve of New Year holidays.
Bacteriological examination of patients- faeces didn-t reveal any pathogenic bacteria.
Electronmicroscopy revealed roundish structures with clear outer edges and a thick core resembling a
wheel. Specify the most likely causative agent of this infection:
Rotavirus
Adenovirus
Coxsacki-virus
E. coli
P. vulgaris
A hospitalized patient bitten by a rabid animal has an avulsive wound of shin. What kind of vaccine
must be given to prevent rabies?
Anti-rabies vaccine
DTaP
Td
BCG
TABte
A patient has been admitted to the infectious diseases department for malaise, fever up to 38oC,
jaundice. A few months ago, the patient underwent blood transfusion. The doctor suspected viral
hepatitis B. What are the principal methods of laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B?
Serological and gene diagnostics
Virus isolation in cell culture and its identification by the cytopathic effects
Detection of virions in blood by electron microscopy
Isolation of the virus in laboratory animals (neutralization reaction)
Isolation of the virus in chicken embryos
In our country, routine preventive vaccinations against poliomyelitis ivolve using live vaccine that is
administered orally. What immunoglobulins are responsible for the development of local postvaccination immunity in this case?
Secretory IgA
IgM
IgG
Serum IgA
IgE
A laboratory received a sample of water used in drug production for sanitary and virological analysis.
What group of viruses will indicate faecal contamination of water and thus the need for its additional
purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
Flaviviridae
A sample of water used in drug production has been sent to a laboratory for sanitary and virological
analysis. Presence of what virus group will be indicative of faecal contamination of water and thus
the need for its additional purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
D.
E.
372.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
373.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
374.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
375.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
376.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
377.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Retroviridae
Flaviviridae
Virological laboratory has received patient+IBk-s nasopharyngeal lavage. What can be used to single
out influenza virus from the patient+IBk-s lavage?
Chick embryo
Meat infusion agar
Meat infusion broth
Endo+IBk-s medium
Lowenstein+IBM-Jensen medium
A person has been in contact with influenza patient. What drug should be administered for specific
passive influenza prophylaxis?
Amizon
Vaccine influenza virus inactivated
Leukocytic interferon
Immunoglobulin
Anaferon
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are
visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Botulism clostridia
Diphtheroids
Streptococci
Streptobacilli
A child entering the school for the first time was given Mantoux test in order to determine if there
was a need for revaccination. The reaction was negative. What is the meaning of this test result?
No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
Availability of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
No antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
No anti-toxic immunity to tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed some gram-negative
bean-shaped bacteria located in the leukocytes. They can be identified as the causative agent of the
following disease:
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Chancroid
Trichomoniasis
A patient with suspected dysentery has been admitted to the infectious diseases hospital. Which basic
method of laboratory diagnosis must be applied in the first place?
Bacteriological
Serological
Allergic
Biological
E.
378.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
379.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
380.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
381.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
382.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
383.
A. *
Microscopic
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pyogene
A 12-year-old boy has been hospitalized for suspected food poisoning. The fecal samples were
inoculated on the Endo agar, which resulted in growth of a large number of colorless colonies. What
microorganism is most likely to be EXCLUDED from the list of possible causative agents of the
disease?
Escherichia coli
Salmonella enteritidis
Proteus vulgaris
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Yersinia enterocolitica
A child with suspected tuberculosis was given Mantoux test. After 24 hours the site of the allergen
injection got swollen, hyperemic and painful. What are the main components that determine such
response of the body?
Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG
Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
B-lymphocytes, IgM
Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo's agar
Ploskyrev's agar
Sabouraud's agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
Tuberculin
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are
visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Diphtheria corynebacteria
B.
C.
D.
E.
384.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
385.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
386.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
387.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
388.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
389.
Botulism clostridia
Diphtheroids
Streptococci
Streptobacilli
After the sanitary and bacteriological study of tap water the following results were obtained: the total
number of bacteria in 1,0 ml was 80, coli index was 3. How would you interpret the study results?
Water is safe to be consumed
Water is of doubtful quality
Water is of highly doubtful quality
Water is contaminated
Water is highly contaminated
During examination of a 3-monthold infant a pediatrician revealed that the baby -s oral mucosa and
tongue were covered with a thick white deposit. In the material taken from the affected site a
bacteriologist revealed the presence of yeast fungi giving the reasons for suspecting a fungal
infection which occurs most often in children of this age, namely:
Candidiasis
Favus
Epidermophytosis
Actinomycosis
Trichophytia
It is known that infectious type B hepatitis is a systemic disease caused by the type B hepatitis virus
and characterized by a predominant liver affection. Choose from the below given list the drugs for
the etiotropic therapy of this infection:
Acyclovir
Penicillin
Tetracycline
Sulfanilamides
Fluoroquinolones
A female patient has been treated with antibiotics for a long time. Thereafter examination of smears
form vaginal secretion revealed oval cells with well-defined nucleus, some cells gemmate. What
preparations can help to confirm the diagnosis candidosis?
Antifungal
Antibacterial
Antichlamydial
Antiviral
Antiprotozoal
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pyogene
Examination of air state in hospital was done by method of sedimentation. It revealed 5 small
roundish colonies with zone of hemolysis around them. Inoculations were made on the following
cultural medium:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
390.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
391.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
392.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
393.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
394.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Blood agar
Endo agar
Meat infusion agar
Egg yolk and salt agar
Levin agar
A female patient has been treated with antibiotics for a long time. Thereafter examination of smears
form vaginal secretion revealed oval cells with well-defined nucleus, some cells gemmate. What
preparations can help to confirm the diagnosis +ACI-candidosis+ACI-?
Antifungal
Antibacterial
Antichlamydial
Antiviral
Antiprotozoal
A patient is suspected to have the typhoid fever. What method of laboratory diagnostics would be the
most appropriate for confirmation of this diagnosis in the first week of disease?
Hemoculture identification
Urine culture identification
Myeloculture identification
Biliculture identification
Coproculture identification
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
During bacteriological analysis of solutions prepared in a pharmacy some red colonies with metallic
glitter have grown on Endo agar. What microbes were revealed?
Escherichia
Shigella
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Salmonella
Medical examination of a dairymaid revealed affection of the locomotive system, vision impairment,
disorder of the nervous and other systems. To confirm the diagnosis the patient was referred for a
serological assay (Wright+IBk-s reaction) and Burnet's skin allergy test. What was the provisional
diagnosis?
Brucellosis
Tularemia
Anthrax
Rheumatism
Leptospirosis
395.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
396.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
397.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
398.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
399.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
400.
A. *
B.
A sick child with diphtheria 10 days after the injection of antitoxic diphtheria serum, there were skin
rash, accompanied by severe itching, increased body temperature to 38, there were pains in the joints.
What is the cause of these events you expect?
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Contact allergy
Anaphylactic reaction
Serum sickness
Atopy
Veterinarny assistant, working on cattle farm went to a doctor complaining of joint pain, fever,
malaise, night sweats. Ill for about a month. Given that the patient is working on a farm and livestock
related complaints, the doctor suspected he had brucellosis. What material is taken from this patient
to be investigated in the usual microbiological laboratory?
Sputum
Blood serum
Vomit fluid
Urine
Feces
A patient, sick 3 days ago, complaining of the increased temperature of 38 +ALA- C, abdominal
pain, loose stools, presence of blood in the stool, the doctor diagnosed clinically bacterial dysentery.
What method of microbiological diagnosis is advisable to apply in this case and what material should
be taken from the patient to confirm the diagnosis?
Bacteriologycal
Serological ,blood
Smear ,blood
Smear , feces
Bacteriology, urine
A patient is suspected to have the typhoid fever. What method of laboratory diagnostics would be the
most appropriate for confirmation of this diagnosis in the first week of disease?
Hemoculture identification
Urine culture identification
Myeloculture identification
Biliculture identification
Coproculture identification
A patients with gastric ulcer with hyperacidity after endoscopy and bacteriological studies were
identified bacteria of the genus Helicobacter. Thanks to some property of these organisms are not
killed in the acidic environment of the stomach?
Urease activity
Ability to form a capsule
Oxidase activity
Catalase activity
Resistance to vancomycin
A patient with pustular skin lesions isolated pathogen, which is on blood agar forms a rounded,
medium sized, yellow colonies surrounded by a zone of hemolysis. In smears made from the colonies
Gr +- cocci appear in clusters were found. Pure culture is oxidase-and catalase-positive, ferments
mannitol, synthesizes plasma coagulase. Which of the following type matches the selected agent?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
C.
D.
E.
401.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
402.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
403.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
404.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
405.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
406.
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
A patient, 68 years old, was subjected to prolonged antibiotic therapy. After such treatment, the
patient appeared whitish coating on the oral mucosa. Microscopic examination of smear revealed
large, round, various sizes, gram positive microorganisms. What should be done to continue the
microbiological diagnosis?
Inoculate material on Sabouraud medium
Inoculate on Kitt - Tarrozi
Inoculate on yolk-salt agar
Inoculate on Endo medium
Inoculate on Ploskirev medium
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a
month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of
allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
Cytotoxic
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic
Stimulating
Immunocomplex
Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th day the graft
became swollen and changed colour+ADs- on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take
part in this process?
B-lymphocytes
Erythrocytes
T-lymphocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
A patient with suspected diphtheria went through bacterioscopic examination. Examination of throat
swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic preparation should be
chosen in this case?
Interferon
Bacteriophage
Diphtheria antitoxin
Antidiphtheric antitoxic serum
Eubiotic
While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by
Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14
regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent
of the following disease:
Syphilis
Trypanosomiasis
Leptospirosis
Relapsing fever
Leishmaniasis
A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were
localised on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
407.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
408.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
409.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
410.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
411.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Prescribe combine antibiotic therapy
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctor's supervision
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
A consumptive patient has an open pulmonary form of disease. Choose what sputum staining should
be selected for finding out the tubercle (Koch's) bacillus?
Method of Ziel-Neelsen
Method of Romanowsky-Giemsa
Method of Gram
Method of Neisser
Method of Burry-Gins
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological
laboratory. The material was used for preparing a -hanging drop- specimen. What type of microscopy
will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility?
Phase-contrast microscopy
Electron microscopy
Immune and electron microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Immersion microscopy
In a 2-year-old child with catarrhal presentations and skin rash a pediatrician suspected scarlet fever.
The child was given intracutaneously a small dose of serum antibody to the streptococcal
erythrogenic toxin+ADs- on the site of injection the rash disappeared. What do the reaction results
mean?
The clinical diagnosis was confirmed
The child has hypersensitivity to the erythrogenic toxin
The disease wasn't caused by haemolytic streptococcus
The whole serum dose may be injected intravenously
The child has very weak immune system
From the defecation of a 6-year-old ill child, who has artificial feeding, the intestinal bacillus with
antigen structure 0-111 is excreted. What is the diagnosis?
Coli-enteritis
Gastroenteritis
Cholera-like diseasis
Food poisoning
Dysentery-like diseasis
For serological diagnostics of the whooping cough it was made large-scale reaction with
parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of
Bordetella parapertussis grain-like sediment formed. What antibodies have this reaction revealed?
Agglutinins
Precipitins
Opsonins
Bacteriolysins
Antitoxins
412.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
413.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
414.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
415.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
416.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
417.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
From pharynx of a child with suspected diphtheria a pure culture of microorganisms was isolated.
Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be typical for
diphtheria causative agents. What study should be conducted in order to drow a conclusion that this is
a pathogenic diphtheria bacillus?
Estimation of toxigenic properties
Estimation of proteolytic properties
Estimation of urease activity
Estimation of cystinous activity
Estimation of ability to decompose starch
On bacteriological examination of the defecation of a 4-months-old baby with the symptoms of acute
bowel infection there were revealed red colonies spread in the large quantity in the Endo medium.
What microorganism can it be?
Escherichia
Salmonella
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Shigella
Reaction of passive hemagglutination conducted with erythrocytic typhoid Vi-diagnosticum helped
to reveal some antibodies in the dilution of the patient's serum at a ratio of 1:80 that exceeds the
diagnostic titer. Such result witnesses of:
Being a potential carrier of typhoid bacilli
Being ill with acute typhoid fever
Typhoid fever recurrence
Incubation period of typhoid fever
Reconvalescence of a patient ill with typhoid fever
Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum
in order to determine blood titer to the shigella. What reaction should be applied for this purpose?
Reaction of passive hemagglutination (IHT)
Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation reaction
Hemolysis reaction
Bacteriolysis reaction
A hospitalized patient bitten by a rabid animal has an avulsive wound of shin. What kind of vaccine
must be given to prevent rabies?
Anti-rabies vaccine
DTaP
Td
BCG
TABte
A smear of sputum from the patient with suspected lobar pneumonia was stained with the use of the
following dyies and reagents: crystal violet, iodin, alcohol, water, safranin. What staining method
was applied in this case?
Gram metod
Neisser method
Burri method
Zielh Neelsen method
E.
418.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
419.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
420.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
421.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
422.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
423.
Gray method
?It is planned to use the territory of an old cattle burial ground (which is not used for more than 50
years) for building houses. But ground analysis revealed presence of the pathogen of the very
dangerous illness. Which of the indicated microorgonisms is likely to remain in the ground for such
a long time?
Bacillus anthracis
Francisella tularensis
Brucella abortus
Yersinia pestis
Mycobacterium bovis
From the nasopharynx of a 5-year-old child it was excreted amicroorganism which is identical to
Corynebacterium diphtheriae dose according to morphological and biochemical signs.Microorganism
does not produce exotoxin. As a result of what process can this microorganism become toxigenic?
Phage conversion
Cultivation in the telluric environment
Passing through the organism of the sensative animals
Growing with antitoxic serum
Chromosome mutation
While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by
Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14
regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent
of the following disease:
Syphilis
Trypanosomiasis
Leptospirosis
Relapsing fever
Leishmaniasis
Sanitary bacteriological research on water by the membrane filter method revealed two red colonies
on a membrane filter (Endo agar) through which 500 ml of analyzed water were passed. Calculate the
coli index and coli titer of the analyzed water:
4 and 250
2 and 500
250 and 4
500 and 2
250 and 2
While examining a patient an otolaryngologist noticed hyperaemia and significantly edematous
tonsils with a grayish film upon them. Microscopical examination of this film revealed some grampositive bacilli placed at an angle with each other. What disease might be suspected?
Diphtheria
Angina
Scarlet fever
Meningococcal nasopharyngitis
Epidemic parotitis
Patient with vomiting, dizziness, sensation of dubble vision, difficult swallowing was admitted to the
hospital. Doctor suspects botulism. What diagnostic methods should be used for diagnosis
approving?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
424.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
425.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
426.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
427.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
428.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
429.
A. *
Biological test, bacteriological
Allergic test, serological
Bacteriological, mycological
Protozoological, microscopical
Allergic test
A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were
localised on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Prescribe combine antibiotic therapy
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctor's supervision
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
In a patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency the number and functional activity of T and B
lymphocytes are not changed. Defect with dysfunction of antigen-presentation to the
immunocompetent cells was found during investigation on the molecule level. Defect of what cells
is the most probable?
Macrophages, monocytes
Т-lymphocytes, В-lymphocytes
NK-cells
Fibroblasts, Т-lymphocytes, В-lymphocytes
0-lymphocytes
A patient with complaints of 3-day-long fever, general weakness, loss of appetite came to visit the
infectionist. The doctor suspected enteric fever. Which method of laboratory diagnosis is the best to
confirm the diagnosis?
Detachment of blood culture
Detachment of myeloculture
Detachment of feces culture
Detachment of urine culture
Detachment of pure culture
A consumptive patient has an open pulmonary form of disease. Choose what sputum staining should
be selected for finding out the tubercle (Koch's) bacillus?
Method of Ziel-Neelsen
Method of Romanowsky-Giemsa
Method of Gram
Method of Neisser
Method of Burry-Gins
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis B
Virus of hepatitis A
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Virus of hepatitis E
A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for
toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal
(R)CFT- Reiter's complement fixation test
B.
C.
D.
E.
430.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
431.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
432.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
433.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
434.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
435.
A. *
IFA - Immunofluorescence assay
Immunoblot analysis
RDHA - Reverse direct hemagglutination assay
RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay
On bacteriological study of rinsing water of the patient with food poisoning, the pure bacterial
culture was inoculated with the following properties: gram-negative motile bacillus in the Endo
environment grows like achromic colony. Representative of what genus has caused the illness?
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Escherichia
Citrobacter
The person was selling "homemade pork" sausages on the market. State sanitary inspector suspected
falcification of the sausages.With help of what serological immune reaction can food substance be
identified?
Precipitation test
Indirect hemagglutination test
Agglutination test
Immunofluorescence test
Complement- fixation test
While registering the child to the school Mantu's test was made to define whether revaccination was
needed test result is negative. What does this result of the test mean?
Absence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Presence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
Absence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
Absence of antitoxic immunity to the tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
The donor who for a long time didn't donate the blood was investigated with IFA method. Anti-HBs
antibodies were revealed. What does positive result of IFA in this case mean?
Previous hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis В
Chronic hepatitis С
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed gram-negative bacteria
looking like coffee beans. They were localized in the leukocytes and could decompose glucose to
acid. These are the causative agents of the following disease:
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
Veneral lymphogranulomatosis
Soft chancre
Melioidosis
Scraps of the mycelium of a fungus, spores, air bubbles and fat drops were discovered on
microscopy of the patient's hair excluded from the infected areas. For what fungus disease is this
microscopic picture characteristic?
Favus
B.
C.
D.
E.
436.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
437.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
438.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
439.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
440.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Microspory
Trichophytosis
Epidermophytosis
Sporotrichosis
In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a
thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother's milk as well as in a new-laid hen's egg. It is
known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
Lysozyme
Complement
Interferon
Interleukin
Imanine
Study of bacteriological sputum specimens stained by the Ziel-Neelsen method revealed some brightred acid-resistant bacilli that were found in groups or singularly. When inoculated onto the nutrient
media, the signs of their growth show up on the 10-15 day. These bacteria relate to the following
family:
Micobacterium tuberculosis
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Histoplasma dubrosii
Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
Coxiella burnettii
A man was admitted to the hospital on the 5th day of disease that manifested itself by jaundice,
muscle aching, chill, nose bleedings. In course of laboratory diagnostics a bacteriologist performed
dark-field microscopy of the patient's blood drop. Name a causative agent of this disease:
Leptospira interrogans
Borrelia dutlonii
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Bartonella bacilloformis
Rickettsia mooseri
Gramnegative bin-shaped diplococcus inside and outside of leucocytes were detected on
bacteriological examination of the purulent exudates from the cervix of the uterus. Name the
causative agent of purulent inflammation of the cervix of the uterus.
Neisseria gonorroeae
Chlamidia trachomatis
Haemophilus vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Patient with diarrhoea was admitted to the infection unit. Gramnegative curved rod-like bacteria were
founded on bacterioscopic examination of faecal masses. What is the most likely disease in this
patient?
A
Cholera
B
Typhoid fever
C
Salmonellosis gastroenteritis
D
Diphtheria
E
Intestinal form of plague
441.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
442.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
443.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
444.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
445.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
446.
A. *
B.
C.
In a 2-year-old child with catarrhal presentations and skin rash a pediatrician suspected scarlet fever.
The child was given intracutaneously a small dose of serum antibody to the streptococcal
erythrogenic toxin; on the site of injection the rash disappeared. What do the reaction results mean?
The clinical diagnosis was confirmed
The child has hypersensitivity to the erythrogenic toxin
The disease wasn't caused by haemolytic streptococcus
The whole serum dose may be injected intravenously
The child has very weak immune system
From the defecation of a 6-year-old ill child, who has artificial feeding, the intestinal bacillus with
antigen structure 0-111 is excreted. What is the diagnosis?
Coli-enteritis
Gastroenteritis
Cholera-like diseasis
Food poisoning
Disentery-like diseasis
For serological diagnostics of the whooping cough it was made large-scale reaction with
parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of
Bordetella parapertussis grain-like sediment formed. What antibodies have this reaction revealed?
Agglutinins
Precipitins
Opsonins
Bacteriolysins
Antitoxins
A man died from an acute infectious disease accompanied by fever, jaundice haemorrhagic rash on
the skin and mucous membranes as well as by acute renal insufficiency. Histological examination of
renal tissue (stained by Romanovsky-Giemsa method revealed some convoluted bacteria looking like
C und S letters. What bacteria were revealed?
Leptospira
Treponema
Spirilla
Borrelia
Campilobacteria
A 16 y.o. boy from a countryside entered an educational establishment. Scheduled Mantoux test
revealed that the boy had negative reaction. What are the most reasonable actions in this case?
To perform BCG vaccination
To repeat the reaction in a month
To perform serodiagnostics of tuberculosis
To isolate the boy temporarily from his mates
To perform rapid Price diagnostics
Examination of a patient with pustular skin lesions allowed to isolate a causative agent that forms in
the blood agar roundish yellow middle-sized colonies surrounded by haemolysis zone. Smears from
the colonies contain irregular-shaped clusters of gram-positive cocci. The culture is oxidase- and
catalase-positive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What causative agent was
isolated?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pyogenes
D.
E.
447.
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient's tongue revealed oval, round,
elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
448.
Candidosis
Actinomycosis
Streptococcic infection
Staphylococcic infection
Diphtheria
From pharynx of a child with suspected diphtheria a pure culture of microorganisms was isolated.
Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be typical for
diphtheria causative agents. What study should be conducted in order to drow a conclusion that this is
a pathogenic diphtheria bacillus?
Estimation of toxigenic properties
Estimation of proteolytic properties
Estimation of urease activity
Estimation of cystinous activity
Estimation of ability to decompose starch
Examination of a child revealed some whitish spots looking like coagulated milk on the mucous
membrane of his cheeks and tongue. Analysis of smears revealed gram-positive oval yeast-like cells.
What causative agents are they?
Candida
Staphylococci
Diphtheria bacillus
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
449.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
450.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
451.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
452.
Actinomycetes
Fusobacteria
Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom
sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies
surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive
cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient?
Streptococci
Micrococci
Staphylococci
Tetracocci
Sarcina
On bacteriological examination of the defecation of a 4-months-old baby with the symptoms of acute
bowel infection there were revealed red colonies spread in the large quantity in the Endo medium.
What microorganism can it be?
Escherichia
Salmonella
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Shigella
Bacteriological examination of a patient with food poisoning required inoculation of a pure culture
of bacteria with the following properties: gram-negative movable bacillus that grows n the Endo
medium in form of colourless colonies. A representative of which species caused this disease?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
453.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
454.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
455.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
456.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
457.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Esherichia
Citrobacter
Examination of a young man in the AIDS centre produced a positive result of immune-enzyme assay
with HIV antigens. Patient's complaints about state of his health were absent. What can the positive
result of immune-enzyme assay be evidence of?
HIV infection
Being ill with AIDS
Being infected with HBV
Having had AIDS recently
HBV persistence
Microscopy of stained (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) smears taken from the sputum of a patient with
chronic pulmonary disease revealed red bacilli. What property of tuberculous bacillus was shown up?
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
Alcohol resistance
Capsule formation
Sporification
Reaction of passive hemagglutination conducted with erythrocytic typhoid Vi-diagnosticum helped
to reveal some antibodies in the dilution of the patient's serum at a ratio of 1:80 that exceeds the
diagnostic titer. Such result witnesses of:
Being a potential carrier of typhoid bacilli
Being ill with acute typhoid fever
Typhoid fever recurrence
Incubation period of typhoid fever
Reconvalescence of a patient ill with typhoid fever
In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with
antitoxic diphtherial serum was put on the dense nutrient medium. There were also inoculated a
microbal culture under examination and a strain that is known to be toxigenic. If the microbal culture
under examination produces exotoxin, this wil result in formation of:
Precipitin lines
Haemolysis zones
Zones of diffuse opacification
Zones of lecithovitellinous activity
Precipitin ring
A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated with Levomycetin, the next day his condition
became worse, temperature rised to 39,6 о С. What caused worthening?
The effect of endotoxin agent
Allergic reaction
Irresponsiveness of an agent to the levomycetin
Secondary infection addition
Reinfection
458.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
459.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
460.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
461.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
462.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
463.
A. *
B.
In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were
inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into the
center and moistened with antidiphtheric antitoxic serum. After incubation of inoculations in agar the
strip-like areas of medium turbidity were found between separate cultures and the strip of filter paper.
What immunological reaction was conducted?
Precipitation gel reaction
Coomb's test
Agglutination reaction
Rings precipitation reaction
Opsonization reaction
A patient with clinical signs of encephalitis was delivered to the infectious diseases hospital.
Anamnesis registers a tick bite. Hemagglutination-inhibition reaction helped to reveal antibodies to
the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis in the dilution 1:20 which is not diagnostic. What
actions should the doctor take after he had got such result?
To repeat the examination with serum taken 10 days later
To examine the same serum
To apply more sensitive reaction
To repeat examination with another diagnosticum
To deny diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis
The first grade pupils were examined in order to sort out children for tuberculosis revaccination.
What test was applied for this purpose?
Mantoux test
Schick test
Supracutaneous tularin test
Burnet test
Anthraxine test
Clinical diagnosis of a female patient was gonorrhoea. What examination method can be applied for
confirmation of this diagnosis?
Microscopy of pathological material
Infection of laboratory animals
Test with bacteriophage
Hemagglutination reaction
Immobilization reaction
A patient suffering from periodical attacks caused by inhalation of different flavoring substances was
diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma. IgE level was increased. This is typical for the following
type of reactions:
Anaphylactic reactions
Cytotoxic reactions
Immunocomplex reactions
delayed-type hypersensitivity
Autoimmune reactions
Bacteriological laboratory examines canned meat whether it contains botulinum toxin. For this
purpose an extract of test specimen and antitoxic antibotulinic serum of A, B, E types were
introducted to a group of mice under examination; a control group of mice got the extract without
antibotulinic serum. What serological reaction was applied?
Neutralization
Precipitation
C.
D.
E.
464.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
465.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
466.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
467.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
468.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
469.
A. *
B.
Complement binding
Opsono-phagocytic
Double immune diffusion
For the purpose of retrtospective diagnostics of recent bacterial dysentery it was decided to perform
serological examination of blood serum in order to determine antibody titer towards Shiga bacilli.
What of the following reactions should be applied?
Passive hemagglutination
Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation
Hemolysis
Bacteriolysis
During the repeated Widal agglutination test it was noticed that the ratio of antibody titers and Oantigens S. typhi in the patient's serum had increased from 1:100 to 1:400. How would you interpret
these results?
The patient has typhoid fever
The patient is an acute carrier of typhoid microbes
The patient is a chronic carrier of typhoid microbs
The patient previously had typhoid fever
The patient was previously vaccinated against typhoid fever
A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative
agent. What is such infection form called?
Reinfection
Recidivation
Superinfection
Persisting infection
Chronic infection
A 10-year-old child had the mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm
in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed
after the tuberculin injection?
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
Arthus phenomenon
Seroreaction
Atopic reaction
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
A patient with clinical presentations of immunodeficiency went through immunological
examinations. They revealed significant loss of cells that form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. What
conclusion can be made according to the analysis data?
Decrease of T-lymphocytes rate
Decrease of B-lymphocytes rate
Decrease of natural killer cell rate
Decrease of complement system rate
Insufficiency of effector cells of humoral immunity
As a result of durative antibiotic therapy a 37-year old patient developed intestinal dysbacteriosis.
What type of drugs should be used in order to normalize intestinal microflora?
Eubiotics
Sulfanilamides
C.
D.
E.
470.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
471.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
472.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
473.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
474.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
475.
A. *
Bacteriophages
Autovaccines
Vitamins
Among junior children of an orphanage an outbreak of intestinal infection with signs of colienteritis
was registered. In order to identify isolated causative agent it is necessary to:
Study antigenic properties of the causative agent
To determine sensitivity to antibiotics
To study sensitivity to bacteriophages
To study biochemical properties of the causative agent
To study virulence of the causative agent
Urine examination of a patient with acute cystitis revealed leukocytes and a lot of gram-negative
bacilli. Inoculation resulted in growth of colonies of mucous nature that formed green soluble
pigment. What microorganism is the most probable cause of the disease?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherihia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella enteritidis
A laboratory received a material from a patient's wound. Preliminary diagnosis is gaseous gangrene.
What microbiological method should be applied to determine species of causative agent?
Bacteriological
Allergic
Bacterioscopic
Serological
RIA
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses)
taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza". What quick test will allow to reveal
specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
AT
Hemagglutination inhibition assay
Radioimmunoassay
ELISA
In the surgical department of a hospital there was an outbreak of hospital infection that showed itself
in often postoperative wound abscesses. Bacteriological examination of pus revealed Staphylococcus.
What examination shall be conducted to find out the source of this causative agent among the
department personnel?
Phagotyping
Microscopical examination
Serological identification
Estimation of antibiotic susceptibility
Biochemical identification
A 7 year old child often suffers from streprococcal angina. Doctor suspected development of
rheumatism and administered serological examination. The provisional diagnosis will be most
probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcal antigen:
O-streptolysin
B.
C.
D.
E.
476.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
477.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
478.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
479.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
480.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
481.
C-carbohydrate
M-protein
Erythrogenic toxin
Capsular polysaccharide
A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of sucking mouse were infected with an inoculum
taken from a child with provisional diagnosis "enterovirus infection". There was no cytopathic effect
on the cell culture but mouse sucking died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this
child?
Coxsackie A
Coxsackie B
ECHO virus
Polioviruses
Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71
A patient has been suffering from elevated temperature and attacks of typical cough for 10 days.
Doctor administered inoculation of mucus from the patient's nasopharynx on the agar. What
microorganism is presumed?
Pertussis bacillus
Pfeiffer's bacillus
Listeria
Klebsiella
Staphylococcus
A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part
of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteriological examination of urine revealed gramnegative oxidase-positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell.
What causative agent can it be?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus mirabilis
E.coli
Str.pyogenes
Mycoplasma pneumonie
Microscopical examination of a microbal culture revealed fusiform spore-forming microorganisms
that get violet-blue Gram stain. What microorganisms were revealed?
Clostridia
Streptococci
Spirochaete
Actinomycete
Diplococci
A specimen stained by Ozheshko method contains rod-like microorganisms stained blue with round
terminal components stained red. What are these components called?
Spores
Cilia
Flagella
Capsules
Mesosomas
During the regular sanitary-epidemiological inspection of a pharmacy, the bacteriological analysis of
air was performed. The air was found to have bacilli, yeast fungi, hemolytic streptococci, micrococci.
Which of the detected microorganisms indicate the direct epidemic danger?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
482.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
483.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
484.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
485.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
486.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Haemolytic streptococci
Micrococci
Bacilli
Yeast fungi
Sarcina
A bacteriological laboratory received sputum sample of a patient suffering from tuberculosis.
Bacterioscopic examination of smears and detection of tuberculosis bacillus can be realized by one of
enrichment methods that involves processing of sputum only with solution of caustic soda. What is
this method called?
Homogenization
Inactivation
Flotation
Filtration
Neutralization
A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a
number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative
of?
Of primary infection
Of a chronic process
The woman is healthy
Of exacerbation of a chronic disease
Of recurring infection with rubella virus
A 65-year-old man has purulent abscess on his neck. Analyses revealed a culture of gram-positive
cocci with plasmocoagulase activity. This culture relates most likely to:
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Material taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza" was referred to a laboratory. For
virological examination the hemadsorption reaction was applied. This reaction can be applied for
detection of the following viruses:
Viruses containing hemagglutinins
All the simple viruses
All the complex viruses
DNA-genomic viruses
Any viruses
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are
visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Botulism clostridia
Diphtheroids
Streptococci
Streptobacilli
487.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
488.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
489.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
490.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
491.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
492.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of "white spots" - zones of enamel
demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus salivarius
Streptococcus pyogenes
Veilonella parvula
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberculosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
TABTe
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo agar
Ploskyrev agar
Sabouraud agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological
laboratory. The material was used for preparing a "hanging drop" specimen. What type of
microscopy will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility?
Phase-contrast microscopy
Electron microscopy
Immune and electron microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Immersion microscopy
In the surgical ward, the dressing material was undergoing sterilization in an autoclave. Through an
oversight of a nurse the mode of sterilization was changed and the temperature in the autoclave
reached only 100?C instead of the due 120?C. What microorganisms can stay viable under these
conditions?
Bacilli and clostridia
Staphylococci and streptococci
Mold and yeast fungi
Salmonella and klebsiella
Corynebacteria and mycobacteria
In course of long-term treatment of an infectious patient with penicillin, the pathogen transformed
into the L-form. What changes occur in the pathogen cell in case of L-transformation?
Absence of a cell wall
Absence of flagella
Absence of a capsule
Absence of a spore
E.
493.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
494.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
495.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
496.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
497.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
498.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
499.
Absence of inclusions
There are areas where humans or animals are exposed to the constant risk of contracting certain types
of bacteria. What feature of these bacteria is responsible for their long viability in the soil?
Spore formation
Capsule formation
Ability to multiply in the plant remains
Thick cell wall
Plasmids
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
The causative agent of botulism causes severe food poisoning. Specify the most characteristic
morphological feature of botulism causative agent:
Gram-positive bacillus with subterminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-spore-forming bacillus
Gram-positive bacillus with terminal spore
Thin mobile bacillus with central spore
Thick gram-positive bacillus without spores and flagella
Microbiological analysis of medicinal raw materials revealed capsular bacteria. What stain method
was used to detect the capsules?
Burry-Gins
Ziehl-Neelsen
Neisser
Gram
Ozheshko
Bacterioscopic examination of chancre material revealed some mobile, long, convoluted
microorganisms with 8-12 regular coils. These features are typical for:
Treponema
Borrellia
Leptospira
Vibrios
Campylobacter
Infectious agents of various ultrastructures can be etiological agents of infectious diseases. Which of
the groups named below HAS NO cellular structure, protein synthesizing, enzyme and energy
systems?
Viruses
Fungi
Bacteria
Protozoa
Rickettsia
What method of sterilization should be used during the liquid media containing proteins?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
500.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
501.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
502.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
503.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
504.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
505.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Filtering
Boiling
Gas sterilization
Autoclaving
Pasteurization
Meat peptone broth is prepared for sterilization in bateriological laboratory. What sterilization
method is advisable?
Autoclaving
Ignition
Boiling
Filtering
Dry heat
A patient has a necrotizing phlegmon of his lower extremity. A doctor suspects a gas gangrene.
Microscopy reveals Gram-positive bacilli. In order to confirm the diagnosis further bacteriological
tests should include inoculation of the material into the following nutrient medium:
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Endo agar
Levine agar
Meat-peptone agar
Milk-salt agar
Bacteria eventually become resistant to antibacterial agents. Resistance of gram-positive bacteria to
penicillin antibiotics is caused by:
Beta-lactamase production
Permeability of the cell wall
Active synthesis of peptidoglycan
Active transport of antibiotic
Protein synthesis
Which one of the listed substances causes formation of acquired artificial passive immunity?
Tetanus toxoid
BCG
MMR
DPT
TABTe
It is necessary to carry out preventive vaccination of a student group because of an occurrence of
diphtheria. Which preparation should be used for the creation of the artificial active immunity?
Diphtheria toxoid
Specific immunoglobulin
DTP vaccine
Inactivated bacteria vaccine
Anti-diphtheria serum
For the specific prevention of influenza, the employees of an enterprise were vaccinated with
"Influvac". What type of immunity will develop in the body of the vaccinated?
Artificial active
Innate congenital
Artificial passive
Natural active
E.
506.
Natural passive
Dysbiosis can be treated with drugs that contain living representatives of normal microflora as well
as their metabolic products. Select the microorganisms that are used for the production of such drugs:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
507.
Bifidum bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
Proteus
Providencia
Yersinia
A 26-year-old female patient with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a
causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
Doxycycline
Interferon
BCG vaccine
Ambroxol
Dexamethasone
What condition may develop 15-30 minutes after re-administration of the antigen as a result of the
increased level of antibodies, mainly IgE, that are adsorbed on the surface of target cells, namely
tissue basophils (mast cells) and blood basophils?
Anaphylaxis
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immune complex hyperresponsiveness
Serum sickness
10 days after having quinsy caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus a 6-year-old child exhibited
symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What mechanism of glomerular lesion is most likely in this case?
Immunocomplex
Cellular cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxis
Atopy
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
6 hours after the initial inoculation of water sample into 1% peptone water, the growth of a culture in
form of a thin pellicle on the medium surface was registered. Such cultural properties are typical for
the causative agent of the following disease:
Cholera
Plague
Tuberculosis
Dysentery
Pseudotuberculosis
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
508.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
509.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
510.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
511.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
E.
512.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
513.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
514.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
515.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
516.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
517.
A. *
B.
C.
Anthrax
Microbiological purity of tabulated drugs had been tested at factory. Samples cultivation in mannitol
salt agar resulted in growth of golden-yellow colonies, microscopic examination of colonies detected
Gram-positive globular bacteria positioned in clusters; microorganisms had plasma coagulation
properties. What pure bacterial culture was obtained?
Staphylococcus aureus.
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Microbiological studies of air in the pharmacy room revealed the presence of pathogenic
staphylococci. Select the medium in which you can detect the lecithinase activity of the isolated
microorganism:
Yolk-salt agar
Blood agar
Bismuth sulfite agar
Sugar agar
Meat-extract agar
There is a suspicion of active tuberculosis development in patient. The doctor has appointed Mantoux
test to make a diagnosis. What immunobiological agent has to be administered?
Tuberculin
BCG vaccine
DPT vaccine
Tularin
DT vaccine
A young woman suddenly developed fever up to 39oC accompanied by a strong headache.
Examination revealed marked nuchal rigidity. Spinal puncture was performed. Gram-stained smear
of cerebrospinal fluid contained many neutrophils and Gram-negative diplococci. What bacteria
could be the cause of this disease?
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A bacteriological laboratory studied the home-made dried fish which had caused a severe food
poisoning. Microscopy of the culture grown on the Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms
resembling a tennis racket. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Botulism
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Dysentery
Typhoid fever
Quite often, the soil may contain a number of pathogenic microorganisms. The causative agents of
the following disease may stay viable in the soil for a long time:
Anthrax
Diphtheria
Viral hepatitis
D.
E.
518.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
519.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
520.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
521.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
522.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
523.
A. *
B.
C.
Pertussis
Dysentery
A patient presents with fever, chill and cough. From his sputum the ovoid Gram-negative bipolarstained bacilli with a delicate capsule were isolated. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Plague
Tuberculosis
Leptospirosis
Brucellosis
Toxoplasmosis
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of botulism. What serological reaction
should be used to reveal botulinum toxin?
Neutralization reaction
Agglutination reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
Precipitation reaction
Immunofluorescence test
In a village, a case of anthrax had been registered. Medical services began epidemiologically
indicated specific prophylaxis of population against anthrax. What preparation was used for this
purpose?
Live vaccine
Inactivated vaccine
Chemical vaccine
Genetically engineered vaccine
Anatoxin
A 55-year-old patient with a characteristic rash, fever, dizziness has been admitted to a hospital. He
has been provisionally diagnosed with typhus. No similar cases have been reported. In his youth (15
years old) the patient suffered typhus in a boarding school. What disease is it?
Brill disease
Typhoid fever
Measles
Rubella
Cholera
A patient has severe catarrhal symptoms. Material growth on Bordet-Gengou agar showed mercurydrop like colonies. Examination of the blood smears revealed some small ovoid gram positive bacilli
sized 1-3 microns. What microorganisms were isolated?
Bordetella
Corynebacteria
Mycobacteria
Meningococcus
Brucella
The laboratory for especially dangerous infections conducts microscopic examination of pathological
material from a patient with suspected plague. The sample was stained by Burri-Gins technique.
What property of the causative agent can be identified by this technique?
Capsule formation
Spore formation
Acid resistance
D.
E.
524.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
525.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
526.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
527.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
528.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
529.
Alkali resistance
Presence of volutin granules
A child cut his leg with a piece of glass while playing and was brought to the clinic for the injection
of tetanus toxoid. In order to prevent the development of anaphylactic shock the serum was
administered by Bezredka method. What mechanism underlies this method of desensitization of the
body?
Binding of IgE fixed to the mast cells
Blocking the mediator synthesis in the mast cells
Stimulation of immune tolerance to the antigen
Stimulation of the synthesis of antigenspecific IgG
Binding of IgE receptors to the mast cells
A 32-year-old patient undergoing dental examination was found to have some rash-like lesions
resembling secondary syphilis in the oral cavity. The patient was referred for the serological study
with the purpose of diagnosis confirmation. In order to detect antibodies in the serum, living
Treponema were used as diagnosticum. What serological test was performed?
Immobilization
Neutralization
Complement binding
Precipitation
Passive hemagglutination
Examination of a 27-year-old donor who had not donated blood for a long time revealed HBs
antibodies detected by ELISA method. In this case, the positive ELISA results indicate that the
donor:
Had hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis C
Has chronic hepatitis B
Has chronic hepatitis C
In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man
presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of antirabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:
Attenuated
Inactivated
Molecular
Toxoids
Synthetic
RNA-containing viruses that cause tumors in animals, genetic information can be transmitted in the
opposite direction from the RNA to the DNA via a specific enzyme. The enzyme of reverse
transcription is called:
Reverse transcriptase
DNA polymerase
Ligase
Primase
Topoisomerase
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction
based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidise or alkaline
phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological
reaction?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
530.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
531.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
532.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
533.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
534.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Immune-enzyme analysis
Radioimmunoassay technique
Immunofluorescence test
Bordet-Gengou test
Antigen-binding assay
A 3-year-old child has continuous fever, lymph nodes are enlarged, the amount of lymphocytes in
blood is significantly increased. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed antigen of
Epstein-Barr virus. What diagnosis can be made based on the information given above?
Infectious mononucleosis
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Herpetic lymphadenopathy
Generalized infection caused by
Cytomegalovirus infection
Hepatitis B is diagnosed through laboratory tests that determine the presence of HBV-DNA in blood
serum of the patient. What reference method is applied for this purpose?
Polymerase chain reaction
Hybridization method
Hybridization signal amplification
Ligase chain reaction method
ELISA diagnostic method
An outbreak of an intestinal infection occurred in a kindergarten on the eve of New Year holidays.
Bacteriological examination of patients’ faeces didn’t reveal any pathogenic bacteria.
Electronmicroscopy revealed roundish structures with clear outer edges and a thick core resembling a
wheel. Specify the most likely causative agent of this infection:
Rotavirus
Adenovirus
Coxsacki-virus
E. coli
P. vulgaris
A patient has been admitted to the infectious diseases department for malaise, fever up to 38oC,
jaundice. A few months ago, the patient underwent blood transfusion. The doctor suspected viral
hepatitis B. What are the principal methods of laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B?
