Bronchial asthma
SPECIFY CORRECT ANSWER NUMBER
1) The diagnosis of status asthmaticus stage 1 is eligible for:
1.resistance to sympathomimetics;
2. the presence of areas of the "dumb" lung;
3. hypoxic and hypercapnic coma;
4. difficulty breathing;
5. the presence of wet wheezing over the pulmonary fields.
2) Determination of the peak expiratory flow rate with a peak flow meter is
necessary when providing emergency care for an attack of bronchial asthma for:
1.determination of tidal volume
2.determining the respiratory rate
3.determining the minute volume of ventilation
4.Evaluating the effectiveness of bronchodilator therapy
3) Combined drugs include:
1.salbutamol
2.berodual
3. Pulmicort
4. Flixotide
4) In the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma are important:
1. Ig A
2. Ig M
3. Ig G
4. Ig E
5) FEV1 value is characteristic for severe persistent asthma:
1.more than 80%
2. less than 60%
3. less than 40%
4. less than 80% but more than 60%
6) The components of the development of status asthmaticus are:
1.spasm, edema and blockage of the bronchi with sputum;
2. dilatation, edema and blockage of the bronchi with sputum;
3. spasm, atony of the bronchial wall and blockage of the lumen with sputum;
4.stimulation of alfa-adrenergic receptors
5. blockade of β-adrenergic receptors.
8) In the treatment of bronchial asthma, the following type of drug administration
has an advantage:
1.enteral
2.subcutaneous
3.inhalation
4. intravenous
9) The mechanism of action of salbutamol / berotek /
1. decrease in vagus tone.
2.stimulation of β2 receptors.
3. blockade of β-receptors.
4. blockade of histamine receptors.
5. direct effect on the smooth muscles of the bronchi.
10) The mechanism of action of aminophylline
1.depression of vagal influences
2.blockade of mediators of allergic reactions
3.inhibition of phosphodiesterase
4. activation of adrenergic receptors
5.depression of the respiratory center
11) The daily dose of prednisolone allowed in the relief of status asthmaticus
1.120 mg
2.240 mg
3.360 mg
4.720 mg
5.1000 mg and more
12) Bronchial asthma associated with aspirin intolerance is based on:
1.atopy
2.disorder of prostaglandin metabolism
3.adrenergic imbalance
4.autoimmune mechanism
5.viral infection
13) Halotherapy is:
1.use of bromine or iodine preparations
2.system of breathing exercises
3. extracorporeal detoxification
4.Simulation of the microclimate of salt caves
14) The main complaint of patients with bronchial asthma:
1.increased fatigue
2.suffocating attack
3.Dyspnea on exertion
4.chest pain on breathing
15) The nature of sputum in patients with atopic form of bronchial asthma
1.mucopurulent.
2.foamy.
3. putrid.
4.mucous, glassy consistency.
16) Therapy of bronchial asthma with mild intermittent course:
1.inhaled short-acting 2-agonists on demand;
2. inhaled corticosteroids 200 - 500 mcg per day;
3. sodium cromoglycate before exercise or contact with an allergen;
4. oral glucocorticosteroids according to an alternating scheme;
5. theophyllines of prolonged action constantly.
17) Criterion of asthmatic status:
1.severe cough;
2. a drop in blood pressure;
3. a prolonged severe attack of suffocation with no positive effect from the therapy
with β2-mimetics;
4.expiratory dyspnea
19) The main complaint of the patient with bronchial asthma
1. chest pain;
2. cough with purulent sputum;
3.a attack of expiratory suffocation;
4. hemoptysis.
20) With expiratory dyspnea it is difficult
1. inhale;
2.exhale;
3. inhale and exhale.
21) Auscultatory data for an attack of bronchial asthma
1.crepitus;
2. dry wheezing rales;
3. wet wheezing;
4. noise of pleural friction.