Serological and gene diagnostics
Virus isolation in cell culture and its identification by the cytopathic effects
Detection of virions in blood by electron microscopy
Isolation of the virus in laboratory animals (neutralization reaction)
Isolation of the virus in chicken embryos
In our country, routine preventive vaccinations against poliomyelitis ivolve using live vaccine that is
administered orally. What immunoglobulins are responsible for the development of local postvaccination immunity in this case?
Secretory IgA
IgM
IgG
Serum IgA
IgE
535.
A laboratory received a sample of water used in drug production for sanitary and virological analysis.
What group of viruses will indicate faecal contamination of water and thus the need for its additional
purification?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
536.
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
Flaviviridae
A sample of water used in drug production has been sent to a laboratory for sanitary and virological
analysis. Presence of what virus group will be indicative of faecal contamination of water and thus
the need for its additional purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
Flaviviridae
Virological laboratory has received patient’s nasopharyngeal lavage. What can be used to single out
influenza virus from the patient’s lavage?
Chick embryo
Meat infusion agar
Meat infusion broth
Endo’s medium
Lowenstein–Jensen medium
A person has been in contact with influenza patient. What drug should be administered for specific
passive influenza prophylaxis?
Amizon
Vaccine influenza virus inactivated
Leukocytic interferon
Immunoglobulin
Anaferon
After the sanitary and bacteriological study of tap water the following results were obtained: the total
number of bacteria in 1,0 ml was 80, coli index was 3. How would you interpret the study results?
Water is safe to be consumed
Water is of doubtful quality
Water is of highly doubtful quality
Water is contaminated
Water is highly contaminated
During examination of a 3-monthold infant a pediatrician revealed that the baby’s oral mucosa and
tongue were covered with a thick white deposit. In the material taken from the affected site a
bacteriologist revealed the presence of yeast fungi giving the reasons for suspecting a fungal
infection which occurs most often in children of this age, namely:
Candidiasis
Favus
Epidermophytosis
Actinomycosis
Trichophytia
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
537.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
538.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
539.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
540.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
541.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
542.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
543.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
544.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
545.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
546.
A sick child with diphtheria 10 days after the injection of antitoxic diphtheria serum, there were skin
rash, accompanied by severe itching, increased body temperature to 38, there were pains in the joints.
What is the cause of these events you expect?
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Contact allergy
Anaphylactic reaction
Serum sickness
Atopy
Veterinarny assistant, working on cattle farm went to a doctor complaining of joint pain, fever,
malaise, night sweats. Ill for about a month. Given that the patient is working on a farm and livestock
related complaints, the doctor suspected he had brucellosis. What material is taken from this patient
to be investigated in the usual microbiological laboratory?
Sputam
Blood serum
Vomal fluid
Urine
Feces
A patient, sick 3 days ago, complaining of the increased temperature of 38 ° C, abdominal pain, loose
stools, presence of blood in the stool, the doctor diagnosed clinically bacterial dysentery. What
method of microbiological diagnosis is advisable to apply in this case and what material should be
taken from the patient to confirm the diagnosis?
Bacteriologycal
Serological ,blood
Smear ,blood
Smear , feces
Bacteriology, urine
A patients with gastric ulcer with hyperacidity after endoscopy and bacteriological studies were
identified bacteria of the genus Helicobacter. Thanks to some property of these organisms are not
killed in the acidic environment of the stomach?
Urease activity
Ability to form a capsule
Oxidase activity
Catalase activity
Resistance to vancomycin
A patient with pustular skin lesions isolated pathogen, which is on blood agar forms a rounded,
medium sized, yellow colonies surrounded by a zone of hemolysis. In smears made from the colonies
Gr + cocci appear in clusters were found. Pure culture is oxidase-and catalase-positive, ferments
mannitol, synthesizes plasma coagulase. Which of the following type matches the selected agent?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
A patient, 68 years old, was subjected to prolonged antibiotic therapy. After such treatment, the
patient appeared whitish coating on the oral mucosa. Microscopic examination of smear revealed
large, round, various sizes, gram positive microorganisms. What should be done to continue the
microbiological diagnosis?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
547.
Inoculate material on Sabouraud medium
Inoculate on Kitt - Tarrozi
Inoculate on yolk-salt agar
Inoculate on Endo medium
Inoculate on Ploskirev medium
In , brain cells of fox’s, trapped in the city had been found the inclusion – Babesh- Negri bodies.
What is the causative agent of fox’s infection?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
548.
Rabies
Flu
Chickenpox
Tick borne encephalitis
Kissing disease
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a
month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of
allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
Cytotoxic
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic
Stimulating
Immunocomplex
Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th day the graft
became swollen and changed colour; on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take part in
this process?
B-lymphocytes
Erythrocytes
T-lymphocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
A patient with suspected diphtheria went through bacterioscopic examination. Examination of throat
swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic preparation should be
chosen in this case?
Interferon
Bacteriophage
Diphtheria antitoxin
Antidiphtheric antitoxic serum
Eubiotic
A person was selling "homemade pork" sausages at the market. State sanitary inspector suspected
falcification of the sausages. What serological immune reaction can identifiy food substance?
Precipitation test
Indirect hemagglutination test
Complement-fixation test
Immunofluorescence test
Agglutination test
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
549.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
550.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
551.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
552.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
553.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
554.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
555.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
556.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
557.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
From the nasopharynx of a 5-year-old child it was excreted a microorganism which is identical to
Corynebacterium diphtheriae dose according to morphological and biochemical signs. But this
microorganism does not produce exotoxin. As a result of what process can this microorganism
become toxigenic?
Phage conversion
Cultivation in the telluric environment
Passing through the organism of the sensative animals
Chromosome mutation
Growing with antitoxic serum
A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated with Levomycetin, next day his condition
became worse, temperature rose to 39,60С. What caused the complication?
The effect of endotoxin agent
Secondary infection addition
Reinfection
Allergic reaction
Irresponsiveness of an agent to the levomycetin
A large-scale reaction with parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums was made in order to make
serological diagnostics of the whooping cough. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of
Bordetella parapertussis a granular sediment formed. What antibodies did this reaction reveal?
Bacteriolysins
Precipitins
Antitoxins
Opsonins
Agglutinins
A 27-year-old woman has dropped penicillin containing eye drops. In a few minutes there appeared
feeling of itching, burning of the skin, lips and eyelids edema, whistling cough, decrease of BP. What
imunoglobulins take part in the development of this allergic reaction?
IgE and IgG
IgM and IgG
IgG and IgD
IgM and IgD
IgA and IgM
It is planned to use the territory of an old cattle burial ground (which is not used for more than 50
years) for building houses. But ground analysis revealed presence of the pathogen of a very
dangerous illness. Which of the indicated microorganisms is likely to remain in the ground for such a
long time?
Bacillus anthracis
Brucella abortus
Francisella tularensis
Mycobacterium bovis
Yersinia pestis
Blood analysis of a patient showed signs of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus). Which
cells does HIV-virus primarily affect?
Cells that contain receptor T4 (T-helpers)
Cells that contain receptor IgM (B-lymphocytes)
Specialized nervous cells (neurons)
Proliferating cells (stem hematoplastic cells)
E.
558.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
559.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
560.
A. *
B. *
C.
D.
E.
561.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
562.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
563.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Mast cells
A patient had been suffering from profuse diarrhea and vomiting for 2 days. He died from acute
dehydration. Autopsy revealed that the intestinal wall was edematic and hyperemic, with multiple
haemorrhages in the mucous membrane. Intestine lumen contains whitish fluid resembling of rice
water. What disease caused death?
Cholera
Dysentery
Salmonellosis
Enterocolitis
Typhoid fever
A 19 year old woman suffers from primary syphilis. Doctor administered her complex therapy that
includes benzylpenicillin sodium salt. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
It blocks synthesis of cytoplasm proteins
It blocks DNA synthesis
It blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan of microbal membrane
It blocks RNA synthesis
It blocks thiol enzymes
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of "white spots" - zones of enamel
demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus agalactia
Streptococcus mutans
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Veilonella parvula
Streptococcus pyogenes
48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of
tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Cellular cytotoxicity
Granulomatosis
Anaphylaxy
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of
tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Cellular cytotoxicity
Granulomatosis
Anaphylaxy
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by
Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14
regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent
of the following disease:
Syphilis
Leishmaniasis
Leptospirosis
Trypanosomiasis
E.
564.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
565.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
566.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
567.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
568.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
569.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Relapsing fever
Patient with vomiting, dizziness, sensation of dubble vision, difficult swallowing was admitted to the
hospital. Doctor suspects botulism. What diagnostic methods should be used for diagnosis
approving?
Biological test, bacteriological
Protozoological, microscopical
Bacteriological, mycological
Allergic test, serological
microscopic
A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were
localised on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctors supervision
Prescribe combine antibiotic therapy
The immunoblot detected gp120 protein in the blood serum. This protein is typical for the following
disease:
HIV-infection
Tuberculosis
Poliomyelitis
Syphilis
Virus B hepatitis
A patient with complaints of 3-day-long fever, general weakness, loss of appetite came to visit the
infectionist. The doctor suspected enteric fever. Which method of laboratory diagnosis is the best to
confirm the diagnosis?
Detachment of blood culture
Detachment of myeloculture
Detachment of urine culture
Detachment of pure culture
Detachment of feces culture
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis B
Virus of hepatitis A
Virus of hepatitis E
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
On bacteriological study of rinsing water of the patient with food poisoning, the pure bacterial culture
was inoculated with the following properties: gram-negative motile bacillus in the Endo environment
grows like achromic colony. Representative of what genus has caused the illness?
Salmonella
Escherichia
Citrobacter
Shigella
Yersinia
570.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
571.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
572.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
573.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
574.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
575.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
From the defecation of a 6-year-old ill child, who has artificial feeding, the intestinal bacillus with
antigen structure 0-111 is excreted. What is the diagnosis?
Coli-enteritis
Dysentery-like diseasis
Food poisoning
Gastroenteritis
Cholera-like diseasis
Examination of a child revealed some whitish spots looking like coagulated milk on the mucous
membrane of his cheeks and tongue. Analysis of smears revealed gram-positive oval yeast-like cells.
What causative agents are they?
Candida
Diphtheria bacillus
Fusobacteria
Actinomycetes
Staphylococci
Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom
sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies
surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive
cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient
Streptococci
Micrococci
Staphylococci
Tetracocci
Sarcina
Bacterioscopy of nasopharyngeal mucus taken from a 2,5 year old child with nasopharyngitis
revealed gram-negative diplococci looking like coffee grains. What organs of the child are most
likely to be affected if these microorganisms penetrate the blood?
Brain tunics
Lymph nodes
Urogenital tracts
Cardiac valves
Renal glomeruli
A 50-year-old man developed watery diarrhea, little vomiting, nausea, and low-grade fever on the
airplane when he was returning from holidays spent in the Middle East. A stool culture reveals
lactose-positive colonies on MacConkey agar. Which one of the following organisms is the most
likely to be the cause?
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumonia
Shigella flexneri
Salmonella paratyphi A
Salmonella enteritidis
A child with asphyxia was admitted to the hospital. On examination of the child whitish and spots
difficult to separate were revealed in his larynx. What type of inflammation was in that case?
Serous inflammation
Croupous inflammaton
Purulent inflammation
Diphtheritic inflammation
E.
576.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
577.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
578.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
579.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
580.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
581.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Catarrhal inflammation
After consumption some tinned meat a patient had diplopia, acute headache, deglutition disorder,
hard breathing, muscle weakness. The diagnosis was botulism. What factor of pathogenicity are the
clinic presentations of this disease connected with?
Hemolysin
Endotoxin
Exotoxin
Fibrinolysin
Plasmocoagulase
Large gram-positive rods were isolated from patient’s cutaneous papules. The "string of pearl"
colonies on nutrient agar were demonstrated on penicillin-containing medium. Which one of the
following organisms caused the disease?
Bacillus anthracis
Staphylococcus aureus
Mycobacteria tuberculosis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Clostridia perfringens
A 3-year-old child has a temperature of 38,3C; discrete vesiculoulcerative lesions (Koplik’s sports)
can be seen on the mucous membrane of the mouth. The most probable diagnosis is:
Measles
Rubella
Herpangina
Mumps
Scarlet fever
A 6-year –old boy was bitten by a dog about the face and neck. What strategy will be used for post
exposure therapy?
Use hyperimmune serum and active immunization
Use hyperimmune serum only
Use active immunization only
Use active immunization, than check if adequate antibody titers will be produced
All strategies can be use for post exposure therapy
In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man
presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of antirabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:
Attenuated
Inactivated
Molecular
Toxoids
Synthetic
A yond adult male appeared HIV-negative on routine laboratory tests three weeks after the suspicious
sexual contact. A doctor suggested that the patient had “window’’ period. Which one of the
following tests will be most valuable?
PCR
ELISA for anti-HIV antibody
Western Blot
T4/T8 ratio
E.
582.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
583.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
584.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
585.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
586.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
587.
A.
B.
C. *
CD4 counts
During the breakout of acute respiratory infection іn order to diagnose influenza the expressdiagnosis, based оn revealing of specific viral antigen іn the examined material
(nasopharyngiallavage), is carried out. Which reaction is used for this?
IFT
CFT
ELISA
IHT
HIT
A child strung by a honeybee developes respiratory failure and vascular collapse within minutes and
goes into shock. The reaction is caused by which of the following factors:
IgE
IgG
Macrophages
Sensitized T cells
IgM
Skin tuberculin test was carried out to a patient with chronic lung tuberculosis. Restricted hyperemia
and edema appeared in the site of inracutaneous introduction of tuberculin preparation during 24-48
hours. What cells are primary effectors in this mechanism reaction?
T-lymphocytes
Neutrophils
B-lymphocytes
Endotheliocytes
Smooth muscle cells of microvessels
A patient develops induration in skin-test with purified protein derivative (PPD) to determine
previous exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis within 48 hours. Histologically, what kinds of cells
can be found in the inoculation site?
Helper T cells and macrophages
B cells
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Allergic diagnostic tests are used for the diagnosis of many infectious diseases (tuberculosis,
brucelosis, tularemia etc). Papula and redness in the place of the allergen injection appear, if diagnose
was confirmed. Antigens interaction reaction is conditioned by:
T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
IgE and lymphokines
IgM and macrophages
.IgE and T-lymphocyte
IgM and tissue basophiles
?22-old man presents with a painless 1-cm ulcer on the shaft of his penis. Inguinal lymphadenopathy
is present. The patient admits trading drugs for sex and has several sexual partners. An RPR test is
positive; however, a Gram stain of a swab specimen from the ulcer shows no bacteria. Treponema
patlidum, the causative agent of syphilis,cannot be visualized by light microscopy because
It is transparent
It cannot be stained by ordinary stains
It has a diameter of < 0.2 µm
D.
E.
588.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
589.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
590.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
591.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
592.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
593.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
The wavelength of white light is too long
The wavelength of white light is too short
An unculturable gram-positive microorganism has been visualized in tissue specimens obtained from
patients with a previously undescribed disease. Which of the following techniques would be most
useful in identifying this organism?
Serology
PCR amplification and sequencing of rDNA
Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis
SDS-polyacrylamide gel etectrophoresis
Pulsed field gel electrophoresis
A patient with a central nervous system disorder is maintained on the drug methyldopa; Hemolytic
anemia develops, which resolves shortly after the drug is withdrawn. This is MOST probably an
example of:
atopic hypersensitivity
cytotoxic hypersensitivity
immune-complex hypersensitivity
cell-mediated hypersensitivity
delayed-type hypersensitivity
Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by Rh blood group incompatibility requires maternal
antibody to enter the fetal bloodstream. Therefore, the mediator of this disease is:
IgA antibody
SIgA antibody
IgE antibody
IgM antibody
IgG antibody
Your patient is a child who has no detectable T and B cells. This immunodeficiency is most probably
the result of a defect in:
the bursal equivalent
the thymus
T cell-B cell interaction
stem cells originating in the bone marrow
phagocytosis
A respiratory disease spread by the droplet aerosol route during winter, causing severe headache,
cough, fever, malaise and congestion is most compatible with which of the following as an
etiological agent?
Mumps
Influenza C
Chicken pox
Hepatitis A Virus
Influenza A virus
An acute respiratory disease spread by the droplet aerosol route during winter is most compatible
with which of the following as an etiological agent?
Chicken pox
Mumps
Influenza C
Influenza A
E.
594.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
595.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
596.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
597.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
598.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
599.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
600.
Hepatitis B Virus
Vaccines protect us against dangerous viral diseases by training the body to recognize and destroy
specific invading viruses.Vaccinez contain:
weakened or dead versions of a dangerous virus.
antibiotics
human white blood cells.
medicines that cure the symptoms of viral diseases.
DNA of virus
If you had a phage suspension in a test tube, which of the following techniques would you use to
determine the number of viruses in the tube?
spectrophotometric analysis
count from electron micrographs
light microscopy and a counting chamber
most probable number
plaque assay
Staphylococcus aureus is easily transmitted within the hospital environment. Which feature of this
bacterium is most largely responsible for its ease of spread?
none of the above
Ability to colonize the upper respiratory tract.
Ability to colonize the digestive tract.
Presence of an outer membrane impermeable to most disinfectants.Production of extracellular
polysaccharide which allows it to adhere tightly to surfaces.
Ability to form spores which are resistant to disinfectants and easily dispersed.
Bacteroides fragilis is isolated from an abdominal abscess. Which phrase is the most appropriate?
Other species of bacteria are also often present.
Initiated by ingestion of spores.
Can be successfully treated with aminoglycosides alone.
Contracted by the respiratory route.
Sexually-transmitted.
An old woman has a urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. By what route are such infections most
commonly acquired?
Fecal-oral route, followed by colonization of the intestine and then the perineum.
Respiratory route, followed by spread from the oro-pharyngeal region
Respiratory route, followed by spread from the anterior nares
Intestinal infection, followed by spread of bacteria to the urethra via the bloodstream.
E. coli spreads from skin
A child at-risk for Tetanus is treated with Tetanus immune globulin (human). What is a major
advantage of this method for immunization over the use of Tetanus toxoid?
Poses a reduced risk of serum sickness.
Provides longer-lasting immunity
Provides protection more rapidly.
Results in higher antibody titer.
Also provides secretory IgA for mucosal immunity.
A 20-year-old student has a deep laceration. He received the standard four-doses of DiphtheriaPertussis-Tetanus immunizations in infancy, and a booster at age 5, but has had no anti-Tetanus
immunization since. Which of the following would it be most appropriate to administer?
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
601.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
602.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
603.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
604.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
605.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
Tetanus anti-toxin (equine).
Tetanus toxoid.
Tetanus immune globulin (human).
Both Tetanus toxoid and Tetanus immune globulin (human).
Both Tetanus toxoid Tetanus anti-toxin (equine).
Five days ago a 65-year-old woman with a lower urinary tract infection began taking ampicillin. She
now has a fever and severe diarrhea. Of the organisms listed, which one is MOST likely to be the
cause of the diarrhea?
Bacteroides fragilis
Clostridium difficile
Proteus mirabilis
Bordetella pertussis
Vibrio cholerae
A stool sample is plated on standard Endo-agar plates. After overnight incubation some of the
colonies are dark pink in color, others are pale, nearly colorless. What can you conclude about the
bacteria that produced dark-pink colonies?
Gram-positive
Ferment lactose.
Not likely to be ‘normal flora’.
Non-motile.
Produce capsules.
A 35-year-old woman presents with a history of increasing respiratory distress and cough productive
of sputum. Chest X-ray shows evidence of bilateral pneumonia. Cultures of blood and sputum on
Chocolate agar grow out slender Gram-negative rods; cultures on standard sheep blood agar are
negative. Which bacterium is most likely to be the cause of her infection?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae.
Escherichia coli.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
You suspect Chlamydia infection in a sexually-active young woman. Which test would be most
likely to provide results which would confirm this diagnosis?
Agglutination test for anti-cardiolipin antibodies.
PCR test of nucleic acids present in a urine sample.
Test of a blood sample for ‘cold agglutinins”.
Gram-stained smear of discharge from the cervix.
Culture of exudate from the cervix on Thayer-Martin agar.
A 23-year-old medical student had headache and fever one evening. By the next morning she had
become very ill, with high fever, severe headache, and stiff neck. She was admitted to the hospital.
Later that day she developed rash, at first petechial and then purpuric. Gram stain of CSF showed
many white cells and Gram-negative cocci, many in pairs. Which organism is most likely to be the
cause of her infection?
Escherichia coli.
Haemophilus influenzae.
Neisseria meningitidis.
Streptococcus agalactiae.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
606.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
607.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
608.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
609.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
610.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
611.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
A patient with septicemia goes into septic shock. Blood cultures later showed the pathogen to be
Escherichia coli. Which component of the bacteria was most likely to have produced shock?
Capsular polysaccharide.
Teichoic acid.
A superantigen toxin.
Lipopolysaccharide [LPS].
Plasma membrane lipids.
A patient has cellulitis of the left arm, persistent fever, and a heart murmur. He is a habitual user of
illegal drugs, which he self-administers intravenously. An echocardiogram shows a bacterial
vegetation on the aortic valve. Three blood cultures all grow an alpha-hemolytic Gram-positive
coccus, catalasenegative. Which organism is most likely to have caused his infection?
Streptococcus pyogenes [Group A].
Streptococcus agalactiae [Group B].
Streptococcus bovis [Group D].
Staphylococcus aureus.
A Viridans-group Streptococcus.
A sexually-active woman develops a urinary tract infection which ascends to the kidneys. Blood
culture yields a ?-hemolytic Gram-negative rod. In this situation, which pathogen is most common?
Escherichia coli.
Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Salmonella enteritidis.
Serratia marcescens.
A child has got a “cold” which progresses to severe pharyngitis. Pharyngeal exudate forms a tough
‘membrane’, difficult to remove without causing bleeding. Culture of a throat swab on selective
tellurite agar produces black colonies.Which microorganism does have caus this infection?
Corynebacterium xerosis
Bordetella pertussis.
Candida albicans.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Mycobacterium avium/intracellulare.
A patient has rapidly spreading soft-tissue infection with gas in infected tissue. Fluid from a blister
contains many large Gram-positive rods which grow on sheep blood agar anaerobically but not
aerobically. Which pathogen is most consistent with these findings?
Bacillus anthracis.
Bacillus cereus.
Clostridium difficile.
Clostridium perfringens.
Listeria monocytogenes.
Untreated pharyngitis produced by Group A streptococci can result in later development of Acute
rheumatic fever, created by cross-reaction of anti-streptococcal antibodies with heart tissue. Which
streptococcal antigen stimulates formation of these cross-reactive antibodies?
Group A carbohydrate.
Flagella.
M protein
Peptidoglycan.
E.
612.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
613.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
614.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
615.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
616.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
617.
A.
B.
C.
Teichoic acid.
A child is diagnosed with Pertussis. How was this infection most likely to have been acquired?
Bite of a dog or cat.
Consumption of dairy products made from unpasteurized milk
Contact with livestock or animal products such as leather or wool.
Inhalation of respiratory droplets of another human being.
Release of oral flora into the bloodstream by dental work
A mother is worried that the child may have contracted Lyme disease. Which finding would most
strongly suggest that she is correct?
A disseminated rash, with small papular erythematous lesions.
An ulcer and edema at the site of the tick bite.
A lesion at the site of the tick bite that develops a thick, black, crusted, scab.
A “bull’s-eye” lesion with erythematous periphery and central clearing.
A sparse red macular rash, on the palms and soles only.
A 25-year-old female presented with a three-day history of fever, headache and a non-productive
cough. X-rays show bilateral diffuse lung infiltrates. Culture of a throat swab (on sheep blood and
chocolate agars) revealed only “normal oral flora”. Penicillin G was prescribed and the patient sent
home. Her illness did not respond to this antibiotic. She was then successfully treated with
erythromycin. Which organism is most likely to have caused her illness?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Haemophilus influenzae.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Streptococcus pyogenes.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
A patient has a positive Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test for ‘non-treponemal antibodies’. A test for
specific anti-treponemal antibodies is positive but the patient has no rash, genital lesions,
inflammation, or discharge. Which conclusion best follows from these findings
The patient does not require antibiotic treatment; absence of symptoms indicates that the positive
RPR is a ‘biological false positive”.
The patient has Syphilis, but does not require antibiotic treatment, because infections with
The patient has Syphilis, but the diagnosis should be confirmed by culture before antibiotic
The patient has Syphilis, and should be treated with Penicillin G
none of the above
A vacationer has “Traveler’s diarrhea” produced by enterotoxigenic E. coli. His profuse watery
diarrhea is produced by a protein exotoxin secreted by this bacterium. Which statement below best
describes the effect of this exotoxin?
Kills enterocytes and produces ulceration and inflammation.
Paralyzes phagocytosis by neutrophils.
Blocks adsorption of nutrients by enterocytes.Stimulates ion transport by enterocytes into the
intestinal lumen.
Blocks adsorption of nutrients by enterocytes.
Causes rearrangement of the enterocyte cytoskeleton and disappearance of the brush border.
The severe diarrhea of cholera is produced by a protein exotoxin that acts on enterocytes. Which
statement below best describes the effect of Cholera toxin?
Alters the actin cytoskeleton.
Inactivates ribosomes.
Proteolytic cleavage of a specific cellular protein.
D. *
E.
618.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
619.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
620.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
621.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
622.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
623.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Stimulates adenyl cyclase.
Stimulates guanyl cyclase.
A medical student with a three-week history of respiratory illness is treated with erythromycin [a
macrolide]. Which phrase best describes the process inhibited by this drug?
Transcription by bacterial RNA polymerase.
Supercoiling of bacterial DNA.
Cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
Polymerization of peptidoglycan.
Peptide bond formation by bacterial ribosomes.
An elderly resident of a nursing home develops pneumococcal pneumonia. This illness might have
been prevented had the patient been immunized against this organism. Which antigens of S.
pneumoniae are included in the adult vaccine?
M-proteins.
Intact heat-killed bacteria.
Capsular polysaccharides.
Cell-associated (C) carbohydrates.
Toxoids produced from superantigen toxins.
Before the advent of immunization, outbreaks of meningococcal disease were frequent in military
camps. A factor in development of such outbreaks is the ability of Neisseria meningitidis to establish
an asymptomatic ‘carrier state’. What is the predominant site of carriage of Neisseria?
Urethral epithelium.
Gall bladder.
Large intestine.
Nasopharynx.
Meninges and choroid plexus
An infant is brought to the emergency room, cyanotic and with poor muscle tone.
Antibiotic-associated colitis.
Diphtheria.
Anthrax.
Botulism.
Tetanus.
In August, a young man presents with a history of fever for 1 week and a red rash which extends to
the palms and soles. IgM titer to Rickettsia rickettsii is 1:640. which vector of this infection was
From?
Dog tick.
Mosquito of the genus Anopheles.
Blood-sucking sandfly.
Human body louse.
Flea.
In a patient with systemic febrile illness, which item in the history would indicate the highest risk for
Brucella infection?
Contact with livestock or animal products.
Recent travel to China.
Chronic cardiopulmonary disease.
Age less than two years.
Drinking unpurified water from a river or stream.
624.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
625.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
626.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
627.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
628.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
629.
A.
B.
C.
A patient becomes infected with Salmonella enterica serotype typhi. Which condition would most
strongly favor development of a “chronic carrier state” with this organism?
Age over 70 years.
Infection via the respiratory route.
Gallstones.
Kidney stones.
Chronic pulmonary disease.
A patient has an abscess from which Bacterioides fragilis is isolated. Which condition is most likely
to have facilitated infection by this organism?
Treatment with trimethoprim/sulfa.
Tissue ischemia.
Presence of neutrophils.
Antibiotic treatment for another bacterial infection.
Colonization of the large intestine with spores of this organism.
A patient develops pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The predominant virulence
factor of this organism is a thick capsule . Which phrase best describes the role of this capsule in
virulence?
Aids in acquisition of iron.
Toxic to lung epithelial cells
Identical to human polysaccharide, so is non-immunogenic.
Reduces phagocytosis by neutrophils.
Inhibits activation of Complement.
A patient has a peptic ulcer. Which organism is most likely to have created this lesion?
Campylobacter jejuni.
Enterococcus faecalis.
Escherichia coli.
Helicobacter pylori
Salmonella enteritidis.
A 50-year-old woman was treated for cystitis [caused by E. coli] with an oral broad-spectrum
antibiotic. Three weeks later she developed abdominal pain and diarrhea. A stained smear of stool
contained many neutrophils. Cultures for bacterial pathogens were negative. A serological test of
stool for Clostridium difficile toxin was positive. Which of the following is most likely to have been
the immediately predisposing cause of this patient’s C. difficile infection?
Colonization of her large intestine by antibiotic-resistant E. coli.
Alteration of her intestinal flora by antibiotic treatment.
none of the above
An allergic response to her antibiotic treatment.Acquisition of an antibiotic-resistance plasmid (RFactor) by C. difficile.
Acquisition of an antibiotic-resistance plasmid (R-Factor) by C. difficile.
An 8-year-old boy living in a wooded area of Virginia suddenly developed fever, headache, and
myalgia. On physical exam, a rash was noted on his limbs and trunk. Lesions of the rash were red
and a few mm in diameter. No organisms were isolated from several blood cultures. The child was
treated with tetracycline and recovered. Serological tests of acute and convalescent serum samples
from the child are most likely to reveal an increase in antibody titer to...
Borrelia burgdorferi
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Franciscella tularensis
D.
E. *
630.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
631.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
632.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
633.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
634.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
Yersinia pestis.
Rickettsia rickettsii
A 13-year old boy develops pain and marked (10 cm.) swelling in his right inguinal lymph node
accompanied by fever of 104oF. He and his family have just returned from a vacation trip to Arizona
and New Mexico. Aspirate from the node contains Gram-negative rods. A direct immunofluorescent
assay on the aspirate provides a definitive diagnosis. The child is (successfully) treated with
streptomycin, and the aspirate is sent for culture to the CDC. Culture yields pale colonies on
MacConkey agar. What is the most probable pathogen?
Yersinia pestis.
Helicobacteri pylori.
Franciscella tularensis
Coxiella burnetii
Klebsiella pneumoniae
A 15-year-old female presented with a three-day history of fever, headache and a non-productive
cough. Penicillin was prescribed and the patient was sent home. Her illness did not respond to this
antibiotic. Gram stain and culture of the patient's sputum and a throat swab revealed only 'normal oral
flora'. She was then successfully treated with erythromycin. Which organism below is most likely to
have caused her illness?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Haemophilus influenzae.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Which organism below, if present in only one of three blood cultures from a single patient, is most
likely to represent contamination caused by poor antiseptic technique, rather than genuine infection?
Escherichia coli.
Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Haemophilus influenzae
An 81-year-old man with chronic emphysemea and hypertension develops fever, chills, and
respiratory distress. X-rays show lobar pneumonia. Sputum smear contains numerous Gram-positive
cocci, many of which are in pairs. Sputum culture on Sheep blood agar produces many colonies of an
alpha-hemolytic Gram-positive coccus. It is catalase-negative, Bile-esculin negative, and optochinsensitive. Which of the organisms below is most likely?
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
Streptococcus mitis
Streptococcus bovis (Group D)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
A post-surgical patient develops redness around the incision and a day later pus begins to ooze from
the wound. Culture of a swab of pus produces beta-hemolytic colonies on Sheep blood agar. Gram
stain shows that the bacteria are Gram-positive cocci. Catalase and coagulase tests are positive.
Which of the following organisms is most likely?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus mitis
Staphylococcus aureus
E.
635.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
636.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
637.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
638.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
639.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Vacationer develops watery diarrhea but not chills or fever. In this setting which of the following
pathogens is the most common?
Salmonella enterica
Escherichia coli
Campylobacter jejuni
Helicobacter pylori
Staphylococcus aureus
A young woman develops urgency, frequency, and dysuria. Two days later she develops fever, chills,
and costovertebral angle tenderness. Tests of urine for leukocyte esterase and nitrate reductase are
positive. Urine culture yields a beta-hemolytic Gram-negative rod which forms dark-pink colonies on
MacConkey agar. Which of the following organisms is most likely?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiellla pneumoniae
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Enterobacter, spp.
A child develops a "cold" which progresses to severe pharyngitis. Pharyngeal exudate forms a tough
'membrane', difficult to remove without causing bleeding. Culture of a throat swab on selective
tellurite agar produces abundant black colonies. Other cultures produce only normal flora. Which
organism below is most likely to have caused this infection?
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Haemophilus influenzae.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Bordetella pertussis.
Mycobacterium avium/intracellulare.
A burn patient develops infection of the burn wound. Culture of exudate on Brain-Heart Infusion
agar produces numerous green-pigmented colonies of a Gram-negative rod. The organism grows well
aerobically on standard media but shows no evidence of acid production on differential media such as
MacConkey, Hektoen Enteric, or Triple-Sugar-Iron agars.
Bacteroides fragilis
Campylobacter fetus
Eschericahia coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Citrobacter spp.
A young man develops peritonitis following abdominal trauma. During surgery foul-smelling
purulent material is aspirated from the infected area. Gram stain of this material contains a mixture of
Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive rods, and many Gram-negative rods. Aerobic culture on sheep
blood agar yields many colonies of enterococci and a few colonies of E. coli; culture on MacConkey
agar produces only E. coli. Anaerobic culture on sheep blood agar produces a few colonies of betahemolytic Gram-positive rods and many colonies of slender Gram-negative rods.
Salmonella typhi
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium perfringens
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacteroides fragilis
640.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
641.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
642.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
643.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
644.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
645.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
An outbreak of sepsis caused by Staphylococcus aureus has occurred in the newborn nursery. You
are called upon to investigate. According to your knowledge of the normal flora, what is the MOST
likely source of the organism?
Colon
Nose
Throat
Vagina
All answers are right
A 75-year-old man reports malaise, headache, and fever. On examination his neck is stiff. Gram stain
of CSF reveals neutrophils and numerous Gram-negative cocci, many in pairs.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
Your patient is a 30-year-old woman with nonbloody diarrhea for the past 14 hours. Which one of the
following organisms is LEAST likely to cause this illness?
Clostridium difficile
Streptococcus pyogenes
Shigella dysenteriae
Salmonella enteritidis
All answers are right
A 50-year-old man has a fever and is coughing up. The patient has contacted with pigeons. Which
one of the following microorganism is MOST likely to be the cause?
Listeria monocytogenes
Clostridium perfringens
Peptostreptococcus intermedins
Chlamydia psittaci
Fusobacterium nucleatum
A group of medical students developed nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping a few hours after
eating sandwiches and potato salad at the school cafeteria. They had no diarrhea. By the next
morning they were fatigued but recovered.
Salmonella typhi
Borrelia burgdorferi
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Staphylococcus aureus
A 19-year-old man comes to clinic purulent urethral discharge . On Gram-stain of the discharge huge
numbers of neutrophils are seen, a few of which contain intracellular Gram-negative cocci. Many of
the cocci are in pairs. What is the most likely organism?
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Haemophilus ducreyi.
Mycoplasma hominis
Treponema pallidum.
646.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
647.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
648.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
649.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
650.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
651.
A.
B.
A culture of skin lesions from a patient with pyoderma (impetigo) shows numerous colonies surrounded by a zone of beta hemolysis on a blood agar plate. A Gram-stained smear shows grampositive cocci in chain. If you found the catalase test to be negative, which one of the following
organisms would you MOST probably have isolated?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
All answers are right
Your patient is a 70-year-old man who underwent bowel surgery for colon cancer 3 days ago. He
now has a fever and abdominal pain. You are concerned that he may have peritonitis. Which one of
the following pairs of organisms is MOST likely to be the cause?
Bacteroides fragilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Bordetella pertussis and Salmonella enteritidis
Actinomyces israelii and Campylobacter jejuni
Clostridium botulinum and Shigella dysenteriae
Salmonella typhimuruim and Shigella boydii
A 65-year-old man develops dysuria and hematuria. A Gram stain of a urine sample shows gramnegative rods. Culture of the urine on EMB agar reveals lactose-negative colonies with out evidence
of swarming motility. Which one of the following organisms is MOST likely to be the cause of his
urinary tract infection?
Enterococcusfaecalis
Proteus vulgaris
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus epidermidis
A 25-year-old man complains of a urethral discharge. You perform a Gram stain on a specimen of
the discharge and see neutrophils but no bacteria. Of the organisms listed, the one MOST likely to
cause the discharge is
Treponema pallidum
Chlamydia trachomatis
Candida albicans
Coxiella burnetii
Neisseria gonorrheae
Two hours after a delicious Thanksgiving dinner of barley soup, roast turkey, stuffing, sweet potato,
green beans, cranberry sauce, and pump kin pie topped with whipped cream, the Smith family of four
experience vomiting and diarrhea. Which one of the following organisms is MOST likely to cause
these symptoms?
Shigella flexneri
Helicobacter pylori
Campylobacter jejuni
Salmonella enteritidis
Vibrio cholerae
A patient had abdominal pain. Doctor suspects gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori. What below
used to confirm diagnosis?
Sputum culture.
Blood culture on special selective medium.
C. *
D.
E.
652.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
653.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
654.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
655.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
656.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
657.
A.
B.
Conversion of 14C-labeled urea to carbon dioxide.
Measurement of urea concentration in exhaled breath.
Measurement of urea concentration in a stool sample.
A man suffers many month from gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori. Of the tests below, which
would it be best to order, to confirm your diagnosis?
Measurement of urea concentration in a stool sample.
Blood culture on special selective medium.
Sputum culture.
Measurement of urea concentration in exhaled breath.
Conversion of 14C-labeled urea to carbon dioxide.
Epidemiologists (using the Kauffman-White classification) report that an outbreak has been caused
by Salmonella enterica, serotype Newport. Structure of which pair of antigens determined the
serotype as Newport?
Flagella and O-antigen.
. Peptidoglycan and teichoic acid.
Heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins.
Pili and capsular polysaccharide.
Hemolysin and cell-wall-associated carbohydrate
Bacteriologists (using the Kauffman-White classification) made conclusion that outbreak has been
caused by Salmonella enterica, serotype Anatum. Structure of which pair of antigens determined the
serotype as Anatum?
Heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins.
Peptidoglycan and teichoic acid.
Flagella and O-antigen.
Pili and capsular polysaccharide.
Hemolysin and cell-wall-associated carbohydrate.
A patient with a bacterial infection is treated with a bacteriostatic inhibitor of 70S ribosomes.Which
drug below best fits this description?
Rifampin.
A fluoroquinolone.
Tetracycline.
An aminoglycoside.
Erythromycin.
The young man was injuring in car accident. The affected area of the leg is painful, red, and swollen.
During the next 12 hours the swelling increases markedly, the skin of the leg becomes discolored,
and fluid-filled blisters appear on the skin. Gram stain of fluid aspirated from a blister reveals large
Gram-positive rods. Which organism below is most likely to have caused this infection?
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens.
Clostridium tetani.
Listeria monocytogenes
Clostridium difficile.
A patient has sat pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).Doctor suspected that it is caused by Chlamydia
trachomatis. what test be used to which useto confirm C. trachomatis?
Culture of urine on broth-based agar at 20?C.
Culture of cervical exudate on chocolate agar in elevated CO2.
C.
D.
E. *
658.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
659.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
660.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
661.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
662.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
663.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
Microscopic examination of a stained smear of peripheral blood.
Gram stain of exudate from the cervix.
PCR-based nucleic-acid amplification test of a cervical swab.
An HIV-positive patient develops mycobacterial infection. Two likely possibilities are
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. How would these bacteria be
best distinguished in the laboratory?
Nucleic acid from one hybridizes to a specific DNA probe, nucleic acid from the other does not.
One is a rod, the other is a coccus.
One grows on Jensen-Lowenstein agar, the other does not
One grows in the BACTEC system, the other does not.
One is Gram-positive, the other is acid-fast.
A patient with upper respiratory disease is observed to have a thick grey ‘pseudomembrane’ lining
the upper respiratory tract. Which organism below is most likely in this case?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Legionella pneumophilia.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nocardia asteroids
A listless child with extremely poor muscle tone is brought to the Hospital. Which condition is most
likely, given this presentation?
Lyme Disease
Tetanus
Botulism
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rheumatic fever
A patient has a large carbuncles you suspect is caused by Bacillus anthracis. In this case, which of the
following would you expect to see in a Gram-stained smear of pus from the carbuncles?
Slender spirochetes.
Small Gram-positive cocci, in pairs.
Gram-negative rods of variable length.
Large Gram-positive rods.
Gram-negative coccobacilli.
A young man has urethritis. Titer of Complement-fixing (CF) antibody to Chlamydia trachomatis, in
a serum sample taken on the day on which treatment was initiated, is 1:64. A second CF titer, taken
two weeks later, is 1:640. Which conclusion below best follows from the antibody titers?
The patient’s urethritis was caused by C. trachomatis
Although the patient’s condition may appear to be improving, in fact his infection is getting worse.
The patient is not infected with C. trachomatis.
The patient has made a Type I hypersensitivity response to C. trachomatis antigens.
The patient’s C. trachomatis isolate was resistant to tetracyclines
You suspect that a patient’s respiratory illness may be due to infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
If this is true, which antibiotic below should you expect to be most effective?
Penicillin G.
Erythromycin.
Vancomycin.
A third-generation cephalosporin.
E.
664.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
665.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
666.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
667.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
668.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
669.
A.
An ‘extended-spectrum’ penicillin.
A young man complaines on pain on urination and profuse purulent discharge from his urethral
opening. Gram stain of the discharge revealed large numbers Gram-negative cocci, mostly in pairs
within neutrophils. Which bacterium is most likely to have caused his infection?
Mycoplasma hominis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Treponema pallidum
Members of a family suffer acute attacks of nausea and vomiting a few hours after returning from a
daylong picnic, at which they ate hamburgers, potato salad, and custard pie. By morning all are
feeling better. Which bacterial toxin is most likely to have caused their symptoms?
Clostridium difficile Cytotoxin.
Escherichia coli Labile Toxin
Escherichia coli Stable Toxin.
Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin.
Helicobacteri pylori Cytotoxin.
A mother brings her 12-year-old son to your office because he has a skin lesion on his back. It is 20
cm in diameter, with a red inflamed border and a red center, with a paler ring between the red areas.
The mother says it has expanded rapidly over the last few days. Which of the following would be
most likely to cause such a lesion?