22) Non combined drugs include:
1.salbutamol
2.berodual
3. Seretide
4. Symbicort
23) Non combined drugs include:
1. Seretide
2.berodual
3.Pulmicort
4. Symbicort
22) A drug contraindicated in bronchial asthma:
1. β2- adrenoceptor blocking agent
2. β2- adrenoceptor agonist
3. inhaled glucocorticosteroids
4. anticholinergic drug
5. systemic glucocorticosteroids
23) β2- adrenoceptor blocking agent:
1.Salbutamol
2.Beclazone
3. Flixotide
4. Symbicort
24) β2- adrenoceptor blocking agent:
1.Berotec
2.Beclazone
3. Flixotide
4. Symbicort
25) Anticholinergic drugs:
1. Berodual
2. Salbutamol
3. Flixotide
4. Symbicort
26) Inhaled glucocorticosteroids:
1.Ventoline
2.Beclazone
3. Berodual
4. .Salbutamol
27) Atopic bronchial asthma is characterized by
1.alarge amount of mucopurulent sputum
2.mean amount of viscous vitreous sputum
3. connection of exacerbations with colds.
4.aspirin intolerance
28) Atopic bronchial asthma is characterized by
1.alarge amount of mucopurulent sputum
2. connection of exacerbations with colds.
3.sensitization to household, pollen and epidermal allergens
4.aspirin intolerance
29) The drug is contraindicated in brochial asthma (one answer options):
1. Alpha blockers
2. Вeta- blockers
3. Ca- blockers
4. glucocorticosteroids
5. M-anticholinergics
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1) "The triad of bronchial asthma" is (three answer options):
1.eosinophils in sputum;
2. Kurshman's spirals in bronchial secretions;
3. a sharp decline in the Tiffeneau index;
4. fingers in the form of "drum sticks;"
5. Charcot-Leiden crystals in sputum;
6. signs of emphysema of the lungs.
2) Changes in the spirogram, characteristic of bronchial asthma (three answer
options):
1. a sharp decrease in VC;
2. decrease in FEV1;
3. decrease in the Tiffno index;
4. negative test with a bronchodilator;
5. positive test with a bronchodilator.
3) Drugs used to relieve attacks of bronchial asthma (two answer options):
1. Salbutamol
2.nitroglycerin;
3.Berotec;
4. Berodual
5.Lisinopril
4) The signs of the development of "status asthmaticus" are (four answer options):
1. discharge of thick glassy sputum;
2. excruciating dry cough;
3. hemoptysis;
4. ineffectiveness of sympathomimetics;
5.hypoxemia;
6.hypercapnia;
5) Criteria for the diagnosis of mild intermittent asthma (three answer options):
1.symptoms less than once a week;
2. short exacerbations;
3.night symptoms no more than 2 times a month;
4. FEV1 or PSV <80% of the proper values;
5. variability of PSV or FEV1 indices> 20%.
6) Criteria for the diagnosis of mild persistent asthma (three answer options):
1.symptoms more often than 1 time per week, but less than 1 time per day;
2.Exacerbations can affect physical activity and sleep;
3. nocturnal symptoms more often than 1 time per month;
4. FEV1 or PSV≥80% of due values;
5. variability of PSV or FEV1 indicators <20%.
7) Criteria for the diagnosis of moderate persistent asthma (three answer options):
1. daily symptoms;
2.Exacerbations can affect physical activity and sleep
3.Nightly symptoms more often than 1 time per week
4.Daily intake of inhaled short-acting β2-agonists
5. FEV1 or PSV from 40% to 60% of due values
6.variability of PSV or FEV1 indicators> 30%
8) Criteria for the diagnosis of severe persistent asthma (three answer options):
1.symptoms once a week;
2. frequent exacerbations;
3. rare nocturnal symptoms;
4. restriction of physical activity;
9) The main groups of drugs used to treat bronchial asthma (three answer options):
1. antibiotics;
2. bronchodilators;
3. antihistamines;
4.corticosteroids;
5.beta-adrenoreceptor agonist
10) Inhaled beta 2 agonists used in the treatment of bronchial asthma (three answer
options):
1.Salbutamol;
2.Fenoterol;
3. metoprolol;
4. Formoterol.
5. Beclazone
11) The main clinical symptom of bronchial asthma is (two answer options):
1. pleural fluid
2. an attack of suffocation;
3.cough;
4. purulent sputum.