Rickettsia rickettsii
Treponema pallidum
Borrelia burgdorferi
Chlamydia psittaci
Streptococcus pyogenes
A young man has a large pus-filled abscess on his upper arm but does not go to a doctor. Several
days later he is brought to the Emergency Room with fever, hypotension, and multiple organ failure.
Which of the following is most likely to be responsible?
Streptococcus pyogenes Erythrogenic toxin.
Clostridium perfringens ?-toxin.
Staphylococcus aureus Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1.
Shigella dysenteriae Shiga Toxin.
Escherichia coli Heat-labile Toxin (ST).
A nine years-old child develops high fever and stiff neck. A spinal tap is performed. A Gram-stained
smear of cerebrospinal fluid reveals many neutrophils and Gram-negative cocci that resemble paired
kidney beans within leucocytes. Which organism below is most likely to have caused this infection?
Escherichia coli
Haemophilus influenzae
Listeria monocytogenes
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus agalactiae
A child develops ‘strep throat’ (pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes). The pediatrician
explains to the child’s mother that the pharyngitis normally resolves spontaneously but nevertheless it
is important the patient take a full course of Penicillin G. Why is this antibiotic treatment
recommended in this situation?
Shortens the course of the infection.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
670.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
671.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
672.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
673.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
674.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
675.
Prevents spread of the infection to adjacent sites.
Prevents sequellae such as acute rheumatic fever.
Stimulates development of protective immunity
Prevents spread of the infection to others.
A patient has endocarditis produced by an a-hemolytic Streptococcus. This usually reflects spread of
normal flora to the bloodstream. From which site is this isolate most likely to have spread?
Anterior nares.
Facial skin.
Lower respiratory tract.
Distal urethra.
Oropharynx.
An elderly man develops pneumonia and septicemia. Gram stain of sputum contains many
neutrophils and Gram-positive cocci, in pairs. Blood and sputum cultures grow out a Gram-positive
coccus, alpha-hemolytic on sheep blood agar, and catalase-negative. Which organism below is most
likely?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pyogenes
A 17-year-old sexually-active male presents with a four-day history of pain on urination and profuse
purulent discharge from his urethral opening. Gram stain of the discharge revealed large numbers of
neutrophils. A small fraction of neutrophils contained Gram-negative cocci, mostly in pairs. Which
bacterium is most likely to have caused his infection?
Mycoplasma hominis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Treponema pallidum
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
In October a young man comes to your office with two ulcers on his right hand. His history includes
the fact that he is an avid hunter, and has been rabbit hunting in southern New Jersey every weekend
for the last several months. Which organism should his hobby cause you to add to the list of possible
causes of his illness?
Yersinia pestis.
Coxiella burnetii.
Listeria monocytogenes.
A member of the genus Brucella.
Francisella tularensis.
Bacteroides fragilis is isolated from an operative wound. Which sentence below best describes such
infection?
Can be successfully treated with aminoglycosides alone
Initiated by ingestion of spores.
Can be successfully treated with metronidazole alone.
Contracted by the respiratory route.
Sexually-transmitted.
Residents of an assisted-living facility are immunized against Streptococcus pneumoniae. What is the
antigenic component of the vaccine?
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
676.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
677.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
678.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
679.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
680.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
A protein toxoid.
Killed whole bacteria.
Purified toxin.
Purified capsular polysaccharides.
Live bacteria of attenuated virulence
In the upper respiratory tract of patient doctor observed thick grey ‘pseudomembrane’ formation.
Which organism can cause this symptoms?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Legionella pneumophilia.
Streptococcus mitis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A post-surgical patient develops fever and there is redness and swelling around the surgical incision.
A day later pus begins to flow from the incision; Gram stain of pus shows large numbers of
neutrophils and many Gram-positive cocci, some in clusters. The organism is beta-hemolytic on
blood agar, and is coagulase- and catalase-positive.Which organism is most likely?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A)
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
A five-day-old child develops high fever and stiff neck. A spinal tap is performed. A Gram-stained
smear of cerebrospinal fluid reveals many neutrophils and short, thick, Gram-negative rods of
uniform length. This microbes can ferment lactose.Which organism below is most likely to have
caused this infection?
Escherichia coli
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus agalactiae
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
After Gram stain of spinal fluid sample from a patient with meningitis Medical personal during
microscopy examination detected Gram-negative cocci, many in pairs. Which organism below is
most probable?
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
A patient presented with upper back pain. MRI imaging demonstrated inflammation of the T8-T9
vertebral bodies consistent with osteomyelitis. A bone marrow biopsy, when cultured, produced
colonies of Gram-positive cocci.Colonies on Sheep blood agar were 3-4 mm in diameter, off-white
and beta-hemolytic. Colonies on Brain-heart infusion (BHI) agar were 2-3 mm in diameter and
golden-yellow. Catalase and coagulase tests were positive.
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumoniae
E.
681.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
682.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
683.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
684.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
685.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
686.
A.
Streptococcus mitis
A 20-year-old women presents at a local clinic with fever and abdominal tenderness. She reports
having had unprotected sexual intercourse a few weeks earlier. Gram-negative diplococci are seen in
a Gram stain of vaginal secretions; many of the bacteria are inside polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Which virulence factor is most important in aiding this bacterium to initiate infection?
Ability to invade cells.
Adhesive pili.
Anti-phagocytic capsule.
Endotoxin.
Flagella.
Encapsulated strains of Neisseria meningitidis are more virulent than non-encapsulated isolates.
How does a capsule enhance virulence?
Binds to the Fc region of some subclasses of human IgG.
Prevents activation of complement by the classical pathway.
Enables bacteria to adhere tightly to mammalian cells.
Reduces access of antibiotics to the bacterial membrane.
Inhibits phagocytosis by neutrophils
Before the advent of immunization, outbreaks of meningococcal disease were frequent in military
camps. A factor in development of such outbreaks is the ability of Neisseria meningitidis to establish
an asymptomatic 'carrier state'. What is the predominant site of carriage of meningococci?
Urethral epithelium.
Gall bladder.
Nasopharynx.
Large intestine.
Meninges and choroid plexus.
A 23-year-old medical student had headache and fever one evening. By the next morning she had
become very ill, with high fever, severe headache, and stiff neck. She was admitted to the hospital.
Later that day she developed rash, first petechial and then pupuric. Her white count was 26,000/ull,
with 80% neutrophils and 10% 'bands'. Gram stain ofCSF showed many white cells and numerous
bacteria. If the pathogen is Neisseria meningitidis, how would you
Gram-positive cocci, many in pairs.
Gram-positive cocci, many in clusters.
Isolated Gram-positive cocci.
Gram-negative cocci, many in pairs.
Gram-negative cocci, many in clusters.
A patient with septicemia goes into septic shock. Blood cultures later show the pathogen to be
Neisseria meningitidis. Which component of the bacteria was most likely to be responsible for
producing shock?
Lipopolysaccharide [LPS].
Teichoic acid.
A superantigen toxin.
Capsular polysaccharide.
Plasma membrane lipids.
A stool sample is plated on standard MacConkey-agar plates. After overnight incubation some of the
colonies are dark pink in color, others are pale, nearly colorless. What can you conclude about the
bacteria that produced dark- pink colonies?
Gram-positive.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
687.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
688.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
689.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
690.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
691.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
Ferment lactose.
Not likely to be 'normal flora'.
Non-motile.
Produce capsules.
An engineer recently returned from visiting his family in India develops severe diarrhea. He in fact
has cholera. His diarrhea is produced by a protein exotoxin secreted by Vibrio cholerae. How does
this toxin act?
ADP-ribosylates a chloride transporter.
Inhibits a G protein that inhibits adenyl cyclase.
Stimulates a G protein that activates adenyl cyclase.
Stimulates guanyl cyclase.
Inhibits guanyl cyclase.
A vacationing couple both develop severe watery diarrhea which lasts three days.
Shigella sonnei.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Salmonella typhi.
Campylobacter jejuni.
Escherichia coli.
During a vacation at a Caribbean resort, a 26-year-old executive develops profuse watery diarrhea. If
his illness is produced by E. coli, which virulence factor of this organism is most likely to be
responsible for the diarrhea?
A conjugative plasmid that contains antibiotic-resistance transposons.
A plasmid-borne gene which encodes a heat-stable peptide toxin that stimulates guanyl cyclase.
A pathogenicity island which enables E. coli to invade mammalian cells.
A toxin that cleaves ribosomal RNA's.
An iron-transport system more efficient than that present in non-pathogenic E. coli.
Several medical students go to Cancun over spring break. One evening, at a local bar, they drink
several pitchers of Margaritas made with crushed ice. They spend the next two days in their hotel
room with severe watery diarrhea, but no chills or fever. By the third day they recover completely.
Which organism is most likely to have been the cause of their illness?
Non-typhoidal Salmonella.
Helicobacter pylori.
Campylobacter jejuni.
Enterotoxigenic E. coli.
Non-cholera Vibrio.
A sexually-active woman develops a urinary tract infection which ascends to the kidneys
(pyelonephritis). Blood culture yields a beta-hemolytic Gram-negative rod. In this situation, which
pathogen below is most common?
Salmonella enteritidis.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Serratia marcescens.
Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Escherichia coli.
692.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
693.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
694.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
695.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
696.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
697.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
698.
23-year-old woman comes to your office because, for 3 days, she has experienced burning with
urination, increased frequency of urination, and a continual feeling that she needs to urinate. She does
not have vaginal discharge, fever, or flank pain. Rapid 'dipstick' urine tests are consistent with
uncomplicated cystitis. Culture of urine on standard media produces a lactose-fermenting Gramnegative rod.In situations such as this, what is the most likely pathogen?
Enterobacter faecium
Escherichia coli
Proteus vulgaris
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A young child develops bloody diarrhea, produced by Shigella infection. How had he gotten
sicrness&
Cow, horse, or sheep.
Rare hamburger.
Dog or cat.
Another sick child.
Spores present in soil.
A patient becomes infected with Salmonella enterica serotype typhi. Which condition would most
strongly favor development of a "chronic carrier state" with this organism?
Age over 70 years.
Infection via the respiratory route.
Presence of gallstones.
Presence of kidney stones.
Chronic pulmonary disease.
A patient has chronic gastritis. Which of the following organisms is most likely?
A non-cholera Vibrio.
Helicobacter pylori.
Campylobacter fetus.
Campylobacter jejuni.
Escherichia coli.
Gastroscopy reveals that a patient with stomach pain has a large ulceration of his gastric mucosa.
During the procedure a biopsy of the stomach epithelium is obtained.
Curved or spiral bacteria are seen in the biopsy after silver staining.
Biopsy shows infiltration of gastric epithelium by lymphocytes.
pH of stomach fluid is equal to 1 (normal), rather than decreased.
Ingested isotope-labeled nitrate is converted to nitrite in the stomach.
Bacteria are found in stomach fluid, but not in contact with the gastric epithelium
A patient with systemic febrile illness is found to have an infection with Brucella abortus. Which
item in his history represents a known risk factor for such infections?
Recently visited Grand Canyon National Park.
Keeps numerous pet reptiles including two pythons and an alligator.
Has two young children who attend day care.
Works as a butcher for a supermarket chain.
Has an acquarium at home, with numerous tropical fish.
In Europe human Tetanus is now a rare disease. Which measure below has been most important in
preventing it?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
699.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
700.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
701.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
702.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
703.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
Immunization of humans with a toxoid-containing vaccine.
Eradication of the organism from the environment.
Vaccination of livestock, especially cattle, with a killed-organism vaccine
Sewage treatment and purification of water supplies.
Antibiotic treatment of contacts of patients with C. tetani infections.
A 61-year-old diabetic man is admitted to the hospital for severe pain in his right leg; the diagnosis is
obstruction of the femoral artery. The affected area of the leg is painful, red, and swollen. During the
next 12 hours the swelling increases markedly, the skin of the leg becomes discolored, and fluidfilled blisters appear on the skin. Gram stain of fluid aspirated from a blister reveals large Grampositive rods. Which organism below is most likely to have caused this infection?
Clostridium botulinum.
Clostridium difficile.
Clostridium perfringens.
Clostridium tetani.
Listeria monocytogenes
16-year-old boy has a skin lesion on his back. It is 20 cm in diameter, with a red inflamed border and
a red center, with a paler ring between the red areas. He says it has expanded rapidly over the last few
days after tick bite. Which of the following would be most likely to cause such a lesion?
Rickettsia rickettsii
Borrelia burgdorferi
Treponema pallidum
Chlamydia psittaci
Streptococcus pyogenes
Five young men suffer acute attacks of nausea and vomiting a few hours after returning from a
student’s party, at which they ate hamburgers, potato salad, and custard pie. By morning all are
feeling better. Which bacterial toxin is most likely to have caused their symptoms?
Helicobacteri pylori Cytotoxin.
Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin.
Escherichia coli Labile Toxin
Escherichia coli Stable Toxin.
Clostridium difficile Cytotoxin.
A patient with Cystic fibrosis develops pneumonia. A Gram-negative rod is cultured from her
respiratory tract. On nutrient-poor media it grows well and secretes large amounts of bright green
pigment. It produces acid from none of the sugars on which it was tested (including lactose and
sucrose). Which organism below is most appropriate?
. Shigella sonnei
Salmonella typhi
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
A 25-year-old woman presents with a swollen, warm, painful knee. Aspirated joint fluid is cloudy
and when cultured on chocolate agar gives rise to oxidase-positive colonies of Gram-negative
diplococci. Which bacterium is most likely to be the cause of this infection?
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Nocardia asteroides
704.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
705.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
706.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
707.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
708.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
709.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
In cervical specimens of 21-year-old woman presents gram-negative diplococci within leucocytes.
Which bacterium is most likely to be the cause of this infection?
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Nocardia asteroides
You suspect that a patient might have latent Syphilis. Which test below would most reliably detect it?
Physical exam to detect characteristic neurological symptoms
Dark field microscopy of CSF.
Tests for ‘non-treponemal’ and ‘anti-treponemal’ antibodies in serum.
Culture of the organism from blood and CSF.
Gram stain of material from a skin lesion.
An 18-year-old high school student has a large pus-filled lesion on the left forearm, tender, red, and
swollen. It is incised, drained, washed, and bandaged. A smear of the pus is Gram-stained. Many
neutrophils are seen, also many Gram-positive cocci, most in large clusters. The organism is bhemolytic on sheep blood agar. Colonies are pale-yellow, opaque, and shiny, with neat round
outlines. Of the bacteria listed below, which is most likely to have produced the abscess?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus mitis
Enterococcus faecalis
A workman has a large pus-filled red, and swollen lesion on the left forearm. A smear of the pus is
Gram-stained. Many neutrophils are seen, also many Gram-positive cocci, most in large clusters. The
organism is b-hemolytic on sheep blood agar. Colonies are pale-yellow, opaque, and shiny, with neat
round outlines. Of the bacteria listed below, which is most likely to have produced the abscess?
Enterococcus faecalis
Staphilococcus aureus
Streptococcus bovis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus mitis
A cyanotic, listless, infant with extremely poor muscle tone is brought to the Emergency Room.
Which condition is most likely, given this presentation?
Botulism
Tetanus
Lyme Disease
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rheumatic fever
A patient has a blackskin ulcer Doctor suspects that it is caused by Bacillus anthracis. If this
hypothesis is true, which of the following mscroorganisms are in exudate from the wound?
Slender spirochetes.
Small Gram-positive cocci, in pairs.
Large Gram-positive rods.
Gram-negative rods of variable length.
Gram-negative coccobacilli.
710.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
711.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
712.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
713.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
714.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
715.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
As a result of durative antibiotic therapy a 37-year old patient developed intestinal dysbacteriosis.
What type of drugs should be used in order to normalize intestinal microflora?
Eubiotics
Sulfanilamides
Bacteriophages
Autovaccines
Vitamins
Among junior children of an orphanage an outbreak of intestinal infection with signs of colienteritis
was registered. In order to identify isolated causative agent it is necessary to:
Study antigenic properties of the causative agent
To determine sensitivity to antibiotics
To study sensitivity to bacteriophages
To study biochemical properties of the causative agent
To study virulence of the causative agent
Urine examination of a patient with acute cystitis revealed leukocytes and a lot of gram-negative
bacilli. Inoculation resulted in growth of colonies of mucous nature that formed green soluble
pigment. What microorganism is the most probable cause of the disease?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherihia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella enteritidis
A laboratory received a material from a patient's wound. Preliminary diagnosis is gaseous gangrene.
What microbiological method should be applied to determine species of causative agent?
Bacteriological
Allergic
Bacterioscopic
Serological
RIA
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses)
taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza". What quick test will allow to reveal
specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
Direct and indirect fluorescence immunoassay
Hemagglutination inhibition assay
Radioimmunoassay
ELISA
In the surgical department of a hospital there was an outbreak of hospital infection that showed itself
in often postoperative wound abscesses. Bacteriological examination of pus revealed Staphylococcus.
What examination shall be conducted to find out the source of this causative agent among the
department personnel?
Phagotyping
Microscopical examination
Serological identification
Estimation of antibiotic susceptibility
Biochemical identification
716.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
717.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
718.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
719.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
720.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
721.
A. *
A 7 year old child often suffers from streprococcal angina. Doctor suspected development of
rheumatism and administered serological examination. The provisional diagnosis will be most
probably confirmed by presence of antibodies to the following streptococcal antigen:
O-streptolysin
C-carbohydrate
M-protein
Erythrogenic toxin
Capsular polysaccharide
A culture of monkey cells (Vero) and a group of sucking mouse were infected with an inoculum
taken from a child with provisional diagnosis "enterovirus infection". There was no cytopathic effect
on the cell culture but mouse sucking died. What enteric viruses might have caused disease of this
child?
Coxsackie A
Coxsackie B
ECHO virus
Polioviruses
Unclassified enteric viruses 68-71
A patient has been suffering from elevated temperature and attacks of typical cough for 10 days.
Doctor administered inoculation of mucus from the patient's nasopharynx on the agar. What
microorganism is presumed?
Pertussis bacillus
Pfeiffer's bacillus
Listeria
Klebsiella
Staphylococcus
A patient of surgical department complains about pain in the small of her back and in the lower part
of her belly; painful and frequent urination. Bacteriological examination of urine revealed gramnegative oxidase-positive rod-like bacteria forming greenish mucoid colonies with specific smell.
What causative agent can it be?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus mirabilis
E.coli
Str.pyogenes
Mycoplasma pneumonie
A female patient underwent liver transplantation. 1,5 month after it her condition became worse
because of reaction of transplant rejection. What factor of immune system plays the leading part in
this reaction?
T-killers
Interleukin-1
Natural killers
B-lymphocytes
T-helpers
A bacteriological laboratory received sputum sample of a patient suffering from tuberculosis.
Bacterioscopic examination of smears and detection of tuberculosis bacillus can be realized by one of
enrichment methods that involves processing of sputum only with solution of caustic soda. What is
this method called?
Homogenization
B.
C.
D.
E.
722.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
723.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
724.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
725.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
726.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
727.
A. *
Inactivation
Flotation
Filtration
Neutralization
A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a
number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative
of?
Of primary infection
Of a chronic process
The woman is healthy
Of exacerbation of a chronic disease
Of recurring infection with rubella virus
A 65-year-old man has purulent abscess on his neck. Analyses revealed a culture of gram-positive
cocci with plasmocoagulase activity. This culture relates most likely to:
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Material taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza" was referred to a laboratory. For
virological examination the hemadsorption reaction was applied. This reaction can be applied for
detection of the following viruses:
Viruses containing hemagglutinins
All the simple viruses
All the complex viruses
DNA-genomic viruses
Any viruses
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are
visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Botulism clostridia
Diphtheroids
Streptococci
Streptobacilli
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of "white spots" - zones of enamel
demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus salivarius
Streptococcus pyogenes
Veilonella parvula
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberculosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
B.
C.
D.
E.
728.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
729.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
730.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
731.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
732.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
733.
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
TABTe
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo agar
Ploskyrev agar
Sabouraud agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological
laboratory. The material was used for preparing a "hanging drop" specimen. What type of
microscopy will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility?
Phase-contrast microscopy
Electron microscopy
Immune and electron microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Immersion microscopy
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
A patient has a necrotizing phlegmon of his lower extremity. A doctor suspects a gas gangrene.
Microscopy reveals Gram-positive bacilli. In order to confirm the diagnosis further bacteriological
tests should include inoculation of the material into the following nutrient medium:
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Endo agar
Levine agar
Meat-peptone agar
Milk-salt agar
A 26-year-old female patient with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a
causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
Doxycycline
Interferon
BCG vaccine
Ambroxol
Dexamethasone
10 days after having quinsy caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus a 6-year-old child exhibited
symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What mechanism of glomerular lesion is most likely in this case?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
734.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
735.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
736.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
737.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
738.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Immunocomplex
Cellular cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxis
Atopy
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
6 hours after the initial inoculation of water sample into 1% peptone water, the growth of a culture in
form of a thin pellicle on the medium surface was registered. Such cultural properties are typical for
the causative agent of the following disease:
Cholera
Plague
Tuberculosis
Dysentery
Pseudotuberculosis
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
Microbiological studies of air in the pharmacy room revealed the presence of pathogenic
staphylococci. Select the medium in which you can detect the lecithinase activity of the isolated
microorganism:
Yolk-salt agar
Blood agar
Bismuth sulfite agar
Sugar agar
Meat-extract agar
There is a suspicion of active tuberculosis development in patient. The doctor has appointed Mantoux
test to make a diagnosis. What immunobiological agent has to be administered?
Tuberculin
BCG vaccine
DPT vaccine
Tularin
DT vaccine
A young woman suddenly developed fever up to 39oC accompanied by a strong headache.
Examination revealed marked nuchal rigidity. Spinal puncture was performed. Gram-stained smear
of cerebrospinal fluid contained many neutrophils and Gram-negative diplococci. What bacteria
could be the cause of this disease?
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
739.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
740.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
741.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
742.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
743.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
744.
A. *
B.
In a village, a case of anthrax had been registered. Medical services began epidemiologically
indicated specific prophylaxis of population against anthrax. What preparation was used for this
purpose?
Live vaccine
Inactivated vaccine
Chemical vaccine
Genetically engineered vaccine
Anatoxin
A 55-year-old patient with a characteristic rash, fever, dizziness has been admitted to a hospital. He
has been provisionally diagnosed with typhus. No similar cases have been reported. In his youth (15
years old) the patient suffered typhus in a boarding school. What disease is it?
Brill disease
Typhoid fever
Measles
Rubella
Cholera
A patient has severe catarrhal symptoms. Material growth on Bordet-Gengou agar showed mercurydrop like colonies. Examination of the blood smears revealed some small ovoid gram positive bacilli
sized 1-3 microns. What microorganisms were isolated?
Bordetella
Corynebacteria
Mycobacteria
Meningococcus
Brucella
The laboratory for especially dangerous infections conducts microscopic examination of pathological
material from a patient with suspected plague. The sample was stained by Burri-Gins technique.
What property of the causative agent can be identified by this technique?
Capsule formation
Spore formation
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
Presence of volutin granules
A child cut his leg with a piece of glass while playing and was brought to the clinic for the injection
of tetanus toxoid. In order to prevent the development of anaphylactic shock the serum was
administered by Bezredka method. What mechanism underlies this method of desensitization of the
body?
Binding of IgE fixed to the mast cells
Blocking the mediator synthesis in the mast cells
Stimulation of immune tolerance to the antigen
Stimulation of the synthesis of antigenspecific IgG
Binding of IgE receptors to the mast cells
A 32-year-old patient undergoing dental examination was found to have some rash-like lesions
resembling secondary syphilis in the oral cavity. The patient was referred for the serological study
with the purpose of diagnosis confirmation. In order to detect antibodies in the serum, living
Treponema were used as diagnosticum. What serological test was performed?
Immobilization
Neutralization
C.
D.
E.
745.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
746.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
747.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
748.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
749.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
750.
Complement binding
Precipitation
Passive hemagglutination
Examination of a 27-year-old donor who had not donated blood for a long time revealed HBs
antibodies detected by ELISA method. In this case, the positive ELISA results indicate that the
donor:
Had hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis C
Has chronic hepatitis B
Has chronic hepatitis C
In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man
presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of antirabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:
Attenuated
Inactivated
Molecular
Toxoids
Synthetic
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction
based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidise or alkaline
phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological
reaction?
Immune-enzyme analysis
Radioimmunoassay technique
Immunofluorescence test
Bordet-Gengou test
Antigen-binding assay
A 3-year-old child has continuous fever, lymph nodes are enlarged, the amount of lymphocytes in
blood is significantly increased. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed antigen of
Epstein-Barr virus. What diagnosis can be made based on the information given above?
Infectious mononucleosis
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Herpetic lymphadenopathy
Generalized infection caused by
Cytomegalovirus infection
An outbreak of an intestinal infection occurred in a kindergarten on the eve of New Year holidays.
Bacteriological examination of patients’ faeces didn’t reveal any pathogenic bacteria.
Electronmicroscopy revealed roundish structures with clear outer edges and a thick core resembling a
wheel. Specify the most likely causative agent of this infection:
Rotavirus
Adenovirus
Coxsacki-virus
E. coli
P. vulgaris
A hospitalized patient bitten by a rabid animal has an avulsive wound of shin. What kind of vaccine
must be given to prevent rabies?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
751.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
752.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
753.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
754.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
755.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
756.
Anti-rabies vaccine
DTaP
Td
BCG
TABte
A patient has been admitted to the infectious diseases department for malaise, fever up to 38oC,
jaundice. A few months ago, the patient underwent blood transfusion. The doctor suspected viral
hepatitis B. What are the principal methods of laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B?
Serological and gene diagnostics
Virus isolation in cell culture and its identification by the cytopathic effects
Detection of virions in blood by electron microscopy
Isolation of the virus in laboratory animals (neutralization reaction)
Isolation of the virus in chicken embryos
A laboratory received a sample of water used in drug production for sanitary and virological analysis.
What group of viruses will indicate faecal contamination of water and thus the need for its additional
purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
Flaviviridae
A person has been in contact with influenza patient. What drug should be administered for specific
passive influenza prophylaxis?
Amizon
Vaccine influenza virus inactivated
Leukocytic interferon
Immunoglobulin
Anaferon
A child entering the school for the first time was given Mantoux test in order to determine if there
was a need for revaccination. The reaction was negative. What is the meaning of this test result?
No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
Availability of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
No antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
No anti-toxic immunity to tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
A patient with suspected dysentery has been admitted to the infectious diseases hospital. Which basic
method of laboratory diagnosis must be applied in the first place?
Bacteriological
Serological
Allergic
Biological
Microscopic
A 12-year-old boy has been hospitalized for suspected food poisoning. The fecal samples were
inoculated on the Endo agar, which resulted in growth of a large number of colorless colonies. What
microorganism is most likely to be EXCLUDED from the list of possible causative agents of the
disease?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
757.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
758.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
759.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
760.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
761.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Escherichia coli
Salmonella enteritidis
Proteus vulgaris
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Yersinia enterocolitica
A child with suspected tuberculosis was given Mantoux test. After 24 hours the site of the allergen
injection got swollen, hyperemic and painful. What are the main components that determine such
response of the body?
Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG
Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
B-lymphocytes, IgM
Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo's agar
Ploskyrev's agar
Sabouraud's agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
Tuberculin
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are
visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Botulism clostridia
Diphtheroids
Streptococci
Streptobacilli
During examination of a 3-month old infant a pediatrician revealed that the baby’s oral mucosa and
tongue were covered with a thick white deposit. In the material taken from the affected site a
bacteriologist revealed the presence of yeast fungi giving the reasons for suspecting a fungal
infection which occurs most often in children of this age, namely:
Candidiasis
Favus
Epidermophytosis
Actinomycosis
Trichophytia
762.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
763.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
764.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
765.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
766.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
767.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Diphtheria exotoxin had been treated with 0,3-0,4% formalin and kept in a thermostat for 30 days at a
temperature of 40oC. What preparation was obtained as a result of these manipulations?
Anatoxin (toxoid)
Antitoxin
Diagnosticum
Therapeutic serum
Diagnostic serum
A female patient has been treated with antibiotics for a long time. Thereafter examination of smears
form vaginal secretion revealed oval cells with well-defined nucleus, some cells gemmate. What
preparations can help to confirm the diagnosis "candidosis"?
Antifungal
Antibacterial
Antichlamydial
Antiviral
Antiprotozoal
One of mass production drugs is produced by inactivation of bacterial exotoxin by formalin. What is
this drug for?
For active immunization
For serodiagnostic assay
For passive immunization
For toxinemia treatment
For immunocorrection
A patient is suspected to have the typhoid fever. What method of laboratory diagnostics would be the
most appropriate for confirmation of this diagnosis in the first week of disease?
Hemoculture identification
Urine culture identification
Myeloculture identification
Biliculture identification
Coproculture identification
Inoculation of chicken embryos is the main method of detection of influenza virus. In order to
neutralize associated bacterial flora in the material under examination (nasopharyngeal lavage) it is
necessary to add beforehand:
Antibiotics
Eubiotics
Fluorescent serum
Leukocytic interferon
Ant-influenza gamma globulin
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
768.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
769.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
770.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
771.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
772.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
773.
A sick child with diphtheria 10 days after the injection of antitoxic diphtheria serum, there were skin
rash, accompanied by severe itching, increased body temperature to 38, there were pains in the joints.
What is the cause of these events you expect?
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Contact allergy
Anaphylactic reaction
Serum sickness
Atopy
Veterinarny assistant, working on cattle farm went to a doctor complaining of joint pain, fever,
malaise, night sweats. Ill for about a month. Given that the patient is working on a farm and livestock
related complaints, the doctor suspected he had brucellosis. What material is taken from this patient
to be investigated in the usual microbiological laboratory?
Sputum
Blood serum
Vomit fluid
Urine
Feces
A patient, sick 3 days ago, complaining of the increased temperature of 38 ° C, abdominal pain, loose
stools, presence of blood in the stool, the doctor diagnosed clinically bacterial dysentery. What
method of microbiological diagnosis is advisable to apply in this case and what material should be
taken from the patient to confirm the diagnosis?
Bacteriologycal
Serological ,blood
Smear ,blood
Smear , feces
Bacteriology, urine
A patients with gastric ulcer with hyperacidity after endoscopy and bacteriological studies were
identified bacteria of the genus Helicobacter. Thanks to some property of these organisms are not
killed in the acidic environment of the stomach?
Urease activity
Ability to form a capsule
Oxidase activity
Catalase activity
Resistance to vancomycin
A patient with pustular skin lesions isolated pathogen, which is on blood agar forms a rounded,
medium sized, yellow colonies surrounded by a zone of hemolysis. In smears made from the colonies
Gr + cocci appear in clusters were found. Pure culture is oxidase-and catalase-positive, ferments
mannitol, synthesizes plasma coagulase. Which of the following type matches the selected agent?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
A patient, 68 years old, was subjected to prolonged antibiotic therapy. After such treatment, the
patient appeared whitish coating on the oral mucosa. Microscopic examination of smear revealed
large, round, various sizes, gram positive microorganisms. What should be done to continue the
microbiological diagnosis?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
774.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
775.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
776.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
777.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
778.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Inoculate material on Sabouraud medium
Inoculate on Kitt - Tarrozi
Inoculate on yolk-salt agar
Inoculate on Endo medium
Inoculate on Ploskirev medium
In brain cells of fox’s, trapped in the city had been found the inclusion – Babesh- Negri bodies. What
is the causative agent of fox’s infection?
Rabies
Flu
Chickenpox
Tick borne encephalitis
Kissing disease
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a
month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of
allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
Cytotoxic
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic
Stimulating
Immunocomplex
Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th day the graft
became swollen and changed colour; on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take part in
this process?
B-lymphocytes
Erythrocytes
T-lymphocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
A patient with suspected diphtheria went through bacterioscopic examination. Examination of throat
swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic preparation should be
chosen in this case?
Interferon
Bacteriophage
Diphtheria toxoid
Antidiphtheric antitoxic serum
Eubiotic
A person was selling "homemade pork" sausages at the market. State sanitary inspector suspected
falcification of the sausages. What serological immune reaction can identifiy food substance?
Precipitation test
Indirect hemagglutination test
Complement-fixation test
Immunofluorescence test
Agglutination test
779.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
780.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
781.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
782.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
783.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
784.
A. *
B.
From the nasopharynx of a 5-year-old child it was excreted a microorganism which is identical to
Corynebacterium diphtheriae dose according to morphological and biochemical signs. But this
microorganism does not produce exotoxin. As a result of what process can this microorganism
become toxigenic?
Phage conversion
Cultivation in the telluric environment
Passing through the organism of the sensative animals
Chromosome mutation
Growing with antitoxic serum
A 50-year-old patient with typhoid fever was treated with Levomycetin, next day his condition
became worse, temperature rose to 39,60С. What caused the complication?
The effect of endotoxin agent
Secondary infection addition
Reinfection
Allergic reaction
Irresponsiveness of an agent to the levomycetin
A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for
toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal latent
toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea of the patient?
IFA - Immunofluorescence assay
Immunoblot analysis
RDHA - Reverse direct hemagglutination assay
RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay
(R)CFT- Reiter's complement fixation test
A 27-year-old woman has dropped penicillin containing eye drops. In a few minutes there appeared
feeling of itching, burning of the skin, lips and eyelids edema, whistling cough, decrease of BP. What
imunoglobulins take part in the development of this allergic reaction?
IgE and IgG
IgM and IgG
IgG and IgD
IgM and IgD
IgA and IgM
It is planned to use the territory of an old cattle burial ground (which is not used for more than 50
years) for building houses. But ground analysis revealed presence of the pathogen of a very
dangerous illness. Which of the indicated microorganisms is likely to remain in the ground for such a
long time?
Bacillus anthracis
Brucella abortus
Francisella tularensis
Mycobacterium bovis
Yersinia pestis
A patient had been suffering from profuse diarrhea and vomiting for 2 days. He died from acute
dehydration. Autopsy revealed that the intestinal wall was edematic and hyperemic, with multiple
haemorrhages in the mucous membrane. Intestine lumen contains whitish fluid resembling of rice
water. What disease caused death?
Cholera
Dysentery
C.
D.
E.
785.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
786.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
787.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
788.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
789.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
790.
A. *
B.
C.
Salmonellosis
Enterocolitis
Typhoid fever
A 19 year old woman suffers from primary syphilis. Doctor administered her complex therapy that
includes benzylpenicillin sodium salt. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
It blocks synthesis of cytoplasm proteins
It blocks DNA synthesis
It blocks synthesis of peptidoglycan of microbal membrane
It blocks RNA synthesis
It blocks thiol enzymes
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of "white spots" - zones of enamel
demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus mutans
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Veilonella parvula
Streptococcus pyogenes
48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of
tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Cellular cytotoxicity
Granulomatosis
Anaphylaxy
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule 10 mm in diameter on the spot of
tuberculine injection. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies these changes?
Cellular cytotoxicity
Granulomatosis
Anaphylaxy
Immunocomplex cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by
Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14
regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent
of the following disease:
Syphilis
Leishmaniasis
Leptospirosis
Trypanosomiasis
Relapsing fever
Patient with vomiting, dizziness, sensation of dubble vision, difficult swallowing was admitted to the
hospital. Doctor suspects botulism. What diagnostic methods should be used for diagnosis
approving?
Biological test, bacteriological
Protozoological, microscopical
Bacteriological
D.
E.
791.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
792.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
793.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
794.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
795.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
796.
A. *
B.
C.
mycological
Allergic test, serological
A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were
localised on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctors supervision
Prescribe combine antibiotic therapy
A patient with complaints of 3-day-long fever, general weakness, loss of appetite came to visit the
infectionist. The doctor suspected enteric fever. Which method of laboratory diagnosis is the best to
confirm the diagnosis?
Detachment of blood culture
Detachment of myeloculture
Detachment of urine culture
Detachment of pure culture
Detachment of feces culture
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis B
Virus of hepatitis A
Virus of hepatitis E
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
A man was admitted to the hospital on the 5th day of disease that manifested itself by jaundice,
muscle aching, chill, nose bleedings. In course of laboratory diagnostics a bacteriologist performed
dark-field microscopy of the patients blood drop. Name a causative agent of this disease
Leptospira interrogans
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Rickettsia mooseri
Borrelia dutlonii
Bartonella bacilloformis
From the defecation of a 6-year-old ill child, who has artificial feeding, the intestinal bacillus with
antigen structure 0-111 is excreted. What is the diagnosis?
Coli-enteritis
Dysentery-like diseasis
Food poisoning
Gastroenteritis
Cholera-like diseasis
Blood of a patient with presumable sepsis was inoculated into sugar broth. There appeared bottom
sediment. Repeated inoculation into blood agar caused growth of small transparent round colonies
surrounded by hemolysis zone. Examination of a smear from the sediment revealed gram-positive
cocci in form of long chains. What microorganisms are present in blood of this patient
Streptococci
Micrococci
Staphylococci
D.
E.
797.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
798.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
799.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
800.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
801.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
802.
A.
B.
Tetracocci
Sarcina
Bacterioscopy of nasopharyngeal mucus taken from a 2,5 year old child with nasopharyngitis
revealed gram-negative diplococci looking like coffee grains. What organs of the child are most
likely to be affected if these microorganisms penetrate the blood?
Brain tunics
Lymph nodes
Urogenital tracts
Cardiac valves
Renal glomeruli
A gram-negative heavily encapsulated diplococcus was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of 12year old boy with acute purulent meningitis. It was oxidase positive and ferment glucose and maltose,
but not lactose. The disease most probably caused by which one of the following organism:
Neisseria meningitides
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Haemophilus influenza
Escherichia coli
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Оn bacteriological examination of the defecation of а 4-months-old bаbу with the symptoms of acute
bowel infection there were revealed red colonies spread іn the large quantity іn the Endo medium.
What microorganism саn it bе?
Escherichia
Staphylococcus
Salmonella
Shigella
Streptococcus
A 50-year-old man developed watery diarrhea, little vomiting, nausea, and low-grade fever on the
airplane when he was returning from holidays spent in the Middle East. A stool culture reveals
lactose-positive colonies on MacConkey agar. Which one of the following organisms is the most
likely to be the cause?
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumonia
Shigella flexneri
Salmonella paratyphi A
Salmonella enteritidis
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological
laboratory. The material was used for preparing a "hanging drop" specimen. What type of
microscopy will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility?
Phase-contrast microscopy
Electron microscopy
Immune and electron microscopy
Immersion microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
A child with asphyxia was admitted to the hospital. On examination of the child whitish and spots
difficult to separate were revealed in his larynx. What type of inflammation was in that case?
Serous inflammation
Croupous inflammaton
C.
D. *
E.
803.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
804.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
805.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
806.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
807.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
808.
A. *
B.
C.
Purulent inflammation
Diphtheritic inflammation
Catarrhal inflammation
After consumption some tinned meat a patient had diplopia, acute headache, deglutition disorder,
hard breathing, muscle weakness. The diagnosis was botulism. What factor of pathogenicity are the
clinic presentations of this disease connected with?
Hemolysin
Endotoxin
Exotoxin
Fibrinolysin
Plasmocoagulase
Large gram-positive rods were isolated from patient’s cutaneous papules. The "string of pearl"
colonies on nutrient agar were demonstrated on penicillin-containing medium. Which one of the
following organisms caused the disease?
Bacillus anthracis
Staphylococcus aureus
Mycobacteria tuberculosis
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Clostridia perfringens
There was a record of some anthrax cases among animals in a countryside. The spread of disease can
be prevented by means of immunization. What kind of vaccine should be used?
STI live vaccine
BCG vaccine
Salk vaccine
Sabin's vaccine
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
A virological laboratory obtained pathological material (mucous discharges from nasal meatuses)
taken from a patient with provisional diagnosis "influenza". What quick test (rapid/ express-test) will
allow to reveal specific viral antigen in the material under examination?
Direct and indirect immunofluorescence test
CFT
immunoassay
Hemagglutination inhibition assay
Radioimmunoassay
A 3-year-old child has a temperature of 38,3C; discrete vesiculoulcerative lesions (Koplik’s sports)
can be seen on the mucous membrane of the mouth. The most probable diagnosis is:
Measles
Rubella
Herpangina
Mumps
Scarlet fever
A 6-year –old boy was bitten by a dog about the face and neck. What strategy will be used for post
exposure therapy?
Use hyperimmune serum and active immunization
Use hyperimmune serum only
Use active immunization only
D.
E.
809.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
810.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
811.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
812.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
813.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
814.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
Use active immunization, than check if adequate antibody titers will be produced
All strategies can be use for post exposure therapy
A hospitalized patient bitten by a rabid animal has an avulsive wound of shin. What kind of vaccine
must be given to prevent rabies?
Anti-rabies vaccine
DTaP
Td
BCG
TABte
In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man
presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of antirabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:
Attenuated
Inactivated
Molecular
Toxoids
Synthetic
?A child had been administered antidiphtheric serum. What resistance was formed in the child?
Active
Primary
Passive
Pathologic
Physiological
A factory producing typhoid fever vaccine cultivates bacteria of virulent strain in optimal nutrient
medium. Then the cells are separated from culture fluid by means of centrifugation and processed
with formalin. What type of vaccine is it?
Inactivated
Autovaccine
Attenuated
Chemical
Anatoxin
During blood transfusion a patient has developed intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis. What kind of
hypersensitivity does the patient have?
I type (anaphylactic)
II type (antibody-dependent)
III type (immune complex)
IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
IV type (granulomatosis)
Lymphocytes and other cells of our body synthesize universal antiviral agents as a response to viral
invasion. Name these protein factors:
Cytokines
Tumor necrosis factor
Interferon
Interleukin - 2
Interleukin - 4
815.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
816.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
817.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
818.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
819.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
820.
A.
10 days after having quinsy caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus a 6-year-old child exhibited
symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What mechanism of glomerular lesion is most likely in this case?
Antibody -dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
Cellular cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxis
Immunocomplex
Atopy
A patient has been diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis that developed after he had had
streptococcal infection. It is most likely that the affection of basal glomerular membrane is caused by
an allergic reaction of the following type:
Anaphylactic
Cytotoxic
Immune complex
Delayed
Stimulating
A 30 year old woman has applied a lipstick with a fluorescent substance for a long time. Then she got
a limited erythema and slight peeling on her lip border, later there appeared transversal striae and
cracks. Special methods of microscopic examination of the affected area helped to reveal sensibilized
lymphocytes and macrophages in the connective tissue; cytolysis. What type of immunological
hypersensitivity was developed?
IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
I type (reaginic)
II type (antibody cytotoxicity)
III type (immune complex cytotoxicity)
Granulomatosis
In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a
thermostable protein occuring in tears, saliva, mother’s milk as well as in a new-laid hen’s egg. It is
known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
Interleukin
Lysozyme
Complement
Interferon
Imanine
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a
month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of
allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
Stimulating
Cytotoxic
Immunocomplex
Anaphylactic
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Purulent endometritis developed in a woman after delivery. Treating with antibiotics inhibitors of
murein synthesis was ineffective. Wide spectrum bactericidal antibiotic was administered to her. In 6
hours temperature rapidly increased up to 400C with shiver. Muscle pains have appeared. BP
dropped down to 70/40 mmHg. Oligurea has developed. What is the main reason for the development
of this condition?
Toxic effect of preparation
B. *
C.
D.
E.
821.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
822.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
823.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
824.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
825.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
826.
A.
B. *
Endotoxic shock
Internal bleeding
Anaphylactic shock
Bacteremia
During the breakout of acute respiratory infection in order to diagnose influenza the expressdiagnosis, based on revealing of specific viral antigen in the examined material (nasopharyngial
lavage), is carried out. Which reaction is used for this?
Opsonization
Complement binding
Immunofluorescence
Agglutination
Precipitation
During blood transfusion a patient has developed intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis. What kind of
hypersensitivity does the patient have?
I type (anaphylactic)
III type (immune complex)
IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
II type (antibody-dependent)
IV type (granulomatosis)
10-year-old child had the Mantoux tuberculin test administered. 48 hours later a papule up to 8 mm
in diameter appeared on the site of the injection. What type of hypersensitivity reaction developed
after the tuberculin injection?
Seroreaction
Atopic reaction
Type II hypersensitivity reaction
Arthus phenomenon
Type IV hypersensitivity reaction
Bacteritic preparations are subdivided into groups according to their purpose and production
principles. What group do the preparations for initiation of active immunity relate to?
Bacteriophages
Immune sera
Vaccines
Immunoglobulins
Monoclonal antibodies
A 27- year-old woman has used penicillin containing eye drops. In a few minutes itching, skin
burning, lips and eyelids edema, whistling cough, decreasing BP appeared. What antibodies can lead
to this allergic reaction?
IgD and IgM
IgM and IgG
IgA and IgM
IgG and IgE
IgG and IgD
Live vaccine is injected into the human body. Increasing activity of what cells of connective tissue
can be expected?
Macrophages and fibroblasts
Plasmocytes and lymphocytes
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pigmentocytes and pericytes
Adipocytes and adventitious cells
Fibroblasts and labrocytes
A patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolitic cytotoxic anemia. What substances are antigens
in II type allergic reactions?
Inflammation modulators
Antibiotics
Modified receptors of cell membranes
Hormones
Serum proteins
A 30 year old woman has applied a lipstick with a fluorescent substance for a long time. Then she got
a limited erythema and slight peeling on her lip border, later there appeared transversal striae and
cracks. Special methods of microscopic examination of the affected area helped to reveal sensibilized
lymphocytes and macrophages in the connective tissue; cytolysis. What type of immunological
hypersensitivity was developed?
I type (reaginic)
II type (antibody cytotoxicity)
III type (immune complex cytotoxicity)
IV type (cellular cytotoxicity)
Granulomatosis
Inordertoestimateantibioticsusceptbility of a patient doctors introduced him intracutaneously 0,2 ml
of penicilline solution. Ten minutes after introduction there appeared hyperemy and edema. What
type does this reaction relate to (according to Coomb’s and Gell’s classi?cation)?
Tuberculine reaction
Cytotoxic reaction
Reaction of Arthus phenomenon type
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic reaction
A patient recovered from Sonne dysentery and was once more infected with the same causative
agent. What is such infection form called?
Chronic infection
Recidivation
Superinfection
Persisting infection
E. *
Reinfection
C.
D.
E.
827.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
828.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
829.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
830.
Назва наукового напрямку (модуля):
Семестр: 5
СРС MEDICINE
Опис:
Факультет іноземних студентів (Medicine)
1.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
2.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
3.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
4.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
5.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
6.
Перелік питань:
Which of the following bacteria can be successfully cultured on cell-free medium?
Chlamydia trachomatis.
Coxiella burnetii.
Mycobacterium leprae.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Rickettsia prowazekii.
Teenage female presented with a three-day history of fever, headache and a non-productive cough.
Penicillin was prescribed and the patient was sent home. Her illness did not respond to this antibiotic.
Gram stain and culture of the patient's sputum and a throat swab revealed only 'normal oral flora'. She
was then successfully treated with erythromycin. Which organism below is most likely to have
caused her illness?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Haemophilus influenzae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
A 25-year-old female presented with a three-day history of fever, headache and a non-productive
cough. X-rays show bilateral diffuse lung infiltrates. Culture of a throat swab (on sheep blood and
chocolate agars) revealed only “normal oral flora”. Penicillin G was prescribed and the patient sent
home. Her illness did not respond to this antibiotic. She was then successfully treated with
erythromycin. Which organism is most likely to have caused her illness?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Haemophilus influenzae.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Streptococcus pyogenes.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
A 25-year-old man complains of a urethral discharge. You perform a Gram stain on a specimen of
the discharge and see neutrophils but no bacteria. Of the organisms listed, the one MOST likely to
cause the discharge is
Treponema pallidum
Chlamydia trachomatis
Candida albicans
Coxiella burnetii
Staphylococci
In the life cycle of Chlamydiaceae, ____ bind to cell receptors triggering endocytosis. ____ inhibit
lysosome fusion and form ___, which replicate by binary fission and form ____ that cause the cell to
lyse.
EBs; EBs; RBs; EBs;
EBs; RBs; RBs; EBs;
RBs; EBs; EBs; RBs;
RBs; RBs; EBs; RBs;
RBs; RBs; EBs; EBs;
The Chlamydiaceae life cycle has elemental bodies (EBs) that are ____ and reticulate bodies (RBs)
that are ____.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
7.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
10.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
11.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
12.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
13.
A.
Metabolically active and infection; Metabolically inactive and noninfectious
Metabolically inactive and infection; Metabolically active and noninfectious
Metabolically active and noninfection; Metabolically inactive and infectious
Metabolically inactive and noninfection; Metabolically active and infectious
No correct answer
Chlamydia uses ATP for energy in order to construct DNA and proteins as well as encoding their
own ribosomes. This makes Clamydia which of the following?
Extracellular pathogen
Obligate intracellular parasite
Obligate extracellular parasite
Facultative intracellular parasite
No correct answer
Which of the following bacteria is/are implicated as causative agent/s of non-gonococcal urethritis?
Chlamydia trachomatis.
Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Mycoplasma hominis.
Herpes virus 2
All are true
Chlamydia trachomatis can attacks which structure(s)?
eye
urethra
fallopian tubes
lungs
All are true
Ornithosis is a _____ infection associated with ______
rickettsial, parrots
chlamydial, mice
chlamydial, birds
rickettsial, flies
chlamydial, rats
Chlamydia trachomatis may be cultured on monolayers of human cells. If infected cells were
examined by staining and light microscopy, what would you be most likely to observe?
A membrane-bounded inclusion body, within the nucleus.
A membrane-bounded inclusion body, within the cytoplasm.
Rod shaped Gram-positive bacilli, free within the cytoplasm.
Gram-negative cocci, within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Cyst forms inside lysosomes.
Human ehrlichiosis is:
Transmitted to humans via the rat flea
Characterized by fever, headache, and a classic papulovesicular rash
Best treated with intravenous penicillin
Often accompanied by decreased white blood cell counts and platelet counts
All answeres are corrected
Which of the following is the least accurate statement regarding Bartonella/ Rochalimaea ?
B/R. henselae is associated with cat scratch disease.
B.
C. *
Lysis-centrifugation tubes are used for isolation from blood.
All species can be grown readily in the clinical laboratory.
D.
E.
14.
All species possess a trilaminar cell wall and are difficult to Gram-stain
All answeres are corrected
Of the following known causes of diarrhea, which one is most likely to be associated with diarrhea
occurring in a patient receiving antibiotics?
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium difficile
Shigella sonnei
Campylobacter jejuni
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
The Gram-positive coccus most commonly involved in neonatal central nervous system infections is
Enterococcus faecalis
Staphylococcus aureus
-Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
The leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia is
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Inluenzae virus
The most common cause of cystitis after Escherichia coli in young healthy sexually active women is:
Proteus mirabilis.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
Neisseria gonorrheae
This bacterium, although usually not considered as normal flora, frequently colonizes the stomach
and is thought to be the cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
Vibrio cholerae
Helicobacter pylori
Which one of the following microorganisms can be part of the normal vaginal flora and cause
meningitis in newborns?
Candida albicans
Corynebactenum species
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Group B streptococci
Which one of the following is NOT an infection caused by a body flora organism?
Streptococcus viridans endocarditis
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
15.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
16.
A.
B.
C. *
D.
E.
17.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
18.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
19.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E. *
20.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
21.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
22.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
23.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
24.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
25.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
26.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
27.
E. coli urinary tract infection
Pseudomonas blood stream infection in a patient with lymphoma (malignancy of lymphatic system)
and neutropenia (abnormally low number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the blood stream)
Pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila acquired during a hotel convention
Post-viral bronchitis
Which one of the following is true about respiratory tract flora?
Escherichia coli is found in the upper respiratory tract of most people.
Colonization of the lower respiratory tract with upper respiratory tract flora because of failure of
clearing mechanisms explains 'bronchitis'.
Mucociliary motility mechanisms are important in the bladder, not the respiratory tract.
Local acid production because of high tissue concentrations of glycogen is a major factor limiting
bacterial replication.
Streptococcus pneumoniae virtually never colonizes the upper respiratory tract in healthy persons.
Which of the following IS NOT true regarding the bacterial species that comprise the body's normal
flora?
They may produce something good for the body (e.g. vitamins).
They take up space and utilize nutrients eliminating the chance for colonization by pathogenic
bacteria.
They may produce antibiotics or stimulate immunity against pathogenic bacteria
They rarely cause illness because they are not virulent.
The mucosal surfaces of the body are heavily colonized.
Salvarsan was discovered by:
Karl Landsteiner.
Paul Ehrlich.
Gerhardt Domagk.
Howard Florey.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek.
The construction and use of the compound microscope is attributed to:
Antony van Leeuwenhoek.
Louis Pasteur.
Robert Koch.
Ferdinand Cohn.
Gerhardt Domagk
Who did coin the term vaccine?
Edward Jenner.
Kitasato.
Ehrlich.
Louis Pasteur,
Robert Koch.
. Who did develop rabies vaccine for the first time in 1885?
Louis Pasteur.
Semple.
Edward Jenner
Paul Ehrlich.
Wasserman.
. Who did introduce the method of vaccination to prevent smallpox?
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
Louis Pasteur.
Edward Jenner.
Paul Ehrlich.
John Hunter.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek.
28.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
29.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
30.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
31.
The first techniques of sterilization were introduced by:
Louis Pasteur.
Robert Koch.
Ferdinand Cohn.
John Needham.
Gerhardt Domagk.
Viruses can cause cancer in animals and humans. A principle of viral carcmogenesis is that
Retroviruses cause most types of human cancer
Not all infections with a human cancer virus lead to tumor formation
Short latent periods elapse between time of virus infection and tumor appearance
Animal models seldom predict cellular mechanisms in human cancer
Host factors are insignificant in influencing the development of virus-induced human cancer
The polyomaviruses encode oncoprotems called T antigens. These viral gene products
Are not needed for virus replication
Interact with cellular tumor suppressor proteins
Function to integrate the viral provirus into the cellular chromosome
Mutate rapidly to allow the virus to escape immune clearance by the host
Are not able to transform cells in culture
Cancer viruses are classified in several virus families. The following virus family contains a human
cancer virus with an RNA genome
Adenovindae
Flaviviridae
Herpesvindae
Hepadnavindae
Papillomavindae
Members of the following DNA virus groups are causally associated with cancer in humans:
Retroviruses and Hepadnaviruses
Herpesviruses and Papovaviruses
Orthomyxoviruses and Paramyxoviruses
Parvoviruses and Hepadnaviruses
None of the DNA viruses are
Which of the following viruses can cause B cell lymphoma in humans?
Herpes simplex virus
Epstein-Barr Virus
Human papilloma viruses
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus
Hepatitis B virus
Which virus has been associated with cervical carcinomas?
EBV
HPV 16, 18
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
32.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
33.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
34.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
35.
A.
B. *
HTLV-I
Adenovirus Group A
HBV
A disease that is thought to be caused by prions is
hepatocellular carcinoma
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
C.
D.
E.
36.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
37.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
38.
exanthem subitum
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Burkitt's lymphoma
Etiologic agent of Kuru:
Measles-Virus
Prions
JC-Virus
Smallpox
Vaccinia
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Jaundice is a sign.
It is caused by a retrovirus
Infection is caused by four species of Plasmodium
Kissing disease is another name
It is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
During surgical operation a blood transfusion was made. The blood must be checked to find antigens
of some disease. What disease is expected to be found?
Virus of hepatitis B
Virus of hepatitis A
Adenovirus
Enterovirus
Virus of hepatitis E
A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for
toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal
(R)CFT- Reiter's complement fixation test
IFA - Immunofluorescence assay
Immunoblot analysis
RDHA - Reverse direct hemagglutination assay
RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay
On bacteriological study of rinsing water of the patient with food poisoning, the pure bacterial
culture was inoculated with the following properties: gram-negative motile bacillus in the Endo
environment grows like achromic colony. Representative of what genus has caused the illness?
Salmonella
Shigella
Yersinia
Escherichia
Citrobacter
The person was selling homemade pork sausages on the market. State sanitary inspector suspected
falcification of the sausages.With help of what serological immune reaction can food substance be
identified?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
39.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
40.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
41.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
42.
Precipitation test
Indirect hemagglutination test
Agglutination test
Immunofluorescence test
Complement- fixation test
The donor who for a long time didn't donate the blood was investigated with IFA method. Anti-HBs
antibodies were revealed. What does positive result of IFA in this case mean?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
43.
Previous hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis B
Acute hepatitis C
Chronic hepatitis +BBIChronic hepatitis +BCEA man was admitted to the hospital on the 5th day of disease that manifested itself by jaundice,
muscle aching, chill, nose bleedings. In course of laboratory diagnostics a bacteriologist performed
dark-field microscopy of the patient's blood drop. Name a causative agent of this disease:
Leptospira interrogans
Borrelia dutlonii
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Bartonella bacilloformis
Rickettsia mooseri
Microscopic examination of a Gram-stained scrape from patient's tongue revealed oval, round,
elongated chains of dark-violet gemmating cells. What disease can be caused by this causative agent?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
44.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
45.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
46.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
47.
A. *
B.
Candidosis
Actinomycosis
Streptococcic infection
Staphylococcic infection
Diphtheria
The first grade pupils were examined in order to sort out children for tuberculosis revaccination.
What test was applied for this purpose?
Mantoux test
Schick test
Supracutaneous tularin test
Burnet test
Anthraxine test
Clinical diagnosis of a female patient was gonorrhoea. What examination method can be applied for
confirmation of this diagnosis?
Microscopy of pathological material
Infection of laboratory animals
Test with bacteriophage
Hemagglutination reaction
Immobilization reaction
Microscopical examination of a microbal culture revealed fusiform spore-forming microorganisms
that get violet-blue Gram stain. What microorganisms were revealed?
Clostridia
Streptococci
C.
D.
E.
48.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
49.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
50.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
51.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
52.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
53.
A. *
Spirochaete
Actinomycete
Diplococci
During examination of a patient a dentist revealed a lot of white spots - zones of enamel
demineralization. What microorganisms take part in the development of this process?
Streptococcus mutans
Streptococcus salivarius
Streptococcus pyogenes
Veilonella parvula
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberculosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
TABTe
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo agar
Ploskyrev agar
Sabouraud agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological
laboratory. The material was used for preparing a hanging drop specimen. What type of microscopy
will be applied for identification of the causative agent by its mobility?
Phase-contrast microscopy
Electron microscopy
Immune and electron microscopy
Fluorescence microscopy
Immersion microscopy
In the surgical ward, the dressing material was undergoing sterilization in an autoclave. Through an
oversight of a nurse the mode of sterilization was changed and the temperature in the autoclave
reached only 100 degrees-C instead of the due 120. What microorganisms can stay viable under these
conditions?
Bacilli and clostridia
Staphylococci and streptococci
Mold and yeast fungi
Salmonella and klebsiella
Corynebacteria and mycobacteria
In course of long-term treatment of an infectious patient with penicillin, the pathogen transformed
into the L-form. What changes occur in the pathogen cell in case of L-transformation?
Absence of a cell wall
B.
C.
D.
E.
54.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
55.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
56.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
57.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
58.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
59.
A. *
B.
C.
Absence of flagella
Absence of a capsule
Absence of a spore
Absence of inclusions
There are areas where humans or animals are exposed to the constant risk of contracting certain types
of bacteria. What feature of these bacteria is responsible for their long viability in the soil?
Spore formation
Capsule formation
Ability to multiply in the plant remains
Thick cell wall
Plasmids
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
The causative agent of botulism causes severe food poisoning. Specify the most characteristic
morphological feature of botulism causative agent:
Gram-positive bacillus with subterminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-spore-forming bacillus
Gram-positive bacillus with terminal spore
Thin mobile bacillus with central spore
Thick gram-positive bacillus without spores and flagella
Microbiological analysis of medicinal raw materials revealed capsular bacteria. What stain method
was used to detect the capsules?
Burry-Gins
Ziehl-Neelsen
Neisser
Gram
Ozheshko
Bacterioscopic examination of chancre material revealed some mobile, long, convoluted
microorganisms with 8-12 regular coils. These features are typical for:
Treponema
Borrellia
Leptospira
Vibrios
Campylobacter
Infectious agents of various ultrastructures can be etiological agents of infectious diseases. Which of
the groups named below HAS NO cellular structure, protein synthesizing, enzyme and energy
systems?
Viruses
Fungi
Bacteria
D.
E.
60.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
61.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
62.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
63.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
64.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
65.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
66.
A. *
Protozoa
Rickettsia
What method of sterilization should be used during the liquid media containing proteins?
Filtering
Boiling
Gas sterilization
Autoclaving
Pasteurization
Meat peptone broth is prepared for sterilization in bateriological laboratory. What sterilization
method is advisable?
Autoclaving
Ignition
Boiling
Filtering
Dry heat
A patient has a necrotizing phlegmon of his lower extremity. A doctor suspects a gas gangrene.
Microscopy reveals Gram-positive bacilli. In order to confirm the diagnosis further bacteriological
tests should include inoculation of the material into the following nutrient medium:
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Endo agar
Levine agar
Meat-peptone agar
Milk-salt agar
Bacteria eventually become resistant to antibacterial agents. Resistance of gram-positive bacteria to
penicillin antibiotics is caused by:
Beta-lactamase production
Permeability of the cell wall
Active synthesis of peptidoglycan
Active transport of antibiotic
Protein synthesis
Which one of the listed substances causes formation of acquired artificial passive immunity?
Tetanus toxoid
BCG
MMR
DPT
TABTe
It is necessary to carry out preventive vaccination of a student group because of an occurrence of
diphtheria. Which preparation should be used for the creation of the artificial active immunity?
Diphtheria toxoid
Specific immunoglobulin
DTP vaccine
Inactivated bacteria vaccine
Anti-diphtheria serum
For the specific prevention of influenza, the employees of an enterprise were vaccinated with
Influvac. What type of immunity will develop in the body of the vaccinated?
Artificial active
B.
C.
D.
E.
67.
Innate congenital
Artificial passive
Natural active
Natural passive
Dysbiosis can be treated with drugs that contain living representatives of normal microflora as well
as their metabolic products. Select the microorganisms that are used for the production of such drugs:
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
68.
Bifidum bacteria
Staphylococcus aureus
Proteus
Providencia
Yersinia
A 26-year-old female patient with bronchitis has been administered a broad spectrum antibiotic as a
causal treatment drug. Specify this drug:
Doxycycline
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
69.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
70.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
71.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
72.
A. *
Interferon
BCG vaccine
Ambroxol
Dexamethasone
What condition may develop 15-30 minutes after re-administration of the antigen as a result of the
increased level of antibodies, mainly IgE, that are adsorbed on the surface of target cells, namely
tissue basophils (mast cells) and blood basophils?
Anaphylaxis
Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Immune complex hyperresponsiveness
Serum sickness
10 days after having quinsy caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus a 6-year-old child exhibited
symptoms of glomerulonephritis. What mechanism of glomerular lesion is most likely in this case?
Immunocomplex
Cellular cytotoxicity
Anaphylaxis
Atopy
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis
6 hours after the initial inoculation of water sample into 1% peptone water, the growth of a culture in
form of a thin pellicle on the medium surface was registered. Such cultural properties are typical for
the causative agent of the following disease:
Cholera
Plague
Tuberculosis
Dysentery
Pseudotuberculosis
Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with signs of purulent lesion of brain tunics revealed
gram-negative bean-shaped diplococci. What presumptive diagnosis can be made on the basis of the
analysis results?
Meningitis
B.
C.
D.
E.
73.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
74.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
75.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
76.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
77.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
78.
Gonorrhea
Cholera
Plague
Anthrax
Microbiological purity of tabulated drugs had been tested at factory. Samples cultivation in mannitol
salt agar resulted in growth of golden-yellow colonies, microscopic examination of colonies detected
Gram-positive globular bacteria positioned in clusters microorganisms had plasma coagulation
properties. What pure bacterial culture was obtained?