12) For bronchodilation tests use (two answer options):
1. short-acting anticholinergic drugs;
2. short-acting β2-agonists;
3.Long-acting β2-agonists
4. corticosteroids;
13) Differential diagnostic criteria for bronchial asthma in contrast to chronic
obstructive bronchitis are (four answer options):
1.cough with difficult sputum;
2. obstructive impairment of respiratory function
3. attacks of suffocation;
4. positive tests for allergens;
5.the presence of eosinophils in sputum
6. Charcot-Leiden crystals in sputum;
7. Kurshman's spirals in bronchial secretions;
14) Complications occurring during an attack of bronchial asthma (two answer
options):
1.infectious toxic shock;
2.spontaneous pneumothorax;
3. pulmonary bleeding;
4. hemoptysis;
5. atelectasis of the lungs.
15) Diseases with which an attack of bronchial asthma should be differentiated
(two answer options):
1.Acute left ventricular failure
2.hepatic colic
3.acute pneumonia
4.fibrosing alveolitis
5.perforated gastric ulcer
16) The atopic form of bronchial asthma is characterized by (two answer options):
1.alarge amount of mucopurulent sputum
2.mean amount of vitreous sputum
3.sensitization to household, pollen and epidermal antigens
4.aspirin intolerance
5.the connection of exacerbation with a cold
17) Changes in the spirogram, characteristic of bronchial asthma (two answer
options):
1.negative test with bronchodilators
2. positive test with bronchodilators
3.A sharp decrease in VC
4.decrease in the Tiffeneau index
18) Complications of status asthmaticus are (two answer options):
1.hypoxemic coma
2.hypercapnic coma
3.pulmonary bleeding
4. heart attack pneumonia
5.pneumothorax
19) The presence of which elements in sputum microscopy are characteristic of
bronchial asthma:
1. lymphocytes
2.monocytes
3. Charcot-Leiden crystals
4.eosinophils
5.neutrophils
6.Kurshman spirals
20) Components of bronchial obstruction (two answer options):
1. edema of the mucous membrane.
2.laryngospasm
3.bronchospasm
4. pneumothorax
21) The following statements are true for bronchial asthma (three answer options):
1.the attack is stopped by inhalation of salbutamol
2.the shadows of Botkin-Gumprecht can be found in sputum
3.In advanced stages, pulmonary emphysema may develop
4. with a prolonged attack, moist rales are heard.
5.the disease develops at any age
22) An attack of bronchial asthma is characterized by (three answer options):
1.expiratory shortness of breath.
2. distant dry wheezing.
3. fine bubbling wet rales.
4.cough with hard-to-separate, viscous sputum.
23) Criteria for the diagnosis of bronchial asthma (three answer options):
1. fluctuations in the measurement of FEV1 (morning - evening) more than 20%;
2. eosinophilia of blood and sputum.
3. increase in the Tiffno index (more than 80%);
4. attacks of suffocation of an expiratory nature;
24) Mechanisms of obstruction of the bronchial tree (two answer options):
1.edema of the bronchial mucosa
2.reduction of secretion of bronchial glands
3.Acute bronchoconstriction
4.hyper airiness of the pulmonary parenchyma
25) In case of status asthmaticus stage 2, you should not enter (two answer
options):
1.cardiac glycosides;
2. saline solutions;
3.heparin;
4. steroid hormones;
5. sedatives and tranquilizers.
26) Reversible morphological changes in bronchial asthma include (three answer
options):
1. Thickening of the basement membrane of the bronchial mucosa.
2. Mucous plugs.
3. Vasodilation.
4. Hyperplasia of the submucous glands and goblet cells.
5. Mucosal edema and eosinophilic infiltration.