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Microbiological studies of air in the pharmacy room revealed the presence of pathogenic
staphylococci. Select the medium in which you can detect the lecithinase activity of the isolated
microorganism:
Yolk-salt agar
Blood agar
Bismuth sulfite agar
Sugar agar
Meat-extract agar
There is a suspicion of active tuberculosis development in patient. The doctor has appointed Mantoux
test to make a diagnosis. What immunobiological agent has to be administered?
Tuberculin
BCG vaccine
DPT vaccine
Tularin
DT vaccine
A smear from the tonsillar coating of a patient with suspected diphtheria was found to contain blue
bacilli with a thickening at the poles. What method of smear staining was used?
Leffler
Burri
Hins
Gram
Neisser
A young woman suddenly developed fever up to 39oC accompanied by a strong headache.
Examination revealed marked nuchal rigidity. Spinal puncture was performed. Gram-stained smear
of cerebrospinal fluid contained many neutrophils and Gram-negative diplococci. What bacteria
could be the cause of this disease?
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Botulism agent causes severe food toxicoinfection. Point out the most characteristic morphologic
feature of botulism agent.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
79.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
80.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
81.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
82.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
83.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
84.
A. *
B.
C.
Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli with subterminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-sporeforming bacilli
Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli with terminal spore
Thin mobile spore-forming bacilli with central spore
Thick gram-negative non-sporeforming bacilli
The causative agent of tetanus causes severe disease. Specify the most characteristic morphological
feature of tetanus causative agent:
Gram-positive bacillus with terminal spore
Thick gram-positive non-spore-forming bacillus
Gram-positive bacillus with subterminal spore
Thin mobile bacillus with central spore
Thick gram-positive bacillus without spores and flagella
A bacteriological laboratory studied the home-made dried fish which had caused a severe food
poisoning. Microscopy of the culture grown on the Kitt-Tarozzi medium revealed microorganisms
resembling a tennis racket. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Botulism
Salmonellosis
Cholera
Dysentery
Typhoid fever
Quite often, the soil may contain a number of pathogenic microorganisms. The causative agents of
the following disease may stay viable in the soil for a long time:
Anthrax
Diphtheria
Viral hepatitis
Pertussis
Dysentery
A patient presents with fever, chill and cough. From his sputum the ovoid Gram-negative bipolarstained bacilli with a delicate capsule were isolated. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Plague
Tuberculosis
Leptospirosis
Brucellosis
Toxoplasmosis
For cultivation of Brucella pure cultures should be incubated in CO2 enriched atmosphere. What type
of breathing is typical for Brucella?
Capnophilic
Facultative anaerobic
Obligate anaerobic
Obligate aerobic
Any
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of botulism. What serological reaction
should be used to reveal botulinum toxin?
Neutralization reaction
Agglutination reaction
Bordet-Gengou test
D.
E.
85.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
86.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
87.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
88.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
89.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
90.
Precipitation reaction
Immunofluorescence test
In a village, a case of anthrax had been registered. Medical services began epidemiologically
indicated specific prophylaxis of population against anthrax. What preparation was used for this
purpose?
Live vaccine
Inactivated vaccine
Chemical vaccine
Genetically engineered vaccine
Anatoxin
A 55-year-old patient with a characteristic rash, fever, dizziness has been admitted to a hospital. He
has been provisionally diagnosed with typhus. No similar cases have been reported. In his youth (15
years old) the patient suffered typhus in a boarding school. What disease is it?
Brill disease
Typhoid fever
Measles
Rubella
Cholera
A patient has severe catarrhal symptoms. Material growth on Bordet-Gengou agar showed mercurydrop like colonies. Examination of the blood smears revealed some small ovoid gram positive bacilli
sized 1-3 microns. What microorganisms were isolated?
Bordetella
Corynebacteria
Mycobacteria
Meningococcus
Brucella
The laboratory for especially dangerous infections conducts microscopic examination of pathological
material from a patient with suspected plague. The sample was stained by Burri-Gins technique.
What property of the causative agent can be identified by this technique?
Capsule formation
Spore formation
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
Presence of volutin granules
A child cut his leg with a piece of glass while playing and was brought to the clinic for the injection
of tetanus toxoid. In order to prevent the development of anaphylactic shock the serum was
administered by Bezredka method. What mechanism underlies this method of desensitization of the
body?
Binding of IgE fixed to the mast cells
Blocking the mediator synthesis in the mast cells
Stimulation of immune tolerance to the antigen
Stimulation of the synthesis of antigenspecific IgG
Binding of IgE receptors to the mast cells
A 32-year-old patient undergoing dental examination was found to have some rash-like lesions
resembling secondary syphilis in the oral cavity. The patient was referred for the serological study
with the purpose of diagnosis confirmation. In order to detect antibodies in the serum, living
Treponema were used as diagnosticum. What serological test was performed?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
91.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
92.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
93.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
94.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
95.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
Immobilization
Neutralization
Complement binding
Precipitation
Passive hemagglutination
Examination of a 27-year-old donor who had not donated blood for a long time revealed HBs
antibodies detected by ELISA method. In this case, the positive ELISA results indicate that the
donor:
Had hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis B
Has acute hepatitis C
Has chronic hepatitis B
Has chronic hepatitis C
In the area being the epicenter of the registered rabies cases among wild animals a 43-year-old man
presented to a clinic and claimed to have been bitten by a stray dog. He was given a course of antirabies vaccine. This preparation relates to the following type of vaccines:
Attenuated
Inactivated
Molecular
Toxoids
Synthetic
RNA-containing viruses that cause tumors in animals, genetic information can be transmitted in the
opposite direction from the RNA to the DNA via a specific enzyme. The enzyme of reverse
transcription is called:
Reverse transcriptase
DNA polymerase
Ligase
Primase
Topoisomerase
A patient has been hospitalised with provisional diagnosis of virus B hepatitis. Serological reaction
based on complementation of antigen with antibody chemically bound to peroxidise or alkaline
phosphatase has been used for disease diagnostics. What is the name of the applied serological
reaction?
Immune-enzyme analysis
Radioimmunoassay technique
Immunofluorescence test
Bordet-Gengou test
Antigen-binding assay
A 3-year-old child has continuous fever, lymph nodes are enlarged, the amount of lymphocytes in
blood is significantly increased. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed antigen of
Epstein-Barr virus. What diagnosis can be made based on the information given above?
Infectious mononucleosis
Burkitt+IBk-s lymphoma
Herpetic lymphadenopathy
Generalized infection caused by
Cytomegalovirus infection
96.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
97.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
98.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
99.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
100.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
101.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
Hepatitis B is diagnosed through laboratory tests that determine the presence of HBV-DNA in blood
serum of the patient. What reference method is applied for this purpose?
Polymerase chain reaction
Hybridization method
Hybridization signal amplification method
Ligase chain reaction method
ELISA diagnostic method
An outbreak of an intestinal infection occurred in a kindergarten on the eve of New Year holidays.
Bacteriological examination of patients+IBk- faeces didn+IBk-t reveal any pathogenic bacteria.
Electronmicroscopy revealed roundish structures with clear outer edges and a thick core resembling a
wheel. Specify the most likely causative agent of this infection:
Rotavirus
Adenovirus
Coxsacki-virus
E. coli
P. vulgaris
A hospitalized patient bitten by a rabid animal has an avulsive wound of shin. What kind of vaccine
must be given to prevent rabies?
Anti-rabies vaccine
DTaP
Td
BCG
TABte
A patient has been admitted to the infectious diseases department for malaise, fever up to 38oC,
jaundice. A few months ago, the patient underwent blood transfusion. The doctor suspected viral
hepatitis B. What are the principal methods of laboratory diagnosis of hepatitis B?
Serological and gene diagnostics
Virus isolation in cell culture and its identification by the cytopathic effects
Detection of virions in blood by electron microscopy
Isolation of the virus in laboratory animals (neutralization reaction)
Isolation of the virus in chicken embryos
In our country, routine preventive vaccinations against poliomyelitis ivolve using live vaccine that is
administered orally. What immunoglobulins are responsible for the development of local postvaccination immunity in this case?
Secretory IgA
IgM
IgG
Serum IgA
IgE
A laboratory received a sample of water used in drug production for sanitary and virological analysis.
What group of viruses will indicate faecal contamination of water and thus the need for its additional
purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
E.
102.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
103.
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B.
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D.
E.
104.
A.
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E.
105.
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D.
E.
106.
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107.
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Flaviviridae
A sample of water used in drug production has been sent to a laboratory for sanitary and virological
analysis. Presence of what virus group will be indicative of faecal contamination of water and thus
the need for its additional purification?
Picornaviridae
Herpesviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Retroviridae
Flaviviridae
Virological laboratory has received patient+IBk-s nasopharyngeal lavage. What can be used to single
out influenza virus from the patient+IBk-s lavage?
Chick embryo
Meat infusion agar
Meat infusion broth
Endo+IBk-s medium
Lowenstein+IBM-Jensen medium
A person has been in contact with influenza patient. What drug should be administered for specific
passive influenza prophylaxis?
Amizon
Vaccine influenza virus inactivated
Leukocytic interferon
Immunoglobulin
Anaferon
A child entering the school for the first time was given Mantoux test in order to determine if there
was a need for revaccination. The reaction was negative. What is the meaning of this test result?
No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
Availability of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
No antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
No anti-toxic immunity to tuberculosis
Presence of antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from the urethra revealed some gram-negative
bean-shaped bacteria located in the leukocytes. They can be identified as the causative agent of the
following disease:
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Venereal lymphogranulomatosis
Chancroid
Trichomoniasis
A patient with suspected dysentery has been admitted to the infectious diseases hospital. Which basic
method of laboratory diagnosis must be applied in the first place?
Bacteriological
Serological
Allergic
Biological
Microscopic
108.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
109.
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D.
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110.
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D.
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111.
A. *
B.
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D.
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112.
A. *
B.
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D.
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113.
A. *
B.
C.
A 12-year-old boy has been hospitalized for suspected food poisoning. The fecal samples were
inoculated on the Endo agar, which resulted in growth of a large number of colorless colonies. What
microorganism is most likely to be EXCLUDED from the list of possible causative agents of the
disease?
Escherichia coli
Salmonella enteritidis
Proteus vulgaris
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Yersinia enterocolitica
A child with suspected tuberculosis was given Mantoux test. After 24 hours the site of the allergen
injection got swollen, hyperemic and painful. What are the main components that determine such
response of the body?
Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes and IgG
Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines
B-lymphocytes, IgM
Macrophages, B-lymphocytes and monocytes
A 4-year-old child presents with general weakness, sore throat and deglutitive problem. After his
examination a doctor suspected diphtheria and sent the material to the bacteriological laboratory. In
order to determine the diphtheria causative agent the material should be inoculated into the following
differential diagnostic medium:
Blood tellurite agar
Endo's agar
Ploskyrev's agar
Sabouraud's agar
Levenshtein-Yessen agar
Planned mass vaccination of all newborn 5-7 day old children against tuberulosis plays an important
role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
BCG
Diphteria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine
Diphtheria and tetanus anatoxin vaccine
Adsorbed diphtheria vaccine
Tuberculin
Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
resulted in growth of grey, radially striated (in form of rosettes) colonies 4-5 mm in diameter. Grampositive bacilli with clublike thickenings on their ends placed in form of spread wide apart fingers are
visible by microscope. What microorganisms are these?
Diphtheria corynebacteria
Botulism clostridia
Diphtheroids
Streptococci
Streptobacilli
After the sanitary and bacteriological study of tap water the following results were obtained: the total
number of bacteria in 1,0 ml was 80, coli index was 3. How would you interpret the study results?
Water is safe to be consumed
Water is of doubtful quality
Water is of highly doubtful quality
D.
E.
114.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
115.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
116.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
117.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
118.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
119.
A. *
B.
Water is contaminated
Water is highly contaminated
During examination of a 3-monthold infant a pediatrician revealed that the baby+IBk-s oral mucosa
and tongue were covered with a thick white deposit. In the material taken from the affected site a
bacteriologist revealed the presence of yeast fungi giving the reasons for suspecting a fungal
infection which occurs most often in children of this age, namely:
Candidiasis
Favus
Epidermophytosis
Actinomycosis
Trichophytia
It is known that infectious type B hepatitis is a systemic disease caused by the type B hepatitis virus
and characterized by a predominant liver affection. Choose from the below given list the drugs for
the etiotropic therapy of this infection:
Acyclovir
Penicillin
Tetracycline
Sulfanilamides
Fluoroquinolones
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pyogene
Examination of air state in hospital was done by method of sedimentation. It revealed 5 small
roundish colonies with zone of hemolysis around them. Inoculations were made on the following
cultural medium:
Blood agar
Endo agar
Meat infusion agar
Egg yolk and salt agar
Levin agar
A female patient has been treated with antibiotics for a long time. Thereafter examination of smears
form vaginal secretion revealed oval cells with well-defined nucleus, some cells gemmate. What
preparations can help to confirm the diagnosis +ACI-candidosis+ACI-?
Antifungal
Antibacterial
Antichlamydial
Antiviral
Antiprotozoal
A patient is suspected to have the typhoid fever. What method of laboratory diagnostics would be the
most appropriate for confirmation of this diagnosis in the first week of disease?
Hemoculture identification
Urine culture identification
C.
D.
E.
120.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
121.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
122.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
123.
A.
B.
C.
D. *
E.
124.
A.
B. *
C.
D.
E.
Myeloculture identification
Biliculture identification
Coproculture identification
Analysis of sputum obtained from a patient with suspected pneumonia revealed gram-positive
diplococci. They were slightly elongated, with the pointed opposite ends. What microorganisms were
revealed in the sputum?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
During bacteriological analysis of solutions prepared in a pharmacy some red colonies with metallic
glitter have grown on Endo agar. What microbes were revealed?
Escherichia
Shigella
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Salmonella
Medical examination of a dairymaid revealed affection of the locomotive system, vision impairment,
disorder of the nervous and other systems. To confirm the diagnosis the patient was referred for a
serological assay (Wright+IBk-s reaction) and Burnet's skin allergy test. What was the provisional
diagnosis?
Brucellosis
Tularemia
Anthrax
Rheumatism
Leptospirosis
A sick child with diphtheria 10 days after the injection of antitoxic diphtheria serum, there were skin
rash, accompanied by severe itching, increased body temperature to 38, there were pains in the joints.
What is the cause of these events you expect?
Delayed-type hypersensitivity
Contact allergy
Anaphylactic reaction
Serum sickness
Atopy
Veterinarny assistant, working on cattle farm went to a doctor complaining of joint pain, fever,
malaise, night sweats. Ill for about a month. Given that the patient is working on a farm and livestock
related complaints, the doctor suspected he had brucellosis. What material is taken from this patient
to be investigated in the usual microbiological laboratory?
Sputum
Blood serum
Vomit fluid
Urine
Feces
125.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
126.
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B.
C.
D.
E.
127.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
128.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
129.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
130.
A.
A patient, sick 3 days ago, complaining of the increased temperature of 38 +ALA- C, abdominal
pain, loose stools, presence of blood in the stool, the doctor diagnosed clinically bacterial dysentery.
What method of microbiological diagnosis is advisable to apply in this case and what material should
be taken from the patient to confirm the diagnosis?
Bacteriologycal
Serological ,blood
Smear ,blood
Smear , feces
Bacteriology, urine
A patients with gastric ulcer with hyperacidity after endoscopy and bacteriological studies were
identified bacteria of the genus Helicobacter. Thanks to some property of these organisms are not
killed in the acidic environment of the stomach?
Urease activity
Ability to form a capsule
Oxidase activity
Catalase activity
Resistance to vancomycin
A patient with pustular skin lesions isolated pathogen, which is on blood agar forms a rounded,
medium sized, yellow colonies surrounded by a zone of hemolysis. In smears made from the colonies
Gr +- cocci appear in clusters were found. Pure culture is oxidase-and catalase-positive, ferments
mannitol, synthesizes plasma coagulase. Which of the following type matches the selected agent?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
A patient, 68 years old, was subjected to prolonged antibiotic therapy. After such treatment, the
patient appeared whitish coating on the oral mucosa. Microscopic examination of smear revealed
large, round, various sizes, gram positive microorganisms. What should be done to continue the
microbiological diagnosis?
Inoculate material on Sabouraud medium
Inoculate on Kitt - Tarrozi
Inoculate on yolk-salt agar
Inoculate on Endo medium
Inoculate on Ploskirev medium
A patient visited a dentist with complaints of redness and edema of his mouth mucous membrane in a
month after dental prosthesis. The patient was diagnosed with allergic stomatitis. What type of
allergic reaction by Gell and Cumbs underlies this disease?
Cytotoxic
Delayed type hypersensitivity
Anaphylactic
Stimulating
Immunocomplex
Donor skin transplantation was performed to a patient with extensive burns. On the 8-th day the graft
became swollen and changed colour+ADs- on the 11-th day graft rejection started. What cells take
part in this process?
B-lymphocytes
B.
C. *
D.
E.
131.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
132.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
133.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
134.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
135.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
136.
Erythrocytes
T-lymphocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
A patient with suspected diphtheria went through bacterioscopic examination. Examination of throat
swab revealed rod-shaped bacteria with volutin granules. What etiotropic preparation should be
chosen in this case?
Interferon
Bacteriophage
Diphtheria antitoxin
Antidiphtheric antitoxic serum
Eubiotic
?While studying a microslide obtained from the punctuate of a regional lymph node and stained by
Romanovsky-Giemsa method a physician revealed some light-pink thin microorganisms with 12-14
regular spiral coils and pointed ends, up to 10-13 micrometer long. This might be the causative agent
of the following disease:
Syphilis
Trypanosomiasis
Leptospirosis
Relapsing fever
Leishmaniasis
A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were
localised on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?
Start immunisation with rabies vaccine
Prescribe combine antibiotic therapy
Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine
Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctor's supervision
Immediately inject normal gamma globulin
A consumptive patient has an open pulmonary form of disease. Choose what sputum staining should
be selected for finding out the tubercle (Koch's) bacillus?
Method of Ziel-Neelsen
Method of Romanowsky-Giemsa
Method of Gram
Method of Neisser
Method of Burry-Gins
A 42-year-old man who has been injured in a car accident is brought into the emergency room. His
blood alcohol level on admission is 250 mg/dL. Hospital records show a prior hospitalization for
alcohol related seizures. His wife confirms that he has been drinking heavily for 3 weeks. What
treatment should be provided to the patient if he goes into withdrawal?
Diazepam
Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital
Phenytoin
None
A patient who came to the doctor because of his infertility was administered to make tests for
toxoplasmosis and chronic gonorrhoea. Which reaction should be performed to reveal
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
137.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
138.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
139.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
140.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
141.
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
(R)CFT- Reiter's complement fixation test
IFA - Immunofluorescence assay
Immunoblot analysis
AT - agglutination test
RIHA - Reverse indirect hemagglutination assay
In a 2-year-old child with catarrhal presentations and skin rash a pediatrician suspected scarlet fever.
The child was given intracutaneously a small dose of serum antibody to the streptococcal
erythrogenic toxin; on the site of injection the rash disappeared. What do the reaction results mean?
The clinical diagnosis was confirmed
The child has hypersensitivity to the erythrogenic toxin
The disease wasn't caused by haemolytic streptococcus
The whole serum dose may be injected intravenously
The child has very weak immune system
From the defecation of a 6-year-old ill child, who has artificial feeding, the intestinal bacillus with
antigen structure 0-111 is excreted. What is the diagnosis?
Coli-enteritis
Gastroenteritis
Cholera-like diseasis
Food poisoning
Dysentery-like diseasis
For serological diagnostics of the whooping cough it was made large-scale reaction with
parapertussis and pertussis diagnosticums. At the bottom of the test-tubes with diagnosticum of
Bordetella parapertussis grain-like sediment formed. What antibodies have this reaction revealed?
Agglutinins
Precipitins
Opsonins
Bacteriolysins
Antitoxins
From pharynx of a child with suspected diphtheria a pure culture of microorganisms was isolated.
Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be typical for
diphtheria causative agents. What study should be conducted in order to drow a conclusion that this is
a pathogenic diphtheria bacillus?
Estimation of toxigenic properties
Estimation of proteolytic properties
Estimation of urease activity
Estimation of cystinous activity
Estimation of ability to decompose starch
On bacteriological examination of the defecation of a 4-months-old baby with the symptoms of acute
bowel infection there were revealed red colonies spread in the large quantity in the Endo medium.
What microorganism can it be?
Escherichia
Salmonella
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Shigella
142.
Microscopy of stained (Ziehl-Neelsen staining) smears taken from the sputum of a patient with
chronic pulmonary disease revealed red bacilli. What property of tuberculous bacillus was shown up?
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.
143.
Acid resistance
Alkali resistance
Alcohol resistance
Capsule formation
Sporification
Reaction of passive hemagglutination conducted with erythrocytic typhoid Vi-diagnosticum helped
to reveal some antibodies in the dilution of the patient's serum at a ratio of 1:80 that exceeds the
diagnostic titer. Such result witnesses of:
Being a potential carrier of typhoid bacilli
Being ill with acute typhoid fever
Typhoid fever recurrence
Incubation period of typhoid fever
Reconvalescence of a patient ill with typhoid fever
A. *
B.
C.
D.
E.